提升托福写作能力 需要的不仅仅是思路

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下面是小编给各位读者分享的提升托福写作能力 需要的不仅仅是思路(共含8篇),欢迎大家分享。同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“喵呜喵呜”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。

提升托福写作能力 需要的不仅仅是思路

篇1:提升托福写作能力 需要的不仅仅是思路

提升托福写作能力 需要的不仅仅是思路

本来在GRE考试里只有66.66%的正确率,然后再托福考试里也只有66.66%的正确率,按说没什么问题啊。但如果仔细一想的话,就会发现,托福考试本身就是以考察思想深度而出名的,如果在这个考试里思想深度还好的话,那么这些思路回到托福考试里,岂不是通杀!但是很遗憾,这里的作文分数也尽然只有20分,到这里,其实就该引起了各位考友的疑问,到底为什么回到托福作文里也只有20分呢?

难道这2个考试都一样吗?而且更夸张的是,有的考友竟然考了4.5,甚至5分,但是最后的托福作文也还是在20上下,这就更说不通了,因为在已经搞定了GRE的情况下,托福作文绝对应该是小菜一碟啊。

小编认为,之所以会出现这样的情况,很大程度上就是因为评分标准的不同,当然,我们今天只关心托福作文,GRE作文还是交给其他人来解读吧。换句话说,上面一个很小的例子其实就能告诉我们,托福写作考试对于基础语言的要求是很类似的,也就是说,本身对我们的要求就是没有语法错误,同时段落清晰,结构明了。

但是,这仅仅是最为初级的要求,我们集合可以在国内任何一个留学论坛上都能找到相关的内容,但是十分讽刺的是,我们中国学生作文的平均分,也尽然只有20分上下,换句话说,在每一个人都知道真理的时候,如果我们都做不到的话,那么要么是真理是假话,要么是真理太难了。但是,我们一想就会知道,其实只要我们写过3-5篇文章,那么逻辑就不会太差,但是我们的分数仍然只有20分左右的平均分,那么结果只能有一点,就是我们平时信奉的托福作文,思路之上的这条真理是错误的!没有别的原因。

当然,也许我们会说,也许这是Chinglish的问题,可以说从很浅层的角度来看,是这样的。但是如果深入研究,我们的结论就不是那么肯定了。因为Chinglish往往被我们理解为语法错误,比如说Good,Good,Study,Day,Day,UP。亦或者是everythings are just too prefects.不过这句很时髦的中式英语,最被人嘲笑的就是everything后面被加了复数。

但是很多时候,我们把那个没有发现,自己的错误在于后面的too其实用的很不恰当,因为too很多时候就表示“过头了,过分了”。

这里最好写为soprefect,亦或者是bloodyprefect,前者显得很正式,后者则显得很local,很有黑人范。换句话说,everythings是最为常见的Chinglish,too prefects,则是很隐性的Chinglish,但是在20分上下的作文里很常见。soprefect则是在26分以下的作文里很常见。bloodyprefect则是在29分作文里很常见。

托福写作中的经典套句

为了帮助大家更好的备考托福,学习啦小编给大家带来“托福写作中的经典套句介绍”,以下是详细内容,希望能够对同学们有所帮助!

托福作文开头套句:

When it comes to..., some think...

There is a public debate today that...

A is a common way of..., but is it a wise one?

Recently the problem has been broughtsintosfocus.

提出观点:

Now there is a growing awareness that...

It is time we explore the truth of...

Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.

进一步提出观点:

...but that is the only part of the history.

Another equally important aspect is...

A is but one of the many effects. Another is...

Besides, other reasons are...

提出假想例子的方式:

Suppose that...

Just imagine what would be like if...

It is reasonable to expect...

It is not surprising that...

举普通例子:

For example(instance),...

... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)

A good case in point is...

A particular example for this is...

引用:

One of the greatest early writers said ...

“Knowledge is power”, such is the remark of ...

“...”. That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

“...”. How often we hear such words like there.

讲故事(先说故事主体),this story is not rare

..., such dilemma we often meet in daily life

..., the story still has a realistic significance.

提出原因:

There are many reasons for...

Why ..., for one thing,...

The answer to this problem involves many factors.

Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...

The first reason can be obliviously seen.

Most people would agree that...

Some people may neglect that in fact ...

Others suggest that...

Part of the explanation is ...

进行对比:

The advantages for A outweigh the disadvantages of...

Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...

Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.

A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...

承上启下:

To understand the truth of..., it is also important to see...

A study of ... will make this point clear

让步:

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...

I do not deny that A has its own merits.

结尾:

From what has been discussed above, we may safely drawthe conclusion that...

In summary, it is wiser...

In short...

篇2:用"语块"提升托福写作能力

用“语块”提升托福写作能力

1. 词组、短语(常见的一些名词、动词、介词搭配):

1)be preoccupied with(专注于);

2)be accustomed to(习惯于);

3)get rid of(排除);

4)run into(偶然遇见);

5)once in a while(偶尔);

6)in terms of(在…方面)

7)top priority(首要任务);

8)virtual studio(虚拟演播室)

2. 句型(构成句子的框架):

1)Once upon a time,…(很久很久以前)

2)…as much as…(和…一样)

3)…, which…(“非限定性定语从句”)

4)…so that…(以至于)

5)There be…(“存现句”)

6)It is…that…(“强调句”)

7)It is universally acknowledged that…(众所周知…)

8)By doing…, …can…(通过做…,…可以…)

3. 成语(有典故的名词性表达,或来源于文学作品,或来源于圣经或希腊神话,或来源于老百姓长期以来的经典表述)

1)beat around the bush(绕弯子、兜圈子说话)

2)Achilles’ heel(致命的弱点)

3)an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth(以眼还眼,以牙还牙)

4)black sheep(害群之马)

5)social butterfly(交际花)

6)Catch-22 situation(二十二条军规,比如尴尬矛盾的境地)

7)Judah’s kiss(犹大之吻,比如口蜜腹剑的话语)

8)cup of tea (喜爱的人或事物)

4. 谚语+名言(劳动人民长久以来口口相传的经典语句;名人说的经典之语)

1)Old habits die hard. (江山易改本性难移)

2)Misfortune might be a blessing in disguise(塞翁失马焉知非福)

3)Getting there is half the fun.(目的虽重要,但是不要忽视过程的体验)

4)One man’s meat is another man’s poison. (青菜萝卜各有所爱)

5)Zeal without knowledge is like a runaway horse. (无知的狂热如同脱缰的野马,一发不可收拾)

6)Great minds think alike. (英雄所见略同)

7)The government of the people, by the people and for the people shall never vanish from the world. (民有的、民治的、民享的政府才会得以永恒存在下去--林肯)

8)You know some birds are not meant to be caged, their feathers are just too bright. (你知道有些鸟儿是注定不会被关在囚笼里的,他们的每一片羽毛都闪耀着自由的光辉--《阿甘正传》)

5. 常见中文的英文翻译

1)随着科技日新月异的变化:with the fast-changing development of science and technology

2)在这个高度竞争的社会里:in this highly competitive society,

3)面临新的机遇和挑战:be faced with new opportunities and challenges

4)引起了广泛的社会关注:trigger wide public concern

5)人民生活水平显著提高:the remarkable progress of people’s living standard

6)发挥日益重要的作用:play an increasing important role in

7)来自社会各个阶层的人:people from all walks of life

8)利远远大于弊:the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages

详解托福写作的无话可说解决方法和技巧

对于刚开始涉及托福备考的学生来说,在写托福文章的过程中,你会不会无话可说字数不够的情况。其实,想要解决这样的问题最好的办法,就是使用一些具体的事实、具体的例证以及具体的现象来充实文章的内容。但是,怎样让这些事例能充分围绕论点展开,达到其应有的作用呢?

