托福阅读答题时间不足如何提升效率

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下面是小编收集整理的托福阅读答题时间不足如何提升效率(共含10篇),仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“千秋”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。

托福阅读答题时间不足如何提升效率

篇1:托福阅读答题时间不足如何提升效率

托福阅读答题时间不足如何提升效率?迅速答题2个实用小技巧分享

托福阅读时间不足是普遍问题

很多托福考生都说,也许在托福阅读中,最影响人的实力发挥的恐怕就是要求55分钟内做完50道阅读题。托福阅读不同于CET4,CET6,与高考也是有区别的,因为这些都是大约4-5篇阅读,20题,而且这些考试都没有要求做完没门考试所用的时间。因此很多同学在一开始做托福阅读的时候,十分不适应托福阅读的时间限制,有的人甚至在考前都没有克服这个问题。

托福阅读省时提速技巧分享

1. 只看首句

1 即先阅读文章的首段前4行,注意这里不是前2行,因为现在很多文章首句通常是由专业名词组成或者是一些习语组成,大多数中国学生只知道看完首句,然后他们就崩溃了,因为专业词汇和习惯用语一次性将他们打懵。因此这里建议首先读完前4行来了解文章主题方向。

2. 直接做题

然后在题中找关键词回到原文进行点查。不过这里点查也是有技巧的。第一题通常是文章的主题题,跳过不做,放到最后来做,其他的很多试题都是标记了行号或者可以通过特殊字符来辨认,比如数字,大写字母,拼写十分怪异的单词等等,当一道题没有这些标示的时候要通过邻近的其他试题来定位本题在原文中的位置。

托福考试阅读理解模拟试题及答案

A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate unsureness or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversant's tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.

Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The function of the voice in performance

(B) The connection between voice and personality

(C) Communication styles

(D) The production of speech

2. What does the author mean by stating that, “At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen” (lines 9-10)?

(A) Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are.

(B) The tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words.

(C) A high tone of voice reflects an emotional communication.

(D) Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas.

3. The word “Here” in line 10 refers to

(A) interpersonal interactions

(B) the tone

(C) ideas and feelings

(D) words chosen

4. The word “derived获得” in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) discussed

(B) prepared

(C) registered 记录,登记,注册

(D) obtained

5. Why does the author mention “artistic, political, or pedagogic communication” in line 17?

(A) As examples of public performance

(B) As examples of basic styles of communication

(C) To contrast them to singing

(D) To introduce the idea of self-image

6. According to the passage , an exuberant tone of voice, may be an indication of a person's

(A) general physical health

(B) personality

(C) ability to communicate

(D) vocal quality

7. According to the passage , an overconfident front may hide

(A) hostility

(B) shyness

(C) friendliness

(D) strength

8. The word “drastically激烈地” in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) frequently

(B) exactly

(C) severely

(D) easily

9. The word “evidenced表明” in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(A) questioned

(B) repeated

(C) indicated

(D) exaggerated 夸大,夸张

10. According to the passage , what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?

(A) lethargy

(B) depression

(C) boredom

(D) anger

答案:

BBADA BBCCD

托福考试阅读真题回忆

Passage One

学科分类:Economy

题目: England’s Economy in sixteenth century

文章原题:

England’s Economy in sixteenth century

In the last half of the sixteenth century England emerged as a commercial and manufacturing power in Europe due to a combination of demographic, agricultural and industrial factors. The population of England and Wales grew rapidly from about 2.5million in the 1520s to more than 3.5 million in 1580, reaching about 4.5 million in 1610.Reduced mortality rates and increased fertility, the latter probably generated by expanding work opportunities in manufacturing and farming (leading to earlier marriage and morechildren), explained this rapid rise in population. While epidemics and plagueoccasionally took their toll, the people in England still suffered less than did those in continental Europe. Furthermore, the country had been pulled out of the war that occurredin France and central Europe during the same period. England provides the prominent example of the expansion of agricultural production well before the general Europeanagricultural revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A larger population stimulated the increased woollen through crop civilization. English agriculture becamemore efficient and market-oriented than almost anywhere else on the continent. Between 1450 and 1640 the yield of grain per acre increased by at least thirty percent. In sharp contrast with farming in Spain, English land owners brought more dense marshes and woodlands into cultivation.

The great land estates of the English society largely remained intact and many wealthy land owners aggressively increased the size of their holdings, a precondition for increasedproductivity. Marriages between the children of landowners also increased the size of landestates. Primogeniture (the full inheritance of land by the eldest son) helped prevent land from being subdivided. Younger sons of independent land owners left the family and went to find other respective locations. Larger farms contributed more to commercialized farming at the time when an expanding population pushed up demand and prices.Farmland owners turned part of their land into pasture land for sheep in order to adapt to developing woollen trade.

Some of the great land owners as well as Yeomen (farmers whose holdings and security of land tenure guaranteed their prosperity and status), organized their holdings in the interest efficiency. Many farmers selected crops for sales in growing London market. In their quest for greater profits, many land owners put their squeeze on their tenants. Between 1580 and 1620 land lords raised rents and altered conditions of land tenure in their favor, preferring shorter phases and forcing tenants to pay an entry fee before agreeing to rent them land. Landlords evicted those who could not afford annual, more onerous terms. But they also pushed tenants toward more productive farming methods, including crop rotation. England's exceptional economic development also drew the country's natural resources,including iron, timber, and coal, extracted in far greater quantity than elsewhere in thecontinent. New industrial development expanded the production of iron and pewter in and around the city of Birmingham.

But above all textile manufacturing transformed English economy. Woolens, which accounted for eighty percent of the exports, worsteds (sturdy yarn spun from combed woolfibers), and other cloth found eager buyers in England as well as in the continent.Moreover, late in the sixteenth century as English merchants began making forays across the Atlantic these textiles were also sold in the Americas. Cloth manufacturers undercut production by urban craftspeople by “putting out” work to the villages and farms of thecountryside. In such domestic industry poor rural women could spin and make cading (combing fibers in preparation for spin) in their homes.

The English textile trade was closely tied to Antwerp, in the Spanish Netherlands, where workers dyed English cloth. The entrepreneur Sir Thomas Gresham became England's representative there. He so enhanced the reputation of English business in that region that English merchants could operate on credit---the most prominent achievement for sixteenth century. He also advised the government to explore the economic possibilities ofAmericas, which led to the first concerted efforts at colonization, undertaken withcommercial profits in mind.

Paragraph 1

In the last half of the sixteenth century England emerged as a commercial and manufacturing power in Europe due to a combination of demographic, agricultural and industrial factors. The population of England and Wales grew rapidly from about 2.5million in the 1520s to more than 3.5 million in 1580, reaching about 4.5 million in 1610.Reduced mortality rates and increased fertility, the latter probably generated by expanding work opportunities in manufacturing and farming (leading to earlier marriage and morechildren), explained this rapid rise in population. While epidemics and plagueoccasionally took their toll, the people in England still suffered less than did those in continental Europe. Furthermore, the country had been pulled out of the war that occurred in France and central Europe during the same period.

1. The word “generated” in the passage is closest in meaning to

? Produced

? Strengthened

? followed

? dominated

2. The word “furthermore” in the passage is closest in meaning to

? however

? in addition

? similarly

? in general

3. All of the following are mentioned in Paragraph 1 as developments that led to England's emergence as a commercial and manufacturing power EXCEPT

? rapid population growth

? an increase in the number of jobs

? a trend toward earlier marriages

? an end to epidemics and a plague

Paragraph 2

England provides the prominent example of the expansion of agricultural production wellbefore the general European agricultural revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A larger population stimulated the increased woollen through crop civilization. English agriculture became more efficient and market-oriented than almost anywhere elseon the continent. Between 1450 and 1640 the yield of grain per acre increased by at leastthirty percent. In sharp contrast with farming in Spain, English land owners brought more dense marshes and woodlands into cultivation.

4. Why does the author mention that “English land owners brought more dense marshes and woodlands into cultivation” ?

? To give an example of a way in which the English increased agricultural production

? To emphasize the influence of English agriculture on the agriculture of other Europeancountries

? To emphasize that Spanish agriculture needed to improve their farming methods

? To discuss an intended consequence of crop specialization

Paragraph 3

The great land estates of the English society largely remained intact and many wealthy land owners aggressively increased the size of their holdings, a precondition for increasedproductivity. Marriages between the children of landowners also increased the size of landestates. Primogeniture (the full inheritance of land by the eldest son) helped prevent land from being subdivided. Younger sons of independent land owners left the family and went to find other respective locations. Larger farms were conducive more to commercialized farming at the time when an expanding population pushed up demand and prices.Farmland owners turned part of their land into pasture land for sheep in order to adapt to developing woollen trade.

5. The phrase “conducive to” in the passage is closest in meaning to

? a result of

? favorable to

? able to

? expanded to

6. According to paragraph 3 why did wealthy land owners increase the size of the land theyowned?

? To avoid the necessity of arranged marriages between their children and the children of other land owners

? To ensure that there were enough land to divide between their older and younger sons

? To increase the number of goods that their farms produced

? To provide more jobs for members of the colony

7. Why does the author mention that farmland owners turned part of their land into pasture land for sheep?

? To explain why the younger sons of land owners had to leave the family land and find other jobs

? To provide an example of a way in which large farms were eager to improve theirbusiness

? To explain how the practice of primogeniture worked

? To describe a strategy land owners used to give their lands from being subdivided.

Paragraph 4

Some of the great land owners as well as Yeomen (farmers whose holdings and security of land tenure guaranteed their prosperity and status), organized their holdings in the interest efficiency. Many farmers selected crops for sales in growing London market. In their quest for greater profits, many land owners put their squeeze on their tenants. Between 1580 and 1620 land lords raised rents and altered conditions of land tenure in their favor, preferring shorter phases and forcing tenants to pay an entry fee before agreeing to rent them land. Landlords evicted those who could not afford annual, more onerous terms. But they also pushed tenants toward more productive farming methods, including crop rotation.

8. The word “quest” in the passage is closest in meaning to

? organization

? exchange

? search

? argument

9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 4 as a way that English landlords tried to increase the efficiency of their farms?

? encouraging the use of methods as crop rotation

? selecting crops on the basis of demand in the London market

? increasing rents and reducing the length of phases

? hiring Yeomen to work on their farms instead of relying on tenants

Paragraph 5

England's exceptional economic development also drew the country's natural resources,including iron, timber, and coal, extracted in far greater quantity than elsewhere in thecontinent. New industrial development expanded the production of iron and pewter in and around the city of Birmingham.

