以下是小编为大家准备的GRE写作高频题资源解读（共含7篇），仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“麦芽糖_小姚”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
GRE写作高频题资源解读 高频作文其实没那么好用
GRE写作高频作文题为何受欢迎?
很多同学在备考GRE作文的时候，之所以对“高频”情有独钟，实际上思想根源还是希望能减少工作量，说得通俗一点，也就是还是抱有“投机取巧”的心理。这些同学的想法往往是：GRE官方的题库给出的200多道题太多了，看高频可以减低我的工作量(也就是不需要把200多道题目都看完)，如果在考试的时候遇到高频题目，而我正好写过的话，那么分数就是有保证的。或者，至少比写一篇完全没有看过的文章要强。如果我们把这些同学的看法当做一个论证的过程来找找其中的逻辑问题的话，大家就能明白为什么说“高频只是个传说了”。
从GRE作文论证结构角度看高频题作用
在这个论证过程中，同学首先假设了一个前提，就是“写一篇已经写过的文章得到高分的可能性大于写一篇没有写过的文章”。可是，我们考虑一下，如果本身这篇文章从一开始按照这个同学的分析思路，包括写作的语言就存在巨大问题的话，那么，即使是考试的时候照着抄一遍，分数也仍然会是很低的。因此，只有当你的写作思路正确，分析过程正确，语言表达正确这几个条件都满足的时候，对于题目的熟练程度，或者是否写过某个题目的作文，才会影响到最后的分数。当然，我们还同时忽略了考场上的临场状态的变化问题。
而反之，如果一个考生有正确的分析思路和写作思路，有比较好的语言表达能力，那其实考试的时候是否写过某个题目就变得不重要了，因为最终他的能力会很好地解决题目熟悉程度的问题。比如我们所熟悉的高考语文中进行的作文测试，我们实际上是完全不知道考试会出现什么题目的，我们平时练习的时候，也基本上不会考虑考试的时候是否会遇到同样的题目，但是最终，写作能力比较好，思维方式比较正确，知识面比较宽的同学往往会在作文中得到高分。
从这个角度来看，实际上在准备作文的过程中，练习的题目是否是高频并不重要，而重要的是，是否通过练习形成了正确的分析思路，写作思路，并且让语言的表达正确。
GRE写作高频题其实没那么好用
另外，很多人也认为“高频”题目在考试时被抽到的可能性更大，并且还有人会计算题目出现的概率。为了让大家都能看明白，我不会在这里建立一个模型来计算什么题目出现的概率较大，我们只考虑如下的一些问题。首先，ETS在从开放题库中抽取题目给考生的时候，是一种随机的选择方式，那么，每个题目被抽取到的概率是完全一样的。而现在并没有证据表明ETS在抽取题目的时候采用了任何优先级策略，所以我们不能对此作出主观假设。第二，从目前的高频统计方式来看，存在着很大的漏洞。
大家不妨计算一下每天有多少人去参加GRE的作文考试，一年下来又有多少人参加作文考试，其中在网上发布题目的人的比例有多少，而发布出来的题目被统计的又有多少。如果这些数据本身都没有确切值的话，那么统计的样本首先就是存在问题的。而“高频”的出现，很可能是“马太效应”的结果，即在很长一段时间里面，A题目被大多数人关注，于是成为了“高频”的一部分，于是，有人考到了这个题目，在网上发了帖子，那么这个题目的关注度继续上升。而那些“低频”的题目，即使有人发了，也没人去关注，但是很可能在一段时间后，某个“低频”的题目其实出现的频率很高了，但是却依然没有人去关注它。因此，要想得到科学的统计，必须有一个平台，来随时完整统计大多数人在考试中遇到的题目的情况，并且实时更新，才能得到较为准确的数据。
因此，在备考GRE作文的过程中，其实是否准备网络流传的“高频”题目并不重要，而重要的是，无论准备什么题目，都能有正确的思考路径和分析方法，并且能够用正确的语言来表达自己的想法。当系统化的思维方式和准确的语言表达习惯形成的时候，无论什么题目都没有问题。此外，如果希望消除题目熟练度的影响，大量阅读题目，并且写作提纲是必要的，其中也包括对题目的分析和简单的逻辑结构梳理。
以上就是小编为各位考生整理的关于合理对待GRE高频作文介绍，希望考生积极做好备考工作，及时调整好状态，争取在GRE写作考试中取得理想的成绩!