对于托福考试来说,题目是公平的,绝对不会让某一专业的考生有特别的优势。所以,生一定能联想起具体细小的事情,再形成观点。把看得见摸得着的事物带来的思考变成作文里的分支观点,具体细节内容变成证据。这不失为一种很好的策略。如果遇到我们一些抽象化的论点,我们就可以从想到的一些例证出发,逐步缩小范围,找到论点。

由此,当头脑出现空白时,应该将具体的、细小的、琐碎的、微不足道的事物所引发的思考变成观点,再进行论述。这种定式思维的形成需要多下工夫,从无话可说到有理可据。比如:“计算机的利与弊”这个话题,涉及到的内容就是非常的宽泛,在一时间可以让我们想到很多的分论点。但是如果我们在考虑问题的同时,想到学生玩游戏的过程,就马上会给自己带来这样的论点,学生整天呆在那里对他们的头脑是有害的(harmful to their minds),并且浪费大量时间(waste a lot of time)。

总之,在刚开始涉及托福作文的时候,是很容易遇到无话可说的情况的。但是,养成写作的时候边写边思考的习惯,学会为自己的文章找到相应的例证,相信很快就能解除这些问题了。

篇3:托福写作思路需要注意什么

托福写作思路需要注意什么?

1、要与论题相匹配。论题问的既然是提高生活质量与否,一些无关紧要的改变就应该弃之不用,比如烹调时间缩短这一项改变,是事实,且未对生活质量有直接明显影响,就应该避免用作主要论点。

2、要能言之有物。这是再功利不过的一条标准。比如我自己提到了食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变,破题时觉得不无可能,真落笔时却不知道由何说起,如果选了这一条为一个主要论点,结果是我说了一句话就走人,那还不如选个能下笔,能展示语言功底,也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。

3、选择的无论是2个还是3个论点,内在一定要有联系。这其实是整个托福写作立意阶段的重头。要立意,就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么,明确立场。然后站在这个立场上,挑选支持自己的论点。

托福写作破题结束后,第二要做的重要事项便是整理行文思路。破题过程其实是个发散思维的过程,而立意,则是要把思维收回来,组织化,理清它的脉络纹路,让他们按照自认为最有说服力的顺序排列好,准备落于纸上的过程。这个说服力的强弱,应该以什么标准判断呢?笔者认为,能说服读者的议论,在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则:

三个(或者两个)论点不能在层面上有交叉,但要符合一条明线:支持全文观点。而最打动读者的论点选择,不仅遵循上面的原则,三个看似不交叉的论点间还有一条暗线贯穿一致。

立意的第一步,按照上面的原则看,当然是先确定观点。以题目为例,笔者愿意选择否,食物易于准备降低了人们的生活质量。第一步踏出去了。

确定观点后,破题时得到的思维方向,明显不利于我的就应该排除。比如营养价值改变这一条,虽然速食文化的确对人体有害,但另一项速食:生疏和熟粗粮,就是向有益方向改变的,两者势均力敌,仅管是很容易想到,也很容易举例论证的论点,却不宜使用,因为如此贸然用了,有思维不缜密之嫌。

托福独立写作高分小技巧:Rhetorical Questions

如果说参加托福考试时在综合写作中还可以适当使用“模板”的话,那么独立写作里“模板”的使用往往会被并标以“pre-prepared”,因此考生想通过这种“捷径”提高得分的结果不会特别理想。独立写作提高得分的关键还是“实力说话”。

尽管“模板”效果有限,但短期提高得分的技巧还是很多,如活用“万能理由”和巧用“论证方法”等。本文主要介绍在独立写作中很多考生没有注意的一个加分“小”技巧—rhetorical question的使用。

在托福写作实战中,rhetorical question的使用能够起到很好的加分作用。为了说明rhetorical question的加分作用,请看托福Official Guide评卷人对一篇题为Dishonesty Kills Reliability的满分作文的点评。下面是点评中关于language的comment:

The writer's language is fluent, accurate, and varied enough to effectively support the progression and connection of ideas. There is a variety of sentence structures, including rhetorical questions.

评卷人把rhetorical questions看做加分点!

从上面的点评中,我们可以清楚的得出这个结论——至少评卷人把上述段落中的反问句视作一种“句型变化”而加以肯定和褒扬。

那么,何谓rhetorical question?Rhetorical question会不会很难?

我们先来看在托福Official Guide里备受评卷人赞誉的rhetorical question实例。在原文第四段中,为了说明honesty的重要性作者是这样写的:

In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I'm dealing with is honest.Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldn't like,s/he'd better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that'd be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again?How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there.……

提问而不需对方回答,提问只是为了表明并强调作者的立场。这不就是汉语中的“反问”吗?维基百科对反问句的定义是:

A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question thatis asked to make a point rather than to elicit an answer. Though a rhetorical question does not require a direct answer, in many cases it may beintended to start a discussion or at least draw an acknowledgement that thelistener understands the intended message.

还有学者对反问的定义更加清楚:

A rhetorical question is asked just for effect or to lay emphasison some point discussed when no real answer is expected.

那么,rhetorical question为什么能够收到评卷人的赞誉而得到加分?这就要从托福作文的评分标准说起了。托福Official Guide里面对于高分作文的要求(Scoring Rubic)描述如下:

.ffectively addresses the topicand task

.s well organized and well developed, appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and / or details

.isplay Unity, progression, and coherence

.isplay consistent use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity

从上面的评分标准可以清楚看出,rhetorical question能够帮助我们满足实现评分标准第四条中的“demonstrating syntactic variety”。这也正是官方指南中评卷人的点评。

其实,除了体现“句型变化”,合理使用rhetorical question还能帮助我们满足评分标准第一条的要求“effectively addresses the topic and task”。事实上,rhetorical question不仅能够有效的回应主题,还能强调作者的观点从而获得读者的认同。rhetorical question的这种强调作用最著名的范例可能算是雪莱《西风颂》Ode to the West Wind的结尾了:

“O Wind,If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?”

另外,问句,尤其是设问的合理使用还能起到很好的衔接作用,也就是评分标准的第三条“Display Unity, progression, and coherence”。因此,有学者把rhetorical question的篇章作用总结如下:

? Emphasize a point

? Persuade powerfully

? Influence subtly

? Provoke thinking

? Help smooth transition

限于篇幅,对这些作用就不一一举例了。顺便说一下,rhetorical question后面的标点并不一定总是question mark,有时也可以是句号或感叹号。

下面,本文作者提供一篇自己写的样文,请大家分析问句在开头、中间和结尾段中的使用。

Some people prefer to ask others for help; others prefer to solve the problem with their own knowledge. Which is your choice?

Such is human nature that everyone longs for happiness in our life. Unfortunately, on the path to pursue happiness, we are likely to face various problems. How to solve them? Should we rely on ourselves to remove the obstacle or turn toothers for a cure?From my perspective, it is more reasonable to ask others for help.

Admittedly, always hinging on others to solve problems might be irrational in some cases. For example, if you ask an acquaintance with whom you haven’t a close tie to lend you a hand, he might be reluctant, because most of us have our own care and concern. Besides,some people are unwilling to shoulder the responsibility for the advice they offer. It’s not a rare case when we ask our friend for advice on what major to choose only to get a reply: “Well, it’s really hard to say. Who knows what your real interest is? Who knows what major will be popular when you graduate?”

In spite of the points mentioned above, I still cling to the idea that we should depend on others for the following reasons.

