以下是小编帮大家整理的雅思写作题型的两种分类方法和题目例子大盘点（共含6篇），欢迎大家收藏分享。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“geekyy”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
一、雅思写作分类-按行文逻辑分类
雅思写作有哪些题型?
它可以分为五类;观点类(agree or disagree)，讨论类(discuss both views and give your own opinion)，优劣势(advantages outweigh the disadvantages)，报告文(why and solution)以及混合类(why?positive or negative development)。
很多考生都会认为观点类、讨论类以及优劣势的文章都可以用一种写作结构。其实不然。每一种题型都有属于自己的写作结构，其中讨论类是最需要注意的。下面陈蜀东老师就专门针对讨论类的文章给大家详细分析。
通常情况下，讨论类题目的提问方式是：Discuss both views and give your own opinion。从提问可知，我们需要满足两个要求，第一就是“讨论双方观点”，第二个就是“给出自己的观点”。因此，我们就很好地可以确定文章的结构。
开头段 背景句+双方题目转述(不需要表达个人观点)
Body 1 讨论题目中第一个观点的合理性
Body 2 讨论题目中第二个观点的合理性
Body 3 给出自己的观点
这时，很多考生会问，结尾段呢?答案就是“可不写结尾段”!原因就是文章的主体三个段落已经完全回答了题目的要求。这样的写法，考官也用，以《剑桥真题6》第二篇范文为例。
Successful sports professions can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
成功的体育职业比从事其他重要职业的人能挣多得多的钱。有些人认为这是完全正当的，而另一些人认为这是不公平的。
讨论两种观点并给出你自己的观点。
Body 1 (论述为什么有的人认为“体育明星的高收入不公平”)
Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a persona makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sports in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.
许多人发现他们的报酬是不公平的，尤其是当把这些高薪与那些顶级外科医生或研究科学家，甚至是有责任治理国家的主要政治家相比时。
然而，运动员的薪水并不取决于个人对社会的贡献，也不取决于他或她所承担的责任。相反，它们反映了体育运动在公众中的普遍受欢迎程度，以及成功明星所能获得的公众支持水平。因此，“公平”的概念不是问题所在。
Body 2 (论述为什么有的人认为“体育明星的高收入是合理的”)
Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.
那些认为体育明星的薪水是合理的人可能会争辩说，拥有真正才华的专业人士的数量非常少，而金钱是对一个人成功所需的技能和奉献精神的认可。
竞争是持续的，球员在他们相对短暂的职业生涯中每次表现都会受到考验。来自媒体的压力很大，在聚光灯下几乎没有隐私可言。所以所有这些因素都可以证明巨大的收益是合理的。
Body 3 (表面自己的观点)
Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earning of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicates that our society places more value on sport than more essential professionals and achievements.
就我个人而言，我认为体育明星赚的钱比电影明星赚的钱更合理，但同时，这也表明我们的社会更重视体育而不是更重要的专业人士和成就。
所以，对于讨论类的文章，我们只需要完全回答题目的要求就可以了，文章的结构也是特别的简单明了。
二、雅思写作分类-按文章主题分类
雅思写作题型一、教育类
A.理论与实践
1.知识和经验的重要性。
2.为什么要上大学。
3.大学理论和实践课程的关系。
4.高中毕业的学生是否应该在去大学前要工作或旅游一年
5.高中生评估和挑战老师，会不会没有尊重没有纪律性。
6.成功人士所需素质是不是必须从大学或相似的科研学术机构中学习。
B.男女生问题
7.大学专业招收的学生男女比例是否应该协调。
8.男女分校的利弊。
雅思写作题型二、体育活动类
1.学生花时间练习体育运动的利与弊/该不该。
2.体育活动造成竞争而非合作是否应该提倡。
3.体育盛事是否有利于缓解世界紧张局势，维护世界和平。
雅思写作题型三、语言类
1.怎样说服他人学习自己母语。
2.英语流行的利弊。
3.机器翻译的推进是否导致不必学外语。
4.英语和国际旅游业的流行会不会导致小语种和小民族的伤害。
雅思写作题型四、新闻广告类
1.人们是否只应阅读真实事件或人物。
2.是否新闻的真实性和好的工作者的素质。
3.广告的利弊。
雅思写作题型五、青少年成长类
1.学生变异行为或态度的原因和改善。
2.家庭小孩的惩罚教育是否有效。
3.学生压力是否很大。
4.父母是否应该限制小孩看电视玩游戏，应该看书学习。
5.儿童的性格来自先天还是后天培养。
6 儿童要学会竞争还是合作。
7 课余参加有偿劳动是否提倡。
雅思写作题型六、老年人类
1.我们这一辈人和上辈人区别的重要方式。
