以下是小编精心整理的托福阅读推理题解题思路实战讲解(共含6篇），供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“小心心都给自己”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
Paragraph 3: The ephemeral plants evade drought. Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit. This replenishes the seed content of the desert soil. The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again. (TPO 26 Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions)
Paragraph 3 suggests that during a dry year ephemerals _____
A. produce even more seeds than in a wet year
B. do not sprout from their seeds
C. bloom much later than in a wet year
D. are more plentiful than perennials
解析：
答案：B
“suggest”表示是一道推理题，要推的是“干旱年的短生植物怎么样”，回到原段落，只能找到关于湿润年的信息，即最后一句：The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again. (直线表示主句的谓语动词，斜体或浪线表示从句的引导词，具体符号可以自己定)dormant表示休眠的，bloom表示开花。
句子翻译：短生植物种子的休眠状态会一直保持到下一个湿润年，那时沙漠再次开花。根据此句的意思作反向推理，就是“在干旱年时，短生植物种子是不发芽的”，正好对应到选项B(sprout表示发芽)。
错误答案：C
原因：当时的确也是看了最后一句，主要还是单词问题，不认识dormant和bloom，导致对句子理解有误。选项C的意思是“短生植物在干旱年开花的时间要比在湿润年时晚很多”，根据最后一句，这点是推不出来的。
其他生词：precipitation 表示降水量 vigorously表示强有力地;茁壮地 replenish表示补充。
托福阅读长难句100句：舞蹈动作
今天我们来看这样一个句子：
Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes. (44, OG)
voluminous/v?'l?m?n?s/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 宽松的, 肥大的;
drapery/'drep?ri/n.布料
wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔术师用的)魔杖
costume/'kɑstum/ n. 服装, 服装式样
Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).
分析：
修饰一：(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore)，从句，修饰dance，大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)这里还有一个从句哦。
中文：专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色
修饰二：(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms)，从句，修饰前面skirts or draperies，其实是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…
中文：她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动
修饰三：(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes)，非谓语动词，修饰arms。主要这里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修饰wands
中文：有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长
主干：括号外面的，Fullerdevised a type of dance
参考翻译：
Fuller设计了一种(专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色)的舞蹈，在舞蹈中，她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动，有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
看明白之后，别只看一遍，给我看几十遍!!没事就拿出来欣赏欣赏，直到你想吐为止
读书百遍，其义自现，阅读最强技巧的就是阅读。
托福阅读长难句100句是不断积累而来的。每个人英语水平不一样，你觉得这个句子有点难，你就记录下来，然后反复阅读，当你平时看得都是这样长句子的时候，再回去看TPO中正常的句子，你就会发现怎么一个句子两行就结束了，因为你平时看得都是五六行的句子，豁然开朗。)
托福阅读长难句100句：舞蹈艺术
Her dancing also attracted the attention of French poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit, and their efforts to synthesize form and content. (57, OG)
词汇：
appeal v.恳求，呼吁;(对某人)有吸引力~to sb; (使某人)感兴趣;上诉
for one’s sake为了…的缘故
synthesize/?s?nθ??sa?z/v. 合成，综合
内容：
Her dancing also attracted the attention (of French poets and painters) (of the period), (for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, (a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),and their efforts to synthesize form and content.)
