以下是小编给大家收集的雅思阅读表格填空题型解题5大步骤讲解(共含8篇），欢迎大家前来参阅。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“坛里没有雪”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
雅思阅读表格填空题型解题5大步骤讲解
题型特点：
顺序原则 题目基本上按照文章顺序排列
字数限制 一般填入的词最多不超过3个单词
定位内容 定位的内容相对比较集中
考查内容 考查内容均为细节
答案特点 所填答案基本唯一
解题路线图：
①明确字数限制
?表格填空题解题过程中，考生必须培养第一步看字数限制的习惯。
②空格词性预判
? 根据空格前后的词性进行判断，
? 如adj+(n)，n+(n)，v+(n)等结构;
? 也可根据句子成分进行判断，
? 如空格为主语成分，基本为名词，表语成分基本为形容词
? 定位关键词
并分析定位句? 找到空格所在句子的关键词，并定位到文中相应位置对定位句进行分析。
? 注意空格所在句子中关键词与原文中的关键词替换;或空格所在句子的关键词是对原 文定位句的同义概括。
? 理解原文与题干的同意替换
? 词语的替换，即词与词之间的替换
? 短语的替换，即短语之间的替换
? 句子的替换，即句子之间的互换
? 展开陈述形式，即以解释的方式来诠释某个词、短语或概念
? 填出答案
? 结合关键句和行列信息得出应该填写的内容。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-Life code:unlocked
A
On an airport shuttle bus to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara, Calif, Chris Wiggins took a colleague's advice and opened a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. It had nothing to do with the talk on biopolymer physics he was invited to give. Rather the columns and rows of numbers that stared back at him referred to the genetic activity of budding yeast. Specifically, the numbers represented the amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) expressed by all 6,200 genes of the yeast over the course of its reproductive cycle. “It was the first time I ever saw anything like this,“ Wiggins recalls of that spring day in . ”How to make sense of all these data?“
B
Instead of shirking from this question, the 36-year-old applied mathematician and physicist at Columbia University embraced it-and now six years later he thinks he has an answer. By foraying into fields outside his own, Wiggins has drudged up tools from a branch of artificial intelligence called machine learning to model the collective protein-making activity of genes from real-world biological data. Engineers originally designed these tools in the late 1950s to predict output from input. Wiggins and his colleagues have now brought machine learning to the natural sciences and tweaked it so that it can also tell a story—one not only about input and output but also about what happens inside a model of gene regulation, the black box in between.
C
The impetus for this work began in the late 1990s, when high-throughput techniques generated more mRNA expression profiles and DNA sequences than ever before, ”opening up a completely different way of thinking about biological phenomena,“ Wiggins says. Key among these techniques were DNA microarrays, chips that provide a panoramic view of the activity of genes and their expression levels in any cell type, simultaneously and under myriad conditions. As noisy and incomplete as the data were, biologists could now query which genes turn on or off in different cells and determine the collection of proteins that give rise to a cell's characteristic features- healthy or diseased.
D
Yet predicting such gene activity requires uncovering the fundamental rules that govern it. “Over time, these rules have been locked in by cells,” says theoretical physicist Harmen Bussemaker, now an associate professor of biology at Columbia. ”Evolution has kept the good stuff.“ To find these rules, scientists needed statistics to infer the interaction between genes and the proteins that regulate them and to then mathematically describe this network's underlying structure-the dynamic pattern of gene and protein activity over time. But physicists who did not work with particles (or planets, for that matter) viewed statistics as nothing short of an anathema. ”If your experiment requires statistics,“ British physicist Ernest Rutherford once said, ”you ought to have done a better experiment.“
E
But in working with microarrays, ”the experiment has been done without you,“ Wiggins explains. ”And biology doesn't hand you a model to make sense of the data.“ Even more challenging, the building blocks that make up DNA, RNA and proteins are assembled in myriad ways; moreover, subtly different rules of interaction govern their activity, making it difficult, if not impossible, to reduce their patterns of interaction to fundamental laws. Some genes and proteins are not even known. ”You are trying to find something compelling about the natural world in a context where you don't know very much,“ says William Bialek, a biophysicist at Princeton University. ”You're forced to be agnostic.“ Wiggins believes that many machine-learning algorithms perform well under precisely these conditions. When working with so many unknown variables, ”machine learning lets the data decide what's worth looking at,“ he says.
F
At the Kavli Institute, Wiggins began building a model of a gene regulatory network in yeast-the set of rules by which genes and regulators collectively orchestrate how vigorously DNA is transcribed into mRNA. As he worked with different algorithms, he started to attend discussions on gene regulation led by Christina Leslie, who ran the computational biology group at Columbia at the time. Leslie suggested using a specific machine-learning tool called a classifier. Say the algorithm must discriminate between pictures that have bicycles in them and pictures that do not. A classifier sifts through labeled examples and measures everything it can about them, gradually learning the decision rules that govern the grouping. From these rules, the algorithm generates a model that can determine whether or not new pictures have bikes in them. In gene regulatory networks, the learning task becomes the problem of predicting whether genes increase or decrease their protein-making activity.
G
The algorithm that Wiggins and Leslie began building in the fall of 2002 was trained on the DNA sequences and mRNA levels of regulators expressed during a range of conditions in yeast-when the yeast was cold, hot, starved, and so on. Specifically, this algorithm-MEDUSA (for motif element discrimination using sequence agglomeration)—scans every possible pairing between a set of DNA promoter sequences, called motifs, and regulators. Then, much like a child might match a list of words with their definitions by drawing a line between the two, MEDUSA finds the pairing that best improves the fit between the model and the data it tries to emulate. (Wiggins refers to these pairings as edges.) Each time MEDUSA finds a pairing, it updates the model by adding a new rule to guide its search for the next pairing. It then determines the strength of each pairing by how well the rule improves the existing model. The hierarchy of numbers enables Wiggins and his colleagues to determine which pairings are more important than others and how they can collectively influence the activity of each of the yeast's 6,200 genes. By adding one pairing at a time, MEDUSA can predict which genes ratchet up their RNA production or clamp that production down, as well as reveal the collective mechanisms that orchestrate an organism's transcriptional logic.
Questions 1-6
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list below.
Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i. The search for the better-fit matching between the model and the gained figures to foresee the activities of the genes
ii. The definition of MEDUSA
iii. A flashback of a commencement for a far-reaching breakthrough
iv. A drawing of the gene map
v. An algorithm used to construct a specific model to discern the appearance of something new by the joint effort of Wiggins and another scientist
vi. An introduction of a background tracing back to the availability of mature techniques for detailed research on genes
vii. A way out to face the challenge confronting the scientist on the deciding of researchable data
viii. A failure to find out some specific genes controlling the production of certain proteins
ix. The use of a means from another domain for reference
x. A tough hurdle on the way to find the law governing the activities of the genes
Example: Paragraph A iii
1 Paragraph B
2 Paragraph C
3 Paragraph D
4 Paragraph E
5 Paragraph F
6 Paragraph G
Questions 7-9
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
7. Wiggins is the first man to use DNA microarrays for the research on genes.
8. There is almost no possibility for the effort to decrease the patterns of interaction between DNA, RNA and proteins.
9. Wiggins holds a very positive attitude on the future of genetic research.
Questions 10-13
Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using No More than Three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
Wiggins states that the astoundingly rapid development of techniques concerning the components of genes aroused the researchers to look at 10 from a totally new way. 11 is the heart and soul of these techniques and no matter what the 12 were, at the same time they can offer a whole picture of the genes' activities as well as 13 in all types of cells. With these techniques scientists could locate the exact gene which was on or off to manipulate the production of the proteins.