2.公司55岁的老人是否应该退休让位给年青人。
3.年青人比老年人社会地位高的原因和改善。
雅思写作题型七、科技与传统类
1.电脑电视录相等是否替代书籍成为传媒和教育的工具。
2.电脑的普及是否会取代老师的教育。
3.建立博物馆的目的和手段。
4.网络的普及影响到生活中家庭成员或是朋友之间的亲密关系。
5.科学技术的发展有多大的潜在危机。
6.技术发展是否影响娱乐习惯和减少创造力。
7 生命工程中的器官移植和试管婴儿等是否不人道。
雅思写作题型八、金钱类
1.人类登月类似研究浪费金钱和时间么。
2.医生应以救人为主，不论病人之贫和利益。
3.向朋友借钱会否影响友谊及其原因。
4.花钱买东西或用东西交换的各自好处，你喜欢哪种?
5.体育专业是否应该拿钱比其它重要的专业多。
雅思写作题型九、国家政府类
1.政府是否应该重视传统和艺术。
2.发展中国家是应该致力于发展本国的科技研究还是发展人文教育。
3.政府花钱在艺术上还是其他事情上。
4.政府财政支持在科学上还是语言商业上。
5.你的国家城乡差距大的原因和解决。
6.电影教给你其他国家的哪些概况
7.富国是否应该帮助穷国。
8.你的国家和其他地方有何相似，怎样相似。
9.政府是否该为母亲工作提供帮助和资源。
10.国外工作一段时期对个人和国家有何影响。
雅思写作题型十、变革类
1.发明什么是你的愿望。
2.改变家乡的一个重要举措。
3.新千年是否世界变化的机会和你希望怎样变化。
4.人类为什么变得长寿。
雅思写作题型十一、环境类
1.怎样改进地区公园或国家公园。
2.动物做宠物还是野生动物资源。
3.是否应该关闭动物园。
4.小轿车是否利大于弊。
5.吸烟是否应该非法化。
6.一个国家和城市的环境保护是应该由个人，团体(公司)和政府来共同承担。
雅思写作题型十二、个人看法类
1.拥有土地后怎样运用。
2.喜欢亲自动手还是喜欢机器。
3.独处还是和朋友相处。
4.玩游戏是否一定要赢。
5.安乐死是否会合法化。
6.游客是否遵从当地风俗。
7.堕胎应该提倡还是非人道。
8.对现在工作压力大闲暇时间少的看法。
9.名人是否因隐私付出代价及是否应该拥有此权
10.工作需要的转变和自身适应。
Some people like to do only what they already do well. Other people prefer to try new things and take risks.
Which do you prefer?
Model Answer:
Form my everyday experience and observation I think that all people who succeeded in life had to work hard and gain more knowledge and experience in order to reach their goals. From the other hand, people who all their life do things they already do well and do not improve their knowledge do not move forward. I base my statement on the following points.
First of all, people who want to succeed must constantly improve their knowledge and gain more experience. Moreover, they must be the best at their profession. So, they need to try new things, take risks sometimes and work hard.
Second of all, it is impossible to live without trying new things. Imagine one wants to learn how to drive. He will never be able to do it without learning new things such as driving rules.
Personally, I think that it is very interesting to learn new, to gain more experience, to make new goals and reach them. Life is too short to stay on one place. People need changes because they make our lives more beautiful and exiting. We find out new things, learn new things and dream to know other things. People need challenges because while overcoming obstacles we make new discoveries, become stronger, perfect ourselves and move forward.
To sum up, I believe that people's aspiration for learning new things is the main reason the way we live now. People make many discoveries and inventions that make our lives easier, happier and longer.
