下面是小编收集整理的托福独立口语如何构造观点实现快速答题(共含3篇),供大家参考借鉴,欢迎大家分享。同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“蓝色幽灵”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
实例1:Watch a movie at theatre or watch the movie at home, which one do you prefer?
要在电影院看电影,还是在家看电影之间做选择。从个人感受来想,大家多数可能都会选择去电影院看电影,但是除了说big screen,或者永远也不知道怎么用英文表示的“热闹”之外,大家就不知道再怎么继续说下去了。其实,不妨从Time & Money方面来考虑,我们是否能把话题说的更具逻辑性和更具体呢?
Time - watch the movie at home.
在家看电影是最省时间的方式了。如果去电影院看电影,家住得远的还要大老远跑到市中心去看。为了看热门电影,还要排长队买票,买完票后还要等好久才能看到电影。从这些经历来看,确实,在家看电影也不错。
I prefer to watch the movie at home because of the matter of time. I mean, watching movies at theatre is time-consuming. Once, when I planned to watch the movie at cinema, I have to reach there at least one hour in advance. What’s more, for those box office movies, I have to wait a long queue to get the ticket and wait until the beginning of the movie.
Money - helps to save money.
在家看省钱。不出家门,就能看到电影。而去电影院看电影,路上要花钱pay for the transport,买票要花钱fees for tickets,看电影还要带着点零食和饮料money spend on snacks and beverages,这样一罗列,确实在家能省好多。
Another reason is the matter of cost. I mean, watching at theatre costs more than at home. To be more specific, I have to pay for the transport and there are fees for tickets. Sometimes, I have to spend money on snacks and beverages. So I think watching at home is a more cost-effective way.
通过以上两个段落,把时间和金钱两个观点整合起来,那我们就可以得到一个完整的独立题的逻辑表达了。
实例2:Celebrate the birthday in holding a party or celebrate the birthday quietly, which one do you prefer?
要我们在办生日party和一个人默默无闻地过生日之间进行选择。如果大家选择办个party,理由1. 热闹 2. 礼物。那我们如何快速地从时间和成本的角度想呢?
省时间 — 一个人过
I prefer to celebrate the birthday alone because of the problem of time. You know, as a university student, in addition to the academic work, I have joined in lots of school clubs. Every day, I have a tight schedule. What’s more, in order to holding a party, I have to design and decorate the place ahead of time, which will, all cost lots of time.
成本低 — 一个人过
Another reason is that holding a party costs lots of money. I mean, I have to rent a place which can accommodate all my friends. What’s more, the food and decoration can also be a burden for the freshman who does not have income like me. It is better to celebrate quietly.同样,我们把时间和成本整合起来就可以对我们的话题进行完整描述了。
实例3:Take a real trip or trip virtually by reading the books and articles, which one do you prefer?
是喜欢真正的旅行,还是喜欢在书本文章中畅游呢?很多同学的第一反应是更喜欢真正的旅行。说到真正的旅行,大家想到的就4个字:身临其境。对于很多托福话题,大家想说的其实并不好说。我们不妨从另一个角度进行构思,看看会不会好说一点。
通过看书来虚拟旅游,必然是省钱,比如说路费、门票、住宿、餐饮等等。
I prefer to virtually take the trip. Because it is a very economical way which can save me lots of money. To be more specific, I do not have to pay for the transport on the road, entrance tickets to the tourist attraction or even the accommodation. Instead, I only need to buy the book from the store or borrow them from the library. It will not cost as much as the real trip.
其次,这种虚拟旅游还很节省时间。如果要去逛逛欧洲、亚洲各个经典地方,我们花半天读读书就好了,照样有风景和图片。另外,平时旅游回来都会特别累,还要花些时间调整一下。这样说来,读书确实比较省时间。
Furthermore, by reading the books or articles, we are able to save lots of time. Say, within half a day, we can finish our trip to Paris and Tokyo by buying the books from the book store or borrowing them from the library. Also, usually, we need an extra week or several days to adjust ourselves after the real trip. But by means of reading, it will not cost us too much time to do the adjustment.
当然,小编并不想去限制大家的独创观点,只是要说明它是一个能够解大家燃眉之急的方法。它能让考生在短时间内构造自己的观点。当然从这两个方面切入话题,大家也会觉得内容更充实更具体,得分自然也就更理想了。
托福口语独立部分人物高分语料库
托福口语评分标准中出了natural、spontaneous、improvised等类似的字眼,译为自然即兴的,也就是说rater评分者更希望看到考生即兴的发挥而不是死板机械的背诵;但是如果考生平时不积累一些相关语料库想必也不会达到信手拈来的地步,为此笔者给大家带来一系列托福独立口语部分中的常见话题语料库,希望大家在背诵的基础上把题目回答的更自然。
本文给大家带来关于人物的语料库,在托福独立部分的考题中人物类话题占相当比重,出题形式多变,如描述你一个你仰慕的人,一个合格的父母、老师、领导者、队友、邻居、朋友等等所应具备的性格特点;再如你是喜欢做个领导者还是追随者。请看以下真题的英文版:
Describe the characteristics of a good teacher. Please state with specific examples and details.