分析：
修饰一：(of French poets and painters)，介词短语，修饰the attention。大家注意英文喜欢把修饰成分放在后面，这个很重要。
中文：法国诗人和花季。
修饰二：(of the period) ，介词短语，修饰French poets and painters，也是放在后面哦。
修饰三：(a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit)，同位语，用来解释说明前面的belief，这个同位语语放在这里分割了原句，大家断句的时候要注意。
中文：一个19世纪的思想：艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值。
修饰四：(for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake , and their efforts to synthesize formand content.)，从句，表示原因，大家注意我把同位语去掉了(因为不重要)，这样更能看清重要内容。这里有一个并列结构，是一个A, B, and C结构，不知道大家在看的时候有没有看出来，A= their liking for mystery，B= their belief in art for art’ssake，C= their efforts to synthesize form and content，插入语解释B。
中文：因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力
主干：括号外面的，Her dancing also attracted the attention
参考翻译：
她的舞蹈还吸引了当时法国一些诗人和画家的注意，因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰(这是一个19世纪的思想：艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值)以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力。
托福阅读长难句100句：消失的化石
At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups. (52, TPO5)
词汇：
paleontologist /?pe?l??n?t?l?d ??st/ n. 古生物学家
descendant /d?'send(?)nt/ n. 子孙，后代
分析：
修饰一：(present in these fossil beds)，形容词短语，修饰animals，注意是放在后面哦
中文：存在于这些化石床中
修饰二：(that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period)，从句，修饰body forms
中文：出现在Cambrian时期早期，并在这个时期末期前消失
修饰三：(leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.)，非谓语动词修饰前面的主干
中文：在现代动物群组中没有留下后代
主干：most paleontologists now agree that，that后面整个宾语从句，从all到groups
参考翻译：
曾经，存在于这些化石床中的动物被分配到各种现代动物群组中，但现在大多数古生物学家都同意：所有Tommotian的化石代表了出现在Cambrian时期早期并在这个时期末期前消失独特的化石形式，在现代动物群组中没有留下后代。
托福阅读之推理题备考方法
一、 推理题的标志
推理题的题干中一般含有infer, imply, most likely, least likely, probably等词，分为有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题两大类。
二、 推理题的做法
对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索的，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。
对于有共性的推理题，也就是题干中有线索的，建议考生可以先圈定题干中的关键词，根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。推理题主要有下列思路：
1. 一般对比推理
ETS设计推理题的手段不多，根据两个事物的对比特征出题是其中之一。问其中一个事物的特征时，只要将与之形成对比的另一个事物的特征否定掉就可以了。
例如：
It should be obvious that cetaceans, whales, porpoises, and dolphins are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
A. It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.
B. There were great numbers of them.
C. They lived in the sea only.
D. They did not leave many fossil remains.
2. 时间对比推理
这种思路常被考到。在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
例：
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth….
…It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.
It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution
(A) families were larger.
(B) population statistics were unreliable.
(C) the population grew steadily.
(D) economic conditions were bad.
3.集合概念推理
集合概念推理也可以称之为百分比推断，它指的是在一个集合中，包含两个相对的方面，共同构成一个大的集合。一方所占的比例减少意味着另一方所占比例的增加;反之，一方所占的比例增加意味着另一方所占比例的减少。根据这一思路，可以由集合中一方的数量变化推断另一方的消减。
例：
A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. …Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada….
By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing.
What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?
(A) They value folk cultures.
(B) They have no social classes.
(C) They have popular cultures.
(D) They do not value individualism.
以上就是托福阅读推理题的做法，大家可以根据题干标志圈定托福阅读推理题的范围，然后运用本文中的技巧，一举搞定推理题!
托福阅读：浅谈推理题中的类比逻辑关系
很多同学最近一直和我抱怨，托福阅读中的推理题好难啊，很多题目的正确选项在文中都找不到，说好的忠于原文，说好的不用多想，不用为作者分忧解难呢?这时候我会偷笑，因为你们碰到的是细节题的升级版本—─推理题!我们平时在阅读教学中一直和同学强调，阅读要忠于原文，不要大开脑洞，所有答案均出现在原文中。唯独有一种题目即推理题，需要学生不仅在文中找到相关依据，还要根据这个依据走一步推理的过程，才能得出答案。
今天就想和大家分享一下阅读推理题中涉及到的一种逻辑推理关系 — 类比关系，此类逻辑关系一般出现在对比类的文段中。即文章中出现A,B两个比较对象， A与B有相同特征，于是我们可以根据A的特证来推断B也有相同的特征。举个例子：像小明一样，小红爱吃西瓜，于是乎我们可以从这句话里推断出不仅小红爱吃西瓜，小明也爱吃。接下去，我们就来看看这种逻辑关系在推理题中的应用。
Paragraph 1: When it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.
What can be inferred about whales from paragraph 1?
A . They are considered by some to be reptiles.
B. Their bodies are built in a way that helps them manage extremely cold temperatures.
C .They are distantly related to leatherback turtles.
D .They can swim farther than leatherback turtles.
这道题目，题干问我们根据第二段的内容我们可以对鲸鱼作出何种推断，于是乎我们根据解题技巧快速回到文中搜索定位词whales, 找到以下这句话 ”the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle.” 这句话告诉我们leatherback turtle更像爬行的whales, 虽然此句没有直接提到whales的特征，但我们可以根据刚刚提到的类比关系做一步逻辑推断啊。既然leatherback turtle很像whales, 那么leatherback turtle的特征也应该就是whales的特征，因此我们只要找到leatherback turtle的描述信息即可发现whales的特征。原文最后一句话提到， leatherback turtle会游到寒冷的南北海洋并且有特殊的处理冰水的能力。于是乎我们可以得出whales也有相同特征。答案对应B选项。
再来看一道稍难的题目吧
Buck rubs also have a scent. These odors make buck rubs an important means of olfactory communication. Forehead rubbing by male deer on buck rubs presumably sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species. The presence of many well-marked rubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity rather than simply being a crude measure of relative deer abundance in a given area. The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.