10. The word “exceptional ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

? predictable

? initial

? extraordinary

? complex

Paragraph 6

But above all textile manufacturing transformed English economy. Woolens, which accounted for eighty percent of the exports, worsteds (sturdy yarn spun from combed woolfibers), and other cloth found eager buyers in England as well as in the continent.Moreover, late in the sixteenth century as English merchants began making forays across the Atlantic these textiles were also sold in the Americas. Cloth manufacturers undercut production by urban craftspeople by “putting out” work to the villages and farms of thecountryside. In such domestic industry poor rural women could spin and make cading (combing fibers in preparation for spin) in their homes.

11. Select TWO answer choices that according to paragraph 6 indicate changes that occurred in the English economy.

To receive credit you must select two answer choices.

? The textile trade products became more profitable than manufacturing them.

? Local sales of textile products increased by eighty percent.

? English textile merchants expanded their markets inside and outside England.

? Part of English cloth manufacturing moved to rural areas.

Paragraph 7

The English textile trade was closely dyed to Antwerp, in the Spanish Netherlands, where workers died English cloth. ■The entrepreneur Sir Thomas Gresham became England'srepresentative there. ■ He so enhanced the reputation of English business in that region that English merchants could operate on credit---the most prominent achievement forsixteenth century. ■ He also advised the government to explore the economic possibilitiesof Americas, which led to the first concerted efforts at colonization, undertaken with commercial profits in mind. ■

12. Which of the following statements about merchants during the sixteenth century can be inferred from the information in paragraph 7?

? Most merchant activity at this time was controlled by Spain.

? The textile market was less profitable for merchants than were other areas of trade.

? Merchants from different countries in Europe rarely operated in the same regions.

? During this period most European merchants did not operate on credit.

13. Look at the four squares [■ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

In addition to this achievement in Antwerp, Gresham convinced the government at home in England to authorize actions that would make trading in the rest of Europe even more profitable for English merchants.

Where would the sentence best fit?

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summarybecause they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

In the last half of sixteenth century England emerged as a commercial and manufacturing power in Europe.

Answer Choices

1. It is somewhat surprising that England was able to expand its economy during the sixteenth century because its neighbors were involved in many wars during this period.

2. In order to make more money England nobles acquired more land, pushed for more efficient farming methods, and introduced new land tenure conditions.

3. Two England's economic strengths are its use of natural resources, and its textile manufacturing, which found increased markets at home as well in Europe and in theAmericas.

4. England experienced an agricultural revolution much earlier than the rest of Europe and agriculture became more efficient and market-oriented.

5. Many of the changes that land owners made to land renting rules not only made their lands more profitable but also made a life for their peasants.

6. Though he was a successful ambassador to the Spanish Netherlands, Thomas Gresham was unable to convince the English government to start colonies in America.

答案:A、B、D、A、B、 C、B、C、D、C、CD、D、C、BCD

Passage Two

学科分类:Biology

题目:蝴蝶翅膀的作用

内容回忆:

蝴蝶的翅膀可以用来帮助它们躲避捕食者的捕猎。主要有三种形式:伪装色,警告色以及恐吓色。

第一段引出了蝴蝶翅膀的纹路有三种形式来影响捕食者,特别是通过视觉来捕猎的动物。

第二段详细介绍了伪装色的作用,举例说明了蝴蝶翅膀会伪装成周围树林、水流等颜色。

第三段详细介绍了警告色的使用,有些蝴蝶翅膀的样式会告诉捕食者自己的不可食用性。

第四段详细介绍了恐吓色的作用,大多以眼睛的样式展现,告诉捕食者该物种的体型等,产生错觉。

第五段进一步阐述了恐吓色的应用。

词汇题:

1. virtually = almost completely

2. startled = surprised

3. disrupt = disturb

4. rudimentary = simple

Passage Three

学科分类:Biology

题目:松树和火灾防御

内容回忆:

一种松树会自动脱落靠地面比较近的树枝。因为这些树的树叶中饱含着树枝resin,在火灾爆发时,火很容易从地面通过这些靠近地面的树枝,顺着燃烧,引燃整棵树。所以为了避免这种情况,树木会自动脱落靠近地面的树枝。

在森林火灾发生之后,这种树比起其它树也能更快地从火灾中恢复过来。这种树在树龄很小的时候就可以开始繁殖,而在火灾后的一段时间里,会不断的繁殖。因为不知道下一场火灾什么时候会发生。

这种松树的树皮也也能帮助规避火灾带来的伤害,因为树皮很松,火一烧树皮就会自动脱落,这样火就不能顺着树皮往上燃烧。

这种树的种子非常的坚硬,只有红松鼠会以它的种子为食,但是红松鼠也不是特别喜欢吃,因为太坚硬了。种子能够忍受很高的温度,并能够长时间地保存,在适宜的时候发芽。

篇2:托福阅读如何提升学习效率呢

托福阅读如何提升学习效率?3个高分策略方法介绍

托福阅读提升备考效率:解题训练

一直以来排除法恐怕是大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上这种方法具有致命的缺点:干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后,就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案,然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐 养成和加强,决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。

托福阅读提升备考效率:托福阅读词汇

从某种意义上来讲,词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上),纵然你有“葵花宝典”在手,也只能命丧ETS的“毒招”之下。所以,以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比的“五毒散”。

托福阅读提升备考效率:阅读技巧

TOEFL的阅读量非常大,一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完,所谓的“扫读法”、“跳读法”和“略读法”也只能适用于少数类型的文章,根本不能解决本质问题。那么,文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话,主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能像一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息,而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位,主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物,文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨 ,而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练,考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样,通过阅读文章的几处关键部位,就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系,也就解决了问题的70%。

以上就是小编为大家介绍的托福阅读提升备考效率需要做的3件事,还在为自己学习效率低而发愁的同学赶紧来学习了解一下吧。

托福阅读长难句:冰川

今天我们来看这样一个句子:

The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice—which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles—and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (53, OG)

penetrate /'penɪtreɪt/ v. 进入或穿过某物;充满,遍布

compact /kəm'pækt/ v. 将(某物)紧压在一起

我是分界线,先自己分析哦。

The ice shelf cores, (with a total length of 215 meters(705 feet)),were long enough (to penetrate through glacial ice)—(which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles)—and (to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice) (formed from seawater)(tha tfreezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. )

分析:

大家可以发现,我把句子拆短了之后,就容易理解多了。请大家仔细看我的分析。

修饰一: (with a total length of 215 meters(705 feet)),介词短语,修饰the iceshelf cores,修饰成分一般放后面哦

中文:总长为215米(705英尺)

修饰二:(to penetrate through glacial ice),非谓语动词

中文:穿透冰川冰

修饰三:(which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles),从句,修饰glacial ice,修饰成分一般放后面哦

中文:由压缩的雪形成的并包含气泡

修饰四:(to continue into the clear,bubble-free ice),非谓语动词

中文:继续进入清澈的、没有气泡的冰

修饰五:(formed from seawater) ,非谓语动词,修饰the clear, bubble-free ice

中文:由海水形成

修饰六:(that freezes onto the bottom ofthe glacial ice.) ,从句,修饰seawater

中文:凝固在冰川冰底部

主干:括号外面的,The iceshelf cores were long enough,主和谓语中间被解词短语with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet)隔开了,大家要注意

参考翻译:

总长为215米(705英尺)的冰架核已足以穿透(由压缩的雪形成的并包含气泡)的冰川冰,随后穿透清澈的、没有气泡的冰,这些冰是由凝固在冰川冰底部的海水形成的。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语、非谓语动词、从句,大家务必想清楚,每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么,才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读长难句:波利尼西亚人

今天我们来看这样一个句子:

Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. (46, TPO5)

maroon /mə'ruːn/ v. 放逐到无人岛上,使孤立

adrift /ə'drɪft/ adj. 漂流的,漂泊的

feat /fiːt/ n. 功绩,伟业

deliberate /dɪ'lɪbərət/ adj. 故意的,刻意的

set out 从某地出发

stock v. 贮备,贮存

domesticate /də'mɛstɪket/ v. 驯养(动物等)

我是分界线,先自己分析哦。

Contrary to the arguments of some (that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift), it seems reasonable (that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions (that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. ) )

分析:

修饰一:(that much of thepacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift),从句,修饰arguments

中文:波利尼西亚人是在偶尔迷失和漂流被困住而定居在大部分太平洋地区

修饰二:在上一个从句里还有一个省略的从句(after being lost and adrift) =(after Polynesians were lost and adrift)

修饰三:(that set outfully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. ),从句,修饰expeditions,注意这里(fully stocked with food and domesticated plants andanimals. ),非谓语动词修饰set out

中文:出发时充分贮存了食物和被驯化动植物

主干:大家注意,(that this feat wasaccomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stockedwith food and domesticated plants and animals.), it seems reasonable中的 it指代这个从句,真正的主语是这个从句

参考翻译:

和某些人的观点相反,这些观点认为波利尼西亚人是在偶尔迷失和漂流被困住而定居在大部分太平洋地区,另外一种观点似乎更加合理,认为这些功绩是通过故意的并且出发时充分贮存了食物和被驯化动植物的殖民探险来实现的。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是非谓语动词和从句,大家务必想清楚,每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么,才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

篇3:托福阅读如何提升学习效率

托福阅读如何提升学习效率?3个方法让你进步更快

高频词汇的整理

如果想要把自己的阅读速度提升,其中有一个最要的因素即为词汇。在大家备考托福过程中一个词汇也在经历不断累积的过程,而在积累词汇过程中考生要学着整理这些词汇,特别是针对那些最容易在阅读文章里出现的高频词汇一定要多做归纳整理,再针对这些词汇出现的语言环境提升掌握能力,如此一来大家对阅读词汇的了解也会提升。

提升句型和语法

大家在做托福练习的过程中能够感觉到许多语法内容知识点都已完全融入到了阅读和听力的一些题目中。想要应对好这些题目,最关键的是好句子的结构分析。提升句子结构,就是指将主谓宾结构部分和定状补修饰成分准确把握。做到这一点看上去简单,但实际处理时却仍有一定难度。特别是当考生处理一些长难句复杂句时,如何完全分析出句型结构也需要针对练习,而阅读速度则能在这些练习中获得提升。