新GRE Issue写作范文透析
Issue
“People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does.”
Sample Essay
Teamwork as a whole can naturally produce an overall greater productivity through the concept of “synergy”, where the total of the whole is greater than the sum of its individual parts. But the idea that people work more productively in teams rather than as individuals is going to vary greatly between the types of teams that are organized, the end reward or motivation for both the team and the individuals, as well as the individuals themselves.
Regarding individuals, some people are born with the desire to succeed, no matter what the situation or task that they are facing. These people may evolve into the classic “Type A” personalities that work ferociously because they are driven by an internal fire that says they must always be doing something, whether individually or as part of a team. Other people may desire to be less socially involved or are very highly competitive with other people. For these people, their work is most productive as individuals, because the very idea of cooperating with other people limits their effectiveness and efficiency because they simply do not want to be a part of the team. Whether this mindset is innate or developed over time does not matter, it is merely the state of their being and neither motivation nor rewards can generate inside them the desire to work collectively as a team.
Some people are highly motivated by social interaction and the desire to work with others towards a collective effort. Obviously these individuals are at their most productive when working as part of a team. Organizational behavioral studies have shown that Asian cultures are much more likely to develop this type of collective behavior as opposed to the more individualistic behavior associated with Western cultures. It could naturally be assumed then that there may be cultural values that can determine whether people are at their most productive individually or as part of a team.
Another variable is the end reward that is involved with the task at hand. Will the rewards be greater if the team works together towards a common goal, or are the rewards more geared toward individual performance? To the extent that the individual is motivated by the end reward, obviously his or her performance inside of a team may be more or less productive with respect to the entire team, depending on how the performance is rewarded. Individual goals may interfere with the group performance. Synergies may not be achieved because the individuals are not working towards a whole “sum” but rather towards an individual reward. Productivity thus will vary for each person as a team member or as an individual depending on the degree to which that person is motivated by an individual or overall team reward.
Finally, the degree of productivity of a person will depend upon the type of team that is organized. Is the group composed of equally contributing individuals? Does the group have an outstanding leader that can motivate both the individuals and the team as a whole? From a pure productivity standpoint, the presence or absence of a charismatic and exceptional leader can make all the difference whether a person would be more productive as a part of a team or as an individual. Personality types that work well together can prove to be much more productive as part of a team than as individuals, and vice versa.
Fundamentally, measures of productivity depend greatly on the individuals themselves. The dilemma facing leaders in all areas of life is how to best assess these individuals to determine how to best harness their capabilities to reach their ultimate productive capabilities. Whether a person is more productive alone or while working in concert with others is one of the great challenges that leaders and managers must face to accomplish tasks effectively and efficiently.
观点陈述型作文/[题目]
“当人们以团队的形式工作时，要比以孤军奋战的形式来得更加富有成效。团队的协同工作需要相互合作，它比个人竞争更能激励人们。”
[范文正文]
总体而言，团队的协同工作自然能通过“增效作用”(Synergy)这一理念而带来更高程度的整体生产效率，因为在这里，整体大于个体相加之总和。然则，当人们以团队的形式工作时，要比以孤军奋战的形式来得更加富有成效“这一观念注定会产生巨大差异，取决于所组织起来的团队的类别，团队与个人所能获得的终极回报或激励，以及个人本身。
关于个人，有些人天生就具有获取成功的欲望，无论他们所面临的情形或任务是什么。这些人会演变为工作狂这一经典的“A类”人格，因为受到一股内心的热火所驱使，这股热火时刻告诉他们必须不停地“有所事事”，无论是作为个人抑或是作为团队的一分子。另一些人则可能希望不必那么多地介入社会，或者他们倾向于与其他人激烈竞争。对这些人而言，作为个人，他们工作起来会最富有成效，因为由于他们根本就不想成为任何团队的一部分，与他人合作便会限制他们的效率。这一思想倾向是否与生俱有，还是随着时间的推移而形成，这都无关紧要。这仅仅只是他们的一种生存状态，无论是动机还是回报，都无法在其内心深处激发起作为一个团队集体工作的欲望。
有些人，由于社会互动以及与他人协作去实现某种集体努力的欲望，而具有极强的动机。显然，这些个人在作为团队的一部分进行工作时，他们便会处在其最富有成效的状态。组织行为学研究表明，亚洲文化更有可能形成此类集体性行为，与那种常和西方文化联系在一起的较为个人主义的行为构成对比。这样，人们自然会认为，某些文化价值观可以决定人们是否作为个人还是作为团队的一部分工作起来最富有成效。
GRE考试写作经典范文：政治和生活
题目：
It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affect all aspects of people's lives.