流程图
地图题
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曲线图
混合图
柱状图
表格图
雅思大作文6大题型(按文章逻辑分)
1.for&against,或者是advantage&disadvantage
支持反对类型/有点缺点类型
2.discussion
讨论型
3.to what extent do you agree or disagree
你对某观点的赞成/反对程度
4.cause&effect
问题产生原因和影响
5.problem&solution
问题说明和解决方案
6.compare&contrast
两种观点比较
雅思大作文12大题型(按文章主题分)
一、教育类
A.理论与实践
1.知识和经验的重要性。
2.为什么要上大学。
3.大学理论知识和实践课程的关系。
4.高中毕业的学生是否应该在去大学前要工作或旅游一年
5.高中生评估和挑战老师，会不会没有尊重没有纪律性。
6.成功人士所需素质是不是必须从大学或相似的科研学术机构中去学习。
B.男女生问题
7.大学专业招收的学生男女比例是否应该协调。
8.男女分校的利弊。
二、体育活动类：
1.学生花时间练习体育运动的利与弊/该不该。
2.体育活动造成竞争而非合作的是否应该提倡。
3.体育盛事是否有利于缓解世界紧张局势可以维护世界和平。
三、语言类
1.如何说服他人学习自己母语。
2.英语流行的利弊。
3.机器翻译的发展是否导致不必学外语。
4.英语和国际旅游业的流行会不会导致小语种和小民族的伤害。
四、新闻广告类
1.人们是否只应阅读真实事件或人物。
2.新闻的真实性和好的工作者的素质有关系吗。
3.广告的利与弊。
五、青少年成长类
1.学生变异行为或态度的原因和改善。
2.家庭小孩的惩罚教育是否有效。
3.学生压力是否很大。
4.父母是否应该限制小孩看电视玩游戏而应该看书学习。
5.儿童的性格来自先天还是后天培养。
6 儿童要学会竞争还是学习合作。
7 课余参加有偿劳动是否可以提倡。
六、老年人类
1.我们这一辈人和上辈人区别的重要方式。
2.公司55岁的老人是否应该退休把位置让给年青人。
3.年青人比老年人社会地位高的原因和怎么改善。
七、科技与传统类
1.电脑电视录相等是否替代书籍成为传媒和教育的工具。
2.电脑的普及是否会取代老师的对学生的教育。
3.建立博物馆的目的和手段有哪些。
4.网络的普及影响到生活中家庭成员或是朋友之间的亲密关系。
5.科学技术的发展有多少潜在的危机呢。
6.技术发展是否影响娱乐习惯从而减少创造力。
7 生命工程中的器官移植和试管婴儿等是否符合人道。
八、金钱类
1.人类登月类似研究浪费金钱和时间么。
2.医生应以救人为主，不论病人之贫和利益。
3.向朋友借钱会否影响友谊及其原因。
4.花钱买东西或用东西交换的各自好处你喜欢哪种?
5.体育专业的费用是否应该应该比其它重要专业的费用多。
九、国家政府类
1.政府是否应该重视传统和艺术。
2.发展中国家是应该致力于发展本国的科技研究还是去发展人文教育呢。
3.政府花钱在艺术上还是其他事情上。
4.政府财政支持在科学上还是语言商业上。
5.你的国家城乡差距大的原因和解决。
6.电影教给你其他国家的哪些概况
7.富国是否应该帮助穷国。
8.你的国家和其他地方有何相似，如何相似。
9.政府是否该为母亲的工作提供帮助和资源。
10.国外工作一段时期对个人和国家有何影响。
十、变革类
1.发明什么是你的愿望。
2.改变家乡的一个重要举措。
3.新千年是否符合世界变化的机会和你希望如何变化。
4.人类为什么变得长寿。
十一、环境类
1.如何改进地区公园或国家公园。
2.动物做宠物还是野生动物。
3.是否应该关闭动物园。
4.小轿车是否利大于弊。
5.吸烟是否应该非法化。
6.一个国家和城市的环境保护是应该由个人，团体(公司)和政府来共同承担。
十二、个人看法类
1.拥有土地后如何运用。
2.喜欢亲自动手还是喜欢机器。
3.对独处还是和朋友相处的看法。
4.玩游戏是否一定要赢。
5.安乐死是否会合法化。
6.游客是否应当遵从当地风俗习惯。
7.堕胎应该提倡还是认为是非人道。
8.对现在工作压力大但是闲暇时间非常少有什么看法。
9.名人是否因隐私付出代价及是否应该拥有此权
10.工作需要的转变和自身适应。
雅思写作范文：与外星人沟通
Task：Some scientists believe that intelligent life forms may exist on other planets and some want to send messages to contact them. Others think it is a bad idea because these life forms may be too dangerous. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
题目讲解：
双方观点讨论型，首段可不用明确自身观点，但结尾要明确自身观点。新话题，在联系外星人方面，可从科技、人类生活质量角度详细论述;反对联系外星人方面，可从其性格对人类的影响，以及外星人的意图与未知的能力角度出发，具体阐述。本文自身观点是在人类自身环境安全的情况下，可以试图寻找外星人，但无法确保人类生命的情况下，最好不要联系打扰外星人的生活。
Sample answer：
With advancement of societal technology, certain scientists work for looking for other intelligent life forms who may not exist on the earth such as aliens. While some people argue that contacting with them is likely to bring danger to human. Therefore, the essay aims to critically discuss both views and come up with my own opinion.