快速阅读的方法

在阅读的过程中大部分同学都会出现一个问题:自己在词汇和语法上都是有基础的,但想要提升阅读速度却会变得一场困难。假如你也有这种问题,那么小编建议你可以去调整一下自己的阅读方法了。大多数考生在阅读时,都有先看完文章完全理解后再开始答题的习惯,而这种做法很容易造成考试时间的紧张。在此小编需要提醒大家,托福考试作为一门语言考试,考察最重要的还是大家的答题能力,而不是阅读能力。所以,考生不需要清晰地把全文的每一个细节都彻底了解。小编建议大家的阅读理解方式是,首先仔细阅读文章段落的第1、2句,把握住段落主旨大意,然后快速浏览其余部分。通过这样的方式阅读,既能加快阅读速度,又能让大家对文章的结构思路更有把握。

托福阅读句间的因果关系该如何掌握

在托福官方指南的第37页,候选人需要掌握的四个主要结构都是清楚的。他们是:

? classification

? comparison/contrast

? cause/effect

? problem/solution

以最后一个“问题/解决方案”为例,了解官方指南中的要求如何反映在托福练习题中。

其中一项官方演习是关于“罗马军队对英国的影响”。倒数第二个标题是句子插入问题。插入的句子是在“One solution was to keep them busy as sources of labor.”这句话的开头“solution”一词暗示着前文定会提到需要解决的”problem ”,而这一线索也成为答对这道题的关键。这些主题背后的测试点基本上是对句子之间关系的把握。所谓的问题类型正在发生变化,关系不变。

因此,根据官方指南,本文结合实际测试要求,重点关注阅读测试中三大句子之间的关系,并希望激发准备考试的学生。

句子间关系1——因果关系

(托福阅读问题包括:细节/修辞问题/推理/句子插入问题)

整个托福阅读中的因果关系非常高;有一个统计数据显示,在TOEFL的官方实践问题中,细节中的因果关系比例高达三分之一。因此,无论是从考试的角度,还是为了提高阅读力本身,掌握句子之间因果关系的表现是非常重要的。

以许多学生熟悉的“剧院的起源”为例。有一个细节问题,询问候选人为什么会在那时逐渐放弃“仪式”;在定位词出现的句子中,我们很容易看到句子开头有一个短语叫“作为结果”;根据标题要求,答案来源应在前一句中。只要你能识别“分离”这个词,候选人仍然可以更顺利地选择正确的答案。

有许多短语带有因果线索,例如“作为结果”,并且在写作时它们可以派上用场,所以提醒候选人他们必须做得很好。例如,短语“属性X到Y”在官方练习题中出现了三次,并且是确定候选人是否可以阅读该文章的基本词汇。

同样,在推理问题中,我们也可以使用共同的因果关联词来找到推理的方向;官方教学大纲还明确指出,推理问题将“给出结论,让候选人推理推理结论”。在官方演习中,题为“恐龙的灭绝”的文章有一个非常典型的推理问题。根据该段最后一句开头的“So”,候选人可以解释问题的突破并将其锁定在前一句中。当然,推理问题与详细问题有本质区别,需要根据文章进行适当扩展。当然,推理问题也可以让候选人在文本中发布某些信息的影响,但是“推动结果”的比例没有“推动理由”,所以有必要在合理的时间内分配时间准备。

因果关系在修辞学的话题中有明确的修辞模式。候选人必须学会用同理心思考。作者为什么要解释段落中的“原因”?没有什么只是解释相应的事情。相反,作者为什么要提到“结果”,以便告诉读者相关事物的影响。此外,还有一个不容忽视的信号。在最新的官方演习中,因果关系在修辞问题中越来越隐含。这无疑是候选人的建议,未来的考试也不会有明确的相关词汇。但仍在研究因果关系。

最后让我们看看三个句子。

例句1

There is a good reason for this.

例句2

This explains their relatively low densities.

例句3

Consequently, the idea that the Ir in the boundary clay came from microscopic meteorites cannot be accepted.

这三个句子是句子插入问题的典型干句。因为这些句子根本没有提及任何新信息,所以它们要么重复要么提供过渡到上下文。例如,例1中的因果关系提醒候选人句子的前一句必须是结果;同时,句子的后一句是相应的原因。通过这种方式,当我们将句子替换成文章时,我们有明确的方向感。出于同样的原因,也可以根据这个想法进行实施例2和实施例3。

托福阅读备考之句子插入题答题技巧

句子插入问题

很多学生会花很长时间在这个话题上,或者花太多时间。主要原因是每个人都没有想出这个主题背后的核心测试点。如果每个人都关注的是使用这句话的意思来判断应该出现在原始段落中的正确位置,那么将会有一半的情况。接下来,让我们讨论解决此类问题的重要思想。

在分析解决问题的思想之前,首先要明确的是,本课题着重于学生对句子与句子之间逻辑关系的掌握和判断。所以这提醒我们的同学,除了注意这句话的意思之外,我们还试图判断这句话与其前后句子之间的逻辑关系,以帮助每个人确定正确的位置。然后,在我们的句子插入问题中,将在测试中测试什么逻辑关系,这里是对其中一个的简单分析。

参考逻辑

在我们的插入问题中,我们经常会遇到这种类型的句子。在句子的前半部分,将出现代词+名词结构。这意味着在前一句中提到代词后面的名词。而且,我们所能做的就是回到最初的段落来找到该术语中出现的句子。但是,这里需要强调的是,在原始段落中很难找到术语本身,因为一般来说,插入句子中代词之后的名词不会复制原始词,但会使用更一般性。名词或同义词,所以我们在原始文本中寻找的是名词的特定内容。找到包含这样一个词汇表的句子,那么你最初可以假设我们的插入应该放在它之后。

我们可以看一下典型参考逻辑的以下示例。

The findings of these geologists inspired others to examine the rock and fossil records in different parts of the world.

Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging: certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent. By following the fossils. Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earth into relative temporal sequence. About the same time, Georges Cuvier made the same discovery while studying the rocks around Paris. Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere.It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna.

根据我们前面的分析我们在这句插入句中找到了两个代词后的名词,这意味着在这句话前面已经提到过了一些地质学家的发现,而且我们需要注意的是这两个名词都是复数。所以我们需要去寻找原文段落中哪里出现了至少两个地质学家的发现,于是我们找到了如下的位置。

Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging: certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent.By following the fossils. Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earth into relative temporal sequence.About the same time, Georges Cuvier made the same discovery while studying the rocks around Paris.Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere.It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna.

所以我们可以判断这个句子最初应该放在红色句子之后,这是第三个黑盒子的位置。这时我们需要做最后的检查。那么我们如何在将句子插入问题的过程中对其进行测试呢?

当插入句子放在黑盒子位置时,我们可以注意插入句子和后面句子之间的含义和逻辑是否也是真的。我们的感叹句的意思是这些地质学家的发现激励了世界各地的人们检查当地的化石和岩石记录。我们的第三个黑匣子背后的句子是人们很快发现,这种动物进化论不仅建立在英国和法国(前面提到过),而且几乎遍布世界各地。因此我们可以发现,在我们的句子中提到的测试当地化石岩石的各个地方的人是最终结论的前提条件,也就是说,插入句必须出现在短语的前面,以便我们可以确定我们的题。您应该选择将其放在第三个黑框中。

通过这个典型的简单难度问题,我们对句子插入问题的测试点和解决问题的想法有所了解,因此我们会发现有时我们不需要完全理解每个单词,如果我们可以捕获如果使用关键字判断它与前一句之间的逻辑关系,然后我们也可以知道它的位置。

当然,引用逻辑只是可以在句子插入问题中采用的几种逻辑关系之一。我希望我们将有机会继续了解有关此类主题的更多信息。

托福阅读能力差怎么办?别让这些原因影响你

练习少,对题目缺乏熟悉度

许多同学把备考托福阅读等同于背单词,因而一天到晚只跟单词书亲近,却不曾正眼看过TPO中的阅读文章。背单词固然重要,毕竟单词不会,文章也无法理解。但是想要提高分数、想要冲刺阅读高分,那我们就必须把TPO阅读文章当作圣经一样来对待。这不只是草草做题对答案了事,更是通过大量做题,来增强自己对于托福阅读出题套路的了解,以期掌握每种题型的应对方案,争取做到读完题之后,能够立刻找到题干中的有效关键词,再迅速回文定位答案。

大家不要觉得题海战术是很笨的方法,多年实践已经证明,它其实是一种很有效率的学习方法,关键在于我们是否能够通过题海战术有所收获,而不是为了做题而做题。

文章结构不够熟悉

特别强调:做完题后,一定要分析每篇文章的文章结构。

为什么呢?因为文章结构大概也就那么几种,见得多了,便就一见如故了。在考场上,我们根本没有时间为了最后一道题而把文章再通读一便。而倘若我们在做题过程中,就能迅速总结出每一段的中心意思,那么这篇文章我们一定会读得更通透,在做每一段相应的题时也就能够提高准确率。而能否迅速总结出段落大意就依赖于平时严格的训练。不要做完了题就万事大吉,把每篇文章充分利用起来,观察它们的结构,多做总结,这样的工作做得多了,必然会有所收获的。

逐字翻译导致读句子的速度慢

很多同学在翻译句子的过程中,都没有一个良好的习惯,只是机械地把所有英文单词的中文意思堆砌起来。

对于简单句来说,这样做其实无可厚非;但是遇到语法结构稍微复杂的句子,这种方法便会立刻失效,于是同学们便会不断重复回看这句话,想要弄清楚它的意思,这样便造成了时间上的极大浪费。所以我们在平时练习过程中需要训练自己养成一个良好的阅读习惯,不要被那些单词牵着走,而要主动地去分析句子结构:句子主语是谁?这个主语怎么了,发生了什么事?谁是修饰成分?谁才是真正的谓语?当我们能够做到读完一句理解一句,相信我们自然就能在要求时间之内答完题了。

5月26日托福阅读真题回忆及参考答案

Passage 1

Topic 生物学

Isolation and Diversification in the Tropical Rainforest

Content Review (重复 .07.10)