Who is the person you admire the most? Please give specific details and examples in your explanation.
Describe the characteristics of friends, use specific examples to support your statement.
To be a leader or a follower, which do you prefer? Please give your opinion with specific examples and details.
What do you think are the characteristics of a good parent?
What kind of qualities should a good leader possess?Please state your opinion and give specific details and examples in your explanation.
不难发现不管人物的角色如何变化,我们总能找到一些共有的特质如勤奋、聪明、吃苦耐劳、坚强、乐于助人、有感染力、散发正能量、诚实守信等等。接下来笔者分享以下教学中自己的积累关于人物性格特点的词、短语、句子和段子,希望广大考生可以参考。
人物性格特点Good qualities of people:
随和、社交能力:
Sociable, people/communication/interpersonal skills Laid-back, easy-going
例句:
小伙伴Alex的社交能力太强啦:
Well, the person I admire is my best friend Alex. He is a very laid-back and easygoing person, who basically gets along well with anyone, and I look up to him, cuz he can be friends with anyone within minutes with his magical social skills.
意志力、坚强、独立:
perseverance, persistent, fortitude, willpower, be determined to do s/th, determination, independent
例句:
Tony是个意志坚决的人,值得学习:
· Well, the person I admire is my best friend Tony. I would not say he is a smart or intelligent person, but the fortitude and willpower he has to achieve something he really aspires are so contagious.
每当要放弃的时候想到Tony顿时像打了鸡血一样:
· Whenever I feel like I lost faith in myself in face of hardships and failure, and think about him. I get so pumped up and read to head in the right direction and move on, like when I am preparing the TOEFL exam, I sometime get frustrated with all these words and passages.
同情心、怜悯之心、慷慨之心:
Nice, warm-hearted, compassionate ,ready to help others and reach out, affectionate , considerate, generous,
例句:
慈悲为怀、常存慈悲之心:
I would say the person that I admire most is my mom. She is the one who taught to how to be a person with love from day one, and sets a very good example for me with her kindly heart, to care about others, be compassionate about the unlucky.
积极、正向、激情、传递正能量:
inspirational, motivating, Optimistic, passionate,
spread positive energy, contagious, vigorous, a great zeal for life
例句:
积极入世、传递正能量:
I would say a good quality of a friend is positive attitude. you know, I am the kind of person who sometimes lacks confidence and motivation. Someone who has a great zeal for life and spreads positive energy is definitely a valuable friend and he can surely help me to foresee a brighter future and move on with my life whenever I am down.
诚信、正直、公信力、领导力:
trustworthy, strong leadership, management skills, father figure, honest, integrity, authenticity, genuineness, dignity
注:在回答leader 和influential person的时候可以用以上的语料。
例句:
力王狂澜的领导力:
· I would say someone who is qualified as a team leader should have strong leadership skills, and they should be a problem solver.
赏罚分明、公允的对待下属:
· Plus, they should be honest and genuine, cuz, people like to hear good comments about themselves even though they might not deserve the praise.
给下属最真实的反馈:
· A good leader should be straightforward, not filling group members with what they want to hear but what they need to hear, even if it is bad news.
托福口语如何把握基本语法原则
我们一起来看下面的托福口语例子:
My teacher gave interesting assignments andmotivating the students.
很显然,这个托福考试口语错误属于混用语法结构的一个典型。这会使句子产生歧义:难道是说My teacher gave interesting andmotivating assignments to the students? 因为本句中interesting和motivating 是平行结构. 或者是My teachergave interesting assignments and motivated thestudents? 因为亦可以理解成gave和 motivated是平行结构.所以错误使用语法会带来许多意想不到的麻烦。
当我们重复使用一个短语或单词的时候,不仅会给人以词汇量过小的感觉,有时甚至也会造成误解,这对于托福口语分数是很有影响的。我们来看一个例子:
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. The assignment was on thechalkboard until the teacher erased the assignment after we had all done the assignment.事实上这句话的观点会更加清晰,如果我们将重复的词替换为其他表达的话。我们再来看看改进后的表达:
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. She erased the board after we had allcompleted the task.