First of all, asking others for help can save us much valuable time, time that we can use for other purposes. As is known to all, most people in contemporary society are always burdened with endless stress and strain. To be admitted to prestigious universities, schoolchildren have to burn midnight oil to out do their peers in exams; likewise,university students can do nothing but to work against the clock to lend themselves an edge over others in the talent market so that they can land adecent job. Given the quickening pace of life, how can we expect us to remove all the obstacles only by ourselves?

In addition, turning to others for help is an efficient way for us to enlarge our circle of friends. It is not a rare case that friendship might be formed after we ask others for help. Take myself as an example. After helping me find a cure for my personal health problem, one of my colleagues has become my best friend. Now, when in trouble,he also asks for my advice. No wonder some even state that it is an efficient way to find friends by “bothering” others for their help.Sounds surprising?It is a discovery revealed inrecent research conducted by a group of leading experts.

Most importantly, it is the only choice to call for help when the solution to a problem requires expertise. Itis known to all that today’s society differs greatly from what it was before. Even a century ago, most folks could be self-sufficient: they grew grain on their own land and wove cloth on their own looms, which seems unimaginable in modern society. Unlike the “good old days”, modern society is a huge complex machine in which each person can serve only as a tiny part.For example, City dwellers depend on farmers for grain while farmers rely on factory workers for industrial products; in the same way, factory workers may temporarily drown our worries in soap operas shown on the screen while film-makers cannot have a film produced, however talented they might be, without the talents of play wrights,directors, photographers, actors or actresses.

Why not ask others for solution when necessary?Good or bad, this might be the best choice left to us.

托福写作:“定义法”三步快速解决写作开头难

模版开头一

when it comes to the topic that…, opinions of the public are of great variety. Admittedly, some people would claim that….. However, I still insist that… My reasons will be listed as follows.

又比如在涉及到A和B两个对象的影响类的题目里,常见模版开头二:

Nowadays, the influence of A on B is a matter for debate for a long time. some people claim that… However, I disagree with them. In my viewpoint, … and the following is my reasons.

模版可以用,但是不建议同学们拿到题目就直接带入模版,一来语言会显得呆板,二来托福官方对模版的态度为“不扣分,不加分”,因此模版对于想要高分的同学学来说并没有太大优势。所以还是希望同学们看到话题之后可以进行一定独立思考。今天我们一起看下常见的开头破冰法之一:定义法引入。

所谓“定义法”,就是下定义,对题目中的某些名词或概念进行解释,比如题目所涉及的success, responsibility, independence,social skills,part-time jobs等,我们可以直接解释这些概念是什么,或者大家对这些事物的看法等,还有可能涉及到重要性或者其影响等词,比如importance, benefits, advantageous,exert positive/negative influence on,一般一句话带过即可。下面我们结合具体题目带入“定义法引入”的具体应用。

例如:

D/A: One ofthe best ways that parents can help their teenager children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to take a part-time job.

在这个题目中,所涉及到的名词有parents, teenager children, adult life, 和a part-time job四个名词及词组,也就是说这个题目我们可以从四个角度进行开头段的构思。但我们应该优先从最好把握的入手。不难发现,a part-time job属于话题的关键词眼,所以[第一步]我们可以直接针对a part-timejob进行解释,比如Part-time jobs, which act as a warm-up for the future career, can provide children with a general image of the society. 或者Part-time jobs is of great importance in helping children better understand the society they are live in.定义法解释过之后,[第二步]我们要引出题目中的其它对象,最后第三步引出自己立场。比如上边紧接着a part-time job 这一句可以For most parents, it is really an ideal choice to help their children prepare for adult life.[第三步]在点明观点时,我们可以紧接着提出,Thus I agree with the opinion in the statement.甚至最后可以加一句,比如:my reasons will be detailed as follows. 或者my reasons are as follows.

这时我们的开头段已经基本搞定:

Part-time jobs, which act as a warm-up for the future career, can provide children with ageneral image of the society.For most parents, it is really an ideal choice to help their children prepare for adult life.Thus I agree with the opinion in the statement. My reasons will be detailed as follows.

这个题目还涉及到其它三个对象,也就是说,我们还可以根据上边定义法的思路以其它三种方式引出该话题,见下文供大家参考:

Parents:

Parents, as the most essential guide in our life, love us so much that they always want a fast and steady development of us. Thus, many parents suggest their children to work on a part-time job, which acts as a warm-up for their future career. From where I stand, I agree with the suggestion to take on a part-time job during teenage period. My reasons are listed as follows.

Teenage children:

Teenage is the most crucial period in one’s life, for it is a fast developing stage both in physical and mental aspects. That is why parents are urged to figure out the most efficient way for their children to keep up with the quick development. Working on a part-time job is considered one of the best solutions for many parents. From where I stand, I agree with the suggestion to take on apart-time job during teenage period. My reasons are listed as follows.

Adult life:

Many teenagers are looking forward to the adult life while the other are reluctant to grow up. However, growing up is an inevitable process/stage in one’s life. Part-time job, which acts as a warm-up for the future career, gives children a general image of the society.From where I stand, I agree with the suggestion to take on a part-time job during teenage period. My reasons are listed as follows.

我们还可以以同样的方法带入其它题目,比如D/A: People should have hobbies and do physical activities that are very different from work.

这个题目所涉及名词有work和hobbies and physical activities,我们就以work为切入点,进行定义,然后引出开头段。比如:

For most people, work takes a massive part of our whole lives. We go to school to prepare for a career, work through our best years, and eventually, after retirement, live off of pension generated from the job. However, other than the monetary part, our hobbies and physical activities might benefit us more if they were different from our jobs.

这个开头写法相对比较灵活,并没有受原题目的限制,巧妙的引出了自己立场。值得大家参考。

丨Tips:

1. 在对题目中所涉及的名词对象下定义时,建议大家从具体名词入手,尽量避开抽象名词,以降低自己构思难度。

2. 一般情况下,开头部分篇幅长度为40-60字即可。我们的写作还是要以理由段的论述为主,所以建议同学们不要浪费太多时间在开头部分。

篇4:做翻译也能提升托福写作能力

做翻译也能提升托福写作能力?

一.何为“以译促写”

所谓以译促写,顾名思义就是通过翻译来促进托福写作。具体说来,就是找一篇英文作文将它翻译成汉语,然后对照汉语,自己把它翻译成英文,最后,将自己的英文稿和最初的范文进行对比,寻找差距。本文小编为大家介绍这种以译促写的托福写作方法。

语言使用(language use)是新托福写作中一项重要的评分维度。根据官方给出的评分标准,考生应该“能够流畅地使用英语(consistent facility in the use of language)”,也就是要求考生能够使用多种英文句型并且恰当用词(There should be a variety of sentence structure, and word choice should be appropriate)。然而,提高语言的难度极高,它既不想发展(development)那样具有训练性,也不像结构(organization)那样具有模版性,如果方法不得当,还很有可能“练而无果”。那么,什么方法能够在短期内有效地提高语言表达呢?很简单,演“译”语言,以译促写。

所谓以译促写,顾名思义就是通过翻译来促进写作。具体说来,就是找一篇英文作文将它翻译成汉语,然后对照汉语,自己把它翻译成英文,最后,将自己的英文稿和最初的范文进行对比,寻找差距。而这样操作的目的也很简单,就是在比较和批注的过程中不断完善提高语言,了解地道的英式表达,从而在考场上从容作文。

二.“以译促写”具体如何实施

第一步,将一篇优秀的托福独立习作翻译成英文。优秀习作的来源可是是OG给出的4、5分的范文,也可以是市面上各种辅导书所给出的参考范文,甚至可以是老托福TWE185题的李笑来范文。这里需要注意一个细节,我们所做出来的翻译应该和原文放在一个文档以方便我们的后续检查和比较。