热带雨林物种多,那里的植被超过 1000 种,欧洲有 40 种。由于大平原的动物要走很才能寻找到合适的生活地点,热带雨林的动物不能,他们被限制在有限的空间内,所热带雨林物种很多。热带雨林里的屏障阻碍动物们的扩散,描述了如何阻碍。树(canopy)是热带雨树中浓密的树叶和枝干各种交织形成的,动物们很难突破这canopy,只能在最高层的这层 canopy 之下活动,所以无法扩散到外界。所以限制在的植物们就多样化(diversify)。50-70 米是超级高的且喜阳光的树种们为了晒太阳浴拼命生长突破最高 canopy 形成的。因此有种 s 鸟就生活在这里,他们可以去任何地所以列举了三个州有这种鸟,而且种类较少,他们俯瞰着森林。紧接着讲 k 这种树,为突破 canopy 长得高,可以将种子散播更远,于是 south American 都有这种树。

Passage 2

Topic 考古学

The Theories of Megafauna Extinction

Content Review (重复 .08.26,.01.07)

讲的是某一时期哺乳动物大范围灭绝的原因:先说可能是由于气候变化,但是文章后面进 行了否定,因为之前也有气候变化,但是也没有灭绝。然后猜测和人类捕杀有关,但澳 洲等一些地方的考古证明一些灭绝的动物已经和人类和平共处了上千年,而且一些人类 更爱捕杀的动物如 reindeer 反而没有灭绝。最后说人类活动间接导致了这些动物的灭绝。

Passage 3

Topic 生物学

Flightless Bird

Content Review (重复 .01.26, 2018.03.10)

岛屿上退化掉飞行能力的鸟。因为有些鸟住在比较温暖的地方,不用迁徙、食物充足也 没什么捕食者(predator),所以翅膀逐渐退化,最早的 flightless birds 大概出现在恐龙 灭绝之后,其特征有三:

一是有这些鸟吃素,为了能够消化植物,它们的某一个器官需要分泌(secrete)某种细 菌(bacteria)来帮助消化,消化系统就会很重,从而阻碍了它们的飞行。而会飞的鸟很 少吃植物,多以肉为食,它们尽可能要保证自己体重最小。

二是 Flightless birds 的蛋都很大,好处是吸收的营养多,容易生存下来,生出来的小鸟 比较强壮也不容易被捕食者吃掉。举了 Kiwi 和 domesticated hen 两个例子,母鸡的飞行 能力虽然也退化了,但还是能够飞起来一点点的,而 Kiwi 的蛋要比鸡蛋大很多,它在体 内有蛋的时候无法像 hen 一样飞那么远。

三是 flightless birds 进化出了可以叼住食物的喙,很多动物进化出了手而鸟没有,但是 有些鸟也进化出了类似于手的东西(claw)可以 capture preys。

Passage 4

Topic 历史学

The Rise of Florence

Content Review (重复 2016.07.16,2018.09.15)

第一段描写佛罗伦萨的崛起,虽然相比于意大利其他城市佛罗伦萨发展得较晚,但最终 赶超了它的竞争对手(overtook its rivals),原因是什么呢?

第二段从制造业的角度分析佛罗伦萨的崛起:中世纪原有的制造业依靠工匠大师们 (master craftsmen)在小作坊里共同劳作,成品交由商人(merchants)拿去买卖。这种传统 的制造业模式在中世纪后期发生了两大变革:首先,出现了一种新型企业家(a new breed of entrepreneur),他们同时掌控制造环节和销售环节——他们在欧洲各大城市成立自己 的销售点,并且大量买进制造作坊,聘请管理者运营。而佛罗伦萨正好在这一变革中走 在决定性的前列(took the decisive lead)。

第三段指出制造业的第二个变革是相关银行业的发展,佛罗伦萨仍然走在这一变革的前 列。在佛罗伦萨出现了银行担保人(guarantors)、信贷和各种财务会计服务(financial and accounting services),使得新型企业家能够顺利高效地进行制造生产和贸易销售。

第四段说到技术的进步也推动了佛罗伦萨的经济繁荣:造纸技术的出现、阿拉伯数字的 采用、机械钟表的使用(mechanical clocks)和复式记账法(double-entry bookkeeping)的 发明等,这些都提高了生产组织的效率,推动了经济繁荣

第五段讲佛罗伦萨高度发展的教育,培养出了大量的精通数字和银行业务的专业人员; 此外,佛罗伦萨实行共和政体,全民参与政府事务,通过工匠联盟形成行会(guilds)管理 制造业,所以没有形成大家族垄断经济的恶果。

Passage 5

Topic 生物学

Polar Bear

Content Review (重复 2017.11.04)

文章介绍了北极熊和它捕食的海豹(seals)北极熊是经过很长时间才进化成现在这个在 极端天气下也能生存的样子。北极熊的生存一方面受限于需要很大的 ice land,一方面又 需要很多很多的 seal。用了 black brown bear 和一种稍微小一点的 bear 来说明所有的 bear 都需要大量的肉类摄入来维持能量。北极熊只能捕大只动物的原因:植物不能提供 足够的 energy,寻找植物的时候会消耗更多的能量。另外文章将 seal 和一种更大的 seal 进行比较,一只更大的 seal 能够抵得上三四只一般的 seal。

词汇题:

1. mundane=ordinary普通的

2. drastically=extremely非常

3. substantially=massively大量地

4. segregate=separate分离

5. facilitate=make easier使容易

6. estimate=calculate approximately估计

7. eventually=ultimately最终

8. proponent=supporter支持者

9. inevitably=unavoidably不可避免地

10. refined=improved改善

11. revert=back to回到...上

12. rival=competitor对手

13. prosperous=thriving繁荣的

14. speculate= puts forward as a possibility 假设

15. promote=encourage促进

16. swift=fast快速的

17. rigid=stiff僵硬的

18. inadvertently=unintentionally非故意地

19. gradually=slowly逐渐的

20. diverse=varied多样的

21. compensated=made up for补偿

22. refuge=protected庇护

23. critically=dangerously危急地

24. decisive=determining决定性的

25. apparent=seeming表面的

26. submerged=put under water淹没

27. occasionally=sometimes偶尔地

篇4:托福阅读时间不足如何解决?

托福阅读时间不足如何解决?3个快速读文章方法步骤了解一下

第一步:提速从开头段开始

花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子,定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为18分钟,但是有的文章不需要这么多时间便可以轻松对付,有的文章则需要额外多花一点时间。

一般来说,3篇文章的难度是有差别的,比方说:如果最后一篇文章难度较大,在这种情况下,按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题,带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难程度,同时目测文章的含金量(即题量分布),有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。

第二步:把握文章类型结构

所谓结构,即文章的骨架子。托福阅读文章是纯学术体(Academic),是学生在大学里天天都能接触到的教科书风格的文章,这些文章涉及人文社科和自然科学,均议论文、说明文,最显著的特点是呈板块结构。因此考生要做的就是通过大量阅读同类文章学会把握这种学术体类型的文章结构,从而提升对此类文章的熟练度,确保在考试中能够第一时间摸准文章结构找到自己需要重点查看的内容。

第三步:重点看各段落首句

托福阅读文章均由数个自然段组成,正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透,文章首句经常为文章主题。然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读,文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句,没有必要每个句子都精读,这种做法不仅理解难度大,而且不涉及考题,在这些细节部分过多停留无疑是白白浪费时间。大家只需要读完每段第一句知道本段大意,之后的解题有需要的再返回定位找找细节就可以了。

托福阅读长难句练习:当权者妨碍司法

Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories,which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups(these attitudes include,but are not confined to,attitudes toward crime and the law)and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.

=Historians/ such as Le Roy Ladurie/ have used the documents to extract case histories/,which have illuminated the attitudes/ of different social groups/ (these attitudes include/,but are not confined to/,attitudes toward crime and the law)/and have revealed/ how the authorities administered justice/.

#史学家/如Le Roy Ladurie/曾经利用这些文献去提取出个案史/,它们说明了态度/不同社会群体的/(这些态度包括/,但并非局限于/,对犯罪和法律的态度)/,并揭示出/当权者是如何妨碍司法的。

.个句子本来很容易理解,但是在中间用括号加了一个句子,打乱了读者的思路,使句子的难度增加。但是我们知道括号中的内容是补充内容,也就是可有可无,没有它原句仍然成立,所以我们可以跳过括号看全句,读完再看括号中的内容。这个句子如果变成…which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups that include,but are not confined to,attitudes toward crime and the law…难度又增加了,所以有些内容可以跳过,或者存放在脑中的另一部分,不去打扰句子的主要意思。

托福阅读题型:阅读中的指代题答题技巧

这一节按照主从一致的基本标准做3个题目

例一

From early times pots were used in both religious and secular contexts. The imperial court commissioned work and in the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1279-1368) an imperial ceramic factory was established at Jingdezhen. Pots played an important part in some religious ceremonies. Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pots, although these sometimes confuse an already large and complicated picture.

12. The word “these” in the passage refers to(2)

A religious ceremonies

B descriptions

C types of ware

D pots

解析:画线句子中,although必然引导从句,所以these 应和主句的主语一样。主句Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pots,中,因为状语和of之后的后置定语都不是主要,tion又一定是名词后缀。所以tions一定就是主句主语。因此答案是B. 看似很难的题目,很简单就可以得出结论。

例二

Animals need natural periodic signals like sunrise to maintain a cycle whose period is precisely 24 hours. Such an external cue not only coordinates an animal's daily rhythms with particular features of the local solar day but also—because it normally does so day after day-seems to keep the internal clock's period close to that of Earth's rotation.

11. The word “it” in the passage refers to (1)

A an external cue such as sunrise

B the daily rhythm of an animal

C the local solar day

D a cycle whose period is precisely 24 hours

解这个题,同样的道理我们一眼落实到这个句子上了Such an external cue not only coordinates an animal's daily rhythms with particular features of the local solar day but also—because it normally does。。。;it 肯定和主句主语一致。找一下:not only do but also do明显是动词,前面的一定是主语。答案a

例三:语序错乱,一样找

They were designed to be put in places where these beings could manifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritual actions. Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at what was happening in front of it, so that the living performer of the ritual could interact with the divine or deceased recipient. Very often such statues were enclosed in rectangular shrines or wall niches whose only opening was at the front, making it natural for the statue to display frontality. Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, in front of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.