That a number of researchers try to find other planets’ living species has to be admitted that pursing that curiosity is one of mankind’s nature. Additionally, by exchanging ideas with aliens about historical progression and academic discussion and so on, mankind’s world has the opportunity to make immense progress in modern technology by giving inspirations to scientists for pushing the frontiers of science which may solve particular thorny issues such as environmental pollution. On the other hand, as far as some researchers are concerned, it lays a solid foundation for people to possess an improved quality of life who live on other planets in order to avoid diseases and disasters brought by serve atmosphere pollution and doomsday respectively.
While, simultaneously, others claim that touching with aliens probably breaks seemingly peaceful earth and brings unexpected danger. Firstly, it is likely that being greedy, exploitative and violent, aliens are searching for somewhere to harvest for water, minerals and fuel, contributing to meeting unprecedented risk by telling them the man’s existence. Furthermore, people know nothing of extraterrestrial intelligence intentions and capabilities so it is impossible to predict whether they will be benign or hostile. For example, earthlings will may be slaughtered and enslaved as colonized countries in the past time.
From a personal perspective, earthlings can try to search for other unique life forms in various planets, but without promising to guarantee human’s lives, it would not better send messages to aliens and disturb their daily lives.
(300 words)
雅思写作范文：网络使我们失去交流能力
Task：More people are using mobile phones and computers to communicate. Therefore, people are losing the ability to communicate with each other face to face. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Sample answer：
Now you are benefiting from the use of mobile phone and the Internet as social interaction media, could you imagine what your daily lives would be without these inventions? Some people claim that individuals are gradually losing face-to-face communication skills. Nevertheless, from personal perspective, online communication cannot make people lose the ability of offline communication.
Apparently, excessive use of the Internet and mobile phones has been undermining our interpersonal relationship offline. Even during a face-to-face conversation, it is no rare thing that everyone is busy looking at his cell phones, neglecting his friends or families across the dinner table. In addition, it has become incredibly easy to contact each other electronically and share information instantly in social community. Gone are the days when people could only communicate via fixed telephone or writing letters which took several days to reach others. So no one is not crazy about smart phones and computers which boast cutting-edge functions like sharing photos and videos with more friends simultaneously.
In spite of the popularity of technological progress mentioned above, never should we turn a blind eye to the irreplaceablity of face-to-face communication. It is common that many schools impart knowledge to students by teaching in classrooms instead of distance education. The same is true of the cooperation among companies, which needs face to face conversation to acquire trust with each other in advance. Furthermore, although online contact may possess increasing numbers of friends, the permanence of mutual relationships cannot lack face-to-face interactions, which can be confirmed by the example of the closest friends and even loving couples. Besides, solving tricky issues are generally more effective and more convenient by surrounding colleagues or friends then by those who live and work in remote places and need online communication.
As far as social interaction is concerned, although the cell phone and the Internet have updated the lives of the current generation. People cannot forget how to make offline communication with each other.
