下面是小编整理的5步走搞定雅思阅读完成句子题型(共含5篇），欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴，欢迎大家分享。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“拜金小姐”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
这里文章标题的关键词是timekeeping，假设考生不认识这个单词，而这个单词很明显又是文章的关键、核心，那怎么办?考生这个时候千万不要慌，既然是核心单词，一定会在文章中反复出现说明，既然如此就会有同义替换。很明显题目下面的小标题就提到了“time”和“measure”两个单词，就知道是时间测量方法或者大概推断是计时器的意思。
如果并不是文章标题就出现或者并没有小标题进行直接解释说明，那么这时候考生就要到文章当中去寻找关键词、关键信息来帮助解答。如果不是文章的核心词汇，那么考生一般可以通过上下文比较紧密的句子中去寻找。要相信考官是不会为难你的。
雅思阅读T/F/NG如何判断
雅思阅读有一类比较特殊的不同于其他考试的题型，那就是判断题。除了T/F或者Y/N之外还有一个选项NG，not given. 顾名思义就是题目中的内容是原文中没有提到的信息。然而很多考生对于NG无从下手，总是选错，不是把应该对的或者错的选成了NG，就是把应该NG的选成肯定对或错，导致这部分失分最为严重。
其实针对于这一问题，有一个专门的解题思路，就是用英文思维来解英文阅读题。什么意思?很多考生习惯性地用中文解题思路。常规做法，先把英文翻译成中文，然后把题目翻译成中文进行对照，最后选出答案。这样很容易选错的原因就是，在这个过程中考生会加入自己的逻辑推理，即加入一些本来文章中没有提到的信息。所以总的来说，解题策略就是：解构法+同义替换识别+逻辑关系判断。
我们来举一个具体的例子。
原题：In future, people will pay less for the leisure facilities they use than they do today.
原文：And the future? It is anticipated that, in the years to come, leisure spending will account for between a third to a half of all household spending, whilst it is difficult to give exact figures, the leisure industry will certainly experience a long period of sustained growth.
解构法，就是把句子进行分析，找出主谓宾。同义替换就是要找到表示相同意思的不同单词。逻辑关系一般指大小，先后等等。
原题中，A：People pay for leisure - future. B: People pay for leisure - today，A和B的关系是less. 原文中A：People pay for leisure - future. B部分缺失。所以答案就是NG。
又如：
原题: Someone is lying if he smiles at the same time he is receiving a gift.
原文：If someone says “I love it!” when receiving a gift and then smile, he is telling the truth.
Someone对应someone，smiles at the same time he is receiving a gift对应“I love it!” when receiving a gift and then smile，lying对应telling the truth. 这就是同义替换识别，然后进行逻辑关系判断，得到答案是True.
考生们可以举一反三，自己多多练习，来掌握“解构法+同义替换识别+逻辑关系判断”这一解题思路，相信在雅思阅读的考场上，对于T/F/NG这类题可以得心应手。
1. 详细阅读答题指引，获取必要的答题信息。
2. 参考例句，确定答题形式。
3. 利用语法知识确定句子缺失部分。
4. 仔细查看所给句子的含义，并找出关键词语。
5 利用所给部分的.关键词语在文章中找出相关句子。
6. 在文章中的相关句子里，选取缺失部分。
如果完成句子题型是以多重选择的形式出现，那么则要将选择答案部分列为问句的一部分，从中选取所需的关键词语，逐个与文章中相关句子进行匹配
以上就是关于雅思阅读完成句子题型答题方法和答题步骤的全部内容，非常详细清晰。雅思阅读完成句子题型出现的次数不是很多，但是还是需要大家格外的用心，才能真正掌握。最后，雅思预祝大家在雅思考试中取得好成绩！
雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧--Sentence completion(完成句子)
Sentence completion(完成句子)
1. 题型要求
每个题目都是一个陈述句，但留有一个或两个空格，要求根据原文填空。目前考试中，绝大部分都是一个空格，而且在句子的结尾。
例如：The international community has begun to demand——
绝大部分的题目要求中有字数限制，一般有如下几种表达方式：(1) NO MORE THAN TWO/THREE/FOUR WORDS (不超过2/3/4个字);(2)ONE OR TWO WORDS (一个或两个字);(3)USE A MAXIMUM OF TWO WORDS(最多两个字)。有字数限制的，一定要严格按照要求去做，必须满足要求。
少部分的题目要求中没有字数限制，这时，请注意，答案字数也不会很长，一般不会超过四个字。
考试中，A类一般是每次必考，考一组，共三题左右。G类一般是两次考一次，考一组，共三题左右。
2. 解题步骤
(1) 找出题目中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。
将题目中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，这必将大大加快解题速度，并提高准确率。但也并非每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。
(2) 从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其它关键词确定正确答案。
确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。所以，需要从头到尾仔细阅读该段落，找出题目中的关键词的对应词。仔细阅读对应词所在句子，确定正确答案。
(3) 要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。
NOTICE
1. 所填答案必须符合语法。同样有语法要求的题型是摘要填空(SUMMARY)，而短问答则不太要求语法。