The word “they” in the passage refers to (1)

A statues

B gateways

C temples

D pillared courts

这个题我们应该落实到画线句子。Where引导的从句是必然了。那主句的主语在哪里?我们看到前面有效标点符号或者说,明显界标性质的地方是for instance,而后面不成一句(地点怎么会是一句话呢)所以我们界定这个for instance作为插入语是在影响我们思维的,那么删掉好了。往前找,主语是Other statues,很明显没有跟它争的了:) 因为后面是动词“是”。直接找ABCD里面有Other statues的就好了。

精准定位关键字助你提高托福阅读速度

直对思路

若大家想要轻松的攻克托福阅读的内容,我们必须快速的领悟到托福阅读中的主题思路和脉络。对于很多初入托福阅读练习的学生,往往还是习惯于用之前的高考英语阅读等一些方法,对里面的内容寻找答案,其实,这样的思路并不合理。要知道在托福阅读的文章中,基本所有答案几乎都可以在文章中找到非常明显的对应点。所以,我们大家在答题过程中,我们也要学会领会老外的思维逻辑,不要刻意将题目想的过于复杂化。

清晰定位

当大家做托福阅读练习时,可能在10个人里会有九个会说:时间不够。把原因做个总结,将我们词汇和句型的基础问题除外,阅读方法和技巧也是一个非常重要的环节。针对文章里有的关键词和原文定位,大家依然要讲求直接和细心的。提醒考生在解答托福阅读题时,最常用到的解题方法就是利用题干中出现的关键词回原文定位答案范围,然后根据定位到的内容选出正确答案。

巧用关键字

那么,既然说到了文章的定位,我们又该如何去找到一个定位词呢?其实,找到一个定位词不能过于盲目,只有精确的找到的关键词,才能对之后的答题效率和准确性带来更好的帮助。比如,阅读文章中考查点经常与转折、比较、否定以及因果等这些逻辑有很大的联系,因而考生在定位答案范围时可根据这些重要的考点来进行精确定位。当然,有关技术上的空泛而谈依然是要到真正的考试里,才能让大家体会到其真正的效果,所以,需要提醒大家,对于托福阅读来说,必要的练习量还是不能少的。

托福阅读时间不足如何解决?

篇5:GRE考试提升阅读答题效率

做标记是指在读文章的时候用简单的符号记录所读重点内容,这应该和读文章同步进行,标记可以轻轻做在试卷边缘,也可以另外写在草稿纸上。所标记的主要目的是为了读完选项之后能快速、准确的定位,这个步骤要求读者熟悉常考考点,对应做标记的内容烂熟于胸,这样才能不费时间的给自己下一步的定位作准标记。

新GRE阅读考试提高答题效率方法:读题干、选项

读题干的过程也是个找题干特征的过程,看看题干所述和自己所做标记的内容有没有联系,如果有,则可以直接定位,故定位最主要的基础是题干与标记之间的联系。有时候题干可能没有可以捕捉的特征,这时读者不妨从选项下手,选项中也时常会有明显的特征反映出它与原文中的重点内容之间的相关性。

篇6:GRE考试提升阅读答题效率

定位指的是确定考题针对原文中什么位置的内容发问,通常通过题干和选项的特征词来找,判断了原文所述的位置之后,就可以找原文和答案之间的对应关系了,绝大多数题目都可以通过找题干和选项的特征词准确的定位到原文某处。

新GRE阅读考试提高答题效率方法:(排除干扰选项后)按照文字对应原则选答案

GRE考试的备选答案都是五个,通常很少有考题能让读者非常直接的判断出正确答案,总有1-2个迷惑性比较大的选项,所以,考生不妨先竖读各选相,排除一些明显错误的选项,然后再对剩下的进行细致的比较,通过原文和选项之间的文字对应关系,进行选择。

比较典型的排除干扰选项的方法有:

1. 用最高级、唯一性、比较级来排除;

2. 用同性元素来排除;

3. 用错误选项的典型特征排除。

以上就是为大家整理的新GRE阅读考试提高答题效率的一些方法,只有掌握正确的新GRE阅读方法,才能快速的提高GRE考试的阅读效率,大家可以按照文中所述的内容进行解题,希望能够对各位考生有所帮助。

GRE阅读文章如何复习

宏观中的“必读”与“不读”

所谓宏观,即使明确文章结构。再清楚一点说,即使我们要知道主题句的所在位置以及每段大意。

让我们今天来了解一下什么是主题句,的阅读文章中主题句通常会以什么形式出现。和中国考生自己写作文不一样的是,美国人的阅读文章中从来都不出现“I think that, in my opinion, as far as I am considered”此类语言做主题句。通常来说美国人的主题句有两种形式:

主题句两种形式:

1. 判断句(含情态动词,系动词,正负褒贬词的句子);

2. 概括文章将来结构。

比如一个句子:Your minds changed my attitude. 这句话中并没有情态动词和系动词,因此这句话自然不是判断句,也就不是主题句。但只要在这句话中加入一个正负褒贬词,即一个词表明作者的态度或观点的词即是判断句了。

比如,Your minds successfully changed my attitude即是判断句了。另外,如果一个句子不是判断句,只要它能够概括文章将来结构,及文章后面会从哪几个方面来说明,也是主题句。

比如,People are living longer now. 这句话一定不是主题句,而如果这句话是,People are living longer now since the improvement of food condition and the development of medical technoly.这句话即是主题句了。因为它概括了文章后面会从哪几个方向来进行说明。

掌握好了主题句判断方法,很多文章学生便可以很快把握文章的结构框架,帮助后面文章的理解。比如一篇文章的开头是,Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive, but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First, the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second, the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root. 第一句是明显的判断句,即为主题句。

而主题句也同时概括了文章的将来结构,即会从“M真菌影响力很强”和“M真菌过去由于两个原因没有得到广泛研究”。

下面马上看到了first和second,我们即知道这两个很难读懂的句子无非是两个原因使得M真菌没有得到广泛研究而已,具体是哪两个原因,我们几乎可以忽略不读。

微观中的“必读”与“不读”

所谓微观,即使明确句子结构。再清楚一点说,即使我们要知道句子主干大意及和上下文的关系。

说到可以不读的内容,很多同学都会想到插入语可以不用读。可什么是插入语呢?两个逗号之间的内容一定是插入语吗?今天,让我们重点来了解一下插入语。首先,我们知道并不是两个逗号之间的内容一定是插入语,很多同学会被传统的老师所误导,误认为判断插入语只要看是不是逗号间内容在解释逗号前内容即可,可是如果插入语不读的话,你有时如何知道这是对逗号前内容的解释呢?其实,插入语有两种形式:

插入语两种形式:

1. 对主语说明

________,which / who / n. / prep. / -ing / -ed……,________.

2. 对主语举例

________,such as / especially……,________.

因此,我们只要看到第一个逗号之后紧跟着which / who / 介词 / 动名词 / 动词的过去分词 / such as / especially 的情况或两个逗号间仅有纯粹的名词时,那这从第一个逗号开始到后面最临近的标点符号(逗号或句号)间内容一定是插入语,往往可忽略不读。而我们唯一重点需要读的只有句子的“主、谓、宾。”

准备复习时的“读”与“不读”

很多同学都会痛苦,复习阅读进步不大,甚至有的时候反而比开始时错的还多。我认为,这主要是学生的复习方法不得当导致的。很多同学在复习准备阅读时,通常会一天一篇文章的做题,这不仅不能帮助你归纳掌握GRE阅读技巧,相反是在浪费时间。

最好的复习阅读的方式是开始并不直接读文章做题,在已经掌握了一定量的单词,并强化训练了长难句的基础后,保证集中突破强化复习。即,每天精读6-8篇文章,大概持续2周左右。所谓精读即清楚了解文章中微观的每一句话的意思及在全文中作用,以及完全明白每一个选项。这样有助于帮助学生总结归纳文章和出题规律。

GRE考试阅读选项的规律

1. 正确选项:

(1)同义变换 。即将原文中的某一句话用另一种说法表达,也就是英文中的paraphrase。如将文章中的“many wind-pollinated species fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail.”换成选项中的“Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little wind”。

其中包括三种类型:变换同义词,变换句型,变化同根词的词性。以下分别论述,请注意表格中的斜体字。

2.错误选项:

对于GRE阅读文章中更大量的错误选项,也形成了一套固定的规则。以下笔者就用实例来说明错误选项编制的规则:

(1)混偏反无。

1)混: 此类选项的错误可以形象地概括为:“张冠李戴”。 如下例:

文章:“...unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses”

题目:The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to

(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm

(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses (本题问大公司如果没有使投标转化为订单将引起什么结果。而这恰恰是小公司的特点。)

(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government

(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors

(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts

2)偏: 意即选项中所包含的逻辑范畴与原文不符。包括”以偏概全“ 以及”以全概偏”。请看下文:

Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a Black community. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine’s development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by exploring how male and female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn was influenced by the materialism of White America. By placing characters within a wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes and paved the way for explorations of race, class, and gender in the novels of the 1970’s.

题目:The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) comparing the works of three Black American authors

(B) describing common themes in Black American literature

(C) discussing an important work in Black American literature

(D) providing insights about Black American literature in the early twentieth century

(E) providing historical information about the writing of Black American novels in the second half the twentieth century

分析:此文描述并评价了美国黑人文学史上一部优秀的著作。而其中的D,E选项中的“Black American literature”以及“the writing of Black American novels”无疑扩大了原文的逻辑涵盖的范围,即属于“以全概偏”。于是不予选择。

3)反: 即选项中的内容与文章内容相反。

文章:“....Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a black community......”