第二步,打开一个新的文档,将翻译好的汉语文本进行复制粘贴。这里需要注意的是最好粘贴在非word文档里。由于word具有自动改正的功能,所以很多明显的拼写语法错误会自动修正,而在真实的考场上,ETS给出的软件完全不具备类似的功能(这本来就是考试所要考查的内容),所以,对word依赖越大,考场之上,失误的可能性就越大。

第三步,对照自己的汉语文本,将汉语翻译成英语。

第四步,将自己的英语文本与原先的范文文本进行对比,标注出自己表达与范文表达不同的地方,并进行修改批注。但是,进行到这一步,大家千万不要以为万事大吉了,确切地说这才是做好我们整个工作的准备环节,真正关键的步骤是第五步。

第五步,也是整个环节中最重要的一步,就是要静心地思考你的英文译文同范文文本的差异,学习范文文本的起承转合的技巧,学习范文文本长句短句的错落交叉,学习范文文本的精确用词--这些都是在你的文章有了思路和结构之后阻碍你得的重要因素。

第六步,作为选择步骤。如果前五步,特别是第五步你已经做的无可挑剔,那么这一步可以选择不做。但是如果你在前五步做完之后还有一些困惑,那么请一定要严格执行第六步,即背下这篇范文。为什么不是直接背下范文呢?因为只有通过这样一步一步地翻译,一点一点地对比,你才能知道并且是真正你自己的表达弱点在那里。这种做法看似麻烦,其实比直接背范文的有效性要高出很多。

托福写作解析:倒装句让你的写作更精彩

倒装句在托福写作中时常运用,一种是完全倒装句;另一种是部分倒装句。

对于英语句子的倒装,有两种情况下需要运用倒装,一是由于语法结构的需要;二是由于修辞的需要。对于这两种情况的倒装,种情况是必须要倒装的,否则你的句子就会出现语法错误;第二种是选择性的倒装,这里只会在表达效果上出现差异。下面小编就带大家一起来看看从修辞功能的需要来看看倒装句为你的托福写作提分。

表现点一:表示强调

倒装句,大家最常见的、最突出的表现形式就是强调,其它表达形式一般有3种形态:

1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。

例: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。

例: so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。

eg.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。

以上各例子都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。

表现点二:承上启下

在写作表达中,有时需要在前一句说到或有联系的人或者是事物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加的紧密,起到一个承上启下的作用,这时候往往会用到倒装句。

例: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。

表现点三:制造悬念,渲染气氛

一般这个表现点在新闻或者文学创作的时候用到的最多,是为了内容的需要,或者为了强调,作者常常运用倒装句来制造悬念,渲染气氛,但是如果想让你的文章丰富多彩,那么使用倒装也不是不可行的。

例如:Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。

表现点四:平衡结构

学习英语的人都知道,在英语的修辞中有一个很重要的原则,就是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾有来保持句子的平衡。而在语言使用中为了避免头重脚轻,结构不平衡的句子,通常也会使用倒装句来达到这种效果。

1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。

例:On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.

Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.

地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。

从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。

2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。

eg.Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。

3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。

例:Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。

表现点五:使文章描写生动

有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。

例:Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。

上例句子简洁明了,生动逼真地描述了有关动作,令我们一览倒装句的风采。这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现的更为清晰。

托福写作解析:reduce living expense

如果给朋友推荐reduce living expense的方式:

1. 找一个室友合租

2. 不买最新款的手机,buy less frequently

3. Buy cheap foods and cook home(不要经常在外面吃)

Which way you will recommend to your friend and why?

思路:题目问推荐reduce living expense的方式,选找舍友合租。

三个分论点:

(1)找舍友合租省下的房租费远多于后两种;

(2)找舍友合租还可以在其他方面省钱,比如交通拼车啥的;

(3)让步,找舍友合租固然会有一些不便,但并不严重。

12月17日托福独立写作真题范文

托福写作范文参考:

(开头段:背景引入+他人观点+自己观点+过渡句)

Due to high level of consumptions, young people can usually find themselves stuck in financial deficit. In this case, how to cut down living expenses obviously become an important problem. Some say they may change their mobile phone in a much lower frequency while others propose that they are more willing to cook by themselves in order to save money. However, I consider renting an apartment with a roommate can be the best solution. My view point is based on the following reasons and examples.

(分论点1:分论点+展开句+论证)

To begin with, living with a roommate can help us save much more money than cutting down costs in buying new electric devices or cooking at home. The expense of house renting is higher than the money spending on eating stuff or purchasing mobile phone. Take the young working in Shanghai as an example. Renting fees in Shanghai can reach 5,000 RMB to 7000 RMB in average if young people want to live in some convenient districts rather than in some remote areas. If they find a roommate and get the rent shared, he or she can save at least 2,500 RMB per month. When it comes to saving money by stop buying new mobile phone or quitting eating outside, one may only save several hundred RMB one month. So it will be much more effective if one find a roommate to reduce his or her costs on renting than on cellphone or food.

(分论点2:分论点+展开句+论证)

In addition, living with another individual can not only lesson one’s financial pressure in renting fees, but also save money in other aspects. Roommates can share furniture or tools together. For example, when I was just graduate from university, I choose to rent with another girl. When we both moved into our new apartment from our dormitory, the first thing we need to deal with was to buy some necessary items such as cooking pot and sofa, for the house we rent was almost empty—there were only two beds in it. I felt very lucky that I decided to live with another girl rather than living by myself, because I had not to pay all the expenses of buying these equipment myself. Sharing those expenditure with my roommate effectively lessened my financial burden.

(让步段:承认漏洞,削弱其影响)

Admittedly, living with another person can lead to some problems. Sometimes, we may encounter with roommates who are quite annoying, like he or she may have several friends singing and dancing in her room till midnight, which will disturb us a lot. Different life style can result in a bad relationship between us and our roommates. Nevertheless, this kind of terrible situation can be prevented by carefully collecting information of our roommates before we make the decision of renting a house with him or her. If we deliberately choose the individual who own a similar living habit as ours, most of the unsat isfactory cases can be avoided ahead of time.

(结尾段:重述总论点+重述分论点)

To sum up, compared with keeping using old cellphone and cooking by ourselves, living with a roommate is the best solution when young people want to cut down their expenses. Having another people living with us can share renting fees as well as other various kinds of costs. Although it may lead to some inconvenience, we can effectively eliminate these drawbacks by observing and communicating with our potential roommates before we finally pick up the one we are most likely to get along well with.

篇5:口语备考托福口语需要提升能力

备考托福口语需要提升的四方面能力

能力一:推理能力。对于中国考生学英语来说,就是2个文化差别较大的语言碰到了一起,结果完全靠猜肯定是靠不住的。但是有时几个单词并未听明白,整个语段其实可以根据相关语境进行合理的判断推理,得出对方想要表达的含义,这是很可行的。否则交流就容易中断,没有办法进行完全的沟通。

能力二:表达能力。在托福口语考试中,要将题目中的内容表达出来,才能获得高分。因为托福口语的特殊性,平时考生对其的重视程度可以不及,所以练习的相对也较少,如此长久,将会严重拖托福考试成绩的后腿的。所以一到考试的时候,很多考生的表达中大多数按照中文的思路来答题,也就是所谓的中式英文,这样的口语答案很难赢得考官的青睐,自然获得不了太高的分数。

那么考生要如何练习呢?因此考生在平时准备时,最好每天都把3个比较复杂的句子翻译一次,中文翻译成英文。这样的练习,能够有效的帮助大家提高自己的语言能力,而且还能从中体会到中英文之间的差异,选择使用十分地道的英文表述方法。另外,特别提醒要多留意一些生活里的感触,能够给大家的回答增加不少的内容。