2. 绝大部分的答案来自原文原词。大部分的答案来自原文原词，而且是原文中连续的几个词。
3. 答案字数不会很长。
绝大部分的题目要求中有字数限制，这时必须满足要求。即使题目要求中没有字数限制，答案字数也不会很长，一般不会超过四个字。如果发现找到的答案字数很多，应首先怀疑自己找错答案的位置。
原文：In addition to basic residence fees, most universities make minor additional charges for items such as registration fees,damage deposits,and power charges.
题目：As well as the basic college residence fees, additional charges and usually made, but are describes as......
有的同学可能会答registration fees, damage deposits,and power charges.因为字数太多，所以应首先怀疑是错误的。正确答案应为Minor。即附加费用被描述为是少量的、微不足道的。
4. 答案绝大部分是名词短语。所填答案绝大部分是名词短语，对应原文相应句子的宾语。也有少数题目的答案是形容词短语或副词短语。
5. 要特别注意顺序性。
由于这种题型定位比较难，所以要特别注意顺序性的运用。一道题若找了很长时间、很多段落也没有找到答案，可能是因为题目中的关键词和原文中的相应词对应不明显，答案位置已经过去。可以先做下一道题。
这种题型比较难，所以通常出现为一篇文章的第二种或第三种题型。它与前面的题型也构成顺序性，即这种题型第一题的答案位置绝大部分应在前一种题型的最后一题的答案位置之后。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-儿童数学教育
A
It has been pointed out that learning mathematics and science is not so much learning facts as learning ways of thinking. It has also been emphasized that in order to learn science, people often have to change the way they think in ordinary situations. For example, in order to understand even simple concepts such as heat and temperature, ways of thinking of temperature as a measure of heat must be abandoned and a distinction between 'temperature' and 'heat' must be learned. These changes in ways of thinking are often referred to as conceptual changes. But how do conceptual changes happen? How do young people change their ways of thinking as they develop and as they learn in school?
B
Traditional instruction based on telling students how modem scientists think does not seem to be very successful. Students may learn the definitions, the formulae, the terminology, and yet still maintain their previous conceptions. This difficulty has been illustrated many times, for example, when instructed students are interviewed about heat and temperature. It is often identified by teachers as a difficulty in applying the concepts learned in the classroom; students may be able to repeat a formula but fail to use the concept represented by the formula when they explain observed events.
C
The psychologist Piaget suggested an interesting hypothesis relating to the process of cognitive change in children. Cognitive change was expected to result from the pupils' own intellectual activity. When confronted with a result that challenges their thinking—that is, when faced with conflict—pupils realize that they need to think again about their own ways of solving problems, regardless of whether the problem is one in mathematics or in science. He hypothesized that conflict brings about disequilibrium, and then triggers equilibration processes that ultimately produce cognitive change. For this reason, according to Piaget and his colleagues, in order for pupils to progress in their thinking they need to be actively engaged in solving problems that will challenge their current mode of reasoning. However, Piaget also pointed out that young children do not always discard their ideas in the face of contradictory evidence. They may actually discard the evidence and keep their theory.