文章题目：Life code: unlocked
篇章结构
体裁
说明文
题目
生命密码解密
结构
（一句话概括每段大意）
A. 回忆基因研究突破的初始
B. 参考“机器学习”的工具构建基因活动的模型
C. DNA芯片技术的介绍
D. 基因的活性研究中的数据障碍
E. 科学家很难从基因交互模式的研究中获取理想数据
F. Wiggins 和另外一个科学家的相关科学讨论
G. 研究基因模型和数据的配对，来预测基因的活动
试题分析
Question 1-6
题目类型：List of Headings
Question 7-9
题目类型：True, False or Not Given
Question 10-13
题目类型：Summary
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
1
Another domain，reference
文中的第二句
第二句话中，有提到一个“machine learning”的工具构建出了使用现实世界中的生物数据所反映出的基因整体合成蛋白质活动的模型。该句中中的 “data”对应定位词”reference”，该段中后半部分是关于这个工具所给出的一个结果。
2
Mature techniques，
Detailed research
第一、二句
第一句话中提到了“high-throughput techniques”,这个和“mature techniques”互为同义词转换， 且在该段开头有提到相关工作的开展是在90年代末期，而Wiggins在回忆这个工作情况实在之后了，所以这个时间和选项中的“tracing back to”相对应；而第二句话中有提到第一句中所提到的技术对于任何细胞在任何条件下的活动有了一个全方位的观察“panoramic view”，对应所选答案中“detailed research”
3
Tough hurdle,
The law, governing，activity of the genes
第一、四、五句
首先需要定位，在所选答案中出现了“law, governing”这样的关键词，而在D段的首句出现了“the fundamental rules that govern it”的信息，所以首先定位在此，然后看该段之后的内容来佐证定位的正确性。在第四句的开头可以看到“to find these rules”，这个these表指代，指代之前的内容，而在第五句开头有了一个关键的逻辑词”but”，表转折，且第五句中有一个很关键的词“anathema”表示诅咒，证明科学家认为这个科学数据是一个“tough hurdle”，和答案中的关键词所对应。
4
Challenge
第二句
E段开始第一个单词就是but,表转折，该段所描述的意思与前文的情节有所不同，且第二句话最开始就是“even more challenge”，从逻辑上表示递进，从意思上，直接点出有更大的挑战，和所选答案的关键词相匹配
5
Algorithm，Wiggins and another scientist
第二句
F段第二句话中，提到Wiggins研究不同的算法时“worked with different algorithms”，他开始参与Leslie的小组讨论，这个和所选答案所提到的内容一致
6
Pairing，Foresee
最后一句
最后一句，“by adding one pairing at a time，”pairing对应所选答案中的“better-fit matching”， 后半部分提到的predict对应foresee，且as well as前后连接的两部分内容与所选答案中“between…and”之间的内容相对应
7
The first man, DNA microarrays
第二、三段
第二段中第二句提到了”Wiggins has drudged up tools from a branch of artificial intelligence called machine leaning…”, 而在第三段中第二句提到“Key among these techniques were DNA microarrays”，无论是哪方面，文章中并没有给出Wiggins是否是第一个用DNA芯片技术来研究基因的人，所以是NOT GIVEN
8
Almost no possibility,
interaction
第五段
第五段【E段】，第三句话，“Even more challenging, the building blocks that make up DNA, RNA and preteins…; moreover, subtly different rules of interaction govern their activity, making it difficult, if not possible,…”这句话有明确指出: 构建DNA，RNA和蛋白质的基本材料是以各种方式进行组装的，而且支配他们活动互动规则之间的区别都很微小，所以减少他们根据基本定律的交互模式的想法即使不是不可能，但是也是很困难得以实现的。所以是TRUE
9
Positive attitude, future genetic research
全文
全文除了描述Wiggins的研究以外，关于对基因研究的态度在第一段有提到，但是仅仅只是对于某件事的回忆，并没有给出对未来基因研究有积极的态度，所以是NOT GIVEN
10
Astoundingly rapid development of techniques
第三段
C段第一句话，high-throughput techniques作为定位词，“opening up a completely different way of thinking about biological phenomena”对应填空中“concerning… aroused the researchers to look at…”，所以填biological phenomena
11
Heart and soul
第三段
C段第二句话第一个单词Key对应填空中出现的关键词heart and soul，所以填写DNA microarrays
12
At the same time
第三段
同样是C段第二句话的后半部分，“…in any cell type, simultaneously and under myriad condition”, simultaneously 同义替换填空中的定位词at the same time,所以定位，填myriad condition
13
Whole picture of…, all types of cell
第三段
依然是C段的第二句话“…that provide a panoramic view of the activity of genes and their expression levels in any cell type…”根据空格前后信息进行定位，whole picture 是 panoramic view的同义转换，all types of cell 对应any cell type, 所以填their expression levels
雅思阅读摘要题题型5大解题步骤讲解
题型特点
字数限制? 一般回答最多不超过3个词。
题型特点? 考查范围分部分考查与全文考查。文章摘要题有可能是对文章局部内容的考查，比如某一段或某几段，也有可能是对整篇文章的考查。
顺序原则? 题目顺序与题目答案在原文中出现的顺序一致。
答案特点? 答案多为名词性原词重现。所谓名词性是指名词性质的词，包括名词与动名词;而原词重现是说答案均为原文的文字，不需要对词形或词性等做变更或更改。
解题步骤
①明确字数限制
?表格填空题解题过程中，考生必须培养第一步看字数限制的习惯。
②空格词性预判
? 根据空格前后的词性进行判断，
? 如adj+(n)，n+(n)，v+(n)等结构;
? 也可根据句子成分进行判断，
? 如空格为主语成分，基本为名词，表语成分基本为形容词
? 定位关键词
并分析定位句?找到空格所在句子的关键词，并定位到文中相应位置对定位句进行分析。
?注意空格所在句子中关键词与原文中的关键词替换;或空格所在句子的关键词是对原文定位句的同义概括。
? 理解原文与题干的同意替换
? 词语的替换，即词与词之间的替换
? 短语的替换，即短语之间的替换
? 句子的替换，即句子之间的互换
? 展开陈述形式，即以解释的方式来诠释某个词、短语或概念
? 填出答案
? 结合关键句和行列信息得出应该填写的内容。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-The Success of Cellulose
You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage below.
A
Not too long ago many investors made the bet that renewable fuels from bio- mass would be the next big thing in energy. Converting corn, sugarcane and soybeans into ethanol or diesel-type fuels lessens our nation's dependence on oil imports while cutting carbon dioxide emissions. But already the nascent industry faces challenges. Escalating demand is hiking food prices while farmers clear rain-forest habitats to grow fuel crops. And several recent studies say that certain biofuel-production processes either fail to yield net energy gains or release more carbon dioxide than they use.
B
A successor tier of start-up ventures aims to avoid those problems. Rather than focusing on the starches, sugars and fats of food crops, many of the prototype bioethanol processes work with lignocellulose, the ”woody“ tissue that strengthens the cell walls of plants, says University of Massachusetts Amherst chemical engineer George W. Huber. Although the cellulose breaks down less easily than sugars and starches and thus requires a complex series of enzyme-driven chemical reactions, its use opens the industry to nonfood plant feed- stocks such as agricultural wastes, wood chips and switchgrass. But no company has yet demonstrated a cost-competitive industrial process for making cellulosic biofuels.
C
So scientists and engineers are working on dozens of possible biofuel-processing routes, reports Charles Wyman, a chemical engineer at the University of California, Riverside, who is a founder of Mascoma Corporation in Cambridge, Mass., a leading developer of cellulosic ethanol processing.” There's no miracle process out there,“ he remarks. And fine-tuning a process involves considerable money and time. ”The oil companies say that it takes 10 years to fully commercialize an industrial processing route,“ warns Huber, who has contributed some thermochemical techniques to another biomass start-up, Virent Energy Systems in Madison, Wis.
D
One promising biofuel procedure that avoids the complex enzymatic chemistry to break down cellulose is now being explored by Coskata in Warrenville, III, a firm launched in by high-profile investors and entrepreneurs (General Motors recently took a minority stake in it as well). In the Coskata operation, a conventional gasification system will use heat to turn various feedstocks into a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen called syngas, says Richard Tobey, vice president of Engineering and R&D The ability to handle multiple plant feedstocks would boost the flexibility of the overall process because each region in the country has access to certain feedstocks but not others.
E
Instead of using thermochemical methods to convert the syngas to fuel—a process that can be significantly more costly because of the added expense of pressurizing gases, according to Tobey—the Coskata group chose a biochemical route. The group focused on five promising strains of ethanol-excreting bacteria that Ralph Tanner, a microbiologist at the University of Oklahoma, had discovered years before in the oxygen-free sediments of a swamp. These anaerobic bugs make ethanol by voraciously consuming syngas.
F
The ”heart and soul of the Coskata process,“ as Tobey puts it, is the bioreactor in which the bacteria live. ”Rather than searching for food in the fermentation mash in a large tank, our bacteria wait for the gas to be delivered to them,“ he explains. The firm relics on plastic tubes, the filter-fabric straws as thin as human hair. The syngas flows through the straws, and water is pumped across their exteriors. The gases diffuse across the selective membrane to the bacteria embedded in the outer surface of the tubes, which permits no water inside. ”We get efficient mass transfer with the tubes, which is not easy,“ Tobey says. ”Our data suggest that in an optimal setting we could get 90 percent of the energy value of the gases into our fuel.“ After the bugs eat the gases, they release ethanol into the surrounding water. Standard distillation or filtration techniques could extract the alcohol from the water.
G
Coskata researchers estimate that their commercialized process could deliver ethanol at under $1 per gallon-less than half of today's $2-per-gaIlon wholesale price, Tobey claims. Outside evaluators a Argonne National Laboratory measured the input-output ”energy balance“ of the Coskata process and found that, optimally, it can produce 7.7 times as much energy in the end product as it takes to make it.
H
The company plans to construct a 40,000-gallon-a-year pilot plant near the GM test track in Milford, Mich., by the end of this year and hopes to build a full- scale, 100-million-gallon-a-year plant by . Coskata may have some company by then; Bioengineering Resources in Fayetteville, Ark., is already developing what seems to be a similar three-step pathway in which syngas is consumed by bacteria isolated by James Gaddy, a retired chemical engineer at the University of Arkansas. Considering the advances in these and other methods, plant cellulose could provide the greener ethanol everyone wants.
Questions 1-6
Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-D) with opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-D in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
NB you may use any letter more than once
A. George W. Huber
B. James Gaddy
C. Richard Tobey
D. Charles Wyman
1. A key component to gain the success lies in the place where the organisms survive.
2. Engaged in separating fixed procedures to produce ethanol in a homologous biochemical way.
3. Assists to develop certain skills.
4. It needs arduous efforts to achieve highly efficient transfer.
5. There is no shortcut to expedite the production process.
6. A combination of chemistry and biology can considerably lower the cost needed for the production company.
Questions 7-10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
7. A shift from conventionally targeted areas of the vegetation to get ethanol takes place.
8. It takes a considerably long way before a completely mature process is reached.
9. The Coskata group sees no bright future for the cost advantage available in the production of greener ethanol.
10. Some enterprises are trying to buy the shares of Coskata group.
Questions 11-13
Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using No More than Three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
Tobey has noticed that the Coskata process can achieve a huge success because it utilises 11 as the bioreactor on whose exterior surface the bactcria take the syngas going through the coated 12 to produce the ethanol into the water outside which researchers will later 13 by certain techniques. The figures show a pretty high percentage of energy can be transferred into the fuel which is actually very difficult to be achieved.
文章题目：纤维素的成功
篇章结构
体裁
论说文
题目
纤维素的成功
结构
A段：可再生生物燃料面临挑战
B段：制作原型乙醇可以依靠纤维素
C段：生物燃料加工过程的微调需要花费大量时间和金钱
D段：Coskata公司将利用气化系统用热量把原料转化为singas
E段：由于热化学方法成本高，C
oskata公司选择生化途径
F段：利用singas生产乙醇的过程
G段：Coskata公司的商业化使得乙醇提取成本降低，产出能量提高
H段：植物纤维素制造乙醇前景广阔
试题分析
Question 1-。。。
题目类型：LIST OF HEADINGS
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
1
bacteria
F段第一句
F段第一句说”the heart and soul of the Coskata process” as Tobey puts it, is the bioreactor in which the bacteria live,意思是Coskata process（指的是利用singas生产乙醇）的核心在于细菌得以生存的生物反应器，选项中说获取成功的主要因素存在于organism所生存的地方，这个地方指的就是bioreactor.
因此，本答案为C
2
Similar
H段第三句
H段第二句提到了James Gaddy已经开始开发类似的通过三步细菌就会消耗singas生产乙醇的过程，原句is already developing what seems to be a similar three-step pathway ......中的similar就是和题目中的homologous是同义替换。
因此，本答案为B
3
techniques
F段倒数一二三句
F段说Tobey认为利用singas生产乙醇的过程依赖于一种吸管，通过这种导管使得大量气体得到有效传导，等细菌消化完singas就会释放乙醇，通过distillation 和filtration techniques可以提取乙醇。这些导管，以及蒸馏，过滤技术都是一些assists.