能力三:传译能力。很多同学认为,想要学好英语,那么从逻辑和观念上就要抛弃自己母语的思维方式。但此方法是不正确的!衡量口语的关键的标准是传译。若想让口语练习有效果,一定要理解美国人的思维方式以及对于中英文的不同,把握大方向的前提才能够取得有效的进步。所以在托福口语的练习过程中传译的能力也是十分重要的。

能力四:词汇积累能力。在整个托福考试的备考过程中,大家都一直在强调词汇的重要性,特别是一些学术类专业词汇的出现,比如像生物学、医学类等专业词汇,考生一碰到就蒙了。所以考生在备考托福词汇的时候,针对这些专业类词汇要特别注意一些,很多大牛都总结了各科的考试的专业词汇,大家可以集中的去背一背,就算你不会拼写,也要做到“眼熟”、“耳熟”,别使得这样生涩的词汇让你在口语考试里的表现受影响。

托福口语:零基础怎样复习

虽然很多人中国的学生在口语、作文这两个部分上总是显得一筹莫展,但是由于我们是后来者,我们其实也是有自己的优势,就是“后发优势”。那么什么是“后发优势”呢?很简单,比如说有两栋楼,一栋楼1990年盖的,使用的是很传统的水费计量系统,每家采取的是均摊水费的方式,由于每个人都担心吃亏,都无节制的用水,因此水费很高;另一栋楼建于,全都采用最新式的水费计量系统,每家每户单独计费,为了降低支出,因此每家每户都节水,这样每户人家的水费开支少了,同时整个社会也开始节水了。这个20建的楼就是很明显的“后发优势”。

我们既然是0基础开始学习,就可以避过前人很多的错误,少走很多的弯路。在我们以前学习英语的时候,往往只注重记忆以及阅读,根本就不注重说以及写。这是时代的产物,同时也是社会的产物,虽然很多人都知道在学习英语的时候应该注重实际应用的能力,但是无奈条件所限,当我们的老师都不具备这种能力的时候,我们自身又怎能具备这种能力呢?因此,当我们从0开始学英语的时候,我们首先就该注重说与写的能力的培养。

当我们明确了这一点之后,接下来要解决的就是怎样做的问题。当我们准备这两个部分的时候,首先应该审视我们自己所知用的母语——汉语。当我们学习说话的时候,我们都是从牙牙学语起步的。当我们学习写作文的时候都是从“我今天上学了”这样的简单句说起的。因此当我们准备英语的时候,也是如此。我们要注重的是模仿,要做到从简入难的模仿。

当我们说道模仿的时候很显然是需要一套由简入难的教材的。这是很多人都会想到那套经典教材——新概念New concept。新概念确实是一套很好的由简入难的教材。但是很显然《新概念》已经被人太多提起,而且里面的内容稍显僵化。

因此如果除了《新概念》之外,我们最好再针对托福考试增加一些辅助性教材,在口语这个部分,着力推荐VOA与美剧。这里面VOA分为慢速(special)与标准速度(standard)。美剧的话,着力推荐经典的《六人行》,当然我们现在流行的《Lie to me》以及《Big bang theory》也都很好,但是在对于字幕的整理以及分析上面却较之于《六人行》相去甚远。

VOA我们不仅可以用来做听写,其实拿来做口语的模仿材料也是很好的,因为VOA里面绝大多数的播音员都是在美国本土,而且咬字清晰,十分适于模仿。美剧也是类似,由于里面的口语都是最生活化的,而且用词也都很fashion,与托福考试十分的接近,因此也是很适合我们来进行模仿,当然我们既然是0基础开始学习托福,还是要把语音跟单词结合起来,当我们背单词的时候,最好是听着这些单词的朗读来背,千万不要再走以前只记拼写不记读音的老路,切记切记!

当然我们在用这些材料的时候,要做的就是跟读,而且最好能把自己的读音录下来,跟原来的读音进行模仿,只有跟VOA,跟美剧一遍又一遍的比对、矫正,才能让我们的读音不至于“致命”。

至于作文部分,我们听过很多人说,只要把新概念都背下来,那么作文就一定没有问题了。但是很遗憾,这种幻觉性的说法多见于很多培训业的教师吹嘘自己经历所用,而且从来都没有一个人站起来让他履行一下自己的承诺,把任意一篇新概念背一下。为什么说遗憾呢?因为从来没有人揭穿骗局,但是骗局往往是美丽的,就像很少有人看刘谦表演完成之后觉得自己被骗一样,被骗的一瞬间总是幸福的。我们写作文的时候,最好也是像口语一样,首先进行模仿,除了模仿《新概念》之外,我们最好再专门的看一下《Economists》这本杂志,以及托福作文满分范文。

托福口语:如何规划好时间

托福口语考试题型分别是情景题和学术题。最后的5、6道以听力材料为基础,要求考生回答相关问题。首先,考生掌控时间能力的强弱对这个部分成绩的高低有着直接影响。前两道题的准备时间为15秒,回答时间是45秒;3、4题的准备时间是30秒,回答时间则是60秒;最后两道题目的准备时间是20秒,回答时间为60秒。大部分考生都反映口语部分的准备时间利用效率低、做答仓促。新托福口语考试时间比较紧张,考生要适度把握:

如第1、2中的题目属于日常话题,这两道题本身难度比较小,所以特别需要注意的就是时间的分配问题,在这45秒钟里,一般用5~6秒完成topic sentence, 接下来的40秒应以每一个detail或者example不超过3~4句话的规律完成该话题,也就是说大致20秒完成一个detail或example的表述。如果考生能在考前进行充分的准备,锻炼自己的口语思维,积累常用的details或examples,考试时就会从容许多。

口语

篇6:托福口语备考提升水平思路拓展

托福口语备考提升水平思路拓展 用脱口秀节目练口语具体方法在这里

预测脱口秀的话题(Predict the conversation topics)

如果你知道谁会出现在这一期的脱口秀以及为什么这一期邀请他(她)作为嘉宾,那么这时你就可以预测主持人和嘉宾交谈的话题了。上网搜素最近的新闻或是明星的花边新闻,能帮助你猜测可能的话题。

这可以助力你的听力,你可以更好地理解他们的谈话。当你在观看的时候,你可以注意比较实际的谈话内容和你预测的话题是否一致,你猜对了吗?他们实际上聊了什么呢?

暂停并尝试回答开放性问题(Pause and answer open questions)

因为脱口秀是访谈性质的,所以你在观看的时候需要注意主持人的交谈方式,学习他(她)是怎么样与人进行交谈的。在不同话题之间的自然过渡或是怎样回答一个开放性问题都是学习者们需要掌握的技能。为了更好地练习,我们可以在主持人提问完后按暂停键,然后基于你之前的搜素尝试着回答这些问题。

列下对话的提纲并重现对话(Outline the conversations and reenact)

在你观看的时候,你可以记下笔记、罗列出提纲。过后,你可以尝试根据你的笔记,选一个话题来进行对话。没有必要逐字记下,只需根据你的笔记来创建新的对话内容。你可以与你的朋友们一起观看,并尝试着就同一个话题进行对话,或者也可以记下笔记之后再利用笔记进行谈话。这是练习口语以及在采访时掌握话语权主导的好方法。

注意字幕(Watch with subtitles)

当你在观看脱口秀的时候,你可以打开字幕,注意她们说话的内容并尝试跟着说。如果你是在网上看的,当你遇到不理解的地方时你也可以暂停去查找这个词汇的意思。你也可以把你不认识的新词拍下来,这样你过后就可以通过图像记忆法来回忆这个单词。看到对话的语境和情景可以更好地帮助你记住新的单词。