D
Piaget's hypothesis about how cognitive change occurs was later translated into an educational approach which is now termed 'discovery learning'. Discovery learning initially took what is now considered the: 'lone learner' route. The role of the teacher was to select situations that challenged the pupils' reasoning; and the pupils' peers had no real role in this process. However, it was subsequently proposed that interpersonal conflict, especially with peers, might play an important role in promoting cognitive change. This hypothesis, originally advanced by Perret-Clermont and Doise and Mugny, has been investigated in many recent studies of science teaching and learning.
E
Christine Howe and her colleagues, for example, have compared children's progress in understanding several types of science concepts when they are given the opportunity to observe relevant events. In one study, Howe compared the progress of 8 to 12-year-old children in understanding what influences motion down a slope. In order to ascertain the role of conflict in group work, they created two kinds of groups according to a pre-test: one in which the children had dissimilar views, and a second in which the children had similar views. They found support for the idea that children in the groups with dissimilar views progressed more after their training sessions than those who had been placed in groups with similar views. However, they found no evidence to support the idea that the children worked out their new conceptions during their group discussions, because progress was not actually observed in a post-test immediately after the sessions of group work, but rather in a second test given around four weeks after the group work.
F
In another study, Howe set out to investigate whether the progress obtained through pair work could be a function of the exchange of ideas. They investigated the progress made by 12-15-year-old pupils in understanding the path of falling objects, a topic that usually involves conceptual difficulties. In order to create pairs of pupils with varying levels of dissimilarity in their initial conceptions, the pupils' predictions and explanations of the path of falling objects were assessed before they were engaged in pair work. The work sessions involved solving computer-presented problems, again about predicting and explaining the paths of falling objects. A post-test, given to individuals, assessed the progress made by pupils in their conceptions of what influenced the path of falling objects.
Questions 28-30
Choose THREE letters, A-F.
The list below contains some possible statements about learning
Which THREE of these statements are attributed to Piaget by the writer of the passage?
A Teachers play a big role in learning by explaining difficult concepts.
B Mental challenge is a stimulus to learning.
C Teaching should be consistent in order to easily acquire knowledge.
D Children sometimes ignore evidence that conflicts with their original believes.
E Children can help each other make cognitive progress.
F Cognitive progress is mainly relied on children's own intellectual activity.
Questions 31-33
Choose THREE letters, A-F.
Which THREE of these statements describe Howe's experiment with 8-12-year-olds children?
A The difference of learning progress between groups was obvious.
B The most active children made the least progress.
C The children were evaluated on their abilities to understand a physics phenomenon.
D The teacher aided the children to understand a scientific problem.
E A total of three tests were given to the children.
F All the children were working in mixed-ability groups.
Questions 34-37
Do the following statements agree with the hypothesis of the psychologist Piaget?
In boxes 34-37 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
34 facing incompatible problems in different disciplines, students may be required to rethink their approach to solve the problem
35 Pupils learn new solutions by keep questioning their original ways of thinking.
36 With clear instructions, students could acquire new concepts with few problems.
37 Young children are less likely to change their concepts in problems of science than in mathematics.
Questions 38-40
Choose the correct letter. A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.
38 The Tone learner' route is an educational approach which
A is the main approach for discovery learning in many teaching now
B requires help from the pupils' peers.
C relies on how the teacher guides the students heavily.
D missed an important part for discovery learning.
39 it can be inferred from the passage as experiment in paragraph E
A that children acquire more when learning in groups.
B That children opposing each other would learn slower.
C Researches should check feedback right after the first test.
D There can be a satisfying result thanks to the duration of it.
40 Howe set out the pair work experiment in order to
A study how 12-15-years old pupils learn scientific concepts.
B assess whether teammates would have the features of exchange ideas.
C investigate pupils the ability of solving physics problems.
D predict and explain the path of falling objects.