所以，本答案选C
4
Less easily
B段第三四句
B段中提到Humber认为乙醇的制作由粮食中的淀粉，糖类等转移到纤维素，但是纤维素的分解不太容易，需要复杂的化学反应，而且目前没有一家公司具备生产成本优势，所以要想实现更高效的转化，需要付出艰苦的努力。
因此，本答案为A
5
No miracle，considerable time
C段第二、三句
C段中Charles Wyman提出了”there is no miracle process out there”也就是说，没有奇迹般的生产过程，和there is no shortcut to expedite the production process表达的意思一致，no miracle意味着no shortcut。而且，后面一句and fine-tuning a process involves considerable time and money也指出了微调的过程需要大量时间和金钱，也说明了没有捷径加速生产过程
因此，本答案为D
6
Costly, biochemical
E段第一句
E段中刚开始Tobey就提出了用thermochemical的方法把singas转化为燃料是more costly的，之后又提到Coskata group chose a biochemical route，说明biochemical的方法会降低成本。此句话中的biochemical和选项里的a combination of chemistry and biology是同义转换的。
因此，本答案选C
参考答案：
Version 18106 主题 纤维素的成功
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C
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B
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C
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A
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D
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C
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TRUE
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TRUE
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FALSE
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NOT GIVEN
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plastic tubes/ the filter-fabric straws
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the selective membrane
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extract
雅思阅读摘要题5大解题步骤讲解教案
Summary填空题是雅思阅读题中常见题型，在阅读考试中占较大的比重。 同时也是众多雅思考生最头痛的一种题型。 因为此题型不仅考查考生快速准确理解阅读文章的主旨能力，也考查考生对定位、同义转化以及语义间逻辑关系的灵敏度。
一、题型特点
字数限制： 一般回答最多不超过3个词。
题型特点： 考核范围分为部分考察与全文考察。
文章摘要题有可能是对文章局部内容的考察，比如某一段或某几段；
也有可能是对整篇文章的考察。
顺序原则： 题目顺序与题目答案在原文中出现的顺序一致。
答案特点： 答案多为名词性原词重现。
名词性是指名词性质的词，包括名词与动名词；
原词重现是指答案均为原文的文字，不需要更改词形或词性等。
二、解题步骤
1、明确字数限制
表格填空题解题过程中，考生必须培养第一步看字数限制的.习惯。
2、空格词性预判
根据空格前后的词性进行判断。
如adj+(n)，n+(n)，v+(n)等结构。
也可根据句子成分进行判断。
如空格为主语成分，基本为名词，表语成分基本为形容词。
3、定位关键词
分析定位句，找到空格所在句子的关键词，并定位到文中相应位置对定位句进行分析。
注意空格所在句子中关键词与原文中的关键词替换；
空格所在句子的关键词是对原文定位句的同义概括。
4、理解原文与题干的同义替换
词语的替换：即词与词之间的替换；
短语的替换：即短语之间的替换；
句子的替换：即句子之间的互换；
展开陈述形式：即以解释的方式来诠释某个词、短语或概念。
5、填出答案
结合关键句和行列信息得出应该填写的内容。
雅思阅读5大核心题型就这样被你征服
1.信息段落配对题
雅思阅读中的段落信息配对题一直是同学们取得高分的拦路虎。我们先来分析一下这种题型的特点和难点。配对题考察的重点只有一个，那就是同义替换。配对题看似简单，因为只要找到信息在那一段落就可以了，不需要像判断题那样的深度
理解和逻辑判断。但是，尤其对于阅读功底不强的同学，这种题目非常棘手。同学们会发现有的题目和原文对应的出题句样子长的一点都不一样，没有任何一个词是原词出现，但他们确实表达的一个意思。例如，剑桥雅思4第三套题第三篇文章中的配对题28题，题目是the importance of taking notes of body language,文中对应的句子却是the recording has to be supplemented by the observer’swritten comments of the non-verbal behavior of the participants. 这两个句子没有一个词是一样的，但细心的同学能发现很明显的三组同义替换那就是重要性、肢体语言、做笔记。因为配对题改写严重的特点，配对题的定位词很难确定，许多在判断题中不会改写的名词在配对题中也被改的面目全非。再加上配对题的出题顺序没有任何规律可言，还经常出现NB----一个段落里包含两个题目信息，所以这种题型蒙对的概率非常低。原则上来讲，配对题每做一道题都需要全文通读，因为每一题都可能在文中的任何位置。
配对题的难度是显而易见的，但是再难的题，我们也能把握其出题规律，找到最高效、快捷的做出尽可能多答案的方法。这种题在考场上我们肯定是没有时间去读很多遍文章的，我们必须做到文章读一遍，所有的题目就处理完了。绝大多数的配对题都是细节题，因此我们都要从题目入手，找到关键词。又由于名词也可能被替换成其他词，所以我们要采用多点撒网，重点抓鱼的策略，把题目中所有的信息词(包括名词、动词、形容词和副词)都划下来，同时记住题目的整体意思。做题过程中，阅读功底不强的同学，可以采取只用扫读的方法，没扫一段或者几句话就回到题目中看看有没有出现所划的信息词。有出现信息词，适当对这句话做点精读，一般答案就可以确定了。阅读功底强的同学，可以采取用略读加扫读的方法，在读懂段落句子大意的同时注意是否有原词出现，发现意思相近或原词出现，适当做精读确定答案。但不管阅读功底强和不强的同学，大家都要记住一个原则：做题的时候要心静，要特别细致，做到能够确定自己没读的一句话确实有或者没有题目信息。这样读完一遍文章后，我们就把自己能做的题都做出来了，做不出来的题我们再回头读很多遍也还是做不出来的，因为只要过程做的仔细，做不出来的题目就是我们不认识的替换，看再多遍也是不能帮助我们确定答案的。
2、标题对应题
List of Heading也就是我们大家熟悉的标题题了。这种题型是唯一一种出现在文章前面的题型。而且，这种题是一种考察文章大意的题型而不是细节题。标题题由两部分组成，一部分是选项，另外一部分是一个段落编号，我们要做的也就是给每个段落找一个小标题。所对应的段落也分为两种情况，一种是所考察的section包含若干个小分段;另一种则只包含一个小段。
标题题是一种高频题型，平均每两次考试会出现一次，有时甚至连续出现。然而，此种题型比较难，是乱序题，而且要求考生总结段落大意，对学生来说要求较高。
List of Heading解题步骤
划去选项中的例子，以及原文中例子所对应段落的序号这种题型有的时候会给例子，有的时候没有例子在剩余的选项中划取关键词关键词应尽量划取名词以及形容词注意是否有相似或相反的标题，若有则至少有一个会是正确答案扫读并总结文章所考查的每个section的中心思想重点看所考查小段的第一句，第二句和最后一句，划出主题句的关键词段落中间部分快速浏览即可对应两组关键词，以确定答案
注意事项乱序性，即正确答案在原文中无顺序可言有简单有难，有的答案一目了然，有的答案却反复推敲都难以确认着重注意转折，并列等连接词适当运用排除法，越到最后就越要应用该法答案不会出现重复使用现象，每个选项只会使用一次做出一道题就划去一道题正确答案具有概括性与总结性干扰项一般是一些小细节，新概念段落高频词理论一段话中反复出现的名词或形容词当一个文章段落在10行以内时，出现2次及为高频词，当一个文章段落在11行以上时，出现3次即为高频词。
3.选择题
I 雅思阅读选择题的题型特点：
a.考察内容细节
除了通常位于文章末尾的multiple choice 题型考察考生对全文大意的理解之外，其余的都是要建立在对文章细节的理解之上的。
b.多项选择题答案集中
多项选择题的答案大都是出现在1-2个小段之内(最多不超过4段)。所以考生只要定位到了相关的段落并进行略读，根据题干要求找到答案。
c.选择项以同义转换为表现形式
选择题的选项部分，通常是将文章的语言进行近义词或同义句形式进行转换。
II 雅思阅读选择题的做题原则：
A.阅读题干，划出定位词
由于选择题考察细节的特点，故题干中的词往往能够提供定位，方便考生在文章中把所对应的句子或段落找出来。
例：In the first paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people (剑4,Test 1, Q27)
这道题目中，明显有两处定位：一处是first paragraph，另一处是blind people，故只需要在第一段找到blind people，就能找出题目所对应的句子了。
但并不是所有的多项选择题都会明确地告知范围。
例：Which THREE of the following statements are true of Johnson’s Dictionary? (剑5 Test 1 Q1-3)因为文章的题目就叫Johnson’s Dictionary，故这道题目根本没有定位词。那么这种题目很难下手，建议放到最后来做。把其它的题目都做完之后，再根据其选项大致推测出所在文章的范围。
B.阅读选项，划出核心词
因为选项提供了对原文正确或者是错误的同义转换，所以在寻找正确答案之前，一定要事先通读选项。
C.定位相关句子段落
由于选择项的干扰性往往很强，所以对找到的相关句子或段落一定要进行仔细阅读，排除错误选项。甄别干扰项这一步骤是考生解题的关键，很多考生在往往对几个选项犹豫不决，经常跳进题目的陷阱。一般说来，干扰项有如下几个类别：
①相似陷阱
如果题目中出现的个别单词与原文中的用词一模一样，尤其是一些经常被同义
替换掉的动词、形容词等，这个选项很有可能是干扰选项，考生应仔细对比分析其
它选项，避免因匆忙下结论，得出错误答案。
②偷换概念陷阱
有时在是中，选项中虽然与文中有对应或相似的词或表达，但选项中偷换了关键性的成分(如谓语部分)，使得答案表达错误。
③搭配不当陷阱
这种选项的特点是：选项本身是正确的，但是跟题干却不能形成搭配关系。
4、判断题
雅思阅读有所谓的“小三理论”，就是大家在做雅思阅读的时候，需要注意的三种素质：首先是三看，做题之前，标题、插图和每段的第一句话必须得看，把文章的主要思想和每段的大致重点把握个十有八九，这样做题的时候才有分寸;其次是三力，三种能力分别是4000-6000左右的词汇量和高中的语法能力;一般以上的常识判断能力;以及具备一定的逻辑推理能力;最后是三度，分别指的是划关键词的准确度、回原文定位的速度和对同义词替换的敏感度。烤鸭们可以参照各自的做题经验，找到属于自己的短板和瓶颈，再有针对性的做一些专项训练。
现在主要说说所谓逻辑推理能力。这一概念乍一听有些玄，其实实质内容很好理解，就是涉及到阅读文章的题目和原文的复合句中的连词和介词短语影射出来的两句话或两个短语之间的逻辑关系，即两者是方向一致(均为positive或均为negative),抑或方向相反。具体的表现方式为：
并列、递进(and/or; also/besides/in addition/furthermore)连接两句话，逻辑方向一致;转折、让步(but/however/whereas/yet; although/even if/though/while/despite/in spite of)连接两句话，逻辑方向相反;因果(because/for/as/since/due to/owing to/originate from/result from; so/therefore/as a result/as a consequence/result in/lead to/cause/contribute to)逻辑方向一致。
实例讲解：Eg:1.剑4 P45 Q10 Lost for Words判断题干S:The Navajo language will die out because it currently has too few speakers.(下划线为关键词)原文P: Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150000 speakers.