What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the trumpeting of bull elk?
A.Trumpeting by higher-status bull elk signals their presence to other members of their species.
B.Bull elk need to combine trumpeting with olfactory signals to covey information about their identity.
C.Trumpeting alerts white-tailed deer to the presence of bull elk in their vicinity.
D.Trumpeting provides a better measure of deer presence in a given area than buck rubs do.
此题问我们，根据第四段我们可以对trumpeting of bull elk做出怎样的推断。根据关键词trumpeting of bull elk我们快速找到原文最后一个单词。既然是出现在文章的最后位置，那我们只好去往前推了。而前句又提到了一个我们非常熟悉的逻辑关系—─类比关系。来看这句话 The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.这句话告诉我们buck rub发出的olfactory signal和trumpeting of bull elk发出的auditory signal有相同的社会作用。根据前文我们知道buck rub可以反映年长雄鹿在鹿群里的社会地位。于是乎我们便可以做进一步推理，即trumpeting of bull elk也应该有相似地功能。
我想，只要我们的同学能够熟练掌握这种逻辑推理方法，将来一定可以避免在做这类推理题时常常出现的无从下手的困境。
托福阅读：推断题的解题方法
你还在害怕做推断题吗?
调查：你认为哪种题目最难
托福阅读中的推断题一直是考生心理的阴影和恐惧，尤其是“推断”两个字，瞬间会让大家联想到柯南, 福尔摩斯之类带有悬疑色彩的东西。据对所带的学生进行的调查，提到哪种阅读题型最难做，将近50%的学生把票投给了推断题。
毋庸置疑，推断题一定有一定的难度所在，这点我们从托福考试官方指南(og)的改变上就可发现一些端倪。第三版og上，推断题的考查数量为0-2题，第四版og已经增加到1-3题，ets的用(yin)意(mou)所在可见一斑。
那么，我们改如何应对推断题呢?推断题真的像我们想象的这么难么?
今天我们一起来从考查形式上来解刨一下推断题。
题干特征：推断题的题干经常会出现infer,suggest,imply, indicate这类单词
考查形式主要分为两大类：对比推断和细节推断，而后者出现的几率更大。
考查形式一：对比推断
A时间对比：一般有两个形成对比的时间点，它们所具有的特征一般相反。如：原文会出现before1990的信息，而题目会问after 1990的信息?
解决方案：收集问题对应的时间点的信息，然后取反。
注意原文中出现的表示时间节点的词 before, after, not…until…
例题
The story of the westward movement of population in the United States is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture-of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly. “Old America seemed to be breaking up and moving westward,” observed an English visitor in 1817, during the first great wave of migration. Emigration to the west reached a peak in the 1830’s, whereas in 1810 only a seventy of the American people lived west of the Appalachian mountains, by 1840 more than a third lived there.
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?
○They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton.
○They were able to sell their produce at high prices.
○They had not been successful in raising cattle.
○They did not operate in a national market economy.
答案D
对应关键句：After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.
B直接对比：两个或多个事物的特征——如原文会出现A的特点，然后会有B和A相比较的信息，然后题目问B的特点?
解决方案：收集题干所问的推断对象(about后面的信息一般为推断对象)的全部信息(一般为上述的B)，然后在原文所描述的与之相关的信息(一般为上述的A)的基础之上取反。
注意原文中出现的表示对比的关系词：by contrast, unlike, while, whereas,on the contrary, in comparison to, distinct from, different from等词。
例题
Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like
○There were great numbers of them.
○They lived in the sea only.
○They did not leave many fossil remains.
答案A
对应关键句：However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.
考查形式二：细节推断
考查细节判断，事物的特点，属性等。
解决方案：收集题干所提问的推断对象(about后面的信息一般为推断对象)的所有信息。如果推断对象所涉及的信息比较多，难以抓到重点，则逐个选项进行定位筛选。
例题
Paragraph 1: Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on?
○It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.
○It prevents most groundwater from circulating.
○It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.
○It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.
答案C
AThere it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again.
BBy far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle.
C At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.
DOrdinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams.