文章题目：
Children’s acquiring the principles of mathematics and science
篇章结构
体裁
议论文
题目
儿童对于数学与科学原则的习得
结构
（一句话概括每段大意）
A段：儿童思维方式（认知）转变
B段：传统教学难以促进儿童的转变
C段：皮亚杰认为智力活动会导致认知改变
D段：皮亚杰的理论发展成“发现式学习”
E段：实验表明不同意见组比相同意见组进步多
F段：实验两人合作交换意见是否有助于取得进步
试题分析：
题目类型：
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
28-30
Piaget
段落C
A选项：教师通过解释难的概念在学习中扮演重要角色。原文没提到。
B选项：智力挑战促进学习。段落C倒数第三句。
C选项：为了容易获得知识，教学必须一致。原文没提到。
D 选项：儿童有时会忽略与其原始理念违背的证据。段落C倒数两句。
E选项：儿童可以相互帮助达成认知进步。原文没提到
F选项：认知进步主要依赖于儿童自我的智力活动。段落C第二句。
31-33
Howe 8-12
段落E
A选项：两组学习进步的差别很明显。E段落倒数第二句。
B选项：最积极的学生进步最少。原文没提到
C选项：儿童被评估理解物理现象的能力。E段第二句理解斜坡上的移动。
D选项：教师辅助学生理解科学问题。有问题，原文没提到。
E选项：总共三个测试给到学生。原文没提到
F选项：所有的儿童在有各种能力层次的组中学习。原文没提到
34
Facing problem
段落C第三句
面对不同原则下的不同问题，学生可能要重新考虑解决问题的方法。对应段落C第三句，当面临挑战他们想法的结果，即面对冲突时，学生必须意识到他们需要重新思考解决问题的方法。因此答案为true.
35
Questioning original way
段落C第三句
学生通过质疑原始的思维方式习得新的解决方案。同上。因此答案为true.
36
Clear instruction
有着清晰的指导，学生在习得新概念时问题更少。有问题，原文没提到，答案应该是not given.
37
Challenge concepts
段落C第三句
相比数学，学生在面对科学问题的时候更不可能改变其观念。regardless of whether…science,不管是数学还是科学，所以比较错误。答案应该是false.
38
Lone learner
段落D第二句
第二句开始介绍lone learner. 讲到发现式学习最初采用现在被认为是“单独学习者”的方法。在这种情况下，老师在没有学生同伴时，挑战学生的理解。
A选项：是现在许多发现式教学的主要方法。没有大的问题，故比较下来选A。
B选项：需要来自于同伴的帮助。矛盾，故不选。
C选项：十分依赖于老师指导学生的程度。没提到，故不选。
D选项：遗漏了发现式学习很重要的一步。矛盾，故不选。
39
段落E中实验
段落E
段落E讲了比较两组学生的进步情况，一组为争议大，一组为无争议，得出争议大的组进步大这一结论。但是因为并没有在实验后马上检验，没有证据支持。
A选项：组团学习的儿童获得更多知识。两组都有组团，故不选。
B选项：相互反对的儿童学得更慢。矛盾，故不选。
C选项：研究者应该在第一次实验结束后马上检测反馈。对
D选项：由于实验的持续性，应该有一个满意的结果产生。没提到，故不选。
40
Pair work experiment
段落F第一句
通过研究12-15岁学生理解物体降落的进步，调查通过通过交换意见是否有助于取得进步。实验前，先做了评估，再去检测进步。
A选项：研究12-15岁学生学习科学概念。研究内容而不是目的，故不选。
B选项：研究队员是否有交换想法的特点。
C选项：研究学生解决物理问题的能力。研究内容而不是目的，故不选。
D选项：预测和解释下降物体的途径。研究内容而不是目的，故不选。
参考译文：
(儿童)数学与科学的学习原理
A
已经有研究指出，学习数学和科学不像学习思考一样那么直观：也有人强调，学习科学知识的时候，人们往往不得不改变他们在普通的情况下的思维方式。(1题)例如，为了理解如热量和温度这样简单的科学概念，温度作为热量的衡量单位的思維方式必须被抛弃，‘温度’和‘热’之间的区别也必须学习。这些思维方式的变化通常被称为概念上的变化。但概念上的变化是怎么发生的呢?在青年人发展脑部和在校学习的时候，他们是如何改变思考方式的呢?