尽管很不幸，但是这却是真实存在的事实，政治决策和活动影响着人们生活的方方面面。
正文：
Human beings are social animal and therefore highly dependent on political activities.While the word unfortunate is not always applicable in all circumstances, we have to admit that political decisions and activities affect our lives in all aspects.
One should notice and avoid misinterpretation of the term ”all“ in this viewpoint, as it does not equal going to extreme but merely indicates what is going on. Those who misunderstand often argue that their fundamental right to decide when to sleep, what to eat, where to go on their own will has always been left to themselves and has nothing to do with what the president had said or signed. Yet this is not the case at all.The moment when we enjoy our sweet dream while jobless people are picking waste bottles on the street, when we choose cabbage to be our daily recipe only because we can not afford high beef consumption, when we are forced not to travel during the SARS outbreak, political decisions are pulling us around. Personal rights sometimes give way to political decisions no matter voluntarily or unwillingly. Needless to say, political decisions become much more influential when it comes to other issues.Everyday we are directed in an invisible yet powerful way, so powerful that in no aspect of our lives can we evade.
GRE写作评分及常见问题解读
GRE作文包括issue和argument两部分，总分为6分，以下是GRE作文评分的一些标准，希望能给广大GRE考生带来一些帮助。
(1) complexity:事物的两面性(同一事物有优点就有缺点，相比较的事物有各自的优缺点)，从多角度分析事物(分析不同领域中，不同情况下)。论点一边倒的文章论述得再好也只能得5分。
(2) insightful position：在有全面深刻理解的基础上，观点最好新颖独到(对ets来说)，但必须保证能自圆其说。
(3) conveys meaning skillfully:可用于论证的一切技巧(估计老美自己用起来也得费点心思)。比如文章的行文方向，起承转合不用明显的标志词(first, second, however, on the other hand, the second example illustrating my point)，而是依靠论述的内在脉络(只可意会不可言传)自然而然的引到下一块内容。
(4) compelling reasons(reason就已经够令人头疼的了，有加了个compelling)：这是最重要的一个得分点。
(5) persuasive examples：用来支持reason的，使抽象的reason更具体，更易被读者理解，从而产生共鸣，或使其更可信，更有说服力。可用的例子有自己的经历，引言。
(6) well-focused:简单说就是不跑题。中心论点明确，全文不跑题;各段主题句明确，围绕主题句论述。
(7) well-organized：文章采用的论述结构，分几个部分论述，每部分有几段，各部分、各段间的关系是什么。
(8) connecting ideas logically：using transitional phrases起承转合词，过渡句，或有此种作用的句子，总之起到help organize the ideas and move the argument forward。
(9) 跟着感觉走没错。
(10) 不要罗嗦，表达简洁。但如果以上几点做得好，这缺点可以忽略不计。
(11) 基本上挺难，但不影响大局，为避免重复大胆的用你想用的词，阅卷人能理解。
(12) sentence variety：最好长短句结合，ets藐视总用短句的人：Since most of the sentences are short and choppy, the ideas they try to communicate are also choppy.
(13) 还有语法错误等等，小毛病，先把上面的问题解决好在理它吧。
GRE issue写作优秀实例：权威问题
题目：
Much of the information that people assume is 'factual' actually turns out to be inaccurate. Thus, any piece of information referred to as a 'fact' should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future.
大多数人们认为是事实的信息结果实际上都是不准确的。因此，任何据称是事实的信息都应该被质疑，因为它在将来很可能会被证明为是错误的。
正文：
Should we be doubtful to all the information at hands because the rightness of which is uncertain? The speaker claims so, I concede that people often commit various fallacies in the course of cognizing things, however I fundamentally take exception of the arguer's assertion to mistrust every fact we might encounter. And I will substantially discuss my views thereinafter.
To begin with, the speaker seems to implicate that a fact would be proven false in the future under numerous circumstance. Nevertheless I prefer to arguer that facts never change. No matter how did the Medieval Church and Inquisition persecute Bruno, the fact never changes that the earth is far from being the center of the universe as the religious sovereigns had assumed or hoped for, while just a minor particle in it. Equally, no matter how Edison had tried to incite the public fear and distrust to the alternative current electricity, the fact never changes that Teals' electrical system is vastly superior to his direct current electrical one, and would be accepted and applied in larger range.