综上所述，推断题并没有我们想象的那么晦涩。它仍然是关注细节层面的题目，主要考查考生收集和题目相关的信息和梳理这些信息的能力。我们需要做到：
1把题干提问的推断对象的信息收集完全，并理解到位。
2记住所看即所得，不要过分推断，不要脑补。
3任何文章中出现的信息都有可能考查推断，所以不要忽略任何一个细节。
1、一般对比推理
根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。
2、时间对比推理
在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
3、集合概念推理
一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。这个比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：
例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.
What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?
(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.
(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.
(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.
(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.
文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案。
解答托福阅读推理题需要注意的信息点
1.日期和数字。
2.关键词： 表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词：may, can , could…;表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。
托福阅读考试练习题目解析:欧洲饮食演变
A卷
Passage 2
托福阅读考试练习题目难度分析
偏难
托福阅读考试大致内容
欧洲某时期diet的演变。讲穷人吃不起肉，只能吃beans等一些当季蔬菜，因为这些蔬菜在某些季节没有所以nutrients跟不上，因此得病，后来美国的营养价值高的potato来了，他们有了生存的食物，并且还替代了Grains.
托福阅读考试练习题目解析:恐龙灭绝原因
A卷
Passage 1
托福阅读考试练习题目难度分析
适中
托福阅读考试练习题目大致内容
生物：关于恐龙灭绝的原因。与TPO一篇有重叠内容，所以讲的知识点是比较熟悉的，就是因为Irodium的存在确定恐龙灭绝和陨石撞地球有关系。但文章内容主要讲的是其灭绝的主要原因以及论据。
托福阅读考试练习题目难点解析
托福阅读考试练习题目难点解析一：题型——注重解题方法
托福阅读10种题型，除最后的小结题外大都属于考查文章细节的题目。根据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步，然后就是理解。此时如果托福词汇不足怎么办?事实上做阅读我们永远要牢记的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了。
比如：
The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832]，hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops.
这个句子较长，其中有which引导的定语从句，还有hunted… 这个状语，而解题时我们只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多数同学在做题时有个习惯就是看到一句话后就开始逐词阅读，甚至试图把它翻译成中文，这可谓“兵家大忌”。
遇到一句话先抓主干，遇到整段记得扫描段落有无显眼的连词，举例信号词等，浏览每段的主题句。
再说一下小结题，大多数考生的切肤之痛。一是做到最后一题时时间已所剩无几，二是最后一题是对全文的主要内容的总结，相对复杂。
在课堂中，我一再向学生强调把握全文结构及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?
一是做题之前可大概浏览文章的标题及每段首句。作为学术性的阅读文章，首句基本都是主题句。尤其是总分结构的文章，虽然文章较难理解，但是文中明确提出了三种观点first，second，third… 那么此类文章小结题的选项太显而易见了。再者，文章的每段会对应出2-3道题，那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以在进行练习时，做题虽不可或缺，但还要注意多加练习快速阅读文章的能力。
托福阅读考试练习题目难点解析二：主题——增加背景知识
有部分学生反映做阅读时很难投入进去，有一点原因就是对于文章所述内容太过陌生，如果你对其略知一二，相信定会有所不同。比如有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表，对于高中生来说再熟悉不过了，阅读的时候半读半猜，估计也可以理解的八九不离十了。
若考试准备时间充足，可以多加涉猎，扩充自己的知识背景;若时间紧张，则需搞定TPO套题。根据文章记忆单词，并不是文章中出现的每一个“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词，尤其是出现在句子主干中，与解题有关的词汇。
除了词汇，应学会分析题干及题目，比如题干中出现了effect，conclusion之类的词，其实已经界定了我们寻找的范围——段落靠后的部分，还有就是观点性和总结性的句子永远会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项，进行对比，比如句子简化题，做一题需要看五个长句，似乎很花费时间，但并不需要每个句子都要细看，而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干，抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。
1、时间对比推理
在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
2、集合概念推理
一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。
3、一般对比推理
在文章中介绍事物1的特征，并给出了事物1、2的特征对比，然后问事物2的特征，解答题目时只要将事物1的特征否定掉就可以。
遇到这类题型，考生先不要盲目看选项，而要有个大致的解题思路。题干中一般给出关键词A，学生根据题目出现位置对应到段落，找到关键词所在句子;然后根据内容依据以上说明判断题目属于三种推理类型的哪一种;最后根据类型对应的解题方法答题。
实例解析
The story of the westward movement of population in the US is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815, improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?