其中 assignment 被替换为 task; teacher 变为了she; chalkboard 被改为了board. 不但句子显得更加生动活泼不刻板,信息量也比原来要多了。
托福口语怎样练好流利度和连贯性
托福口语是一种对语言的运用,平时我们在说话的时候都是比较流利的交谈,可能并没有注意这方面的问题,在新托福口语中流利程度也是一个重要的标准,对于托福口语学习来说这个曾经不是很受重视的问题现在也需要关注了。
影响托福口语流利度的因素通常有两个,第一个是自身语言储备不够,另一个原因是因为心理素质不够强大。关于语言的积累,那真是要费一番功夫。一个良好的学习习惯非常重要,需要量化到每天背多少单词,多少句子。这里就不详细讲了。关于心理素质方面,很值得探讨,因为你想想,我们前面的准备工作都做好了,如果因为感觉不好意思而丢分的话,那就亏大发了。
而这种情况在新托福口语考试中时长发生, 比如:不敢大声说话,对着话筒低低的说,比如一听到邻座说的很流畅,自己就乱了阵脚。更有甚者,原来背熟的段子,全部忘记了,只好临场再编,然后编的内容又不好。针对这些问题,怎么办呢?有没有改善的方法呢。
当然有!首先我们清楚一个事实,那就是每个人都是去考试去了,不是去秀英语了,他们根本就没有时间来关注你,所以你不用为自己的口语水平暂时的不好感到尴尬。其次,如果你很容易受到外界环境的干扰,那么在你平常练习的时候就要有意识的在一些相对嘈杂的环境中也做一定量的练习了。
比如,在托福口语学习时找两个好友读英文课文,然后你在一边大声说出你已经熟练的段子。很重要的一点,考前一定要再找一两套TPO的题把6个task按照时间规定进行严格试考。总而言之,你的心态和平常的练习的方式都会最终影响你的流利度。
实例1:Watch a movie at theatre or watch the movie at home, which one do you prefer?
要在电影院看电影,还是在家看电影之间做选择。从个人感受来想,大家多数可能都会选择去电影院看电影,但是除了说big screen,或者永远也不知道怎么用英文表示的“热闹”之外,大家就不知道再怎么继续说下去了。其实,不妨从Time & Money方面来考虑,我们是否能把话题说的更具逻辑性和更具体呢?
Time - watch the movie at home.
在家看电影是最省时间的方式了。如果去电影院看电影,家住得远的还要大老远跑到市中心去看。为了看热门电影,还要排长队买票,买完票后还要等好久才能看到电影。从这些经历来看,确实,在家看电影也不错。
I prefer to watch the movie at home because of the matter of time. I mean, watching movies at theatre is time-consuming. Once, when I planned to watch the movie at cinema, I have to reach there at least one hour in advance. What’s more, for those box office movies, I have to wait a long queue to get the ticket and wait until the beginning of the movie.
Money - helps to save money.
在家看省钱。不出家门,就能看到电影。而去电影院看电影,路上要花钱pay for the transport,买票要花钱fees for tickets,看电影还要带着点零食和饮料money spend on snacks and beverages,这样一罗列,确实在家能省好多。
Another reason is the matter of cost. I mean, watching at theatre costs more than at home. To be more specific, I have to pay for the transport and there are fees for tickets. Sometimes, I have to spend money on snacks and beverages. So I think watching at home is a more cost-effective way.
通过以上两个段落,把时间和金钱两个观点整合起来,那我们就可以得到一个完整的独立题的逻辑表达了。
实例2:Celebrate the birthday in holding a party or celebrate the birthday quietly, which one do you prefer?
要我们在办生日party和一个人默默无闻地过生日之间进行选择。如果大家选择办个party,理由1. 热闹 2. 礼物。那我们如何快速地从时间和成本的角度想呢?
省时间 — 一个人过
I prefer to celebrate the birthday alone because of the problem of time. You know, as a university student, in addition to the academic work, I have joined in lots of school clubs. Every day, I have a tight schedule. What’s more, in order to holding a party, I have to design and decorate the place ahead of time, which will, all cost lots of time.
成本低 — 一个人过
Another reason is that holding a party costs lots of money. I mean, I have to rent a place which can accommodate all my friends. What’s more, the food and decoration can also be a burden for the freshman who does not have income like me. It is better to celebrate quietly.同样,我们把时间和成本整合起来就可以对我们的话题进行完整描述了。
实例3:Take a real trip or trip virtually by reading the books and articles, which one do you prefer?