However, what do change are the human's objective interpretations to facts. One compelling argument to this point is that, due to the limitation of human's knowledge and comprehensive capability, they tend to make insufficient or even false understanding to the certain fact. An apt illustration is the changes of cognition to disease. While at the ancient time, our progenitors believed the a man becoming a patient for the reason that he had conduct crimes or offended some ghosts or spirits,the contemporary people have well know that the varies of pathogens are the basic causes to our diseases, and the defects of our immune system and so forth are also the factors as well. Another argument for the change of comprehension to fact is that different people always observe and interpret from different perspectives. Though the Relativity theory is not well compliable with the Quantum mechanism, no one call the greatness of both Einstein and Bohr, because their theories are based on distinct views, the former from the macrocosm and the later from the microcosm.
Notwithstanding the foregoing reasons for that human tend to make fallacies during the cause of comprehending and cognizing facts, these reasons should never be the excuses to doubt every conclusion we might draw from facts. Based on certain rational inference and proper knowledge fundament, the conclusions we make might well be justifiable, if not completely right, to certain degree. What we need to do is to promote the enterprise of pursuing the better answer and try to use the result we have get to application, instead of wasting our time to undue doubt and suspicion. Though the medical scientists have not fully understood the mechanism of how the does the implanted organ interact with the wounded body, they are not refrain from using the implanting skill to save patients, of course the precondition or which is that this technology is much well established than the fundamental theory.
To sum up, while I advocate the speaker's opinion that it is inevitable for human to comprehend facts inaccurately, for the reason of the limitation of the abilities, I essentially disagree with his assertion that facts will continually alter themselves, as well as his recommendation to discredit any piece of fact. In the final analysis, I would arguer once more that facts never change and although the misunderstanding to them is inevitable, we should not defer ourselves from the pursuit to fully comprehending them.
GRE issue写作优秀实例：思想家
题目：
Most societies do not take their greatest thinkers seriously, even when they claim to admire them.
大多数社会都没把最伟大的思想家当回事，虽然有时候这些社会自称是求才若渴的。
正文：
In this busy, packed and dull world, people’s most important concerning is how to make a living. They work assiduously to make money, to support their family, to purchase houses and cars. Hardly one common individual knows who their greatest thinkers are，not mention to take them seriously. Admittedly, in some cases, people claim that they admire the greatest thinkers; however, they actually know little about what the greatest thinkers’ thoughts are. The fact is, in history of human civilizations,most societies do not take their greatest thinkers seriously, even when the greatest thinkers are seemed to be respected.
Generally, whatever societies the greatest thinkers are in, they have similar characteristics, such as high intelligence, eccentric temperament, wide range of knowledge, and the most essential one: the deeply and often predicted thoughts, which is the product of real wisdom. On one hand, it is the thoughts that distinguish the greatest thinkers from the mass. On the other hand, it is also the thoughts, however correct and predicted, which cause these elites out of the mass’ sights and put them into an embarrassment in which few can understand them and their thoughts. A proper example is the passional German philosopher and poet Nietzche. Nietzche is a pioneer, whose profound exploration in philosophy influenced the descendants deeply. Yet his life is miserable and full of tragedies. Without money and job, Nietzche lived an impoverished life, which along with loneliness defeated him at last: he became insane when 45, and died 10 years later. Until that time, almost no one knew him or his thoughts. Even today, many people including some scholars call him mad philosopher.
In some worse cases, the greatest thinkers are even persecuted by their societies since the greatest thinkers always tend to have skeptical and critical thoughts, which the manipulators fear mostly and manipulated reluctant to accept. The reason is that once the advanced ideas, which are against the old ones, are accepted by mass, the domination or the present social system will in the danger of collapse. And at the same times, most people are reluctant to admit that what they believe in or cherish, however,always prejudice and rigid ideas set in people’s minds beforehand, are not the truth but falsehood or illusions. A case in point is the great astronomer Copernicus, who developed the theory that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun. Although the theory was the most advanced astronomy theory in that time, it hadn’t come out of press until the year before Copernicus’ death because of mass being strongly against it especially the powerful churches, which were afraid that such a theory would shake authority of theology.