A. They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton.
B. They were able to sell their produce at high prices
C. They had not been successful in raising cattle.
D. They did not operate in a national market economy.
思路分析
根据题干关键词western farmers prior to 1815定位(重点关注年代)，可以看到关于“After 1815”的信息，这里就可以猜测解题用到时间对比。只要把18之后的内容看懂了，并且在这个内容前面加not即可。文中说到，改善的交通使得越来越多的西部农民摆脱了自给自足的生活，并且进入了国家性的市场经济，那个时候货物的价格很多，所以向西迁移的速率也大幅增长。所以选项D是正确的。
托福阅读背景材料之性格决定魅力
If you exhibit positive traits such as honesty and helpfulness， the chances are that you will be perceived as a good looking person， for a new study has found that the perception of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person's personality.
The study， led by Gary W. Lewandowski， Jr， found that people who exhibit negative traits， such as unfairness and rudeness， appear to be less physically attractive to observers.
In the study， the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information on personality traits.
After personality information was received， participants also rated the desirability of each individual as a friend and as a dating partner.
Information on personality was found to significantly alter perceived desirability， showing that cognitive processes modify judgments of attractiveness.
“Perceiving a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind，” said Lewandowski.
The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater desirability as a friend， which leads to greater desirability as a romantic partner and， ultimately， to being viewed as more physically attractive.
The findings remained consistent regardless of how “attractive” the individual was initially perceived to be， or of the participants' current relationship status or commitment level with a partner.
What would you think of this lady's physical attractiveness if she exhibited bad personal traits?
“This research provides a more positive alternative by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness; it can even change people's impressions of how good looking you are，” said Lewandowski.
如果你表现出诚实和乐于助人等美好品质，那么别人会觉得你的外表也很迷人。一项最新研究发现，一个人的性格会影响别人对他或她的外表吸引力的看法。
该项由盖里?W?勒万多维斯基负责的研究发现，人们认为，表现出不诚实和粗鲁等恶劣品质的人外表也不够吸引人。
研究对象首先观看了一组异性的照片，随后分别在得知照片中人物的性格特点之前和之后给他们的外表评分。
研究对象在得知照片中人物的性格特点后，还对与其中每个人交朋友或做恋人的期望值进行了评分。
研究人员发现，有关人物性格特点的信息大大改变了之前的喜好度评分，研究对象的认知过程改变了他们对照片中人物外表的评价。
勒万多维斯基说：“总的来说，如果人们认为一个人的性格较好，那么他们会觉得无论与这个人做朋友还是做恋人都更合适。”
研究结果表明，人们更期望与性格较好的人交朋友、成为恋人，从而会认为他们的外表更迷人。
无论照片中人物给人的“第一印象”怎样、或者研究对象目前的情感关系状况以及与伴侣的亲密程度如何，研究结果都是一致的。
勒万多维斯基说：“该研究提出了一个更为积极的观点，它提醒人们，性格在很大程度上能决定你的吸引力;性格甚至能够改变人们对于你外表的印象。”
大量的托福阅读背景知识积累对于托福阅读非常有帮助，不管是英文原版还是中文翻译版，同学们都可以大量去阅读，熟悉内容即可。
托福阅读背景知识之水烟的危害
World health experts warned Thursday that smoking water pipes, long popular in the Middle East and North Africa and with a growing fan base elsewhere, can be more harmful than cigarettes.
世界卫生专家近期警告称， 在中东和北非盛行的水烟危害程度可能比香烟更大，全球其他地区也有越来越多的水烟爱好者。
“A single puff from a water pipe is nearly equal to the volume of smoke inhaled from an entire cigarette,” said The Tobacco Atlas launched at the World Conference on Tobacco OR Health in Abu Dhabi.
在阿布扎比的世界烟草或健康大会上推出的世界烟草图册显示;“从水烟管吸入一口的烟量几乎等于吸入一整只香烟的量。”
And World Health Organization tobacco expert Edouard Tursan d'Espaignet said ”one session of shisha (water pipe) can be equal to smoking 20 to 30 cigarettes in one go, which can be very dangerous.“
世界卫生组织烟草专家爱德华·图尔桑·艾斯帕内特说“吸食一次什莎(水烟)的量可能等于一口气吸食20到30只香烟的量，这是很危险的。”
The water pipe, variously known as a hubbly-bubbly, hookah, shisha or nargileh, has become a major worry for anti-tobacco campaigners as its is popularised across university campuses, overlooked by regulators.
水烟的叫法五花八门，如 hubbly-bubbly，hookah，shisha或者nargileh，而因为其在大学校园颇为流行并被管理者忽视，所以水烟已成为反烟运动者主要的担忧。
In recent years, its use has spread to the United States, Europe and, to a lesser extent,South America.