(325 words)
雅思写作范文：科技提高食品质量
Task：
It is known to all that the technological and scientific advances have made greater changes to the range and quality of our food. Some people regard it as an improvement while others believe that the change is harmful. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
随着科学技术的进步，食品的种类，质量都有了提高。有人认为这种现象是好的，也有人觉得这样是有害的。讨论双方观点，并给出你的意见。
Sample answer：
When it comes to the issue about how to judge the use of technologies on food, some people may argue that it contributes to a wider range of available food with better quality for human beings, but others believe that such advances may bring detriments to people’s health.
On one hand, thanks to the modern technologies, human beings are potent to enjoy a wider range of food than before. In the past, people could only enjoy some specific food in specific seasons, such as watermelon in summer. However, with the development of modern technologies, such as the green house, it is also available for individuals to enjoy watermelon in any season they like. Thus, the range of food has been exactly enlarged a lot due to the technological progress.
On the other hand, some potential risks may also exist with the utilization of technologies. It is acknowledged that scientists are eager to explore the mystery of transgene technologies and have adopted some technologies on food. However, the public may be fearful of such new product and even parade to resist transgene food since they cannot know whether some ingredients, after being altered by scientists, would do harm to their health. Considering the short history of transgene food, it is also understandable that human beings are reluctant to accept this new technology.
From my own perspective, it may be inevitable for human beings to adopt some scientific technologies to improve the range and quality of food, especially with the hybrid rice largely alleviating the famine worldwide. However, the possibility of negative consequences caused by it may not be ignored, either. Governments and scientists should be more responsible for their behavior and more scientific researches should be carried out to guarantee that the side effect of new food should be minimal. After all, what human beings intend through technologies on food is a better life, but not death.
(316 words)
流程图
地图题
饼图
曲线图
混合图
柱状图
表格图
雅思大作文6大题型(按文章逻辑分)
1.for&against,或者是advantage&disadvantage
支持反对类型/有点缺点类型
2.discussion
讨论型
3.to what extent do you agree or disagree
你对某观点的赞成/反对程度
4.cause&effect
问题产生原因和影响
5.problem&solution
问题说明和解决方案
6.compare&contrast
两种观点比较
雅思大作文12大题型(按文章主题分)
一、教育类
A.理论与实践
1.知识和经验的重要性。
2.为什么要上大学。
3.大学理论知识和实践课程的关系。
4.高中毕业的学生是否应该在去大学前要工作或旅游一年
5.高中生评估和挑战老师，会不会没有尊重没有纪律性。
6.成功人士所需素质是不是必须从大学或相似的科研学术机构中去学习。
B.男女生问题
7.大学专业招收的学生男女比例是否应该协调。
8.男女分校的利弊。
二、体育活动类：
1.学生花时间练习体育运动的利与弊/该不该。
2.体育活动造成竞争而非合作的是否应该提倡。
3.体育盛事是否有利于缓解世界紧张局势可以维护世界和平。
三、语言类
1.如何说服他人学习自己母语。
2.英语流行的利弊。
3.机器翻译的发展是否导致不必学外语。
4.英语和国际旅游业的流行会不会导致小语种和小民族的伤害。
四、新闻广告类
1.人们是否只应阅读真实事件或人物。
2.新闻的真实性和好的工作者的素质有关系吗。
3.广告的利与弊。
五、青少年成长类
1.学生变异行为或态度的原因和改善。
2.家庭小孩的惩罚教育是否有效。
3.学生压力是否很大。
4.父母是否应该限制小孩看电视玩游戏而应该看书学习。
5.儿童的性格来自先天还是后天培养。
6 儿童要学会竞争还是学习合作。
7 课余参加有偿劳动是否可以提倡。
六、老年人类
1.我们这一辈人和上辈人区别的重要方式。
2.公司55岁的老人是否应该退休把位置让给年青人。
3.年青人比老年人社会地位高的原因和怎么改善。
七、科技与传统类
1.电脑电视录相等是否替代书籍成为传媒和教育的工具。
2.电脑的普及是否会取代老师的对学生的教育。
3.建立博物馆的目的和手段有哪些。
4.网络的普及影响到生活中家庭成员或是朋友之间的亲密关系。
5.科学技术的发展有多少潜在的危机呢。
6.技术发展是否影响娱乐习惯从而减少创造力。
7 生命工程中的器官移植和试管婴儿等是否符合人道。
八、金钱类
1.人类登月类似研究浪费金钱和时间么。
2.医生应以救人为主，不论病人之贫和利益。
3.向朋友借钱会否影响友谊及其原因。
4.花钱买东西或用东西交换的各自好处你喜欢哪种?