解析：原文的表示让步的介词despite 为解题关键，前半部分说Navajo这种语言面临灭绝危险，逻辑方向为负向，即为negative;despite将方向逆转，则说明后半部分“having 150000 speakers”中的150000说此种语言的人数是很多的，同题干中的too few矛盾，固答案为FALSE.此题如果没有despite的转折作用，150000的数量因为没有相对的比照和参考，我们是无法判断到底是多还是少的。
5.归纳填空题
归纳填空题是雅思考试阅读理解部分的一线题型，几乎每回考试必有。在阅读理解的诸多题型中，此类题型可以应用的方法技巧较多，若能掌握好这些技巧方法，并将其组合起来，视情况灵活运用的话，归纳填空应该被视作为考生得分的一块宝地。朗阁雅思培训专家在此总结了此类题型解题的一些方法，供考生们参考。
归纳填空题的答题要求分为两类：1. 用原文中的原词填空，有字数的限制，例如不超过二或三个词;2. 从所提供的单词表中选词填空。下文在介绍解题方法时，对这两类答题要求分别简称为1或2。
a 短文全文大意的帮助
首先把短文的全文迅速通读一遍，掌握大意。不要在没有掌握全文大意的情况下立即做题，看一句填一句。虽然短文的词数不多，但作为一篇文章，总有一定的主体思想，句与句之间意思上是相连的，整篇短文就是一个有机的整体。通读全文，有利于掌握文章的逻辑思维，顺着思路选词来填，就比较容易做对了。许多考生往往不先通读短文全文，上来就匆忙去找词填空。看似快，实际上选词时看来看去，思前想后，犹豫不决，不知选哪个才对，反而大大减慢了速度。
b 利用信号词来定位和定词
归纳填空题的形式为一篇短文，文中有若干个空，要求考生在其中填词。空格前后往往会有信号词，我们可以借助之在原文中定位，再在所定位部位的附近范围内找出该采用的原文原词(对于1)或断定该填的单词表中的同义词(对于2)。不少情况下，在空格前和后的信号词，相对应地也是出现在原文中正确的词的前和后的，前后信号词的“夹击”下，更方便我们选对词了。所以信号词技巧也仍然是这种题的重要技巧。
c 空格前后的上下文的帮助
空格肯定是处于句子中的，亦即所谓空格无非是一个句子抽掉了其中的某个词(语)所形成的。因此，在整篇短文大意的大背景下，再考虑空格前后的上下文意思，然后将在1或2中备选的数个词(语)进行比对，就不难确定该填入哪个了。空格前后上下文的意义与全篇短文主体思想的结合分析，在决定选词上尤为重要，注意运用这点，能使我们做题快许多。
d 语法知识的帮助
一些基本的语法知识对于我们确定词性范围甚或选定具体的词都有直截了当的决定作用，又简单又快。空格前后的词往往都提示了空格中的词是何种词性，是否比较级，谓语或非谓语，单数还是复数，及物动词或不及物动词，等等。例如，空格之前是a的话，表明空格该填的是个可数名词的单数形式，而且该名词的发音是以辅音音标开头的(否则，空格前的a就该是an了)。
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
new weapon to fight cancer
1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.
2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.
3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour’s pioneering techniques.
4. One of the country’s leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. ”In principle, you’ve got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy,“ he said.
5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body’s local immune system. ”If a cancer doesn’t do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there’s no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer’s Achilles’ heel.“
6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. ”They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process,“ said Prof Seymour.
7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. ”It’s an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we’ve had before.“
8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.
9. Prof Seymour’s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body’s immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body’s immune system destroying them on the way.
10. ”What we’ve done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it’s a stealth virus when you inject it,“ he said.
11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body’s immune system.
12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. ”There’s an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases,“ said Prof Seymour.
13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.
14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.
(665 words)
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.
2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.
3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.
4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.
5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.
6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.
Question 7-9
Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.
7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found
(A) on TV
(B) in magazines
(C) on internet
(D) in newspapers
8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to
(A) change the body’ immune system
(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.
(C) increase the amount of injection
(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.
9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies
(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.
(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.
(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.
(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.
Questions 10-13
Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.
NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.
In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers
List of Words
dosage responding smallpox virus
disable natural ones inject
directed treatment cold-like illness
kill patients examined
Answers Keys:
1.答案：FALSE (见第2段：If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。)
2.答案：TRUE (见第3段，特别是最后一句： Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour’s pioneering techniques. )
3. 答案：NOT GIVEN (文中没有提到virus可以抑制肿瘤细胞再生长)
4. 答案：TRUE (见第5段第3、4句： 这里“cancer’s Achilles’ heel”指 “If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there’s no immune system to stop them replicating.” Achilles’ heel的意思是“唯一致命弱点”)
5. 答案：FALSE (见第6段第第1句：Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.)
6. 答案：TRUE (见第7段：Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. ……, which could be quite different to anything we’ve had before.” )
7. 答案：B (见第8段第1、2句：Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. Journal意思是“日报、期刊、杂志”)
8. 答案：D (见第9段第1句：Prof Seymour’s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body’s immune system, …… “mask”的意思是“掩盖、隐蔽、伪装”， 在这里和 “disguise”同义。)
9. 答案：B (见第11段第2句： If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body’s immune system.. “mop up”这里与 “wipe out” 同义，意思是“消灭、歼灭”。)
10.答案：disable (见第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )
11. 答案：natural ones (见第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )
12. 答案：dosage (见第14段第1句：The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed.)
13. 答案：directed (见第14段最后1句：Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, …)
第一步：审题理解题意
读题审题是理解题干内容的关键一步，但是考生往往感觉要么必须彻底弄懂句子意思才能做题，要么觉得无法读懂题干而盲目做答。小编建议大家：读题干时，考生应先抓住题目的主干结构，换句话说应先弄清楚句子的主语，谓语和宾语成分，而后找出主干以外的修饰成分，譬如定语短语，定语从句，分词短语，状语从句及插入语等等。阅读句子时可以采用跳跃式的读题方法，即仍掉那些主干以外的部分，但是对于双空格的填空题来说，采用这种方法就未必有效，甚至还会解题思维造成阻碍，因为，双空格的句子往往一个句子中可以分成两个具有一定逻辑关系的分句，且两个分句或起到承前起后，或起到转折，或起到并列的作用，前程百利建议考生对于双空格的考题才取全读策略，根据具体语境寻找前后的逻辑关系。
第二步：搞懂分句基本逻辑关系
当我们顺利完成第一步，弄懂句子的主干结构和分隔成分以后，接下来开始对题干所隐含的逻辑关系进行分析，这是解题的依据所在，也是决定解题正确与否的关键环节。
在实际考试时，读题干和分析逻辑关系的步骤可以同时进行，我们基本在能够推出句子空格处所需填入的词汇的褒贬色彩以及所要表达的意义方向以后，便可以进行选项的排除及定位。另外，在寻找逻辑关系时，前程百利还建议大家在读句子时，应主动去分辨句子当中所存在的重复部分，照应结构以及主体词等等。
第三步：选择适合词汇