题目:

According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they

(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives

(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century

(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels

(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture

(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women

分析:从文章中得知:“马歇尔已经摆脱了抗议小说所一贯描绘的受压迫并且带有悲剧色彩的女主人公形象”。但是B选项却说道:“马歇尔深深地受到二十世纪早期抗议小说的影响”,明显与原文意思相反。

再如:

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being

(A) completely different from novels written before 1959

(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century

(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it

(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today

(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s

分析:C选项“与之前的抗议小说类似” 与原文意思相反。而B选项的“深受二十世纪早期小说的影响”从文章无法推测出。

4)无:即 提到文章中未涉及的内容。由于此种选项编制容易,并且一厢情愿地认为此种迷惑手段非常高明。因此,此类错误选项在GRE阅读的错误选项中数量众多。请各位考生紧记:凡基于文章内容无法推测出的选项必然错误。

还是上文:

题目:

According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they

(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives

(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century

(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels

(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture

(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women

分析:从文章中得知:“马歇尔与另外两位的的共同点在于他们都把小说聚焦于一位普通的黑人女性对自己身份的追求,当然故事是以一个黑人社会为背景”。其中的A选项“未研究百人文化对角色生活所带来的影响”文章从未涉及。

再如:

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being

(A) completely different from novels written before 1959

(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century

(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it

(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today

(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s

分析:D选项“二十世纪50年代末期重要,但是今天过时了”文章从未涉及。

(3) 含有强调性语言(最高级、唯一性和比较级)的选项

会随意地在选项中加入一些极端语言来编制错误选项。集中表现为含有最高级,唯一性以及比较级的词汇。换句话说,含有这三类词汇的选项错误的几率很高。具体说:

1)最高级词汇:best , the most important, the least useful, uttermost, foremost, uppermost, always ,never, often, usually,primarily,primary,exact(ly),complete(ly) . entire(ly) absolute(ly) extremely, unmitigated . unrestrained . unchecked. first等

2)唯一性词汇:only, alone, exclusively, sole(ly), unique(ly)

3)比较级词汇:more useful than, less beneficial than, better , worse than ,as ..as, the same with, similar to 等等。

还是以上两例:

According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they

(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives

(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century

(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels

(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture

(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women

分析:此处的D选项和E选项中的“primarily”以及“exclusively”都属于比较极端的词汇。

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being

(A) completely different from novels written before 1959

(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century

(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it

(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today

(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s

分析:此处的A选项中的“completely” 也属于比较极端的词汇。

(4) 违反“论据集中”原则:

即此类选项试图使用非定位处的信息回答问题。此类选项极具迷惑性,因为这些错误的选项在文章中确实被提及过,可是由于与问题回答无关因此不予选择。

请看下例:

“No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the(E) mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by(B) temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a (D)back-coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.

On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offs or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the (C)Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. ”

【题】The author refers to a “conveyor belt” in order to

(A)illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle

(B)show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continents

(C)demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

(D)describe the complicated motions made possible by back coupling

(E)account for the rising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges

分析:此题为一道举例作用题。其定位为文章中加粗和划线的句子。但是这四个错误的选项都无一例外地通过利用其它的句子编制而成,即出题机构分别使用文章中标号为 A,B,C和D的内容编制出四个错误的选项。因此,不予选择。考生切忌因为文章别的地方曾经出现过类似的内容而犹豫不决。

英语阅读

篇7:托福阅读提升时间使用效率6个技巧解读

指将一个长句子(有时不止一个句子,还包括从句)读成一个相对短的句子,以对长句子内容作一总结式归纳,找出其所陈述的要点。这种能力的培养对托福阅读考试的帮助极大,考生应在平时勤加练习。

托福阅读提升时间效率技巧:抓关键词,准确定位

考生在做题过程中,要熟练掌握根据关键词进行定位的技巧。这一技巧可以帮助大家加快解题速度,提高正确率。因为大部分托福阅读题目考查的是考生对文章细节的理解,答案基本上都能在文章中找到。拿到一个题目,我们先找题干中可以用来定位的关键词,比如专有名词、数字、符号等,然后根据关键词回到原文进行定位。有时候文章中不一定会出现和关键词一模一样的词,但很可能是关键词的同义替换词。

托福阅读提升时间效率技巧:善于使用排除法

托福阅读中有些题目枝干信息太多,但都是干扰项,如果逐字阅读的话会很浪费时间。正确的做法应该是从选项中挖掘一下方向,如果有几项答案自相矛盾或者意思明显相反,就可以直接排除,然后再对模糊选项进行确认,这时候再回到正文中细读相关信息就会很省力。一般情况下,排除法是比较容易培养的套路,考生要善于使用这一技巧提高答题速度。

托福阅读提升时间效率技巧:掌握句子顺序上的变化

问句中所含信息与文章中相应句子中的信息在顺序上有时可能出现不同,甚至前后完全倒置。这种情况可能会导致迷失答题的方向。还应注意到文章中有关问句的信息并非全都能在每个句子中找到,甚至在关键词及短语之间存在一些不相关的信息,这些都会是寻找答案过程中的困难。

托福阅读提升时间效率技巧:查找同义词、近义词、相关词

在托福阅读考试中,能否准确找出正确答案很大程度上取决于能否辩认出同义词、近义词、相关词及不同形式的短语。 1.词形完全相同; 2.词义相同,即同义词 ;3.词义相近,但并非同义 ;4.词义相关。上述四种词汇/短语表达方式中,第一种当然容易辩认,第二种同义词也相 对不难,但第三种与第四种形式则不易辩认,所以要在阅读过程中多加比较练习。如能攻破这一关,则一定能够取得好的考试成绩。

篇8:托福阅读时间安排提升效率3个小技巧

托福阅读时间安排提升效率3个小技巧分享

第一步:看开头

花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子,定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为18分钟,但是有的文章七八分钟便可以轻松对付,有的文章则需要10分钟以上才能看完。

一般来说,托福阅读不同文章的难度是有一定差别的,比方说:如果最后一篇文章难度较大,那么在这种情况下,按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题,带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难程度,同时目测文章的含金量(即题型分布),有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。

第二步:看结构

所谓结构,即文章的骨架子。托福阅读文章是纯学术体(Academic),是学生在大学里天天都能接触到的教科书风格的文章,这些文章涉及人文社科和自然科学,均议论文、说明文,最显著的特点是呈板块结构。

第三步:看段落首句

托福阅读文章均由数个自然段组成,正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透,文章首句经常为文章主题。然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读,文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句,没有必要每个句子理解难度大,而不涉及考题,在此句停留无疑是白白浪费时间。

托福阅读备考没有技巧,那是不可能滴!

1、对于词汇量的要求较为严格

从某种意义上来讲,你积累的英语词汇量的多少,影响着你在托福考试中取得的成绩。如果说你具备的词汇量达不到最基本的要求,即使你的语言能力再强也过不了托福难关。想要训练阅读能力首先就要从词汇量上下手,只有掌握足够多的词汇后,你才具备他警告阅读能力的最低标准。

遇到生词,即使不知道什么意思,也可以根据上下文语境弄清它们之间的关系,运用逻辑推理的方法作出正确的答案。其次,还可以分析选项,进行对比,往往会发现选项中通常会出现两个意思相反的选项,此时再仔细重读原文就可以排除错误选项了。

2、阅读大量英语文章,增加自己的知识面

读书破万卷,下笔如有神,放在托福阅读备考中依然适用。考生利用业余时间丰富自己的知识面,对各国或各地区等相关文化及常识有一定了解后,在参加托福考试时,当阅读到自己有所了解的东西后,解题试题时就会比较有自信和感觉,不会因为自己的不了解或是不清楚,对文章要说的东西特别盲目,答题的准确率自然而然的也就会有所上升。

对于考试技巧,“适合别人的不一定适合自己”。考生可以根据自己的实际情况去训练,尽快找到最适合自己的解锁方式。

托福阅读到底是应该先看文章还是先看题目?

为什么会有人提出这种原本不应该存在的争议?

当人们面对考试的时候,大多数人总会把“获得好的分数”作为终极目标,很自然地就是去想“如何获得好的分数”。在这个时候,所谓的“考试技巧” 的概念就被提出来了,考生们自然搭建了这样的逻辑链:因为我学会了某种考试技巧,所以我在考试中获得了好的分数。

在这个前提下,披着“考试技巧”外衣的各种“大法”就应运而生,其中也包括了这条——“在托福阅读考试中,不需要看文章,只要找到题目对应的答案就可以做对题目。”这个逻辑看起来是自洽的,而且学生在听老师讲的时候非常容易接受,因为这迎合了大多数人希望不劳而获的本能性想法。

面对一个让自己很头疼的考试,突然有人告诉你不需要读文章,只需要找对某个局部对应点就可以得分,很难说这不是一件让人喜出望外的事情。如果有人告诉你一个“不需要背单词就可以把考试搞定”的方法,你会更愿意接受的,不是么?

关于老师们的理论

为了让这个说法显得更加合理和有权威性,这些老师们还会使用如下的说法来强化自己的理论:

1. 某种考试,文章读懂了,题目反而做不对;

2. 考试的阅读和平常的阅读不一样,只要得分就可以,不需要读懂;

3. 很多人在考试的时候是无法在规定时间做完题目的,所以要用这种方法来提高做题的效率。

4. 我教过多少学生,他们用这种方法确实得了好成绩。

看到这里,你有没有一种自己已经被说服了的感觉呢?如果有的话,你就不会奇怪为什么这种说法会存在,并且还一直被人相信了。

为了节省时间,我们就不去关心别的考试是怎样的了,就说说托福考试的阅读理解部分,拿这个为例子,来剖析一下这种方法的问题。

我们姑且先假设这种方法是对的,那么,考生在做题以前是没有读过全文的,直接看每一个题目,按照题目中提示回到原文来定位答案,并且根据所读的内容来选择出答案。

在不考虑阅读能力差异的情况下,这种方法有效的前提条件是:

(1)所有题目答案都与文章整体结构和段落关系无关;

(2)题目中有对答案所在位置的明确指示。

现在,我们可以查阅《新托福官方指南》一书(不论第几版),都可以找到在题型分类中有一种叫做“Prose Summary”,还有一种叫做“Filling the Table”的题目类型,其题目测试要求描述中都有关于文章结构的内容,所以(1)不成立。此外,还有一种叫做“Rhetoric Purpose”的题目类型中,也包含了对于段落关系的考核,再次证明(1)不成立。

此外,除了“Prose Summary”和“Filling the Table”,至少还有“Rhetoric Purpose”、“Negative Factual Information”和“Inference”三类题目,不会明确表明答案的位置,所以(2)不成立。既然(1)和(2)都不成立,那么自然这种方法就肯定是不正确的了,因为它和命题者的基本要求相违背。

为什么会有人用这种方法会“感觉”有效呢?

很简单,托福阅读考试中的确有一些题目类型的测试内容是“局部”性的,比如“Factual Information”类型的题目,它的目的是为了检测考生是否对某些重要信息和关系完成了认知和理解,所以,ETS明确指出,它的答案只会和文章中的一部分内容有关。所以,这种类型题目的存在原本就和文章整体结构以及段落关系无关,我们需要做的只是对应到正确的点,然后读懂,选出答案就行了。

那么,如果直接看题找答案,是否能做对的关键就取决于“是否能找对答案所在的位置”了。当考生缺乏对文章的整体

认识时,考生的定位和选择是随机的,也就是说,找得到或者找不到,以及花多少时间找到,靠的是运气。举例来说,给你一张北京市的地图,在你对北京市完全不了解的情况下,让你去找海淀区的娘娘府在哪儿,你是否能找到,以及花多少时间能找到,就是靠运气决定的。

所以,总有一些运气不错的人,会“感觉”这种方法是有效的,这也可以解释为什么有的人这次觉得好用,下次觉得不好用的现象。

推崇这种方法的人往往会认为,考生在规定时间内是无法读完文章并且正确完成题目的,所以,这些考生需要用这种“技巧”来帮助自己获得高分。

事实真的是这样吗?