近年来，水烟已流入美国、欧洲和南美的部分地区。
Gemma Vestal of the WHO's Tobacco Free Initiative told AFP that while shishas were previously the domain of older males, ”younger people between 18- and 24-years old living in cities and educated“ are increasingly smoking them.
世界卫生组织无烟倡议行动的杰玛·维斯塔说，虽然先前吸食水烟的群体是老年男性，但是越来越多年龄在18岁到24岁之间、住在城市且受过教育的年轻人都开始吸食水烟。
The chairman of pathology and laboratory medicine at the American University of Beirut, Ghazi Zaatari, says aromatic flavourings known as maasal added to the tobacco offer younger smokers a ”smoother and more tolerated“ alternative to the taste of traditional tobacco.
贝鲁特美国大学的病理学和实验室医学主席加齐·扎泰里说，水烟中添加的一种叫做maasal的芳香味道给年轻烟民提供了比传统烟草“更顺畅，更易接受”的味道。
And the ”water pipe has an interesting design because it somewhat engages your five senses. You're holding the hose, there’s something you're looking at, there is the aroma, there is the sound of the bubbling and there is this kind of sensational thing with the social gathering.“
而且水烟的设计很有趣，因为它从某种程度上同时调动吸烟者的五官感受。你拿着烟管，你看着它，它有香味，它有冒泡的声音，此外，在社交聚会中吸水烟是一件多么美妙的事。
In social gatherings that last for an average of an hour, the smoker can quickly get ”hooked on it because of the nicotine.“
在持续平均一小时的社交聚会中，水烟吸食者会迅速对它上瘾，因为它含有尼古丁。
Moreover, the smoke from charcoal used to heat the tobacco contains toxins.
此外，用于加热烟草木炭释放的烟雾也含有毒素。
The WHO said harmful effects include impact on the ”respiratory system, cardiovascular system, oral activity and teeth.“
世界卫生组织称，它会对人的健康造成危害，包括损坏呼吸系统，心血管系统，口腔活动和牙齿等。
In addition to the dangers of lung cancer, data also suggest probable associations with oral, oesophageal, gastric, and urinary bladder cancer, as well as chronic bronchitis, cardiovascular disease, stroke as well as other illnesses.
除了肺癌的危险，数据还表明吸食水烟的危害可能与口腔癌、食管癌、胃癌和膀胱癌，以及慢性支气管炎、心血管疾病、中风，以及其他疾病相关联。
Global tobacco companies are increasingly investing in the water pipe business, experts say, while little has been done to curb their use, despite a crackdown on cigarettes.
专家表示，全球的烟草公司正越来越多地投资于水烟行业，但是除了打击烟草行业以外，对于水烟的消费没有任何限制措施。
According to The Tobacco Atlas, ”water pipes fall into a less heavily or un-regulated group of tobacco products“ in most countries.
根据烟草图册介绍，水烟在大多数国家是不受严重监管或不监管的烟草产品。 ”There has been a gap for a while and now hopefully, with this global effort, they (tobacco regulators) are coming back to emphasise the importance of including the water pipe in all these policies and regulations on tobacco,“ Zaatari said.
“这个缺口已经存在一段时间了，希望通过全球的努力，他们(烟草监管者)能够强调将水烟纳入所有烟草政策和法规监管的重要性，”扎泰里说。
Brazil has taken measures to ban flavourings, while Turkey has extended warning labelling from cigarette packets to include the water pipe.
巴西已经采取措施禁止在水烟中加入香料，同时土耳其已将之前有关香烟烟盒上必须有警告标志的规定执行范围扩展至水烟领域。
And the ruler of the UAE emirate of Sharjah has banned the use of water pipes altogether, earning him an award this week from the WHO.
阿拉伯联合酋长国的沙迦酋长国国王已下令彻底禁止吸食水烟，世界卫生组织因此给他颁了一个奖。
Vocabulary
pathology：病理学
hose：软管
aroma：香味
oesophageal cancer：食道癌
urinary bladder cancer：膀胱癌
托福趣味阅读之麦兜的鱼丸粗面
McDull: Fish ball noodle, please.
麦兜：麻烦你，鱼丸粗面!
School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.
老板：没有粗面了。
McDull: Fish ball rice noodle then.
麦兜：这样啊……来一碗鱼丸河粉吧。
School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.
老板：没有鱼丸。
McDull: Chicken wing noodle then.
麦兜：这样啊……金钱肚粗面好了。
School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.
老板：没有粗面。
McDull: How about fish ball congee?
麦兜：那么要鱼丸油面吧。
School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.