是喜欢真正的旅行,还是喜欢在书本文章中畅游呢?很多同学的第一反应是更喜欢真正的旅行。说到真正的旅行,大家想到的就4个字:身临其境。对于很多托福话题,大家想说的其实并不好说。我们不妨从另一个角度进行构思,看看会不会好说一点。
通过看书来虚拟旅游,必然是省钱,比如说路费、门票、住宿、餐饮等等。
I prefer to virtually take the trip. Because it is a very economical way which can save me lots of money. To be more specific, I do not have to pay for the transport on the road, entrance tickets to the tourist attraction or even the accommodation. Instead, I only need to buy the book from the store or borrow them from the library. It will not cost as much as the real trip.
其次,这种虚拟旅游还很节省时间。如果要去逛逛欧洲、亚洲各个经典地方,我们花半天读读书就好了,照样有风景和图片。另外,平时旅游回来都会特别累,还要花些时间调整一下。这样说来,读书确实比较省时间。
Furthermore, by reading the books or articles, we are able to save lots of time. Say, within half a day, we can finish our trip to Paris and Tokyo by buying the books from the book store or borrowing them from the library. Also, usually, we need an extra week or several days to adjust ourselves after the real trip. But by means of reading, it will not cost us too much time to do the adjustment.
当然,小编并不想去限制大家的独创观点,只是要说明它是一个能够解大家燃眉之急的方法。它能让考生在短时间内构造自己的观点。当然从这两个方面切入话题,大家也会觉得内容更充实更具体,得分自然也就更理想了。
托福口语回答如何切题
如果说考试都是一个从输出到输入的过程,理解题目要求则属输入,给出答案便是输出。从托福的评分标准来看,答题过程中,清晰是关键。接下来,老师将从音节,单词,句子,篇章等四个层面做进一步阐述。
首先从音节的角度考虑语音语调的问题。写到这,肯定有读者质疑语音语调更应该与单词,句子放在一起考虑。这个道理我固然知道,只是实际情况是中国考生很难在短时间内在单词连音、重度或者句子的语调上有重大突破,这正如让一个参加汉语水平等级考试的美国人在短时间内搞定汉语中的儿化音一样困难,非经过长时间专业指导和训练不可。对于中国托福考生来说,做到吐音清晰是第一步,也是最重要的一步。毕竟这是机考,考官听不清,考生没有像雅思那样立即被Pardon的机会。
第二步便是字词,通览官方评分标准,没有提及所谓的高级词汇,拿四分的要求也只是:“Contains generally effective word choice. Though some minor(systematic) errors or imprecise use may be noticeable, they do not obscure meaning”.到这可能又有读者质疑“enthusiastic about”比起“crazy about”在表达喜欢时不如后者“effective”?其实这个问题又回到了音节的语音语调上来,中国学生很少能读准“enthusiastic about”,如果知道它和“crazy about”一个意思,还要冒着吐音不够清晰的险为了给考官一个“高级”的印象可能得不偿失,因为到时考官可能不知你要说什么。总的来说,从选词来看,用自己最拿手的最重要,这样才可能表意清晰,否则可能要冒“obscure meaning”的险丢分。再强调一句,我没说丢更多的分,是因为标准里面没有说用初中词汇会扣分。
到了句子这个层面也是一样,引述评分标准:“the response demonstrates good control of basic and complex grammatical structures that allow for coherent and efficient expression of relevant ideas”.复杂的语法结构固然重要,但是做不到使句子之间结构条理清晰的“复杂”也是徒劳,反而不如简单句表意来得明了有效。而且笔者注意到,拿到三分的标准只字未提一定要使用复杂的句式结构。所有除了极少数具有冲击满分实力的同学可以尝试使用复杂结构,我们并不建议其他的大多数同学使用,对于这些同学来说,句子之间简明清晰地结构更重要。
最后一点从段落篇章的角度讲,无论是总分总的结构,还是一议一例的结构,语意段之间的停顿时必须的,做笔记的时候用用关系词也可以帮助自己强化已经理清的思路。只有这样,考生才能给考官一个整体明晰的思路。笔者也建议答题最好开门见山,这是实现清晰最大化的捷径,毕竟考官给点算分。
托福口语备考攻略
在托福考试备考中,口语作为托福考试中的输出性单项,被大家公认为是四项中最抽象、最难以入手练习的科目,它不仅考察大家对于基本词汇、语法、句型的理解能力,更多需要大家实际去组合、表达和灵活运用,由于考题杂、涉及话题广、深度大令不少同学头疼不已。
很多学生口语部分做题量极少,仅仅认为凭借自己高超的日常口语会话能力就可以一步登天,对此我不能赞同。其中托福口语的第一题就是叙述题,对考生的思维应对能力有较高要求。很多同学事先背了很多模板,但面对一些比较陌生的叙述问题却缺乏应对经验导致表现不佳影响得分。那叙述性问题该如何准备?