B
以传统的教学方法告诉学生现代科学家的思考方式似乎并不很成功。(2题)学生可以学习定义、公式和术语，但仍然维持其先前的概念。这个困境已经被说明很多次。例如，当被告知关于热能和温度后的学生受访时，教师往往发现同学在课堂上应用科学概念是会出现困难的。(10题)学生可以重复使用公式，但他们在使用公式背后的概念来解释观察到的现象时就不是很成功。
C
心理学家Piaget提出了一个在儿童认知转变的过程中的有趣的假设。认知转变被认为是自身智力行为的结果。当学生面临着一个挑战自己的想法的结果时，也就是说发生思想冲突的时候。不论这个是数学还是科学上的问题，学生就会发现他们需要重新思考他们解决问题的方法。(35题)他假设，冲突带来了不平衡，并触发了一个平衡过程，这也最终产生了认知转变。(3题)出于这个原因,Piaget和他的同事们认为学生为了让他们的思想进步，他们需要积极参与解决问题，挑战他们目前的推理模式。(9题)然而，Piaget还指出，在面对矛盾的证据时，年轻的孩子并不容易放弃自己的想法。实际上，他们还可能会放弃证据，并保持他们本来的理论。
D
Piaget的对于认知转变的假说后来被转化成现在被称为“发现学习”的教育方法。最初“发现学习”走了一条现在被称为“孤独学习”的道路。(4题)教师负责设定情况以挑战学生的推理能力，而其他同学是没有任何实质的角色的。然而，很多人随后提出人与人之间的冲击，尤其是同龄的人，可以对认知转变发挥到重要的作用。(39题)这一假说由Perret-Clermont(1980)和Doise与Mugny(1984)作了进一步研究，而这假说也被很多目前的科学教育所采用。
E
Christine Howe 和她的同事给予了小孩观察一些关于几个科学概念的事件时，对比了小孩们的认知进度。其中一个研究中，Howe在一群8到12岁的儿童理解什么因素影响山坡运动的进度时进行了对比。(5题)为了确定小组内会存在冲击,他们根据预测把小孩分成了两组：其中一组的孩子有不同的意见，另一组则抱有差不多的观点。Howe发现了支持他们观点的证据。(6题)组中儿童的不同看法使他们的培训课程比那个看法相似的组别更有效果。然而，Howe未能发现任何证据来支持孩子们是在课堂辩论中学到新的概念，这是因为后来的测试未有在第一时间进行，而是在小组讨论后的四个星期。(40题)
F
在另一项研究中,Howe着手调查两个人一起学习是否能够借交换意见来推进学习进度。(7题)他们调查了 12-15岁的学生在理解物体坠落的路径的过程。这个主题在概念上很容易出现认知困难，为了把学生分成一对一对在概念的程度上相异，Howe在学生分组前为学生的预测和解释物体坠落的路径进行了评估。学生的学习课程中需要解答在电脑上展示的难题，这也一样需要预测和解释物体坠落的路径。最后，学生会单独进行一个课后测试，评估他们对于什么影响到物体坠落的路径的概念上的进展。
参考答案：
Version 17104 主题 儿童数学教育
28
B
29
D
30
F
31
A
32
C
33
D
34
True
35
True
36
False
37
Not Given
38
D
39
C
40
B
(1) 找出题目中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。
将题目中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，这必将大大加快解题速度，并提高准确率。但也并非每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。
(2) 从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其它关键词确定正确答案。
确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。所以，需要从头到尾仔细阅读该段落，找出题目中的关键词的对应词。仔细阅读对应词所在句子，确定正确答案。
(3) 要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。
句子完成题注意事项
1. 所填答案必须符合语法。同样有语法要求的题型是摘要填空(SUMMARY)，而短问答则不太要求语法。
2. 绝大部分的答案来自原文原词。大部分的答案来自原文原词，而且是原文中连续的几个词。
3. 答案字数不会很长。
绝大部分的题目要求中有字数限制，这时必须满足要求。即使题目要求中没有字数限制，答案字数也不会很长，一般不会超过四个字。如果发现找到的答案字数很多，应首先怀疑自己找错答案的位置。
原文：In addition to basic residence fees, most universities make minor additional charges for items such as registration fees,damage deposits,and power charges.
题目：As well as the basic college residence fees, additional charges and usually made, but are describes as......