5.体育专业的费用是否应该应该比其它重要专业的费用多。
九、国家政府类
1.政府是否应该重视传统和艺术。
2.发展中国家是应该致力于发展本国的科技研究还是去发展人文教育呢。
3.政府花钱在艺术上还是其他事情上。
4.政府财政支持在科学上还是语言商业上。
5.你的国家城乡差距大的原因和解决。
6.电影教给你其他国家的哪些概况
7.富国是否应该帮助穷国。
8.你的国家和其他地方有何相似，如何相似。
9.政府是否该为母亲的工作提供帮助和资源。
10.国外工作一段时期对个人和国家有何影响。
十、变革类
1.发明什么是你的愿望。
2.改变家乡的一个重要举措。
3.新千年是否符合世界变化的机会和你希望如何变化。
4.人类为什么变得长寿。
十一、环境类
1.如何改进地区公园或国家公园。
2.动物做宠物还是野生动物。
3.是否应该关闭动物园。
4.小轿车是否利大于弊。
5.吸烟是否应该非法化。
6.一个国家和城市的环境保护是应该由个人，团体(公司)和政府来共同承担。
十二、个人看法类
1.拥有土地后如何运用。
2.喜欢亲自动手还是喜欢机器。
3.对独处还是和朋友相处的看法。
4.玩游戏是否一定要赢。
5.安乐死是否会合法化。
6.游客是否应当遵从当地风俗习惯。
7.堕胎应该提倡还是认为是非人道。
8.对现在工作压力大但是闲暇时间非常少有什么看法。
9.名人是否因隐私付出代价及是否应该拥有此权
10.工作需要的转变和自身适应。
雅思写作高分四大障碍
障碍一：轻视小作文。
由于小作文占作文分数的三分之一，大作文占三分之二(part2 carries more weight than part one)，很多学生都高度重视大作文，却忽视了小作文的重要性。有些同学平时几乎很少练习小作文(即图表作文)，在考场上20分钟内往往写不完，结果挤占了大作文的写作时间。
障碍二：过于依赖作文模板。
小编发现，照搬模板的同学写作分数基本上都在5-5.5分之间，从没上过6分。也有一些学生分数上6的，他们的共同特点是没用模板，自己写，。所以如果希望分数在6分以上的话，最好远离模板，自己原创。
障碍三：未写完或偏题。
一些学生由于考试的时候没有控制好时间，作文没有写完就交卷了。这主要体现在两个方面：
第一、字数明显不够。
第二、没有完整的结尾段。
还有一些学生写着写着，一不小心就偏题，甚至跑题。因此要想取得保底的5分，首先要确保按时写完，而且不能偏题或跑题。
障碍四：思路窄，论证不够充分。
思路窄是很多学生写作时的常见问题。由于现在雅思考生呈现出低龄化现象，这部分考生人生阅历浅，对各种社会问题缺乏认识。在考试中，他们普遍面临对问题本身没有太多了解，甚至用中文都感觉无话可说。另一方面，有些同学光有分论点，却没有能够对论点进行有效的论证。这些都导致其作文分数不高。同学们在备考雅思写作的时候，应该注意拓宽思路，多关注新闻和各类社会问题，多积累论点和论据。
雅思写作如何保持连贯性和一致性
连贯性(coherence)
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系;反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。
1)意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A.按时间先后排列(chronological arrangement)
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours ----- it must have been close to noon ---- the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was four o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从“rose”(起床)写起，然后是吃早餐(“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”)，然后是“close to noon”，一直写到这一天结束(“By nine--”)。
B.按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如：From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处(“from a distance”)写起，然后“get closer”，再到(“ ten feet away”)，最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C.按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement)
a.按重要性顺序排列(arrangement insgroupsof importance)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A ---- the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that “sanguine” and “sanguinary” mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个“perhaps”加以例证。
c.由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2)形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies --- in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语(transitional words or phrases)，另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his.本段1有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流畅(smoothness)有益，而且对于学生在规定时间内写足所要求的字数也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了.我们看下面一个例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的“it”之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语.这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
有损连贯性的几种情况：
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：
1)不必要的改变时态，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2)不必要的改变单复数，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3)不必要的改变人称，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
雅思写作
雅思写作题型训练：三大典型题目
1.Discuss 类
(1)讨论利弊(ad. & disad.)