在叙述的过程中应该合理地利用逻辑词汇,使文章的逻辑顺畅条理清晰。我们的说话习惯常常靠上下文去分析句与句的关系,但是西方人不同他们习惯用逻辑连接词来表达句子关系,论点的叙述则应该尽量在草稿上简单罗列,讲述时由浅至深增强逻辑性与条理性。
在描述时应该尽量将抽象的话语具体化,不能很空泛地喊口号做呼吁这样常常收效甚微,西方人习惯十分具体生动的描述如描述环境很优美,不应该仅仅说“it's beautiful outside”,而可以去描述flower、tree、bird等细节,增强生动性。
托福口语中一定要避免“啊”,“额”等卡壳、回读情况,在规定答题时间内做到表述流畅、不回读,可以通过对镜子练习可以逐步提升口语熟练度,从而减少卡壳回读现象。还要避免一些常犯的错误。比如,看清考题问的是现在的事,还是过去的事。如果是过去的事情,一定要注意时态的使用。一律都要用过去式。再比如,看清考题提问的范围,紧紧围绕话题来进行,切记不能跑题。不管说的好与不好,大方向上先不能错。这样进行托福口语备考,才可以取得明显的进步。
托福口语练习方法分享
一、熟读备考指导 ,了解托福口语题型
知己知彼,百战不殆。建议考生在备考之前熟读备考指导 。备考指导是大陆地区考生唯一可以获得的由发布的托福考试权威辅导书。书中对于考试形式,内容以及评分标准都做了全面清楚的解释。备考指导 可以为我们备考托福口语指引方向,提升备考的实力!
二、采用正确的材料练习
了解了托福口语考试到底怎么出题之后,接下来,我们就应该选择一些材料练习!但是自从托福考试进入中国以来,市场中的各种托福口语备考资料可谓是琳琅满目,并不是每一份资料都是可以有效帮助大家备考,提升托福口语成绩的。建议考生选择血统纯正的由官方出版的一些资料,用以帮助自己了解托福口语出题规律,掌握托福口语答题技巧。
三、针对不同的题型总结答题方法和练习技巧
1.独立口语:针对托福独立口语部分重视考生运用具体的事例表达自己观点的特点,建议考生在练习独立口语的时候,把练习册中的独立口语部分按照话题进行归类,然后根据不同的话题准备相应的万能理由和备考素材,并且训练自己在45秒的时间内充分表达自己观点的能力。
2.综合口语:在综合口语考试中的题目除了task5之外,需要考生自己发挥的地方很少,所以建议考生在这一部分着重提升自己针对不同的题目抓去答题要点的能力和方法。比如在task3中考生需要抓住的答题要点是阅读中的学校公告的内容和听力中的一方对于这个公告的观点及其支撑这两个观点的理由;在task4中考生需要抓住的答题要点是阅读文章中的学术类话题的名词及听力中支撑这个观点的例子。
四、改正自己的发音
如果说托福口语的内容是我们送给别人的礼物,那么发音就是这个礼物的外包装。外包装的好与坏也直接关系着我们给别人留下的印象。所以考生需要采用语段朗读法,来纠正自己的发音。
五、模拟真实的考试环境
托福口语考试毕竟是机考,这种考试形式对于很多考生而言并不熟悉,所以建议大家采用天道水平测试在考试之前的两周进行练习,找找临场考试的感觉。
托福口语练习:文艺复兴的画家
【讲课要点】谈painting形式的改变。在文艺复兴Renaissance之前,画看起来是很平的,但文艺复兴之后,绘画就变得更逼真realistic,更有立体感perspective。原因可能有二:
1)是因为画家开始使用相机或者镜子这类视觉装置,画家照着反射在画布上的,自然画得很像realistic。
2)是因为开始使用油画,因为油画oil比别的材料的画干得慢,所以画家有很多时间去修正细节部分,让画看起来perspective。达到最佳角度。
Sample answer: In this lecture, the professor talks about two reasons why the paintings became more realistic and more perspective after Renaissance while the paintings before it seemed flat.
The first reason is that artists began using optical devices like camera and mirror to help them create their works. The professor points out that some artists would reflect an image in a mirror , trace the line on the mirror and then transfer their drawings to the canvas and subsequently paint over them. With this
method, they painted a bowl of fruits with the exact image reflected on the canvas, so the painting is more realistic.
The second reason is the use of oil paint, which dries more slowly than other paints. So it allows artists to spend more time on details. Before the paint gets dried, they could add second coats that are of different shades or colors, which then give their paintings depth, thereby adding perspective to the paintings.