老板：没有鱼丸。
McDull: Nothing left today? How about beef noodle?
麦兜：怎么样样都没了?那要个墨鱼丸粗面吧。
School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.
老板：没有粗面。
McDull: Again? Fried chicken wing with fish ball...
麦兜：又没啊?那麻烦来碗鱼丸金钱肚吧。
School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.
老板：没有鱼丸。
Darby: Hey, fish ball and noodle are both gone... You can't combine them with other things.
得巴：麦兜啊，鱼丸和粗面都卖光了，也就是所有的鱼丸或者粗面的搭配都没有了。
McDull: Can't combine them? A bowl of fish ball then.
麦兜：哦~没有那些搭配啊?那麻烦要净鱼丸吧。
School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.
老板：没有鱼丸。
McDull: A bowl of noodle?
麦兜：那么净粗面呢?
School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.
老板：没有粗面
托福阅读四大题型解题思路讲解
新托福阅读题目和旧托福考试相比，有一定改变。并从ETS公布的样题来看，新托福考试阅读中有两类题目不再出现：(1)主旨题。因为新托福阅读文章都带有标题，所以原来几乎每篇文章都会出现的全文主旨题不再出现。(2)行数对应题。新托福阅读文章不再像旧托福文章一样标注行号，所以行数对应题目自然就消失了。另外，旧托福考试中对应文章某处词汇并举的简单排除题在样题中没有出现，但是我们不能确定在正式的考题中是否会出现这一类题型。
按照ETS对样题的解释，阅读部分的题目类型包括fact, inference, insert text, not/except, pronoun reference, rhetorical purpose, vocabulary, sentence simplification, prose summary, schematic table十类。其中，文本插入(insert text)、句子简化(sentence simplification)、文章小结(prose summary)和示意表格(schematic table)这四类题是旧托福中没有的。
A、文本插入：在原文某段落中标记四个位置，要求考生选择最为合适的位置插入题目所给出的一个句子。这类题目实际上在旧托福的机考中已经存在，其主要目的是考察考生对段落结构的掌握和语言连贯性的知识，对于考生来说难度不大。
B、句子简化：在原文中高亮标记一个句子，要求考生从四个选项中选择能够简要表达此句子核心信息的描述。这类题型考察考生对句子的分析和理解能力，以及多样化表达的能力，要求考生能准确理解句子的含义，并能区分核心信息、边缘信息及无关信息。
C、文章小结：题目根据文章内容给出一个概述性的句子，要求考生从6个选项中选择3个表达文章重要观点的概述性句子，从而完成对文章整体内容的概括和小结。这类题目要求考生对文章结构和框架性内容把握准确，并能有效区分文章核心信息和非核心的细节信息。
D、示意表格：题目要求考生对选项内容按照文章的表述进行分类，根据文章的内容把选项填入对应的分类表格中。从样题来看，考生需要从7个选项中选择5个选项进行分类。这类题目主要考察考生对细节内容的掌握，需要考生准确理解文章所涉及到的重要细节。
在这几类题目中，文章小结和示意表格都是多项选择题目，按照ETS的解释，这两类题目的原始分值为2分或3分，而其他类型的题目分值为1分
四种新题考查目的清晰，考查的是考生对文章内涵的理解能力和整体结构的把握能力及对细节的敏锐程度。”ETS在本次网上测试中公布的新托福全真试题的确变化较大，出现了一些新题型，听力和语法部分的考查形式改动也较多。但是，这些新题型只是相对现行托福而言，其实题目早见过，不过是借鉴了美国其他一些考试而已。"
另外，阅读由五篇文章改成三篇文章，时间由55分钟变为60分钟，也是新托福的显着变化之一。考生先前传闻阅读部分难度增加了，每篇文章的长度增加了近50%，出现了几种新题型，考生的认识也不无道理。
重要观点题为多项选择题,答案不定项，而句子入位题实际上在美国的CAT(计算机适应性考试)中早就出现了,要求考生快速了解文章的结构，提炼中心思想。句子解释题就细节而言，是让考生解释文章中某句话的内涵，有些考生误把它当作是翻译就大错特错了。这种题在美国SAT考试(相当于国内的高考) 中很普遍，只要多练习，难度也不大。
托福技巧：托福阅读长难句如何巧妙攻破?
很多考生在准备托福考试的时候，总会发现部分托福考试中的句子远远超出了自己的能力范围。这就是我们所说的托福阅读长难句，托福长难句在考试中最直接的运用就是考察插入句子题和解释句子题，下面，新东方网托福频道就为大家介绍攻克托福阅读长难句的四种逻辑关系。
1.因果关系
因：because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with
果：so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly
因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。
隐性因果：
A 导致(因-果)：cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, support, push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for
如：The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs.