(2)讨论两方观点(some… while/however/but others…)
? Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to hard work when they are you. Do you think it is a positive or negative development? 4/2
? Some people believe that the use of animals for experimentation purpose is cruel; others believe that it is necessary for the development of science. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. p. 36,Q7
2. Agree or disagree类
? Individuals can do nothing to improve environment. Only governments and large companies can bring some differences. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
3. Reasons (Result)and proposals:
In many countries more and more young people are leaving school but unable to find jobs. What problems do you think youth unemployment causes for individuals and the society? What measures should be taken to reduce the level of unemployment among youngsters?
雅思大作文:people keep a balance in work and the part of time
雅思大作文题目：Many people aim at trying to keep a balance in work and the part of time. What the problems in trying it. How to overcome it.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
作文范文：
Coming with the modernization in major metropolises around the world, the life for young generation has been attached huge importance by the public, since the difficulty of how to balance life and work is increasingly significant.
It is common to see that the time of keeping the light on is extended in many business skyscrapers, and the overtime work has become the routine of young people’s night life replacing hanging out with friends or lying on the couch to enjoy personal life. However, when considering the enormous amount of work, they have to sacrifice free time and give up the rest to guarantee that all things can be done on time, due to the huge pressure of earning money to support their life and the desire of promotion in the career, which are essential for pursuing a better life and showing the determination of providing individual value. Gradually, whether the ambitions can be achieved or not, the side effect that the health for such generation is affected negatively along the ignorance of relaxation would not be covered during their aging.
Figuring out the solution of the dilemma mentioned above cannot wait anymore. Initially, the attitude towards what should be the top concern in the life needs to be switched, which means that workers must understand that fame and wealth are not the only evidence to prove oneself, while the inner happiness and satisfaction from the maintenance of the interpersonal relationships can be more meaningful. In terms of health condition, spending regular time on outdoor exercise and body check would be effective approach to monitor and prevent any serious diseases; besides the policy of holiday in the company should be implemented strictly under the supervision of authorities, which can supply the opportunity to ensure that employees have enough leisure time.
In conclusion, there are many problems in front of the balanced life and work, but what can be done relies on the cooperation among different group, which is worth the endeavor from the whole society.
雅思大作文：parents give their children everything that their children ask for
雅思大作文题目：Some parents give their children everything that their children ask for or they want to do. Is this good for children? What could be consequences for these children when they grow up?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
作文范文：
Raising a child is the life goal for most newly-weds; following is the real challenge how they can provide an appropriate way of education, which has been a fierce discussion around the society.
It is undeniable that the good wish of all the parents is to devote everything they have to guarantee that the youth can live in plenty, ranging from emotion and finance. The love and capital invested indeed are the necessity to be the sufficient support the children to be mature and grow up in a caring environment, and it is also regarded as much a factor as could they learn how to love. However, the fact is that the extent of care is hard to control in most families where the younger generation are spoiled or manipulated; driven by the motivation, the parental love, gradually, becomes the excessive permission to satisfy whatever children want; as a result, under such circumstance, the spoiled offspring are the “little emperor ” at home, cultivating some impolite behavior, especially lacking the respect of the elders.
Unfortunately, the negative impact can be enlarged when they growing. The most significant is that this group of spoiled children who lose the sense of responsibility and moral regulation tend to commit more crimes, because of the low tolerance of criticism or different opinions; or on the contrary, another feature of well-loved children is the ignorance of the outside world, and they believe that everything comes naturally, so that they cannot understand the tears and sweat behind the satisfaction of material, or look after themselves without the surrounding of the family members, not even mentioning to live independently.
In conclusion, although the love for the babies is the most valuable and beautiful thing for everyone, which can be totally acceptable, parents need to have a long-distance sight to notice the development of characters while providing a favorable environment.