实例1:Watch a movie at theatre or watch the movie at home, which one do you prefer?
要在电影院看电影,还是在家看电影之间做选择。从个人感受来想,大家多数可能都会选择去电影院看电影,但是除了说big screen,或者永远也不知道怎么用英文表示的“热闹”之外,大家就不知道再怎么继续说下去了。其实,不妨从Time & Money方面来考虑,我们是否能把话题说的更具逻辑性和更具体呢?
Time - watch the movie at home.
在家看电影是最省时间的方式了。如果去电影院看电影,家住得远的还要大老远跑到市中心去看。为了看热门电影,还要排长队买票,买完票后还要等好久才能看到电影。从这些经历来看,确实,在家看电影也不错。
I prefer to watch the movie at home because of the matter of time. I mean, watching movies at theatre is time-consuming. Once, when I planned to watch the movie at cinema, I have to reach there at least one hour in advance. What’s more, for those box office movies, I have to wait a long queue to get the ticket and wait until the beginning of the movie.
Money - helps to save money.
在家看省钱。不出家门,就能看到电影。而去电影院看电影,路上要花钱pay for the transport,买票要花钱fees for tickets,看电影还要带着点零食和饮料money spend on snacks and beverages,这样一罗列,确实在家能省好多。
Another reason is the matter of cost. I mean, watching at theatre costs more than at home. To be more specific, I have to pay for the transport and there are fees for tickets. Sometimes, I have to spend money on snacks and beverages. So I think watching at home is a more cost-effective way.
通过以上两个段落,把时间和金钱两个观点整合起来,那我们就可以得到一个完整的独立题的逻辑表达了。
实例2:Celebrate the birthday in holding a party or celebrate the birthday quietly, which one do you prefer?
要我们在办生日party和一个人默默无闻地过生日之间进行选择。如果大家选择办个party,理由1. 热闹 2. 礼物。那我们如何快速地从时间和成本的角度想呢?
省时间 — 一个人过
I prefer to celebrate the birthday alone because of the problem of time. You know, as a university student, in addition to the academic work, I have joined in lots of school clubs. Every day, I have a tight schedule. What’s more, in order to holding a party, I have to design and decorate the place ahead of time, which will, all cost lots of time.
成本低 — 一个人过
Another reason is that holding a party costs lots of money. I mean, I have to rent a place which can accommodate all my friends. What’s more, the food and decoration can also be a burden for the freshman who does not have income like me. It is better to celebrate quietly.同样,我们把时间和成本整合起来就可以对我们的话题进行完整描述了。
实例3:Take a real trip or trip virtually by reading the books and articles, which one do you prefer?
是喜欢真正的旅行,还是喜欢在书本文章中畅游呢?很多同学的第一反应是更喜欢真正的旅行。说到真正的旅行,大家想到的就4个字:身临其境。对于很多托福话题,大家想说的其实并不好说。我们不妨从另一个角度进行构思,看看会不会好说一点。
通过看书来虚拟旅游,必然是省钱,比如说路费、门票、住宿、餐饮等等。
I prefer to virtually take the trip. Because it is a very economical way which can save me lots of money. To be more specific, I do not have to pay for the transport on the road, entrance tickets to the tourist attraction or even the accommodation. Instead, I only need to buy the book from the store or borrow them from the library. It will not cost as much as the real trip.
其次,这种虚拟旅游还很节省时间。如果要去逛逛欧洲、亚洲各个经典地方,我们花半天读读书就好了,照样有风景和图片。另外,平时旅游回来都会特别累,还要花些时间调整一下。这样说来,读书确实比较省时间。
Furthermore, by reading the books or articles, we are able to save lots of time. Say, within half a day, we can finish our trip to Paris and Tokyo by buying the books from the book store or borrowing them from the library. Also, usually, we need an extra week or several days to adjust ourselves after the real trip. But by means of reading, it will not cost us too much time to do the adjustment.