有的同学可能会答registration fees, damage deposits,and power charges.因为字数太多，所以应首先怀疑是错误的。正确答案应为Minor。即附加费用被描述为是少量的、微不足道的。
4. 答案绝大部分是名词短语。所填答案绝大部分是名词短语，对应原文相应句子的宾语。也有少数题目的答案是形容词短语或副词短语。
5. 要特别注意顺序性。
由于这种题型定位比较难，所以要特别注意顺序性的运用。一道题若找了很长时间、很多段落也没有找到答案，可能是因为题目中的关键词和原文中的相应词对应不明显，答案位置已经过去。可以先做下一道题。
这种题型比较难，所以通常出现为一篇文章的第二种或第三种题型。它与前面的题型也构成顺序性，即这种题型第一题的答案位置绝大部分应在前一种题型的最后一题的答案位置之后。
雅思阅读追求速度(speed)与准确度(accuracy)的恰当结合。快而不准或准而太慢都会影响考分。考生在勤奋练习的时候掌握一些阅读技巧将达到事半功倍的效果。快速阅读最关键的是在扫描全文的时候把握每段的主旨，并做出标记，在看完全文后对文章的结构主题有大致的了解。此外，考生以单词为单位看文章，遇生词就停顿等坏习惯都要极力避免。
雅思阅读逻辑关系词的阅读功能
雅思阅读题型多变，考点在文中飘忽不定。但是作为国际化的学术英语考试，自然有其严肃稳定的考查目的和内容，始终会把对英语篇章结构和行文规律的理解作为阅读的一项基本要求重点考查。因此加强这方面的学习研究是从根本上提高应试能力的途径。本文仅从英语行文结构中逻辑关系词的作用及其阅读功能这一具体方面作初步探讨。
关于逻辑关系词在阅读中的作用，我们首先来看一段文字：
the discourse markers signal relationships: between different parts of the discourse … the main reason for studying them is their usefulness in helping the reader to work out the meaning of difficult text. They often show the relationship the writer intends between two parts of the text, so if you can understand one part, the discourse marker is a possible key to the other part. (Christine Nuttall, . Teaching Reading Skills in a Foreign Language, Heinemann)
关于“discourse marker”，P.H.Matthews在其Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics (Oxford University Press) 一书中是这样描述的：Any of a variety of units whose function is within a larger discourse rather than an individual sentence or clause: e.g. but then in But then he might be late. “discourse marker”虽然范围更加广泛一些，但从以上文字不难看出，它包括了我们所熟悉的逻辑关系词(即文章中用于表示并列，转折，举例，因果，递进，让步，总结等逻辑关系的固定单词或词组)。也由此可见，特别重视形式逻辑和思维分析的英语行文，在词语之间和句子之间往往会借助各种逻辑关系词清楚表达思维逻辑和语意关系。因此了解和掌握逻辑关系词可以帮助我们把握文章中语意的转换和发展，理解文章重点表达的意思。
具体到雅思阅读，逻辑关系词在解题中体现出两大功能 ：
一、语意推断
语意推断主要是运用于重点题型之一的摘要题(Summary)。具体是指根据空格所在句及前后句的逻辑关系词，分析词语之间，句子之间的语意关系，推断出所缺单词的大致含义。
例如：
1.剑4 / P77 / Q38
Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a particular linguistic feature.
根据while这个表示对比或转折的逻辑关系词，可以判断它前后部分是对比或反义关系。“a wide range of language”指的是语言研究的广泛的各个方面，可以预判空格处应是指具体的方面。
2.剑1 / P20 / Q4-5
The very first fire-lighting methods involved the creation of friction by, for example, rapidly rotating a wooden stick in a round hole.
根据介词“by”和“for example”这个表示举例的逻辑关系词，可以预判第二个空格应是和“creation of friction”(产生摩擦)的具体动作有关的词。
3.剑1 / P20 / Q6
The use of percussion or persistent chipping was also widespread in Europe …
根据表示并列的逻辑关系词or，可以判断它前后部分是并列关系。Chipping是“削，凿”的意思，可以预判空格处应是类似意思的词。
二、定位
根据对历年真题的总结分析，雅思阅读考试的一个重要规律是：题干中的句子之间，词语之间的逻辑关系在原文中一般不变(但表现方式可能会变)。这一规律使得逻辑关系词可以有效地协助题干关键词在原文中定位答案信息源。尤其在摘要题(Summary)中这一方法使用频率很高。
例如：
1.剑5 / P50 / Q30-31
题干：In Britain, moreover, scientists worried that English had neither the technical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas.