通过对句子进行结构分析并进行结构简化以后，接下来需要做的就是根据先前确定好的逻辑关系确定选词，如果句子所包含的逻辑关系为转折关系，那基本上双空格内应填入的词汇的关系为对立关系，我们可以视应填入的一组词为反义词，如果根据意群，我们透过分析句子的主干部分与主干以外的修饰语成分，得出其中的逻辑关系为并列关系，那么我们就可以视应填入的两个词之间的关系为同义关系，而当我们试图根据逻辑关系无法得出正确选项时，最后还剩下一个策略，那就是排除法则，只要确定出一个空格的词汇，另外一个空格的词汇我们只要将其代入其中即可。
第四步：检查选项正确性
当我们完成了填空题，最后一个环节就是检查，通常检查题目的一个优先策略就是看将选项中的词汇代入空格中，看句子从意义上是否通顺，连贯。如果句子不连贯，那么就说明所选的词项是错误的，那么我们就应该进行二次排除，直到句子通顺为止。
1. 单空题
单空题可以说是GRE填空中最为基本的题型。解题一般不需要特别复杂的技巧和方法，只要考生本身具备足够的词汇量，同时对于近义词同义词有一定的辨析能力，那么做好单空题不会有太大困难。
2. 双空题
除了考察考生的词汇能力外，双空题还需要考验考生对于两个空格之间的搭配组合。正确解答双空题的思路不是确保单一空格的绝对正确，而是确保两个空格都能先对正确且逻辑合理。大家可以从句子的连词和从句等非主要题干部分寻找到解题线索帮助解答。
3. 三空题
在双空题的基础上进一步增加了题目难度。考生需要同时考虑三个空格之间的关系。除此之外，三空题的题目往往较长，有些题目甚至达到了短篇阅读的篇幅长度。还有些题目则干脆就是一句长难句。因此，考生必须具备一定的快速阅读理解能力和解析长难句的本领。练好长难句将成为解决三空题的一个关键要点。
4. 等价题
等价题可以算是比较另类的填空题。需要从6个选项中选择出两个意思相近的答案。考生不仅需要考虑单个选项本身的合理性，还需要寻找到能够表达出相近含义的“队友”。单独分析选项很容易造成大家的思路混乱，最好的做法是看完题目后先不看选项，而是根据自己的理解拟定一个大致的答案。然后再跟题目给出的选项进行比较匹配，这样一来可以最大程度上避免错误选项的干扰。
以上就是GRE填空的标准解题步骤介绍。小编最后再次提醒大家，解答填空题一定要避免只看选项答题的做法，虽然词汇量的确是填空部分的主要考点，但许多题目只靠词汇过关并不能得到正确答案，遵循解题步骤有条不紊地解答，才能帮助大家更有效率地应对难题，确保填空部分的稳定得分。
GRE填空逻辑关系解题技巧思路分析
GRE填空逻辑关系因果类词汇整理
在做GRE填空时遇到凡是包含because, since, for, if, thus, hence, so that, so...that..., so...as to..., therefore, consequently, as a result, accordingly, in that, result in, result from, cause, give rise to, derive from, lead to, be due to 等词汇的GRE填空题目，必是在陈述某种因果关系(causal relationship)。
结合因果关系分析逻辑选项
在原因(cause)和结果(effect)之间，应存在一种内在的必然的逻辑关系。换言之，当原因或前提条件为充分时，其结果或结论应是必然的和充分的，而不应是或然的或似是而非的，反之亦然。了解这一点，假如面对一些模棱两可表态不明确的选项，大家就可以判断其是否正确了。
通过互推逻辑关系印证解题思路
按因果律高度统一的原则，可从已知的原因推知结果，或从已知的结果推出原因，在诸多情况下，原因即为结果，结果即为原因，两者为同义互补的关系。对于一些双空题来说，许多选项可能单独都是成立的，但组合在一起就会显得很奇怪，这其实就是因为这些选项在因果关系上出现了不一致无法互补的表现，如果大家做完选择后总觉得别扭，那么很有可能就是此类原因造成的，不妨及时检查答案，再次确认一下解题思路。
结合分句褒贬态度分析选项对错
从感情色彩上看，正面的原因必引发正面的结果，负面的原因必造成负面的结果，两者之间或同为褒义，或同为贬义。通过这一点，考生就可以根据句子的感情色彩来进行选项的判断和选择，对于多空题中一些意思相近，但所表达感情色彩相反的选项可以选择辨识出正确答案。
部分题目中也有间接因果逻辑
除了能辩认出包含上述词汇的明显的因果关系外，还应能辩认出某些不直接的和隐含的因果关系。在英语中，大多数的定语从句，以by引导的被动语态，以及by表示手段或方式，甚至名词前的形容词，都可以归纳到间接的因果关系这一范畴中。最后，切记在无连接词的情况下两个句子间凡出现冒号或分号这两种标点符号时，这亦为因果关系。
以上就是关于GRE填空应对多空题运用因果关系解题的相关技巧介绍，希望考生能够了解并学习这种方法，运用到自己的解题过程中，在GRE填空部分取得更好的成绩。
GRE填空如何搞懂出题人思路
如何从新GRE考试填空题目看出题人思路，通过ETS的出题思路来判断，GRE题目的难度不会有显著的变化，即使考察的词汇内容有所更新，也仅仅是小更新。所以新GRE句子填空肯定在平均的难度水平上和出题思路上保持一致的，因此分析之前的真题，无论如何都是可以应付当前的考试的。
其次，新GRE句子填空题目，一般是信息量充足型的(相对来说，阅读是信息量过剩型的，而类反是信息量缺乏型的，而数学是信息量不对称型的)，题目作者挖掉的空和他留下的词汇实际上就体现了他的思路，他挖掉的空，是体现出他想考察的点，留下的词汇和这些词汇组成的一个逻辑的和语意的线索，体现了他的思维过程，(当然，有的时候线索也可能留在选项中)出题人认为通过他留下的线索，我们是一定能推出空格的答案的.我们就是要把他的这种思维定势揣摩出来.这样说来，句子填空更向是破解密码，我们现在能做的，就是充分了解密码的编码和解码规则，然后等到遇见密码的时候根据这些规则把这些密码破译出来.我们现在要找的，就是这个编码解码规则。
再者，新GRE填空题通常都是信息量充足型的，也就是题目的信息恰好是可以选出题目空缺的信息(相对来说阅读是信息量过剩型，而类反是信息量缺乏型，数学则是信息量不对称型的。出题人挖掉的空白处正好体现了出题人的思路，留下的句子组成的逻辑线索反映了出题人的思想。因此，掌握了出题人的想所，一定是能推理出正确答案的。如此说来，解决句子填空就是让考生通过题目给出的线索，破解出出题人的思路。
举个例子：
Because medieval women’s public participation in spiritual life was not welcomed by the male establishment, a compensating religious writings, inoffensive to the members of the establishment because of its , became important for many women.
A) involvement with… privacy
B) attention to… popularity
C) familiarity with… scarcity
D) dissatisfaction with… profundity
E) resistance to… domesticity
我们先把这个句子剥离一下主干：
a …… religious writings became important for many women.
实际上说的很简单，但是，只看着一句暂时分析不出选出什么。于是作者开始添加其他句子成分，来给出线索。Because提示原因，public participation不被welcome,那么，一个compensating 的participation就应该很重要。作者提供了一个因果关系，线索直接指向第一个空格。后者必然是前者的原因，而且第一个空逗号后面是participation的同位语也就是同义的，我们就找一个participation的近义词。许多时候，像本题一样，这个句子中给出了充分多的解题线索，我们可以唯一的找到了A选项。
这里我们看出来，这个题目代表了ETS出题的一个常见思维定势，除去主干之外的其他部分，全部是为主干提供限定解释的，所以这些限定解释，就提供了主干中间空格的线索，同时，其他地方的空格，也可以由相关的成分提供的线索解决掉.我们马上能够看出来，所有的空格，出题人都在千方百计的给我们提供线索，有的时候可能还会提供冗余信息给我们。我们所要做的，就是找到这些出题人在这些原来的句子上人为加上的线索，来破解出题人的意图。
GRE填空高效复习的注意事项
1.首先简化句子：
根据构造的成分，句子可以分成主干和修饰成分。主干是一个完整的主谓结构，而修饰成分可能是从句，定语或者状语。为了准确快速地理解句子的意义，你必须分析句子的结构。但有时你并不需要掌握句子的确切意义，因为有些句子逻辑关系极为明显，你只需通过这些揭示逻辑关系的过渡词或者语气词和理解其中的关键词就可以解题。
所以，很多时候你并不需要真正的掌握GRE填空每句话的句意，你只需将不可能包含过渡词和关键词的修饰成分略掉，这样可以帮助你快速地找到正确答案。
2.然后，关注过渡词与关键词：
特别留意那些决定句子结构的过渡词，这些过渡词经常是连词，有时也会是语气态度词。通过它，你可以确定句子的组织形式(并列，或者转折)，选择与之相匹配的词。
关键词是指那些决定句子内涵，正负态度和贬褒意义的词汇。一旦你识别了这些关键词，再由句子的构造的逻辑关系，空格的内容就显而易见。这里，最重要的是你对过渡词和关键词的敏感性。
GRE填空5大实用解题思路技巧实例讲解 应对填空难题这些方法需掌握
1. 从短语结构找答案
如果在某一空格的前部或后部出现下述短语结构——a.现在分词短语，b.过去分词短语，c.形容词短语，d.同位语短语，e.介词结构 ，f.动词不定式结构——则所有这些短语结构或是在空格前作预先的铺砌，埋下一处线索，或是在空格后作补充陈述，以示强调。空格的答案均可以同义词的方式从这些短语结构中求取。
真题实例
The self-important cant of musicologists on record jackets often suggests that true appreciation of the music is an _____ process closed to the uninitiated listeners, however enthusiastic.
(A) unreliable
(B) arcane
(C) arrogant
(D) elementary
(E) intuitive
解答分析
如果音乐欣赏正是过去分词短语中所描述的那样，是“closed to the uninitiated listeners”的话，那全然是因为这一过程已变成(B) arcane的缘故。
2. 概念互补找线索
在读完题后，以最快的速度整理区分出两个(甚至三个)概念，当这些概念在题目的另一处被复述时，可用这些已知的概念进行双重或多重互补以达到解题的目的。
真题实例
The most technologically advanced societies have been responsible for the greatest_____; indeed, savagery seems to be in direct proportion to_____.
(A) wars ... viciousness
(B) catastrophes ... ill-will
(C) atrocities ... development
(D) inventions ... know-how
(E) triumphs ... civilization
解答分析
在第一个句子中，可从主语中整理出“社会的技术发达”这一概念并将其设定为概念A;即使宾语表现为空格，仍可将其设定为未知的概念B。在两个句子间出现的分号和indeed一词标志着第二个句子是对第一个句子的复述。在第二个句子中，主语savagery由于与第一个句子的概念A(技术的发达)含义不同，故可设定为概念B。自此为止，概念A和B全部已知，只需将savagery移入空格Ⅰ，将advanced变作名语后移入空格Ⅱ，便求得正确选项(C)
3. 从反义词判断空格选项
凡是出现but, yet, however, nevertheless, although, (even) though, while, whereas, notwithstanding, despite, in spite of, in contrast (to), on the contrary, on the other hand, whatever, otherwise, ironically, paradoxically, curiously, surprisingly 等带有转折逆转含义的题目，则代入空格的正确选项必与中心线索构成语义对立的反义词关系。
真题实例
Most plant species exhibit ____ in their geographical distribution: often, a given species is found over a large geographical area, but individual populations within that range are widely ____ .
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A discontinuity D separated
B density E observed
C concentration F adaptable
解答分析
a. 第二空应填入一个形容词，but引导前后的转折，所以第二空应与is found over a large geographical area形成对比，所以在DEF三个选项中D.分开的符合题意;E选项与found同义，没有发生转折所以不合适;F，可适应的，无关项。所以只有D选项符合题意。
b. 第一空应填入一个名词来表示多数植物物种(Most plant species )在地理分布上的一种特点(in their geographical distribution)，冒号引导前后解释，后面在讲单个种群是分开的，所以体现了一种不连续性，对应选项A。
c. 综上，AD。
4. 多空题从后往前做
本方法是利用题目后一部分中的线索，推断出设置于题目前一部分中空格所需的内涵。
真题实例
Science advances in _____spiral in that each new conceptual scheme _____the phenomena explained by its predecessors and adds to those explanations.