In some specific period, for political reasons, thinker and intellectuals as a whole undergo ruthless treatment, such as the Culture Revolution from 1966 to 1976 in China. During those ten years, many great thinkers and intellectuals are forbidden to think and express their thoughts freely. Some of them even encountered physical torture. A crueler example is Qin Dynasty in China years ago. Yingzheng, the first emperor of China, sentenced the thinkers who held different political or social ideas from him to death. Moreover, he buried their writings.
It is the greatest thinkers’ tragedy not to be understood or even be persecuted. It is also the fact that human beings are always shortsighted, sometimes even foolish. Nevertheless, what is truth will never change itself or disappear along with the elapsing of time however strong the falsehood seems to be. Hence, though almost all the greatest thinkers are hermits, some of them may be even the prisoners in their societies; they would gain their perpetual lives through their glaring
解读GRE写作中唯一致命问题
在GRE写作中，对Argument文章结构分析的正确性是Argument成功的基础。如果Argument的文章分析发生错误，将直接影响后续文章中攻击点的正确性，这将导致整篇文章将有颠覆之险。因此，同学们在学习Argument写作这一部分的时候，必须要固定对文章结构的分析方法，来确保自己对文章逻辑结构把控的正确性。
从最笼统的角度来说，任何一个Argument的题目，都是由“客观事实”来推导“主观观点”的过程。其中，由于并非所有客观事实都用于支持结论的产生，因此又需要将“客观事实”分成“背景”和“证据”两个部分;同时，部分题目会出现“主观观点”并非一个的情况，因此就要区分出哪一个主观观点是文章的“最终结论”，而剩下的就是“中间结论”。
整个Argument题库中的每道题，其每一句话基本就是这四个基本元素(背景、证据、中间结论、最终结论)中的一种。而基本的推导方式是，证据推出中间结论，再由中间结论推出最终结论。在题目中可能会出现多个证据，而中间结论则有可能不出现。
一般情况下，对以上四个基本元素的区分，需要划分成以下三个基本步骤来进行：
第一步：区分主观观点与客观事实
区分主观观点和客观事实的目的，就是为了在分析文章的逻辑结构中，先聚焦到全文的结论，这是一篇Argument分析的重中之重。结论没找到，后面所有的事情全都免谈。而一旦找对了全文的结论，那么整篇Argument的逻辑就大体清楚了。在Argument考试中，结论的寻找可以基于以下两个依据：
1) 结论是作者的主观观点，而证据是客观事实信息。
这一定义来自于ETS的官方陈述：“The task consists of a brief passage in which the author makes a case for some course of action or interpretation of events by presenting claims backed by reasons and evidence.”(见3.1)可见，文章的结论必然是作者想要论证的目标，而这个目标必然是作者自己发表的。自然，结论是作者的主观观点。
2) 结论是整篇文章逻辑推导的终点。
同样，这一定义也来自于ETS的官方解释：“conclusion — the end point reached by a line of reasoning, valid if the reasoning is sound; the resulting assertion”。所以，结论一定是文章推导的终点。
在实战中，分析Argument语篇逻辑时，如果先对主观观点和客观事实进行区分，将会对文章的整体推导方向起到有效的指导作用。
例1
The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal.
”A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations (such as an encounter with an unfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings. Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence). The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring.“
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
上题的结论对于不少同学来说有点难找。其实，基于前面所讲的两个原则找结论并不困难：全文中唯一一句主观观点是：“A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation.”。1)由“provides clues”能够看出这就是作者的主观观点;2)整篇文章之后引用的全是实验结果，那么由这些实验结果推导出第一句话，逻辑就很自然。因此第一句话是整篇文章推导的终点。
GRE Argument写作范文一
题目：
”Of the two leading real estate firms in our town---Adams Realty and Fitch Realty---Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams' revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitch's $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams.“
范文：
The author argues that Adams Realty is superior to Fitch Realty. To support this claim the author cites statistics about the number and working hours of agents, and the number and sales prices of homes sold by the two farms. Further, the author cites anecdotal evidence involving personal experience with Fitch and Adams. A careful analysis reveals that this evidence it lends little credible support for argument.
The Claim is partially based on the fact that Adams has more agents than Fitch and that many of Fitch's agents work only part-time. There is no correlation between the number of employees, their working hours and the quality of their work. Without such a link, we could consider the possibility that a smaller firm could be more effective than a larger one and, likewise, that a part-time agent could be more effective than a full-time agent. Besides, the author does not provide any information about the specific number of Adams agents who work part-time.