原文：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world … (Para.7)
题干中出现的neither…nor…是连接两个否定概念的并列逻辑关系词。原文中对应出现了完全相同的逻辑关系，即first, it lacked …, second it lacked …(表现方式有所变化)。我们可根据这种对应的逻辑关系在原文中快速定位答案信息源。
2.剑5 / P50 / Q33-34
题干：Although English was then overtaken by German, it developed again in the 19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution.
原文：In the following century much of this momentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European language of science. … However, in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary.
题干中出现的两种逻辑关系均在原文中对应出现。一是表示转折关系的although, 对应于原文中的however;二是表示因果关系的as a direct result of 对应于原文中表因果的逻辑关系词as。很显然，这对于题干信息的定位意义重大。
3.剑5 / P70 / Q25-26
题干：To deal with this, Stanley suggests the use of artificial floods in the short term, and increasing the amount of water available through desalination in the longer term.
原文：In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solution would be to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways, in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be used to increase the amount of water available.
题干中出现了表示递进的逻辑关系词in the short term … in the longer term …。快速查读原文，可定位于文中相同的逻辑结构in the immediate future … in the long term …。
另外，对雅思真题文章进行精读训练的同学会发现，除了以上两大功能之外，逻辑关系词在原文中的位置还常常是命题考点最集中的地方。因此学习和掌握逻辑关系词在阅读中的功能和作用，将对提高答题的速度起关键性的作用。同时，能够熟练运用逻辑关系词对于写出条理清楚，层次分明的雅思作文也大有帮助。
附：雅思考试中常见的逻辑关系词
1.表示并列关系
likewise once again/once more in (much) the same way (manner) similarly/similar to vice versa also/as well as not only … but also … both … and … neither … nor … like/just like as/just as equally namely or and
2.表示转折关系
but/yet/whereas however otherwise in contrast (to) conversely though/although nevertheless unlike in spite of despite on the contrary even if/even though
on the one hand …, on the other hand … instead (of) not as … as … rather than even so vary different from differ from
while
3.表示举例
for example/for instance/e.g. such as that is/namely/i.e.
in other words in general/in particular a case in point is especially specifically
4.表示因果关系
as a result as a consequence consequently so/therefore/thus then for this reason hence accordingly because/because of owing to thanks to on account of
since due to …, for as this is why
5.表示递进关系
and then as well as again another also/too in addition (to) additionally additional besides (that) moreover furthermore not only … but also … what’s more
6.表示让步关系
though/although while even though/even if nevertheless in spite of/despite admittedly
7. 表示总结
in a word in brief in short above all all in all on the whole in general to conclude/in conclusion to sum up/to summarize/in summary
雅思阅读多变的同义替换考点解析
(一)词与词的替换
词与词的替换包括同义词和近义词以及前缀的变化，目的就是考查同学们是否有迅速把两个相近的单词意思联系起来的能力，也就是考查快速提取信息的能力。
1. C4T1P1 It has been 1suggested that child 2hold mistaken views about the 3'pure' science that they study at school. 根据'pure'定位到文中第二段第一行Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about 'pure' science， curriculum science. 短短一句话我们可以发现有三组四处同义替换，分别为suggested-shown; hold-harbour; mistaken views-misconceptions; science that they study at school-curriculum science. 因此答案为TRUE。
2. C4T4P1 John S. Raglin believes our current knowledge of athletics is
A. mistaken
B. basic
C. diverse
D. theoretical
解析：根据人名John S. Raglin定位到文中最后一段 'Once you study athletics， you learn that it's a vexingly complex issue，'says John S. Raglin， a sports psychologist at Indiana University.' Core performance is not a simple or mundane thing of higher， faster， longer.......， and our understanding in many cases is fundamental. Fundamental为basic的近义词，意为“基础的，基本的，初步的”。