托福(TOEFL)考试口语做笔记技巧

众所周知,为了模拟北美大学课堂的学术气氛和学生在校园生活的方方面面,新托福考试的口语部分首次允许考生做课堂笔记(笔记考完要上交,但笔记不算分)、并要求考生能够发表自己的意见和看法,而且必须具备对教授推荐的参考书写出读书报告、阐明自己观点的能力以及其他处理校园生活中可能遇到的各种情况的能力。本文拟对新托福口语考试(包括独立口语任务和综合口语任务)中如何做笔记的问题做深人地分析和探讨。

Note-taking in the Independent Task

该部分要求考生就某一自己熟悉的话题阐述自己的观点。一类问题是自由回答间题(Free-choice Response),如:If you could have any job in the world, what would it be? Use details to support your. response;另一类是选择类问题(Paired-choice Response),如:Do you like to try new kinds of food or eat the same kind of food all the time? Use details and examples to support your response,准备时间为15秒,回答问题时间为45秒。问题会被朗读出来,且同时出现在屏幕上。考生可以不用理会电脑的朗读,迅速阅读完问题。这样可以争取大概5秒,那么在这大约20秒内,考生可在草稿纸上迅速记下自己所要表达的关键信息。这里记笔记的方法为“TST表格”。TST ( Topic-Supporting ideas--Transitions)意思是考生须在草稿纸上用一到两个词写下欲表达的Topic(主题),Supporting ideas(分论点)和Transitions(信号词)。下面试举一例:

Question:

Where would you want to be professionally in ten years? Use details to support your response.

考生应迅速在纸上写下“own bus...”、“master”、“work com...”、“start”等信息见以下TST( Topic―Supporting ideas―Transitions )表格。

Topic statement: own bus... (I would like to own my own business) Supporting ideas: ( How I will work toward owning my business)

.master (Will get master's in business )

.work com... (Will work in company while planning my business)

.start (Will start my own business when I am ready)

Transitions: 10 next because 3 within 10 y (可用y代替 years)

Sample Answer

In ten years I would like to win an import business of my own. Next year, I will be starting a master's program in business with a specialization in entrepreneurship. I will be getting this degree because I hope to start my own business and make it successful some day. After I finish my master's degree three years from now, I will most likely take a position in another company for a few years to make some money and to spend some time planning my own business. Within ten years, I hope to own my own company and be on the way to making it a success.

再举一例:

Question:

Sometimes students have to write papers. Sometimes they have to give oral presentations. Which activity do you think is better for students, and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.

考生应迅速在纸上写下“pap”、“strong read write exams”、“more time think deeply”等信息。见以下TST( Topic―Supporting ideas―Transitions )表格::

Topic: pap (writing papers is better for students) Supporting ideas: (Why writing papers is better)

.strong read write exams (need strong writing skills for reading and writing and prepare for exams)

.more time think deeply (show understanding for more time to explain and think deeply)

Transitions: firstly because, so also

Sample Answer

I think writing papers is better for students. Firstly we need to develop strong writing skills. We go to school mainly to learn reading and writing, so we need a lot of practice. Examinations require a lot of writing, so writing papers is good reparation. Also, I think writing is a better way to show that I understand. When I write a paper, I can think deeply because I have more time to explain my ideas.

托福考试中经常用到的谚语习语归纳

1. A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 海内存知己,天涯若比邻。

2. A common danger causes common action. 同舟共济。

3. A contented mind is a continual / perpetual feast. 知足常乐。

4. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智。

5. A guest should suit the convenience of the host. 客随主便。

6. A letter from home is a priceless treasure. 家书抵万金。

7. All rivers run into the sea. 殊途同归。

8. All time is no time when it is past. 机不可失,时不再来。

9. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一日一个苹果,身体健康不求医。

10. As heroes think, so thought Bruce. 英雄所见略同。

11. A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

12. Behind the mountains there are people to be found. 天外有天,山外有山。

13. Bad luck often brings good luck. 塞翁失马,安知非福。

14. Bread is the stall of life. 面包是生命的支柱。(民以食为天。)

15. Business is business. 公事公办。

16. Clumsy birds have to start flying early. 笨鸟先飞。

17. Courtesy costs nothing. 礼多人不怪。

18. Custom makes all things easy.习惯成自然。

19. Desire has no rest. 人的欲望无止境。

20. Difficult the first time, easy the second. 一回生,二回熟。

21. Do not change horses in mid-stream. 别在河流中间换马。

22. Do not have too many irons in the fire. 贪多嚼不烂。

23. Do not pull all your eggs in one basket. 别把所有的蛋都放在一个篮子里。(不要孤注一掷。)

24. Do not teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。

25. East or west, home is the best. 东奔西跑,还是家里好。

26. Experience is the best teacher. 实践出真知。

27. Fact is stranger than fiction. 事实比虚构更离奇。(大千世界,无奇不有。)

28. Faith can move mountains. 信念能移山。(精诚所至,金石为开。)

29. First impressions are half the battle. 先入为主。

30. Give as good as one gets. 一报还一报。(以德报德,以怨还怨。)

31. Give everyone his due. 一视同仁。

32. Good wine needs no bush. 酒香不怕巷子深。

33. Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。(忙中常出错。)

34. He that promises too much means nothing. 轻诺者寡信。

35. He who has an art has everywhere a part. 一招鲜,吃遍天。

36. He would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom. 千里之行始于足下。

37. Home is where the heart is. 心在哪里,哪里就是家。

38. If you are not inside a house, you don not know about its leaking. 不在屋里,不知漏雨。(亲身经历才有体会。)

39. In peace prepare for war.平时准备战时。(居安思危。)

40. It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢,犹未为晚。

《托福》口语考试常考题目归纳

第一类托福口语task 1考题:

Describe the famous person you admire most. Explain why you admire this person. Include details and examples to support your response. (TOFEL ibt 08.06.22) 这是一个people类的考题,我们拿到一个题目后,脑海中应该立刻浮现出最基本的答题框架: topic sentence + supporting ideas. Topic sentence是比较容易想的,甚至是可以虚构的,所以问题就落在supporting ideas的思路上。描述一个人,最容易的角度便是这个人内在的qualities. 如:humorous, open-minded, easy-going, warm-hearted, community-minded, high driven, visionary, knowledgeable… 有了这些点之后,我们要想办法把点变成线,也就是把一个观点扩充成一到两个句子。我们可以用描述的方法去讲这个观点同意转换,如‘he’s a very open-minded person and he’s always flexible to changes. 同时我们还可以用举例的方法来进行扩展,如 ‘He’s a high-driven guy and he worked so hard on his Toefl test, study almost 24/7.’

第二类托福口语task 1考题:

Choose an object you like and explain why it is of special value to you. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation. (TOFEL ibt 08.02.24),这道题属于物品题,物品的题目也是一个常考点,但是准备的面比较广,可能会出成:a type of pet (Longman p.52),a kind of game (Longman p.72),your important gift (Longman p.64),咱们可以从两个角度去答题:对物品本身的简单描述 + 物品的来源或是重要意义,如描述宠物可以说: ‘ coz he keeps me company, when I was sad, he was always by my side.’ 又如描述礼物可以说: ‘ The psp was a gift from my Grandpa, it was a credit to my hard work on the SAT test.’