(A) a discontinuous ... decries
(B) a repetitive ... vitiates
(C) a widening ... embrace
(D) an anomalous ... captures
(E) an explosive ... questions
解答分析
本题主从句之间以“in that”(即等于because)连接，示意两部分之间的因果关系。在表示原因的题目后半部分中，以and连接了两个动词谓语结构，标志着两项原因的存在。与此相对应，在题目前半部分中，“in...spiral” 表示着两项结果。名词“spiral”(螺旋形)作为一种隐喻，意味着“重复”这一概念。而题末的“adds to those explanations”则表过了全新内容的增加这一“发展”的概念。按线索互补的原则，将“adds to those explanations”形容词化后代入空格Ⅰ，则求得(C) widening;名词spiral动词化之后代入空格Ⅱ，则求得(C) embraces。
5. 并列关系也能用来解题
“and”是并列关系中最典型的一个连接词。此外，indeed, just as, also, almost, even, similarly, correspondingly, accordingly, in the same way 等亦属并列关系。总之，凡是不含对立转折关系的大多可列入关列关系，解题时只需将相应的中心线索定位，找出一个同义词的选项即可。
真题实例
The hierarchy of medical occupations is in many ways a ____ system; its strata remain___ and the practitioners in them have very little vertical mobility.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A caste D flexible
B training E intact
C health F inferior
解答分析
a. 第一空是一道很明显的收敛逻辑题目。直接收敛逻辑的方法来解题非常迅速。第一句在说“医生职业的等级体系在诸多方面是一个什么体系”。说简单了，等级体系只能是等级体系。所以第一空直接和hierarchy对应即可。直接选出A, caste,等级制度。
b. 第二空填入一个形容词来修饰这个等级体系中的每一个层级的属性。and并列两个具有 相同属性的事物，所以从and后面找对线索：“其中的从业医师没有太大的垂直流动性(the practitioners in them have very little vertical mobility.)说明没一个层级是非常固定的。所以对应选项E. intact : having no relevant component removed or destroyed。
c. 综上，AD。
以上就是GRE填空5大实用解题方法技巧的详细介绍，结合实例讲解相信能给大家带来更为直观清晰的认识，希望这些方法能够为各位考生所用，帮助大家在考试中取得更好的成绩。
GRE填空的答题示范
例1：To believe that a culture’s achievement can be measured by the --- ---- of its written material requires one to accept that a page of junk mail is as ------- as a page of great literature.
A、nature.. readable
B、quality.. prevalent
C、timelessness.. understandable
D、applicability.. eloquent E、volume.. valuable
这个空的第二个选valuable是我比较确定的。比readable和其他的要好，但是第一个空对volume想不通，但是又不能说这个词肯定错，只能说不懂。这个nature看来好象有点通，但是又不是最好的，因为这个nature是万能GRE考试词汇，很多地方可用。
怎么办，许多时候我们的思维便开始保守。这个volume不懂什么意思，干脆就选a吧。Readable似乎也通。而且煞有介事的给readable找了一些成立的理由。
这是一个思维的误区。一定要记住。对valuable这样几乎必对的词要优先选择。除非在你把整个句子透彻理解的情况下完全排除了他的搭档的可能性。否则在句意一团模糊的情况下，优先选择自己还比较拿得准的。这样赌成功率大。
例2：It is no accident that most people find Davis’ book disturbing, for it is -- ---- to undermine a number beliefs they have long -------
A、calculated..cherished
B、annotated..assimilated
C、intended..denied
D、anxious..misunderstood
E、reputed.. anticipated
这个空也一样，只有cherished比较肯定，逻辑和语感都符合，但是第一个空不知所云，这里的calculated的意思绝非计算这么简单，自己的功力不能解出，那么，放弃这个空吗?这么好的cherished难道就放弃了吗?
看看其他的，CE肯定不对，因为意思不对。B这个词由于自己不太理解所以显得似乎可能正确，而前面的annotated也让我糊涂;D的anxious似乎有点门道，但是misunderstood不是特别通，但是如果勉强可能有点点通。
怎么办，肯定要蒙了。这时候最怕思维方式就是为这个misunderstood存在找理由，从而迎合前面的anxious，于是似乎很完美的解决了这个空，这其实是人的一种本能的完型心理，或者说溺水人要抓救命稻草的心理，尤其是那些不太自信的应试者。
这时往往是阵脚大乱，完全不是凭理性而是凭自己的想象力来作题。所以克服了这种心理，你遇到摸棱两可的题目答对的几率会猛长。
这时你面临的情况是这样的，cherished是完美的。但是calculated死活想不通是什么意思。而那个misunderstood加入自己的一些想入非非后竟然显得有些象正确答案。这时，一定要沉住气，大胆选cherished。
记住，ets的思维是简单直接力求完美的，有cherished在，除非有和cherished一样完美的答案，否则就不会象许多中国老师一样故意找一些似是而非的东西迷惑你，我们受这些老师的影响太深，所以在考虑问题的时候免不了要多绕一个弯。一定要克服这个误区。希望大家多找些类似的例句，看看这个规律是不是存在。
例3：Given the failure of independent laboratories to replicate the results of Dr. Johnson’s experiment, only the most ------- supporters of her hypothesis would be foolish enough to claim that it had been adequately -------
A、fastidious.. defined
B、partisan.. verified
C、vigilant.. publicized
D、enlightened.. researched
E、fervent.. undermined
语感的作用：adequately这样的副词如果大家积累多的话就会知道，多跟正面动作有关，充分的证明，充分的考虑，有没有这样的说法，充分的破坏呢?这种写法是不是显得有些残忍的幽默，是一个美丽的错误呢?
GRE填空的解答步骤
1. 分析句子结构：分隔与粘连是主要的重复信息的方式
A. 分隔：句子中对主干进行修饰或补充的成分
定语从句：that 同位语：that who “，” 插入语：“，” 分词结构：分词 不定式结构：to 介词短语：介词
B. 粘连：由分号或冒号分开的上下句结构(大粘连)和一个句子内部的直接简单重复(小粘连)
大粘连：直接同义重复：并列、因果关系词
双重否定与肯定句重复：(1)A;not 非A (2)A;It's wrong/foolish/presumptuous to say 非A
主动句与被动句重复：is the result of is the outgrowth of is the product of A?B;B?by A
逆否命题重复：A?B;非B?非 A(无被动句标志词)
比较句重复：to the same degree/extent as…as more/less -er better than
手段目的句重复：by for in terms of
特殊并列句重复：包含两个并列关系从句的句式
时间对比句重复：once formerly initial pristine erstwhile hereto hithertonow future before recent begin start create until no longer previous
比喻句重复：like as
小粘连：and but rather than even as…as so…as to…
2. 判断句子逻辑关系：找出信号词，判断句子的并列、转折关系和正(+)、反(—)态度关系
A. 并列关系：并列 递进 条件 因果 分号、冒号、破折号
并列：and also or just as similarly correspondingly in the same way indeed accordingly
递进：even
因果：derive from lead to due to because cause since for thereforethus hence in that so…that so…as to as a result result in result fromaccordingly consequently give rise to
B. 让步、转折：even though although even…though while whereas but yethowever nevertheless notwithstanding despite in spite of in contrast toon the contrary on the other hand far from rather than whateverotherwise ironically illogically paradoxically curiously surprisinglyunfortunately
although…, remain/continue(两次转折，— + —) 分号
C. 作者的正、反态度：态度语气词;在没有中心词时，特别要注意靠空格的正、反态度来解题
D. 强烈对比：时间强对比 人物强对比 对象强对比(句子叙述对象的转移)
E. 照应：人称代词：it 指示代词：such this that those these 定冠词：the
F. 主体词：主体动词：continue remain shift from…to oscillate between…and turn…into reconcile…and… 人物身份名词 特征人物的特征性质或特征动作
3. 定位中心词：
定位与空格对应的词汇或短语;无中心词时一般要根据句子逻辑关系两空格同时做，两空格相隔很近时一般也要同时做
4. 解题：
以上三步是做题的关键，体现了解题的思路流程，但并不是每题都必须完成这三步才能解题，这三步分别强调了解题的不同方面和角度，一般用两步或三步即可解题。
最后的提醒： 四种错误原因：
A. 逻辑关系弄反
B. 因为句子复杂或含义晦涩, 找不到中心词
C. 没有中心词
D. 选项中的词义理解不到位
GRE填空中的熟词僻义
Exercise 26
6. Her first concert appearance was disappointingly perfunctory and derivative rather than the ____ performance in the ___ style we had anticipated.
A inspired
B prosaic
C literal
D tenuous
E innovative
F mechanical
这道题其实难度并不算大，前半句讲了一位表演者表演的两个特点，“perfunctory and derivative”后半句因为是“rather than”对比关系的反义重复，两个空格分别填入前半句那两个形容词的反义表达，所以正确答案是A inspired和E innovative。但是在筛选第一空的时候，相信同学们都看到了“inspired”跟“perfunctory”的反义关系，就没有在意其它选项。
需要注意的是C选项。相信很多同学看到C选项“literal”，心想这个词应该是“字面的”意思，不能用来形容一种表演，所以就把它排除了。错!虽然C不是正确答案，但是也绝对不是因为“字面的”不能修饰“表演”这个理由而被排除的。原因很简单，在GRE填空中有一个原则，就是所有错误选项之所以错，原因只有一个，就是逻辑对应错误。因为语法或者固定搭配原因排除选项的思路，都是不对的!因为GRE考的是逻辑，不是语法。
“literal”这个词能不能修饰表演呢?我们来看韦氏词典对这个词的解释“a : according with the letter of the scriptures b : adhering to fact or to the ordinary construction or primary meaning of a term or expression : ACTUAL c : free from exaggeration or embellishment d : characterized by a concern mainly with facts ”其中“c : free from exaggeration or embellishment”意思是“没有夸张和修饰”。这个用来形容表演时完全合理的，我们完全可以说一次表演时“不夸张”的。
有同学可能会觉得，这样的刨根问底完全没有必要，因为literal的熟词僻义在这个例子中并不影响解题。那么我们来看另外一个例子：
Exercise 26
2. Although scientists claim that the seemingly_____ language of their reports is more precise than the figurative language of fiction, the language of science, like all language, is inherently______.
A ornamental
B subjective
C literal
D allusive
E unintelligible
F complex
在这道题目中，因为“although”标志转折关系，我们发现第一空应该填入的是后一个分句中“figurative language”的反义表达。那么“象征性语言”的反义表达是什么呢?我们可以推断应该是比较直白的语言，但是A、B、C三个选项中并没有表示“直白”含义的词。回想之前的那个题，我们发现，“literal”表示“不夸张的”这个意思正好符合题意。
GRE填空5大实用解题思路技巧实例讲解
GRE填空解题步骤 填空正确打开方式你掌握了吗?