3. C5T4P3 Some types of bird can be encouraged to breed out of season.
解析：根据名词bird定位到文中第二段第七行For example， some species of birds' breeding can be induced even in the midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially. 题目与原文的句子结构一致，只是替换了个别单词，types换成了species; encouraged换成了induced， 很显然答案为TRUE。
(二)词性的变化
词性的变化是指用同一个单词的不同形式来暗示答案的出处。
1. C5T2P2 _________become active too.
解析：只有三个单词，去掉系动词become和副词too，只能拿active作为考点来去解题，根据句子结构来看，空格处缺少一个主语，同时要注意的是如果是可数名词作主语的话，一般用复数。根据上下文定位到文中的But there was also activity in the temporal lobes at the side of the head and in many other brain areas.很容易把active与activity对应上，用too替换also，句子用there be句型引出，很容易看出答案为temporal lobes。
2. C6T2P2 This is largely due to developments in medicine， but other factors such as improved _____may also play a part.
解析：根据文章的上下文我们可以定位到文中But there may be other contributing factors.Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century， for example， gave today's elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors.很显然improved与improvement是词性转化，空格应该填一个名词，答案为nutrition.
3. C6T3P3 Theory 1： cells less damaged by disease because fewer_____ are emitted.
解析：根据Theory 1定位到文中One possibility relates to the ATP-making machinery's emission of free radicals. 找出词性转化，便得出答案为free radicals。
(三)单词与词组和词组与词组的替换
此替换考查学生对近义词组的转化能力。
1. C5T2P1 There were several reasons for the research into plastics in the nineteenth century， among them the great advances that had been made in the field of _____and the search for alternatives to natural resources like ivory.
解析：根据nineteenth century定位到文中第二段......The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors- immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry，.......其中，in the field of意思等同于in the domain of“在....领域”，因此答案为chemistry。
2. C6T1P3 In recent years， many of them have been obliged to give up their _____ lifestyle， but they continue to depend mainly on _____ for their food and clothes.
解析：根据上下文定位到文中Over the past 40 years， most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory's 18 isolated communities， but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing. 本题的替换很明显也很简单，因为大多数同学都认识abandon， 更知道give up是“放弃”的意思，属于单词与词组的替换，因此第一个空填nomadic， lifestyle“生活方式”与ways替换，depend mainly on与rely heavily on属于词组与词组的替换，意为“依赖......”，答案为nature。
3. C6T4P3 Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognise the difference between bullying and mere______.
解析：根据上下文定位到文中E段最后Work in the playground is important， too. One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting.题中句型为recognise the difference between A and B“区分A与B”， 文中句型为distinguish A from B， 同义，答案为playful fighting。
(四)主动语态和被动语态的转化
1. C5T1P1 As a reward for his hard work， he was granted a _____ by the king.
解析：根据the king定位到文中最后一段The Dictionary， together with his other writing， made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George III to offer him a pension. 被动语态的基本结构：主语+be+动词过去分词+by， 与文中主动语态对应上，答案为pension“养老金，退休金”。
2. C7T1P1 Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because _____ are not used in their navigation system.
解析：根据上下文定位到文中It is technically incorrect to talk about bat 'radar'， since they do not use radio waves. 很显然被动语态的主语在文中为主动语态的宾语，答案为radio waves。
雅思阅读完成句子详细题解
完成句子题型 (sentence completion tasks)
完成句子题型就是先给出句子的一部分，未给出部分在文章中找出，或者给出2-3个答案，由你选择一个。这种题型较难，要花一点时间仔细查看文章中的有关部分。
完成句子题答步骤：
1. 详细阅读答题指引，获取必要的`答题信息。
2. 参考例句，确定答题形式。
3. 利用语法知识确定句子缺失部分。
4. 仔细查看所给句子的含义，并找出关键词语。
5 利用所给部分的关键词语在文章中找出相关句子。
6. 在文章中的相关句子里，选取缺失部分(即答案)。
如果完成句子题型是以多重选择的形式出现，那么则要将选择答案部分列为问句的一部分，从中选取所需的关键词语，逐个与文章中相关句子进行匹配。
★ 计步健走活动方案
★ 雅思作文句子