第三类托福口语task 1考题:

If you could live abroad, where would you go? Explain why you would go there. (Longman p.42)。 地方题目也是常考题型,变换方式相对较少,比如有:the city you live (Longman p.31),a city you have always wanted to go (TOFEL ibt 08.02.02),your favorite place when you were a child (TOFEL ibt 08.03.08)等等。地点题的答题思路为:景色,饮食,高雅休闲场所,教育,就业机会。如果说美国,景色可以描述national park, the beauty of nature well preserved, 饮食可以说dessert, I’ve got a sweet tooth, 如说高雅休闲场所,可以说Broadway, or NBA games,教育可以谈美国的大学,就业机会可以谈美国的500 fortunes. 再比如如果讲苏州,景色可以说gardens,well preserved ancient building, 就业机会可以讲讲苏州工业园,SIP,provides a lot of job and internship opportunities for graduates…

第四类托福口语task 1考题:

来看一个例题:What is the most memorable event you experienced in your life? Explain why it is memorable. (Longman p.50),类似的事件题的关键形容词可以换为:embarrassing (Longman p.70), challenging (TOFEL ibt 07.03.03),disappointing (TOFEL ibt 08.03.30),hard (TOFEL ibt 08.06.17)等等。较难的题可以出成:Describe a time when you needed help from others, how he or she helped you and what was the result? Please include details and examples to support your answer. (TOFEL ibt 07.04.29),这类题目跟个人亲身经历有关,考场上容易一时没有思路,也很难去杜撰,所以应在考前多去回忆童年往事,同时尝试着用英文表达出来,假如实在无法勾起美好的回忆,那就去杜撰吧, 注意是考前练习时杜撰,千万别到了考场上再去杜撰。

以上四类是托福口语task 1考察频率最高的四大类,还有一些话题是托福口语task 1会涉及到的,如工作职业类(这类主要是关于人生的目标,职业的选择,工作的兴趣等等),学校教育类,new skill you would like to learn (TOFEL ibt 08.01.19),文化娱乐类,这类题目涉及到文化、艺术、娱乐等生活中常见的题材。比如:a book that you want to read again (Longman p.58),an important composition, example: essay, poem, letter (TOFEL ibt 08.05.17),a TV program that you really like to watch (Longman p.54),a type of music you like most (Longman p.56)等等,需要考生在考前花大量的时间去整理思路,只有做到有备无患,在能在考场上胸有成竹,口若悬河。

《托福》考试口语复习指导

新托福的口语考试部分的第三题和第四题要求考生首先在45秒钟内读完100字左右长度的单一段落,今天我们讨论一下如何掌握新托福口语考试中的阅读节奏。

我们有时会担心,阅读速度的加快会影响阅读理解的准确率,其实这是一种误解。当然,盲目追求阅读速度必然要影响阅读理解的质量。我们应该做的是掌握正确的阅读节奏:“根据快和慢两种速度交替而成的节奏来变化自己的阅读速度。” 唱歌因韵律节奏而动听,说话因轻重缓急而悦耳,阅读也是一样,快慢相间的阅读速度才能收到良好的阅读效果。

我们知道,句子是由词组成的,但同一句中的各个词的分量不尽相同,有的起着关键的作用;段落是由句子构成的,然而同一段落中的各个句子的分量也是不尽相同的,有的是关键句、核心句,有的则起着辅助说明的作用,为阐述中心思想而服务。这些关键词、关键句表达的正是段落的重要信息,抓住了它们就等于抓住了段落的核心,就知道了什么地方应该加快速度,什么地方应该放慢速度,当然也就掌握了阅读节奏。

一般而言,对于关键词和关键句应该慢读,做到充分理解,牢牢把握;而对非关键词和非关键句应加快阅读速度,抢出时间,用以反复阅读重点句或归纳总结。请看下面的示例:

例1:阅读下面的段落:

A lot of people think that cultural anthropology is just about studying the special and strange aspects of a society, but anthropologists are also interested in the aspects of life that seems so ordinary that the people in the society think they are not significant.

阅读此句,我们不难找到一些关键词,如:cultural anthropology, the special and strange aspects of life, but, anthropologists, interested, ordinary, significant。这些关键词反映了此句的主要信息:“许多人认为文化人类学就是研究特殊而奇怪的社会现象,但人类学家有时还对一些人们认为不重要的、看起来很普通的生活现象感兴趣。”通过分析关键词,我们又发现“but”这个具有转折意义的连接词向我们显示了此句的后半句才是整个句子的核心部分,它提示我们阅读时应更加留心阅读后半句的关键词,提炼关键信息。因此,我们可以很肯定地确认此句最重要的意义应该是: “Anthropologists are also interested in the aspects of life so ordinary that people don’t think they are significant.” 并且也可以很肯定地预测,如有下文,也一定是就后半句所反映的核心信息继续论述,而不是前半句的。这样,在阅读时,我们就会把目光把注意力更加有目的地集中在后半句的关键词上,而对那些附加修饰、说明的部分,如:修饰people的a lot of 、in the society就可以快速阅读,甚至略去不读,因为它不影响我们对中心意思的理解与把握。

例2:阅读下面的段落:

Smell and Memory

Scientists are producing an increasing number of findings on the links between smell and memory. The most prominent scientist in this field is Dr. Alan Hirsch, a US neurologist who specializes in the treatment of patients who have lost their sense of smell or taste. He believes that the memories that certain smells bring back to people are not actually as important as the emotions that are associated with the smells. He also argues that our minds filter these emotions in a positive way, making past times seem better than they perhaps were.

我们注意到这个段落的题目是“Smell and Memory”,我们还知道题目是中心思想的反映。据此,我们可以得知本段主要论述的应是 smell and memory之间的联系,由此找到了关键词语“the links between smell and memory”(在段首),而能说明它们之间关系的句子又是最后一句。所以,这个段落的核心信息是: “Some smells remind us of a previous thing in a way that is better than the real experience.” 由此判定,本段的首尾都需细心地、稍慢地阅读,而对“最著名的;专门治疗何种病人的”这样相对次要的句子就可以加快阅读速度

篇7:托福阅读备考如何提升解题技巧和答题思路

托福阅读备考如何提升解题技巧和答题思路?

托福 阅读备考训练技巧分析

1,粗看下文章的段数,对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段,那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话,对文章的整体意思心中有数。

2,每段段首变成中文理解,以迅速的进入状态,并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题,这段的段首也要读)

3,每读一段整理一次逻辑,A支持的观点是什么?A的观点的问题是什么?B的观点是什么?

4,鉴于每段都会出细节题,如果有词汇题等先只看一句话,做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章,鉴于有四个选项,选一个对的或者不对的,看的时候自己要边看边总结,比如总结出三个步骤,解释了三个方面的问题,或者其他。

5,检查,每个不确定的题都做记录,如果用心理解全文,一般能省下时间检查。

托福阅读做题策略介绍

词汇题、句子简化题:只读该句不读完整段;

主旨题:看每段的主旨句即可;

修辞目的题:推测作者举例意图,查看上下句;

句子插入题:分析具体待插入的句子,代入验证即可;

细节题,排除列举题:确定关键词,查看上下句;

推断题:作者明确暗示确并没有具体写出的意图,推测关键句;

指代题:分析指代句的特征,主要根据就近原则查看上文。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:美国西部的沃土

托福阅读长难句实例

The West had plenty of attractions: the alluvial river bottoms, the fecund soils of the rolling forest lands, the black loams of the prairies were tempting to New England farmers working their rocky, sterile land and to southeastern farmers plagued with soil depletion and erosion.