在上万学生中做过实验的,给学生5分钟时间,让学生阅读一篇真题的文章,要求不能查字典,并且不能跳过任何一句话。在这种情况下,绝大多数学生完成率可以超过80%,也就是说,如果时间放宽到8分钟,所有人都可以读完。

在这种情况下,如果假设文章理解没有问题,做完所有题目只需要最多10分钟。而托福考试一篇文章的时间要求是20分钟,谁说学生在规定时间内读不完?毫不客气地说,这些人主观上构建了一个“学生读不完”的假设,来提供给学生一个虚假的解决方案。

但是在这种情况下,学生还是会出现做不对题的情况,原因是什么呢?很简单,学生虽然读完了文字,但是对文字的理解并不好,这里涉及到了单词、句法、文章结构认知、关系理解、记忆效率等方面的问题。而这些问题的解决方案,才是老师应该教给学生的内容,而不是“直接看题找答案来提高效率”这种正确率随机的方法。

说到这里,我想大家应该很清楚如下几点了

1.按照ETS的官方描述,看题目找答案的方式会有解决不了的题目(而且还包括了多选题);

2.看题目找答案的时间消耗和正确率是随机的;

3.在规定时间内完成题目并非难事,关键是教会学生如何提高理解的准度和效率;

到这里,那种方法的支持者们又会说了:我在看题目找答案的过程中,可以顺便了解文章,这样就可以解决文章结构理解不好的问题了。好,我们姑且认为这种说法是对的,并且也确实做到了,那么这和先读完文章再做题有什么区别呢?

这和中药里面加西药成分最后却号称中药有效不是一个逻辑吗?而事实是,大多数人在这样的离散化信息获取过程中,是很难把握文章的逻辑框架和结构的,因为思维被反复阻断,即便是用自己的母语写成的文章也会在认知上有困难,更何况是用英文写成的文章?

所以,结果就是,考生在大脑中留下了一堆信息碎片,最后无法组织到一起。有同学会问,为什么老师在讲的时候头头是道呢?因为他备课的时候已经读过全文了嘛。

“考试阅读”和“普通阅读”存在的关系

实际上,考试阅读和普通阅读的唯一区别在于,考试阅读要你做题,而平常的普通阅读不需要。但是,考试的阅读考的内容是什么呢?还是拿托福阅读为例,ETS在官方文档中讲得很清楚:词汇和语法、文章的主要观点和重要信息、观点之间的相对重要程度、观点之间的关系、所有观点的组织结构。

那么,我们仔细想想,这些东西是不是平时阅读的时候也需要获得的东西呢?显然是的。所以,从阅读本身的要求来说,考试阅读和普通阅读并没任何区别。

既然如此,要做对题目的前提就必须是:读懂文章。反之,如果是题目做错了,也必然是文章的某个局部内容、关系,或者全局的关系理解出现了问题,抑或是逻辑推理出现了问题,而考生需要训练的,是如何修正问题并且提高阅读能力的方法。

如何让托福阅读成为提分最快的单项

托福考试考什么?

1.词汇和语法

对于语言类考试来说,都会涉及到词汇和语法的考查,但在不同的考试中,词汇和语法的考试形态会有一定的差异,比如:有的考试是在阅读里考查单词,有的是在单句填空中考查单词。因此,在备考过程中,我们要科学背单词,系统学语法,这里就不赘述了。

2.对主要观点和重要信息的理解

一篇文章讲了什么,以及每个段落讲了哪些重要信息,这些都会是托福阅读的考查重点。

3.观点的相对重要程度

对于前面提到的两个考查要点,大多数考生都能理解,但是说到观点的相对重要程度的时候,情况就有所不同了。在一篇文章中,所给出的信息并不是同等重要的,有些信息更重要,有些就没有那么重要了。因此,这部分其实考查的是大家对信息的筛选能力——认知能力。

4.观点之间的两两关系

大多数同学读完一篇文章后,脑子里留下的是一堆信息碎片,但最后会发现,记住的全都不考,考查的内容,自己都没记住(听力更明显)。最直接的考查方法就是问因果,如:文章中提到了……,是因为……。实际上考查的就是观点之间的关系。

5.观点和概念的组织结构

读完一篇文章之后,是否形成了清晰完整的文章结构框架,也叫作思维框架 (Menatal Framework)。托福阅读中的“六选三”题,考查的就是对文章架构的掌握,以及在此基础上,筛选主要信息的能力。

以上是 ETS 给出的托福阅读考试的官方说明,明确地阐述了考查的能力点。但是,大家在备考的过程中,究竟有没有按照官方要求做呢?或者备考方法是否正确呢?我们一起来看一下,你是否走进了托福阅读的备考误区。

错误的托福备考路径

1.做错题 → 不会解题技巧 → 学习解题技巧

做错题之后,认为自己解题技巧不好,然后就四处寻找“技巧”。平常可能学了不少技巧,但是到了考场上,会发现“貌似”所有的技巧都用不上。事实上,没有人能够在能力缺失的情况下,去应用所谓的答题技巧。一道题做错了,要么就是文章位置找错了,要么就是文章没读懂。因此,所有阅读题目的本质都是一样的。

2.做错题 → 不认识单词 → 背单词

题目做错了,发现有不认识的单词 → 啊,我要背单词去了。那么背单词有用么?当然有了,但是要注意:单词是阅读的基础,但不是全部。因此,单词要背,但不能只背单词。

科学的备考路径

做错题 → 阅读能力有缺陷 → 提高阅读能力 根据 ETS 给出的能力点考查,梳理出相对应的能力点,概括起来只有六个字:读句子,理关系。

词汇不行,就去背单词;语法不行,就去学语法。句子涉及到理解,即句子看懂 = 内容看懂,句子看懂 → 段落看懂 → 文章看懂。除了读懂内容,还需要对关系(逻辑关系)进行梳理。

托福解决方案

读句子:用“串行”思维代替“并行”思维(句子的层次和成分分析是提高句子阅读能力的核心)。

理关系:用阅读笔记辅助形成思维框架,不应该“ just 读 it”。

总之,词汇认知、句法结构、语义及逻辑、文章结构,这四种能力共同构成完备的阅读能力,缺一不可。画有细腻粗狂,词有婉约豪放,而阅读却没有那么多的自由发挥,能够拿到阅读高分的同学们在某一种意义上都是『完美主义者』——单词要背、句子分析要做、文章阅读也要一步不漏地做完。

一份30天托福备考计划

阶段一:(Day 1-Day 25)以TPO模考为主

要求:每天模考一套TPO阅读题目,模考需要严格计时,质量和速度并重。

步骤为:

一.每天在模考软件上(不要在纸质版的书上)模考3篇文章。

(阅读20分以下的考生先背单词再模考,TPO词汇资料有TPO1-25的单词)

二. 做完核对答案,标记错题(不要记住正确答案),把错题再做一遍。

三. 再次核对答案,利用黄金阅读资料分析第二遍做错的题目(重点是找到自己出错原因,以及正确答案在原文的出处)

四. 通读文章,总结不熟练的词汇和不理解的长难句,词汇和长难句整理在自己的笔记本上,整理完背过单词。

五.总结文章主旨和各段的主要观点,把自己总结后的和文章总结题的正确选项核对,根据正确选项对文章的概括再次理解文章结构。

第二天复习前一天的词汇,标记前一天自己没有背过的词汇。 继续练习下一套文章,总结单词。

第三天复习第一天标记的词汇和第二天的词汇,同样标记第二天没有背过的词汇。

以此类推,直到完成TPO1-25的所有题目。

阶段二:(Day26-30)复习冲刺

这5天内,以复习为主,模考为辅,复习总结的TPO1-TPO25的词汇、错题和文章,选TPO30以后的两到三套题目模考。

这样一个月之后,你的基础能力和做题能力都有巨大的飞跃,可以自信满满的冲刺高分啦。

托福阅读备考FAQ

问:英语零基础可以备考托福吗?

答:不可以。托福考试的词汇量要求大概在8000-10000,所以在你开始准备托福之前,底线是你最起码要有高中词汇储备(3500)。如果,词汇量太低,强行备考,结果就是备考过程及其痛苦、漫长,效率低下,进步极慢。

问:技巧真的有用吗?

答:有用。托福阅读,个人觉得七分能力,三分技巧足以。当然,对于阅读能力极其强大的,不需要技巧。 技巧的目的两个:1.提高正确率 2.提高做题速度。

问:为什么在托福培训机构听老师讲了技巧,我感觉没什么用?

答:个人观点,可能3个原因:1.你的基础真的太挫了,理解简单句都有困难,那么技巧对于你起不到大的作用。 2. 老师的问题。 3.老师讲完了,不代表你会用,想要在考试中灵活运用,需要你在平时的分题型练习过程中,严格按照做题步骤和技巧答题,逐渐培养出使用技巧的能力。

问:为什么我的做题速度太慢? or 一句话要看很久才能看懂?

答:两个原因:1. 单词词义理解单一、片面 2. 理解单词反应时间太长 3. 语法不扎实。

问:为什么刷了很多TPO缺不见成效?