1、逻辑关系
GRE填空考察的就是整体逻辑语言的能力，考生的任务就是找出句子成分间的逻辑关系，并选择一个合理且必然的选项。
句子成分间的逻辑关系对解题起着至关重要的作用，它们常常由一些明显的关键词提示。
最重要的几种逻辑关系
因果关系：because, in that, for, therefore, thus, accordingly, consequently, hence, given, so…that, so…as to, when…then, as long as, in order to……
转折关系：albeit, but, although, despite, however, in spite of, nevertheless, notwithstanding, while, whatever, regardless, even though, even if, yet……
对比关系：in contrast, on the contrary, far from, on the other hand, rather than, instead of, not…but, paradoxically, ironically, surprisingly, unexpectedly……另外还有时间的不同体现相反的关系等等
2、寻找重复关系
填空题的句子常出现陌生的专业术语，晦涩的思想观点等，但对解题并不构成真正的障碍。因为题目本身往往提供了足够的内容的重复线索帮助你找到正确的答案。
e.g.
Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions between innocence and criminality, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were popular precisely because they offered the audience a world _____ of _____.
A. bereft theatricality
B. composed adversity
C. full circumstantiality
D. deprived polarity
E. devoid neutrality
题目的主干要我们填Melodramas提供给观众一个怎样的世界，同时又告诉我们它们表现了无辜与罪恶，美德与堕落之间的刻板对立，所以我们不需要知道Melodramas是什么东东就可以判断它们提供给观众的是一个刻板对立的世界，五个选项中只有E选项“全无中立的世界”表达了这个意思。
The new biological psychiatry does not deny the contributing role of psychological factors in mental illnesses, but posits that these factors may act as a catalyst on existing physiological conditions and _____ such illnesses.
A. disguise
B. impede
C. constrain
D. precipitate
E. consummate
这道题粗看起来内容十分专业，空格要求填factors 对such illnesses 有什么样的动作。其实句子中有一个明确的重复线索，factors 起到了一个催化剂的作用，所以空格中填入一个表达催化意思的词语，就一定是正确选项。表示催化的感觉的词只有D项：precipitate
3、语气和感情色彩
有时，通过正常的阅读去理解句子比较难且费时间。但是用感情色彩去判断，处理起来就变得比较方便。
e.g.
Johnson never _____ to ignore the standards of decent conduct mandated by company policy if _____ compliance with instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so, whatever the effects on his subordinates.
A. designed tacit
B. attempted halfhearted
C. intended direct
D. scrupled literal
E. wished feigned
跟别的GRE填空题目一样，句子的意思比较令人费解，但是从句末whatever the effects on his subordinates(不管对他的下级产生怎样的影响)看，我们知道Johnson做的是一件不好的事情。从第一个空格看，五个选项只有D的scrupled填入表达这样的意思。
从一开始做题，就应该养成良好的习惯。按照这三步做，比起直接代选项到题目的好处是能够有效的避免干扰选项的误导。
总结起来，GRE填空的三个步骤就是：
1.判断逻辑关系
2.寻找重复关系
3.判断语气及感情色彩
所以只要我们熟练的运用这三步骤，几乎能解决所有的GRE填空问题。
GRE考试《填空》模拟题及答案解析
1. Noting the murder victim’s flaccid musculature and pearlike figure, she deduced that the unfortunate fellow had earned his living in some ___ occupation.
(A) treacherous
(B) prestigious
(C) ill-paying
(D) illegitimate
(E) sedentary
2. Usually the first to spot data that were inconsistent with other findings, in this particular experiment she let a number of ___ results slip by.
(A) inaccurate
(B) verifiable
(C) redundant
(D) salient
(E) anomalous
3. Gould claimed no ___ knowledge of linguistics, but only a hobbyist’s interest in language.
(A) manifest
(B) plausible
(C) technical
(D) rudimentary
(E) insignificant
4. Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity, science often operates through error, happy accidents, ___ and persistence in spite of mistakes.
(A) facts
(B) controls
(C) hunches
(D) deductions
(E) calculations
5. Early critics of Emily Dickinson’s poetry mistook for simplemindedness the surface of artlessness that in fact she constructed with such ___ .
(A) astonishment
(B) craft
(C) cunning
(D) innocence
(E) allusion
(F) vexation
6. By divesting himself of all regalities, the former king ___ the consideration that customarily protects monarchs.
(A) merited
(B) forfeited
(C) debased
(D) concealed
(E) relinquished
(F) extended
7. While nurturing parents can compensate for adversity, cold or inconsistent parents may ___ it.
(A) exacerbate
(B) neutralize
(C) aggravate
(D) eradicate
(E) ameliorate
(F) relieve
8. Wearing the latest fashions was exclusively the ___ of the wealthy until the 1850’s, when mass production, aggressive entrepreneurs, and the availability of the sewing machine made them ___ the middle class.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A aspiration
D disagreeable to
B vexation
E superfluous for
C prerogative
F accessible to
9. Although some of her fellow scientists ___ the unorthodox laboratory methodology that others found innovative, unanimous praise greeted her experimental results: at once pioneering and ___ .
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A decried
D unimpeachable
B complimented
E mundane
C welcomed
F inconclusive
10. Even though political editorializing was not ___ under the new regime, journalists still experienced ___ , though perceptible , governmental pressure to limit dissent.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A commended
D clear
B encouraged
E discreet
C forbidden
F overt
【讲解】
1. Noting the murder victim’s flaccid musculature and pearlike figure, she deduced that the unfortunate fellow had earned his living in some ___ occupation.
(A) treacherous
(B) prestigious
(C) ill-paying
(D) illegitimate
(E) sedentary
选E
翻译：注意到这起谋杀案的死者肌肉松弛身材臃肿，她推测死者可能从事某种需要久坐的工作。
noting 经常被视为一个引导因果关系的指示词
treacherous 背信弃义的
prestigious 有名望的，受人尊敬的
illegitimate 违法的，私生的，不合逻辑的
2. Usually the first to spot data that were inconsistent with other findings, in this particular experiment she let a number of ___ results slip by.
(A) inaccurate
(B) verifiable
(C) redundant
(D) salient
(E) anomalous
选E
翻译：通常来说实验首先要找出与其他结果明显矛盾的数据，但这次她漏过了一些明显偏离常态的结果。
verifiable 可核实的
redundant 多余的，冗余的
salient 主要的，显著的，(角等)凸出的
anomalous 不明确的，模棱两可的
3. Gould claimed no ___ knowledge of linguistics, but only a hobbyist’s interest in language.
(A) manifest
(B) plausible
(C) technical
(D) rudimentary
(E) insignificant
选C
翻译：古尔德说他没有什么专业的语言学知识，爱好而已。
这题我没什么好说的，对比关系明显，不要把 Gould 看成 Could 就好，否则会堕入理解的无底深渊(不要问我从哪里来)。
manifest 明显的
plausible 貌似合理的，能说会道的，花言巧语的
rudimentary 基本的，初步发展的，未成熟的
4. Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity, science often operates through error, happy accidents, ___ and persistence in spite of mistakes.
(A) facts
(B) controls
(C) hunches
(D) deductions
(E) calculations
选C
翻译：大众认为科学进步靠的是某些清醒客观的品质，然而科学经常充满了误差，百折不挠，因祸得福。
deduction 推演，结论，扣除
5. Early critics of Emily Dickinson’s poetry mistook for simplemindedness the surface of artlessness that in fact she constructed with such ___ .
(A) astonishment
(B) craft
(C) cunning
(D) innocence
(E) allusion
(F) vexation
选BC
翻译：早期的评论家们误因艾米莉·迪金森的诗歌表面朴实无华，以为她头脑简单，其实这种朴实是苦心经营，刻意营造的。
astonishment 惊愕，奇迹
craft 技巧，诡计，手艺
cunning 欺诈，狡猾
allusion 暗指，引用典故
vexation 烦恼
6. By divesting himself of all regalities, the former king ___ the consideration that customarily protects monarchs.
(A) merited
(B) forfeited
(C) debased
(D) concealed
(E) relinquished
(F) extended
选BE
翻译：退位后，前国王放弃了传统上保护君主的想法。
divest 脱去(衣物)，卸下、解除(权力，权利，责任等)
divest oneself of something 使自己摆脱(情感，思想等)
merit 值得，应获得
forfeit 丧失，失去，被没收
debase 降低(某物的)质量、地位或价值
conceal 隐藏，掩盖或隐瞒某事物 / 某人
relinquish 放弃
7. While nurturing parents can compensate for adversity, cold or inconsistent parents may ___ it.
(A) exacerbate
(B) neutralize
(C) aggravate
(D) eradicate
(E) ameliorate
(F) relieve
选AC
翻译：呵护的父母可以弥补成长中的不幸，冷淡或反复无常的父母则使之加重。
while引导对比关系的典型例题
neutralize 中和，使中立、中性
8. Wearing the latest fashions was exclusively the ___ of the wealthy until the 1850’s, whenmass production, aggressive entrepreneurs, and the availability of the sewing machine made them ___ the middle class.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A aspiration
D disagreeable to
B vexation
E superfluous for
C prerogative
F accessible to
选CF
翻译：1850年代以前，衣着紧跟流行还只是富人的特权，大规模生产，进取的企业家以及缝纫机的普及使中产阶级也能加入这个行列。
出现具体的时间概念，往往以为着这个时间点前后的状态构成对比关系。
aspiration 雄心，抱负
vexation 烦恼
disaggreeable 不合意的，别扭的，讨厌的，脾气暴躁的
superfuous 多余的
9. Although some of her fellow scientists ___ the unorthodox laboratory methodology that others found innovative, unanimous praise greeted her experimental results: at once pioneering and ___ .
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A decried
D unimpeachable
B complimented
E mundane
C welcomed
F inconclusive
选AD
翻译：尽管一些同事诋毁她的非传统实验方法，另一些同事则认为有所创新，对实验结果大家倒是众口一词地称赞：既有开创性又无可置疑。
at once 1 立即、马上;2 both，at the same time
10. Even though political editorializing was not ___ under the new regime, journalists still experienced ___ , though perceptible , governmental pressure to limit dissent.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A commended
D clear
B encouraged
E discreet
C forbidden
F overt
选CE
翻译：尽管新政权并不禁止发表政论，但记者们还是感受到政府限制不同意见的压力，这种压力虽然可以察觉，却也谨慎。
commend 称赞，(把某物)托付(给某人，to)
discreet 言行谨慎的，不显眼的
overt 公开的
GRE考试《填空》模拟题及答案解析
【题目】
1. Although adolescent maturational and developmental states occur in an orderly sequence, their timing ___ with regard to onset and duration.