句子分析

这句话对于不少同学来说看起来有点晕,主要困惑有两个:第一就是找不清楚句子的谓语动词,第二则是冒号后的主语怎么这么长?其实这句话由冒号引起了两个分句,后一句是前一句的补充,前一句的谓语动词是had,而后一句的谓语动词部分是were tempting to表示对……有吸引力。冒号后出现了多个并列主语使得这句话的主语很长,面对这样长的主语,大家只要抓住关键名词就好,分别是river bottom,soils和loams,它们对新英格兰农民和东南部农民有吸引力。当然,本句最后对这两类农民又加以了修饰,分别是working... (在……耕作的新英格兰农民)和plagued with...(受到……困扰的东南部农民)。

单词回顾

这句话从词汇上看,难度在于出现了一些同学可能不认识的与地质有关的单词,比如:alluvial表示冲积的,fecund表示肥沃的,和后面的sterile(贫瘠的)正好是一对反义词,prairies指的是大草原,而soil depletion则说的是土地耗损,erosion指的是土地侵蚀。最后提下be plagued with这个词组表示“受到……的困扰(折磨)”,可以用在写作中,比如:He was plagued with ill health throughout his short life. 在短暂一生中,他遭受着疾病的折磨。

句子翻译

最后来看看整句话的翻译理解吧,“西部吸引人的地方很多:冲击的河床,绵延不断森林里肥沃的土壤,大草原上黑色的肥土,这些都吸引着在布满岩石又贫瘠土地上耕作的新英格兰农民们和饱受土壤耗损和土壤侵蚀困扰的东南部农民们。”

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:玛雅人建造水库

托福阅读长难句实例

The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions, or modified natural depressions, and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs, which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season.

句子分析

本句主要是在做解释,这个解释是通过is之后that引导的表语从句来展开。在这个从句中有多个谓语动词并列出现,分别是:excavated, modified, plugged up,这些动作的实施都是为了in order to后面表达的目的,即create reservoirs,最后which引导的非限定性定语从句,修饰前面的名词reservoirs。

这句话句简题的正确答案应该是选项A. Southern Maya populations obtained the water they needed for the dry season by collecting and storing rainwater in sealed depressions. (玛雅南部地区的居民通过堵住缝隙的低地来收集和储存雨水,以备旱季之用。)我们来看看其他几个错误答案的原因:选项B. The Maya are credited with creating methods for modifying natural rainwater and storing it. 其中的modifying natural rainwater是原句所没有提到的;选项C. Leaks in the karst caused difficulties in the creation of reservoirs, which were needed to store water for the dry season. 其中leaks in the karst这个问题在原句中已经通过涂上灰泥得到了解决,所以不存在困难;选项D. Southern Mayans were more successful at collecting rain than storing it during dry seasons. 其中more successful的比较在原句中没有提到。

单词回顾

depression本意是“沮丧;萧条”,在这里表示“低地”。

excavate depressions指的是“挖掘低地”。

modify本意是“修改”,在这里说的是“改造自然的低地”。

plug up leaks指的是“堵住漏水的地方”。

karst是大家所熟悉的一种地貌,叫“喀斯特地貌”,具有溶蚀力的水对可溶性岩石(大多为石灰岩)进行溶蚀等作用所形成的地貌。

catchment basins指的是“集水盆地”。

plaster作名词,表示“石膏“,作动词,表示”涂以灰泥” ,

比如:His broken leg was encased in plaster. 他骨折的腿被打上了石膏。

句子翻译

有一种解释是玛雅人挖掘或者改造自然的低地,然后通过在低地底部涂上灰泥来堵住喀斯特地貌所造成的漏水地方,这样做可以建立水库,而这些水库可以收集来自抹了灰泥的大型集水盆地的雨水并储存起来,以备旱季所用。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:英国电视委员会

托福阅读长难句实例

The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for “misleadingness” —creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.

句子分析

本句主干部分的谓语动词是...has criticized...,主语是The Independent Television Commission,而regulator of ...则作为同位语,是对主语的补充说明。破折号之间的creating a wrong impression...是现在分词作后置定语,修饰前面的misleadingness。最后that引导的定语从句,修饰前面的techniques。

单词回顾

regulator这里表示“监管机构”。

criticize sb. for sth. 指“为了某事批评某人”,比如:He criticized me for not finishing the work in time. 他因我未及时完成工作而批评我。

intentionally表示“有意地”,名词为intention。

in an effort to表示“努力想……”,类似effort的用法,还有make every effort 表示“尽一切努力”,spare no effort表示“不遗余力”。

句子翻译

监管英国电视广告的独立电视委员会批评广告商们的误导行为——有意或无意地给人创造了一种错误印象,委员会还努力控制广告商们利用技巧,因为通过技巧处理之后的广告会使得儿童很难判断玩具的真实尺寸、功能、 性能和构造。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:荷兰农业危机

托福阅读长难句实例

However, what is astonishing about this is not that Dutch agriculture was affect ed by critical phenomena such as a decrease in sales and production, but the fact that the crisis appeared only relatively late in Dutch agriculture.

句子分析

本句的主语是what is astonishing about this的主语从句。第一个that引导的从句在be动词后,叫作表语从句,第二个that引导的从句是同位语从句,解释说明the fact。本句还有一个重要阅读结构是A is not B,but C,这个结构的阅读重点靠后,也就是针对A的重点是C后面的内容,即the fact that the crisis appeared only relatively late in Dutch agriculture。

单词回顾

astonishing作形容词,表示“令人吃惊的”,比如:an astonishing achievement 惊人的成就。

be affected by表示“受到……的影响”,可以借鉴到写作中,通常表示受到不太好事情的影响,比如:How will the tax affect people on low income? 这项税收会如何影响低收入人士?

critical作形容词,表示“批评的;爱挑剔的”,比如:Pat is always very critical of her son’s appearance. 帕特对儿子的外表总是很挑剔。critical还可以表示“重要的”,比如:Parental attention is critical to the child’s socialization. 父母的关注对孩子适应社会是很重要的。在本句中critical表示“危险的”,critical phenomena说的是“危险的现象”。

relatively这个副词是托福阅读词汇题所考查过的单词,表示“相对而言地”,与“comparatively”和“correspondingly”意思相近。

句子翻译

然而,令人吃惊的并不是荷兰受到销量和产量下降等危险现象的影响,而是这样的事实:这些危机在荷兰农业中出现地相对比较晚。

篇8:托福独立写作需要什么样的思路

把握好托福独立写作重要的因素

托福独立作文最重要的因素是什么?当然是论点和论证。一篇好的作文,论点可以提纲挈领,论证可以丰富文章内容。

由于考试时间的限制,很多英语程度好的学生也会出现一些问题。比如说一个学生对作文的论点言之凿凿,但就是写不出东西,或是写不出令自己满意的句子。所以,上考场前,脑中一定要装一些东西,好的例子,好的句子等。

这里强调论据的重要性,不是忽视逻辑和论点的重要性。相反,只要你能够掌握一些万能的论据,对你谋划全篇的结构,以及段落发展,是有好处的。

论据的准备也可以称为素材,可以多去亦鸥看看小伙伴们的写作,这种素材可以是一个短语,一个人名,或是一个完整的例子。这种例子能够辅佐你的乱点,能够画龙点睛。

仿写也是提高作文的一大法宝,可以找到亦鸥考友们的高分作文来进行仿写。仿写的目的是提升语言,不求语言华丽,但求语言要地道。

把握好托福独立写作写作思路

怎样发展成为一篇逻辑性很强的文章呢?下面为大家介绍一些实战做法:

1.首先应该审题,尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。

比如:Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ,我们自然想到用他因法。

2.其次用20秒的时间,整理脑中所有能用的素材,让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架,然后开始确定段落的论点。

3.把握好过渡词的使用,和适当的论述方法完善你的作文,使之成为一个逻辑整体。

论述方法:条件(假设)法,比如:if 我按照论点那样做,就能cause siginificant effects,除了用if,还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。

4.尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。

形式主语,主动,被动,动名词To do作主语,倒装句,there be,以及强调句等等。特别强调一点,为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见,要使用逻辑连接词。

写作能力

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提升托福写作能力 需要的不仅仅是思路(精选8篇)

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