答:刷题步骤不对。我的理念是:一次刷100套题, 不如一套题刷100遍。具体刷题步骤以后再发

篇9:如何有效提升托福阅读答题速度

如何有效提升托福阅读答题速度?学会这2种方法思路有奇效

托福阅读提速方法思路:先读每段前4行

第一种提速方法是先读阅读文章的每段前4行,注意这里不是前2行,因为现在很多文章首句通常是由专业名词组成或者是一些习语组成,首先读完前4行来了解文章主题和当前段落的大意内容和方向,对文章整体和段落有大致了解后再做题。这种方法可以让大家不用读完全文就能理解大意并且做题,是比较实用的提速思路方法。

托福阅读提速方法思路:直接做题边做边看

第二种提速方法是直接做题,然后在题中找关键词回到原文进行点查。第一题通常是文章的主题题,跳过不做,放到最后来做,其他的很多试题都是标记了行号或者可以通过特殊字符来辨认,当一道题没有这些标示的时候要通过邻近的其他试题来定位本题在原文中的位置。这样就可以在最大程度上节省托福阅读时间。

托福阅读提速要注意控制审题时间

在托福阅读中,ETS给出的文章中有大量故意制造的难句,词汇量不够,方法不对等,导致你的时间是不够的。在托福阅读备考中进行审题时,千万不要在理解题意和选项上花太多时间,更不能超过阅读文章的时间,考生要学会自己控制审题时间。

以上就是小编为大家带来的托福阅读提速的两种方法思路介绍。通过上述方法,大家想要获得托福阅读解题速度的提升也就并非难事了。

托福阅读:经典题型解答方法

一、指代题

1、识别:The word :“……” in Line ……refers to……

2、做法 :

①向前找出现过的词语。。一般多为名词。。一般是多为距离较近的词语。小心复杂定语从句。

②将出现过的词语代入所在位置。。之后判断下当前句子是否成立而且意义通顺。

③注意人称和数的变化。。IT、THAT对应单数/THOSE、THEY对应复数。

但是。。IT有可能指代前面一句话。

④物主代词 “ITS” 通常指代最近的一个词语

二、主题题

1、特点:

①说明文出现次数比较多。

②文章一般是总分的金字塔结构。主题在第一段提出。

2、主题出现的位置:

①文章首句

②文章的第2句。。或者第2段

③各段首句的综合

④最FT的一种:自己归纳

3、正确选项的特点:

①包含关键词

何为关键词:

A、在其他选项中不存在的。

B、在各段首句中反复出现或者出现2次以上的。(此办法可用来检查或者时间不够的应急)

②人名、地名如果是正确答案,那么。。这人名地名一定在文章中反复出现。

③注意选项中与关键词的同意和异意的变体。。也可能是正确答案。

4、错误选项的特点:

①过于宽泛或者过于狭窄

②拿段落细节说事。。部分代替整体。

③将来的说成已有的。

5、技巧:

①答案大多是B、C。(经XDF老师曲线图概率分析得出)

②DEVELOPMENT。。ORIGIN。。EFFECT。。包含以上词语的注意,可能是正确答案。

备注:此技巧用来应急。。猜测运气成分较大。请板油慎用。

三、细节题

唯一法则就是:认真、认真、再认真。

托福阅读:有什么坏习惯

有些考生为了节省时间,在做托福阅读时根本不读文章,采取直接做题的方式。这种方式就和瞎子摸象无异,虽说有部分习题,比如说考察细节的题目有可能做对,但对于一些段落关系题,段落主旨题,还有最后的小结题是不可能做对的。所以一定要对文章有个整体的把握。

很多同学都有这样的一个习惯,喜欢将看到的句子读出来,认为这样能用到耳朵,加深对托福阅读文章的理解。其实这是非常错误的,在我们读一句话的过程中,当眼睛看到的时候,潜意识中我们已经将文字简化成小的表意单元,形成清晰的印象。而我们的出声阅读的速度要大大小于这个速度,就会造成思维的停滞。而且阅读会让你对句子的理解偏向语音,从而让你对直接阅读句子的能力下降。

这些同学喜欢在托福阅读试题上划线,似乎不做记号,阅读就遇到了瓶颈,就读不下去了。其实我们真正在托福阅读考试中,难免会遇到一些生词或者读不明白的句式,这个时候就需要我们暂时放下,通过前后文猜出意思,以便对文章有整体的把握。加上现在托福考试都是机考,也不会让考生在电脑上划记号。所以我们在平时训练中尽量少得做记号。再等到对文章具体分析的时候则可以越细越好。

一些同学做一篇托福阅读的过程中喜欢把文章一字不落得细读之后再做题,这种方式只适合大神式级别的人物,已经具备了相当高的阅读水平。而对于大多数同学来说,显然就会造成一种结果,做题时间严重不足。所以不要因小失大,所以只要把握整个句子或整个段落的意思就可以了。

这类学生在做托福阅读的过程中往往思维比较活跃,可以联想到很多自己之前阅读过的文章,和自己的一些基础知识。因此就开始用自己的观念来影响作者,认为“我觉得”应该是这个样子的。而事实上,托福阅读考试考察的是你对文章的理解,主要以考试文章为依托,所以掺杂自己的想法反而无益。即使是 “很弱”的推断题,我们也应该注意要有理有据的进行推断。

篇10:托福阅读中如何缩短答题时间

托福阅读中 如何缩短答题时间

很多托福考生都说,也许在托福阅读中,最影响人的实力发挥的恐怕就是要求55分钟内做完50道阅读题。托福阅读不同于CET4,CET6,与高考也是有区别的,因为这些都是大约4-5篇阅读,20题,而且这些考试都没有要求做完没门考试所用的时间。因此很多同学在一开始做托福阅读的时候,十分不适应托福阅读的时间限制,有的人甚至在考前都没有克服这个问题。

1 托福阅读即先阅读文章的首段前4行 ,注意这里不是前2行,因为现在很多文章首句通常是由专业名词组成或者是一些习语组成,大多数中国学生只知道看完首句,然后他们就崩溃了,因为专业词汇和习惯用语一次性将他们打懵。因此这里建议首先读完前4行来了解文章主题方向。

2 托福阅读应该直接做题 ,然后在题中找关键词回到原文进行点查。不过这里点查也是有技巧的。第一题通常是文章的主题题,跳过不做,放到最后来做,其他的很多试题都是标记了行号或者可以通过特殊字符来辨认,比如数字,大写字母,拼写十分怪异的单词等等,当一道题没有这些标示的时候要通过邻近的其他试题来定位本题在原文中的位置。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

The term folk song has been current for over a hundred years, but there is still a good deal of disagreement as to what it actually means. The definition provided by the International Folk Music Council states that folk music is the music of ordinary people, which is passed on from person to person by being listened to rather than learned from the printed page. Other factors that help shape a folk song include: continuity (many performances over a number of years); variation (changes in words and melodies either through artistic interpretation or failure of memory); and selection (the acceptance of a song by the community in which it evolves).

When songs have been subjected to these processes their origin is usually impossible to trace. For instance, if a farm laborer were to make up a song and sing it to a-couple of friends who like it and memorize it, possibly when the friends come to sing it themselves one of them might forget some of the words and make up new ones to fill the gap, while the other, perhaps more artistic, might add a few decorative touches to the tune and improve a couple of lines of text. If this happened a few times there would be many different versions, the song's original composer would be forgotten, and the song would become common property. This constant reshaping and re-creation is the essence of folk music. Consequently, modem popular songs and other published music, even though widely sung by people who are not professional musicians, are not considered folk music. The music and words have been set by a printed or recorded source, limiting scope for further artistic creation. These songs' origins cannot be disguised and therefore they belong primarily to the composer and not to a community.

The ideal situation for the creation of folk music is an isolated rural community. In such a setting folk songs and dances have a special purpose at every stage in a person's life, from childhood to death. Epic tales of heroic deeds, seasonal songs relating to calendar events, and occupational songs are also likely to be sung.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Themes commonly found in folk music

(B) Elements that define folk music

(C) Influences of folk music on popular music

(D) The standards of the International Folk Music Council

2. Which of the following statements about the term folk song is supported by the passage ?

(A) It has been used for several centuries.

(B) The International Folk Music Council invented it.

(C) It is considered to be out-of-date.

(D) There is disagreement about its meaning.

3. The word it in line 8 refers to

(A) community

(B) song

(C) acceptance

(D) memory

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a characteristic of the typical folk

song?

(A) It is constantly changing over time.

(B) It is passed on to other people by being performed.

(C) It contains complex musical structures.

(D) It appeals to many people.

5. The word subjected in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) reduced

(B) modified

(C) exposed

(D) imitated

6. The author mentions the farm laborer and his friends (lines 10-14) in order to do which of the

following?

(A) Explain how a folk song evolves over time

(B) Illustrate the importance of music to rural workers

(C) Show how subject matter is selected for a folk song

(D) Demonstrate how a community, chooses a folk song

7. According to the passage , why would the original composers of folk songs be forgotten?

(A) Audiences prefer songs composed by professional musicians.

(B) Singers dislike the decorative touches in folk song tunes.

(C) Numerous variations of folk songs come to exist at the same time.

(D) Folk songs are not considered an important form of music.

8. The word essence in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) basic nature

(B) growing importance

(C) full extent

(D) first phase

9. The author mentions that published music is not considered to be folk music because

(A) the original composer can be easily identified

(B) the songs attract only the young people in a community

(C) the songs are generally performed by professional singers

(D) the composers write the music in rural communities

PASSAGE 56 BDBCC ACAA

托福阅读背景材料:美国第四大城市费城

费城是美国第四大都市,随同岁月的飞逝,与工业化的进展,费城所拥有的历史性遗产,已逐渐褪色。但是在十八世纪中叶,费城却是起草与通过独立宣言的地方。而且,美利坚合众国宪法草案也在费城起草与答署。贝茜?罗斯在这里升起了合众国国旗。华盛顿以总统身分,在这里也流过了许多岁月。这里乃是美利坚合众国的诞生地。

独立纪念馆IndependenceHall

建立于1732年,原为州政府,后于1776年7月,在该处发表独立宣言。其后,又在该处起草合众国宪法,从而诞生了美利坚合众国。

议事厅CongressHall

与独立纪念馆连接的建筑物。1790年到1800年为止,该处为联邦议事厅。华盛顿曾在该处被推选第二次担任总统。厅内留存历史性遗物极众。

罗斯故居BetsyRossHouse

这是设计美国国旗星条旗的罗斯夫人的老家。据说,它是1774年由华盛顿总统建议而兴建的。附近的Elfreth'sAlley和BladenCoat小路仍留存了十八世纪美国开国初期的形迹,散步其间,易兴思古幽情。

罗丹博物馆rodinMuseum

是除了法国之外,收藏名画家罗丹作品最多的一家博物馆。

宾州美术馆PennsylvaniaAcademyOfTheFineArts

创设于1801年的美国最古老的美术馆。美国美术界的杰作,几乎都收藏在该馆。

佛兰克林科技馆FranklinInstitute

为了纪念本杰明?佛兰克林的贡献而兴建的科学博物馆,展出运输、航空、物理、天文、化学资料。

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