(A) lasts
(B) varies
(C) falters
(D) accelerates
(E) dwindles
2. The development of containers, possibly made from bark or the skins of animals, although this is a matter of ___ , allowed the extensive sharing of forage foods in prehistoric human societies.
(A) record
(B) fact
(C) degree
(D) importance
(E) conjecture
3. It is difficult to distinguish between the things that charismatic figures do ___ and those that are carefully contrived for effect.
(A) formally
(B) publicly
(C) prolifically
(D) spontaneously
(E) willfully
4. Imposing steep fines on employers for on-the-job injuries to workers could be an effective ___ to creating a safer workplace, especially in the case of employers with poor safety records.
(A) antidote
(B) alternative
(C) addition
(D) deterrent
(E) incentive
5. One virus strain that may help gene therapists cure genetic brain diseases can enter the peripheral nervous system and travel to the brain, ___ the need to inject the therapeutic virus directly into the brain.
(A) suggesting
(B) intensifying
(C) elucidating
(D) satisfying
(E) obviating
(F) avoiding
6. It is his dubious distinction to have proved what nobody would think of denying, that Romero at the age of sixty-four writes with all the characteristics of ___ .
(A) maturity
(B) fiction
(C) inventiveness
(D) art
(E) brilliance
(F) ripeness
7. Vaillant, who has been particularly interested in the means by which people attain mental health, seems to be looking for ___ answers: a way to close the book on at least a few questions about human nature.
(A) temporary
(B) confused
(C) definitive
(D) personal
(E) derivative
(F) conclusive
8. Individual freedom of thought should be ___ more absolutely than individual freedom of action, given that the latter, though also desirable, must be ___ the limits imposed by the rights and freedom of others.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A exercised
D indifferent to
B protected
E superior to
C curtailed
F subject to
9. To test the ___ of borrowing from one field of study to enrich another, simply investigate the extent to which terms from the one may, without forcing, be ___ the other.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A universality
D utilized by
B decorum
E superseded by
C efficacy
F confused with
10. The wonder of De Quincey is that although opium dominated his life, it never ___ him; indeed, he turned its use to ___ when he published the story of its influence in the London Magazine.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A conquered
D altruism
B released
E gain
C distressed
F pleasure
【答案与讲解】
29:52
130-250
来自精神与时间的房子
1. Although adolescent maturational and developmental states occur in an orderly sequence, their timing ___ with regard to onset and duration.
(A) lasts
(B) varies
(C) falters
(D) accelerates
(E) dwindles
选B
翻译：尽管青少年成熟和发育状态遵循一个有规律的顺序，但起止时间却各不相同。
falter 摇晃，蹒跚，迟疑，嗓音颤抖，结巴支吾
dwindle 逐渐减少，缩小
with regard to 关于…，在…方面
2. The development of containers, possibly made from bark or the skins of animals,although this is a matter of ___ , allowed the extensive sharing of forage foods in prehistoric human societies.
(A) record
(B) fact
(C) degree
(D) importance
(E) conjecture
选E
翻译：容器可能由树皮或兽皮制成，尽管这是种推测，但它的发展使得史前人类社会可以大范围分配采集的食物。
conjecture 推测，猜测
3. It is difficult to distinguish between the things that charismatic figures do ___ andthose that are carefully contrived for effect.
(A) formally
(B) publicly
(C) prolifically
(D) spontaneously
(E) willfully
选D
翻译：其他人难以分辨，领袖做一件事是发自本心还是刻意作秀。
prolifically 多产地，作品多地
spontaneously 自发地，非外力勉强地
contrived 显然经过精心设计的，非自发的，矫揉造作的
willfully 故意地，任性地
当地时间2016年2月24日报道，朝鲜中央电视台播放纪录片《荣誉献给宇宙征服者》，纪录片中朝鲜最高领导人金正恩日前出席为“光明星4号”成功发射有功人员举行的表彰大会，并为有功人员含泪鼓掌。
4. Imposing steep fines on employers for on-the-job injuries to workers could be an effective ___ to creating a safer workplace, especially in the case of employers with poor safety records.
(A) antidote
(B) alternative
(C) addition
(D) deterrent
(E) incentive
选E
翻译：一旦工人发生工伤就对老板课以极重的罚款，想建立一个安全的工作环境，这可能是个有效刺激，特别是对那些安全记录劣迹斑斑的老板来说。
steep 陡的，(价格或要求)过高而不合理的
on-the-job 在职的 at work
antidote 解毒剂，矫正办法、对抗手段
alternative 可能性之一，可能性中的选择
deterrent 威慑力量，遏止因素
incentive 动因，刺激
5. One virus strain that may help gene therapists cure genetic brain diseases can enter the peripheral nervous system and travel to the brain, ___ the need to inject the therapeutic virus directly into the brain.
(A) suggesting
(B) intensifying
(C) elucidating
(D) satisfying
(E) obviating
(F) avoiding
选EF
翻译：一种可以帮助基因医疗专家治愈脑部基因疾患的病毒，能够进入外围神经系统并移动到脑，使我们不必直接把医用病毒注射进患者脑内。
suggest 建议，使人想到、唤起，暗示，要求
intensify 加强
elucidate 阐明
obviate 消除，排除
avoid 远离，避免
6. It is his dubious distinction to have proved what nobody would think of denying, that Romero at the age of sixty-four writes with all the characteristics of ___ .
(A) maturity
(B) fiction
(C) inventiveness
(D) art
(E) brilliance
(F) ripeness
选AF
翻译：特别就 “六十四岁的作者 Romero 写作风格相当成熟” 这种谁都心知肚明的问题作了一番论证，使他获得了一种明褒实贬的恭维。
dubious 可疑的，名声不好的、不可靠的，不确定的，(尤作反语)有争议的、价值可疑的
举一个关于明褒实贬的例子。表面用你和尧舜比，其实是说桓帝和你的(坏)的程度，类似于尧与舜(贤德)的程度。
……
牧孙奇，灵帝时为侍中，帝尝从容问奇曰：“朕何如桓帝?”对曰：“陛下之于桓帝，亦犹虞舜比德唐尧。”帝不悦曰：“卿强项，真杨震子孙，死后必复致大鸟矣。”出为汝南太守。帝崩后，复入为侍中卫尉，从献帝西迁，有功勤……
(《后汉书·卷五十四·杨震列传第四十四》)
distinction 区分，差异，特点，优越的品质，荣誉
inventiveness 善于发明，有创造力
brilliance 光彩，卓越的才智，壮丽
7. Vaillant, who has been particularly interested in the means by which people attain mental health, seems to be looking for ___ answers: a way to close the book on at least a few questions about human nature.
(A) temporary
(B) confused
(C) definitive
(D) personal
(E) derivative
(F) conclusive
选CF
翻译：瓦伦一直醉心于让人精神健康的方法，似乎正在寻找一种治本的答案：一种至少在某些人类本质问题上终结争论的方案。
to close the book on something 固定搭配，“彻底地解决某事”
这种每个单词都极熟悉的固定搭配往往更隐蔽，请认真备考的同学充分认识到它们的重要，读不通句子的时候，别忘了怀疑它们。
to close (also shut) the book(s) on:
to draw a line under (a difficult or distressing issue, situation, etc.);
to expend no further energy on (something), to resolve not to engage in further discussion or consideration of.
1981 D. Shapiro Autonomy & Rigid Char. v. 114 The masochistic person cannot permit himself to close the books on old grievances.
1999 N. Haugerud Jailhouse Stories 123 After nearly an hour and a half of questioning I'd given up on getting anything out of Pee Wee, so I stood up ready to close the book on this part of the investigation.
2012 USA Today (Nexis) 21 Sept. 3 a, A scathing internal Justice Department report on a botched gun-trafficking investigation..is not likely to close the book on the scandal.
(www.oed.com/ 《牛津大辞典》 在线版)
definitive 确定的，最终的
derivative 非原创的(拷贝的)，沿革的，衍生的
8. Individual freedom of thought should be ___ more absolutely than individual freedom of action, given that the latter, though also desirable, must be ___ the limits imposed by the rights and freedom of others.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A exercised
D indifferent to
B protected
E superior to
C curtailed
F subject to
选BF
翻译：个人思考的自由应该比个人行为的自由受到更绝对的保护，因为后者尽管值得追求，却必须满足 不影响他人自由与权利 的限制。
exercise 使用，履行，练习
curtail 截短
be subject to 以某事物为条件，取决于某事物
indifferent 公正的，冷漠的，适度的，质量或能力低的
9. To test the ___ of borrowing from one field of study to enrich another, simply investigate the extent to which terms from the one may, without forcing, be ___ the other.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A universality
D utilized by
B decorum
E superseded by
C efficacy
F confused with
选CD
翻译：想测验一个领域的研究能够如何丰富另一个领域的研究，只需调查在没有外力的影响下，前者的术语在多大程度上能够为后者使用。
universality 普遍性，广泛性
decorum 正派得体，适当，规范性(合乎经典)，礼节
efficacy 效力(产生有效结果的能力)
supersede 取代
10. The wonder of De Quincey is that although opium dominated his life, it never ___him; indeed, he turned its use to ___ when he published the story of its influence in the London Magazine.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A conquered
D altruism
B released
E gain
C distressed
F pleasure
选AE
翻译：德昆西最让人惊羡的原因是尽管他一生依赖鸦片，但鸦片从未征服他;实际上，他在《伦敦杂志》上刊发自己的鸦片故事，还因此赚了不少钱。
distressed 痛苦的，用久磨损的，做旧仿古的，削价出售的
altruism 利他主义
德·昆西 [De Quincey, Thomas]
(1785.8.15,英格兰 兰开夏 曼彻斯特～1859.12.8,苏格兰 爱丁堡)
英国散文作家和评论家。在牛津大学就读时，为减轻颜面神经病痛而开始吸鸦片，后来吸食成瘾，也使他写出最好的作品，即《一个英国鸦片吸食者的自白》(1822，Confessions of an English Opium Eater)。这部散文作品充满诗意和想像力，成为英国文学的杰作。文学评论以《论“麦克白”剧中的敲门声》(1823)最为有名。
GRE填空解题步骤