雅思大作文：it is important for all children to learn history
雅思大作文题目：Some people think it is important for all children to learn history in school. Others believe that other subjects are more relevant to children’s lives today. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
作文范文：
In the contemporary society, the public’s sight focus on the future development, while history has been a mystery area which people can find only in the museum; as a result, there is a suggestion that all the schoolchildren should learn history as a compulsory course, but the influence brought by other subjects cannot be ignored.
Undeniably, although it seems that history is far from people’s life, especially for the young generation who have limited understanding of the meaning of history, it helps us identify who we are and where we are from, which is regarded as the root in many traditional cultures. Besides, history always contains a variety of knowledge, ranging from literature to science; as long as the children start and have access to history, they could gain the sense of appreciating the wisdom of the ancestors and cultivate the interest in certain academic fields, benefiting for the future development.
On the other hand, shaping these offspring to be the talents for a country cannot only rely on the humane study; science and other practical skills would be more effective to explore their potential and train the critical thinking. By taking the personality into consideration among such generation, it is acceptable that the significance of current curriculum is to connect the content with the reality, since the advent of high technology plays an influential role, and to work in the relative industries would be the prime option while making decision of career.
In conclusion, the advantages of these two kinds of subjects are not overwhelming, which means that the combination of all the development could create the most efficient blue print in educating the descendants to be outstanding in both academic performance and personal identity.
1. 教育应该包括哪些内容?
母题：It is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. What should education consist of to fulfil both these functions? (050312
提示：本题围绕教育的两大功能来展开(个人与社会)，准备好这篇文章，即可应付教育类话题中的最大分支—教育的功能，做到以不变应万变。
对于社会角度，可以从促进经济发展、增加社会流动性(social mobility)、维护社会稳定这几个方面来展开，对于个人，可以写改变思维模式、有利于就业和便利生活来写。
子题：大学应当教授理论知识还是实践技能?
大学的是应当把学生培养成合格的公民还是让他们自己得益?
准备未来职业最好的方法是上大学还是尽快离校积累工作经验?
大学要不要扩招?
中学阶段应当提供通才教育还是专才教育?
要不要延长义务教育年限?
要不要让农村地区的学生更容易上学?
老师要教学生如何判断是非吗?
2. 学校的科目谁来选择?
母题：Some people think that the government should decide which subjects students should study at the university, while others think that students should be allowed to apply for the subject they prefer. Discuss the two views and give your opinion. (060916)
提示：这类题目采取的策略就是“双批判”，因为题目中提供的两种选择往往都是错误的。
子题1：政府选课or 老师选课?学生选择所有的科目or根据兴趣自行选择?
子题2：只有学术科目重要，体育和音乐这样的课不重要，你同意吗?
要不要学国际新闻?要不要学历史?
要不要中学阶段就学习外语?
要不要学数学哲学这类的科目?
提示：子题2与母题联系不大，需要准备这些科目各自的优点。
3. 什么样的教学方式最好?
母题：Many people use distance-learning programmes (study material post, TV, Internet, etc.) to study at home, but some people think that it cannot bring the benefit as much as
attending college or university. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (041113, 081023, 100515)
提示：远程教育最大的好处，就在于三个any：anybody, anywhere, any time. 缺点是缺乏师生之间以及学生之间的interaction, 缺乏教师的moral guidance, 因为没有体育课且久坐电脑前，会引发健康问题。
子题：私立学校好不好?
留学好不好?
要不要分快慢班?
小组学习还是单独学习好?
4. 谁来为学费买单?
母题：Some people believe that university students should pay all the cost of studies because university education only benefit the students themselves not the society as a whole. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (100731)
提示：这些话题都有一个共同的特征：高等教育只对学生自己有好处，因此学生应当自行为高等教育买单。这类题目的写法非常有规律，先驳斥这种理由，再交代学生自己支付学费的后果就可以了。
子题：政府要为学生买单吗?(缺点是给政府带来经济负担，这类话题写法和其它政府类话题一样)
5. 孩子们要不要参加社会实践?
母题：Some school leavers travel or work for a period of time instead of going directly to university.What are the advantages and disadvantages? (030308, 050514, 090926)
提示：gap year好处就是各种能力的锻炼，缺点就是容易受到社会恶习的影响，误入歧途。
子题：要不要参加无偿社会劳动?
要不要毕业去农村锻炼?
要不要从小远离父母居住?