当然,小编并不想去限制大家的独创观点,只是要说明它是一个能够解大家燃眉之急的方法。它能让考生在短时间内构造自己的观点。当然从这两个方面切入话题,大家也会觉得内容更充实更具体,得分自然也就更理想了。
如何解决托福口语面临的三个主要困难
众所周知,在托福考察的四项能力中,口语目前是中国学生眼中最为难的科目,它为学生带去了的烦恼。而学生的口语问题主要体现为“发音糟糕”“说什么”“不会说”这三点。究其原因,小编认为主要是因为中国学生普遍在口语练习上花费时间最少,因此难怪会在此项上面临最多的问题。
我们中国的应试教育造就了一批又一批的“哑巴英语”学习者,即,在校的好学生们普遍擅长阅读和写作,因为其卓越的单词和语法能力。可是因为学校考试鲜少涉及口语,包括在大学普及的英语四六级考试,学校普遍都没有对口语测试成绩做出明确要求,因此在一定程度上造成中国学生对口语这一项的习惯性忽略,从而让他们在口语上遇到了上述的三点主要问题。
但是,在目前出国热愈演愈烈的情况下,绝大部分学生因此而吃到了苦头。在这里,小编便想对如何在解决上述三点口语主要问题上简要谈谈自己的看法,希望能让广大同学们有一点点的收获。
与生活化口语不同,应试口语所需要的能力就清晰很多,尤其是托福口语,它对英语学习者的口语能力有着明确的要求:良好的发音,具体的内容细节和比较地道的词汇使用。如果想在托福口语中取得一个不错的分数(19分以上),那么这三项能力至少要准备好其中一样,当然,预期的分数越高,所要具备的能力就要越全面。这些要求很明显就是对应了中国学生在口语上遇到的三个主要问题。
一. 发音糟糕:
中国独特的汉语拼音发音系统在一定程度上,甚至在很大程度上给中国学生的英语发音带来一定的障碍。例如:据调查,由于北方地区方言的影响,很多该地区学生在v和W的英语发音上出现严重的混淆,如果同学们现在不确定自己有没有这方面的问题,我们可以先做一个test:
vary/ weary
在这两个单词的发音中,同学们的辅音发音有区别么?如果没有区别,那么大概你会有这个发音问题。那么这两个单词的辅音区别在哪里呢?:在英文发音中,w应该是撅嘴不要嘴唇,v应该是咬嘴唇发音。具体区别见下图:
因此,如果要修正此类问题,提高英语发音的准确性,就必须把原先错误的发音习惯全部.一点一点重新模仿,建立新的发音体系。这往往需要一个长期的过程,因为习惯的变化需要时间,也需要耐心。如果学生决心要在发音上进行改变,推荐的材料如:
新东方出版社出版的的美语发音13秘诀,Ann Cook撰写。这并非我们自卖自夸,确实是因为此书对于美音的学习与纠正起了非常大的指导和练习作用,一用便知。当然,网络资源也是可行的,比如各种美剧,Friends被称为英语口语学习者的bible是有一定道理的
其实的语言学习手段,便是坚持跟读母语者的每句台词,模仿他们的发音连读,语音语调。无论使用哪种材料,都需要一定的时间,不可操之过急。
二. 说什么:
面对托福口语的考察,很多学生手足无措,也许他们并非缺乏英语表达词句,而是缺乏具体性思考的思维模式。根据认知语言学的研究表明,东方式思维偏向笼统和概括,而西方式思维则反其道而行之,它聚焦的是事物的具体细节。比如我们可以做一个测试:
针对这个图片,同学们如何描述你看到的风景呢?如果你的描述是:“好山好水好风景”;那么我们需要花一些时间先去转变我们的思维。
这曾经是认知语言学的一个研究,“好山好水好风景”便是中国学生的普遍回答,而这个研究的另外一个对象,美国学生看到的是“灰色屋顶的城堡”,“红绿相间的树叶”和“白色的篱笆”。
因此,这个有趣的例子告诉我们,针对所以西方输出型考试,我国学生都要先转变思维,学会描述事物的细节,这才是得分观点。为了尽快提高分数,学生应该大量练习口语话题,发展自己的具体思维模式,根据各种不同的话题,总结相同的细节思维。参考材料,新东方网站上定期发布的托福口语一二题机经预测,便是最适宜的练习资源。
举例:which of he following activitiesshould you do with friends rather than alone? A. taking a walk B. watching amovie C. traveling.