在这段话中，有lead to，表示了导致的意思，即结果;而so that 更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。
B 由…而来(果-因)：result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, be responsive to, be attributable to
如：“The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.”
在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。
C 反映，体现(果-因)：reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show This result demonstrates that…
D 考虑到：given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according to He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort.
E 依赖于：rely on, depend on, resort to, He resorted to books when he had problems.
F 条件关系：when, once, as soon as, as long as As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.
G 分词短语，不定式做状语：Failing in the final exam, she cried.
2.对比转折关系
A 对比：while, whereas, on the other hand
在解释句子题、插入句子题中，一旦出现对比关系，学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While, whereas 前后连接的是平行结构，on the other hand前必定有on one hand，可以用来把握句间关系。
B 转折：but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however
转折是托福阅读的一个经典考点之一，掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助。
3.比较关系
A 同级比较 as…as
B 比较级：more…than, -er than, less…than
C 变化：change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop, progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain
D 差异：different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…to E 超越：surpass, exceed, excel, over F 最高级 1)本身有最高级含义：maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top 2) 本身程度比较深：amazing, surprising, astonishing, prohibitively high 3) 否定+比较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him.
从这句话中可以看出，否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系。
4.否定关系
显性否定：no, not, never, nor, none neither 隐形否定：fail to, refuse, remove, miss, reject, absence of, lack of 否定前缀：a-, ab-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, non- , un- 否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点，把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词，依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。
双重否定：not fail to, not illegal, not uncommon, not unavailable 双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式，由于在平时中文对话中用的很少，随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。
托福技巧：如何提高托福阅读速度?
我们对一个句子的理解，有很多种解释。通常人们看到一个句子，会首先确定单词。这个时间很快，快到我们反映不过来，不过语言学家们已经证实有这个过程。确定单词后，大脑会反应单词的意思。最先反应的是经常用到的意思。比如The old manthe boat. 这里，眼睛定位单词后，大脑迅速把old man认为是一个名词组。当我们接着看，感觉不对，才会回头去分析这个句子。
这个理论告诉我们，你大脑中的高频词，直接影响你对句子的理解。应用到托福阅读考试中，各位需要把各个学科的高频词多看一下，比如生物的光合作用、新陈代谢，地理的地壳、_X岩石之类的。 对各种名词片语、动词片语进行修饰的形容词，副词。说起来很多，其实各位有坚持做老托真题和新托的黄金23篇，可以发现这些词语重复率很高。
另外，人对句子的理解是线性的。语言能力越差的(比如小孩子)，只能理解句子的越前面，造成理解错误。(此理论仅限英语。中文不行，其他各种语言本人水平有限，不知道)从小孩子的实验来看，3到5岁的小孩理解句子只能记住前面部分。比如：Put the frog on the red paper in the box.小孩子会把青蛙放到红纸上。这里可以看到，他们阅读的时候把句子意思理解错了，没有看完。但是，非常有趣的现象是，这句话我们说给小孩子听的时候，100%的小孩子都做出了正确的选择 - 即把红纸上的青蛙装到了盒子里。
语言学给出了我们解释，影响人们认知句子的，还有语音。根据这个实验，再结合平时我自己的情况，我推出了一个有理论依据的猜测： 阅读时候习惯读出声来的，会让你对句子的理解偏靠语音!从而让你对直接托福阅读句子的能力下降!很多人肯定喜欢边阅读边读，感觉这样可以加深理解。我同意，但是，如果你花了30分钟在阅和读上，那至少再花30分钟在阅上!不能让读的时间超过你看的时间。
就像我以前一样，喜欢边看边读，结果习惯了，看文章的时候，眼睛已经定位一个比较长的词语，很熟悉很熟悉，但是语音还没读到那个单词上，我的思维就卡住了，直到我读出了那个单词，我才知道这个单词的意思。 这里可以看到，我已经对语音很依赖了!这个现象非常危险。
朗读的速度太慢了，浪费时间。而且ETS给出的文章中有大量故意制造的难句，就像刚才的例子：The old man the boat，肯定要导致你回头重读。你的时间是不够的。
其实我们提高托福阅读速度的前提是在理解了文章的整体含义的基础上的，所以天道小编提醒考生，如果能够在阅读的时候从更多的角度切入准备，就会不知不觉中提高阅读速度和理解的质量了。