这道题是最新的口语预测机经task1的其中一道,针对这道题,比较符合预期的思路是:首先做出选择,假设选C,即,我愿意和朋友一起旅行而非单独旅行。那么后面给出的具体细节则比如:“去洛杉矶参观好莱坞”“跟好朋友Jason一起去”“他能帮我分摊房租,我们一人二百美金在Hilton Hotel,比较划算”。而不能仅仅说“有了朋友一起去,就能帮我省钱,比如住酒店的时候”,这样的细节就缺乏具体性。
三. 怎么说
学生会有这个问题,主要是因为对口语词汇积累不足或者缺乏口语练习机会,导致很多词见过背过但是用不出来。作为英语学习者,在口语上对于词句的掌握分为两个阶段:一,对词汇要先熟悉;二,要把词汇熟练运用。因此背过很多单词不能同会用很多单词划上等号。不过背过几万个词汇,在口语上都要以能用出来为准。因此,解决方法很是明显,要不就大量积累背诵口语词句,要不就做大量的口语练习,让自己的口语表达词汇储备丰富起来。
比如,当你想说“我喜欢打篮球”的时候,不要只会用like这个词表达,也要会说“I’m interested in playing basketball”及其他等等表达方式。如此,才能让口语评分官感受到你的词汇储备丰富且地道。参考资源,照旧是各种适宜的母语者的音频材料,
包括TED上的讲座,美剧甚至脱口秀,都是积累口语地道表达的好材料。
比如:
这句台词中,Leonard在表达“想”的这个词句上,使用的并非是我们惯用的“want to”,而用的是“in the mood for…”。因此,同学们一定要注意积累这些口语词句并在自己的答案中适当加以运用。
托福口语高分要学会运用语气与表情
最近许多考生疑惑想要把口语分数从23分提到24甚至26分有什么套路,今天我就来跟大家分享一下自己的心得。加入合适的语气(intonation)你的口语成绩就会有提升。当套路,老司机,撩妹,撩汉分分钟刷新着自己的三观时,大家有没有注意过撩妹的老司机们的表情?而表情和我们在托福口语评分标准中一再强调的语气有何关系? 1464766876981050375.png So do you have any moves? (你有什么撩妹技巧吗) I start by having a bottle of wine sent to my table from a fan. Oh, my God. And that works? If you add, “this is embarrassing. I just want to have a normal life.” You poor little famous man. Okay, how about this one? I was gonna wait until the end of the night to kiss you..but you’re just so beautiful, I don’t think I can. Wow, that was fantastic! I almost leaned in(差点被骗). I Really almost did! So tell me one of your moves. Okay! Um..So where do you grow up? …That’s your move? Boy, Rach you are lucky you’re hot. (还好你长得美) Come on, just answer the question. Queens.(位于纽约下方) Were you close to your parents? Yeah, with my mom. Not so much my dad. why not? I don’t know. I guess there’s just this distance. I mean we both try to pretend it’s not there, but it is. uh..It’s gotta be rough. Yeah, it’s really tough. Sometimes I think..(Joey恍然大悟?)wow! Nice move! 我们现在来看一组对话,摘自老友记第八季第12集,这次是Rachael和Joey第一次约会,他们以朋友的身份交流自己撩妹撩汉的技能,8分05秒之后开始高能,下面请是他们交流时的经典表情和台词。 也就是因为这次,Rachael把Joey给撩起来了。 当然 这两位演员在剧情设定中是两位情场高手,从表情上看,我们发现他们在说英语时比我们的表情要夸张很多,而且两个人说话不仅是声音的传播,更是面目表情的表现与回应。托福口语之所以很难带出自然的语气,主要原因是我们面对的是电脑,所以很难表现出像对人说话那样自然,也就是说,我们想要的语气其实是人与人沟通时感情自然的流露。之所以强调自然二字,主要是请大家注意不要故意在话语中加入抑扬顿挫,不然听起来会感觉很怪。 那会到主题,我们怎么能自然地表现出我们有语气? 第一,要入戏。 深吸一口气,在每次答口语题尤其是独立题时,想像在你对面的是一个很想了解你的外国人,虽然看起来你只是呆呆在做在考场场对着一台电脑自言自语,可是你如果入戏了,你会把自己身置于各种场景中,比如大家看这道题: Some peoplethink students should study in the classroom. Others believe that they shouldvisit the museum or the zoo. Which do you prefer and why? 首先我的观点是:I prefer tovisit the museum or the zoo. 然后这时入戏的我早已深处动物园中,在两栖动物馆里,看着不同的青蛙?,这时我还需要一个讲解员,好,讲解员来了,她跟我们说:Usually frogslive in the humid environment, however some the frogs could also survive in thedry climate, they have special body feature to store water, which is reallyamazing. 完美入戏。 第二,要有表情。 同样一句话,有表情的说与无表情的说到底听起来一样还是不一样?从各种美剧中我们不难看出,演员们的表情是很夸张的,而且他们正是因为有了表情,才表达出更强烈的语气,要想验证也不难,大家可以参照Joey和Rachael对话表情图,其中不难看出每一句话的表情都是很丰富的,但唯有Joey说Queens的时候,他是没有表情的,而且这句话是没有语气的。当然,考试中我们并不需要像演员一样作出很夸张的表情,可是如果想要自然表达出语气,比如对某件事物的好坏判断,偏向爱好,加入表情更有助于我们表达语气。
★ 托福口语答题技巧