The claim is also supported by the fact that Adams sold more properties than Fitch last year. One year of sales records is an insufficient sample. It is possible that in most other years Adams could have sold fewer properties than Fitch. Moreover, the disparity in sales volume could be explained by factors other than the comparative quality of the two firms. For example, perhaps Adams serves a denser geographic area or in an area where turnover in home-ownership is higher for reasons unrelated to Adams' effectiveness. It is even possible that the only reason sales volume is higher at Adams is because the company employs more agents but, perhaps, each Adams agent sells fewer homes on average than each Fitch agent does. Without ruling out such alternative explanations for the disparity in sales volume, the author cannot defend the conclusion based on such scant evidence.
Support for the claim is also drawn from the average sales price of homes. This evidence only illustrates that the homes that Adams sells are more valuable on average than the ones that Fitch sells, not that Adams is more effective in selling homes than Fitch. Moreover, it is possible that a few relatively high-priced or low-priced properties skewed these averages, rendering any conclusions about the comparative quality of the two firms based on these averages irrelevant.
The author of the argument indicates that Fitch Realty took a considerably longer time to sell one of the author's homes than it took Adams Realty to sell another one of her homes ten years earlier. However, this disparity can be explained by other plausible factor, for example, changing economic conditions during that ten-year period or a difference in the desirability of the two properties. Without establishing that all other factors affecting the speed of a sale were essentially the same for the two homes, the author should not expect an audience to make a decision on this limited anecdotal evidence.
GRE作文范文 Argument
The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Parkville Daily Newspaper.
嘉文博译Sample Essay
”Throughout the country last year, as more and more children below the age of nine participated in youth-league softball and soccer, over 80,000 of these young players suffered injuries. When interviewed for a recent study, youth-league softball players in several major cities also reported psychological pressure from coaches and parents to win games. Furthermore, education experts say that long practice sessions for these sports take away time that could be used for academic activities. Since the disadvantages apparently outweigh any advantages, we in Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine."
In this argument, the writer claims that more and more children below the age of nine were participating in youth league softball and soccer last year and that more than eighty thousand of those players suffered injuries. The writer also claims that youth league softball players in several major cities reported psychological pressure from coaches and parents to win games when interviewed for a study. Additionally, the writer cites educational experts as saying that long practice sessions for such sports take away time that could be used for academic activities. The writer then comes to the conclusion that the disadvantages outweigh any advantages; therefore the city of Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under the age of nine. This argument is based on problematic reasoning and it should therefore be rejected.
The first problem with this argument is that it does not define what types of injuries the eighty thousand youngsters suffered. Although any injury, no matter how slight, is undesirable, the argument is weakened by not discussing the relative severity of these injuries. This is necessary information when weighing the advantages or disadvantages of youth league sports for children under nine.
Secondly, the writer mentions that youth league softball players in several major cities reported psychological pressure from coaches and parents to win games. The problems with this information are obvious: the study was only for one sport, not all types of athletics; it was only conducted in the major cities, which may or may not be representative of what young athletes throughout the rest of the country would report; and the number of children reporting the psychological pressure as compared to those who did not report it is never mentioned. It is possible that only a few children reported such pressure. Moreover, the term “psychological pressure” is not defined and its meaning is unclear. A study that reports that an unknown number of children feel psychological pressure without defining what that term means, as well as covering only one type of sporting activity and only in the major cities is very weak evidence for discontinuing all athletic activities for children under nine years of age.
Furthermore, the writer mentions that long practice sessions take away time that could be used for academic activities. There is absolutely no evidence presented that Parkville youth league sports have long practice sessions, or that they have any practice sessions at all for that matter. In addition, too much time for academic activities is not healthy for children; they need time to exercise their bodies as well as their minds. Without evidence that long practice sessions are hurting the children’s studies, the argument is further weakened.
Finally, the writer jumps to the conclusion that the disadvantages apparently outweigh the advantages and that Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine. In this argument, the writer only mentions the disadvantages and none of the advantages. No evidence is presented that indicates that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages – some weak and ambiguous information is merely thrown into the argument. Furthermore, the writer ignores other changes that could be made short of discontinuing the program. Solutions such as shortening practice sessions, enforcing mandatory safety equipment rules and emphasizing sportsmanship rather than winning or losing are all ignored by the writer, which greatly weakens the argument.
In summary, the writer has done nothing more than state an opinion with some anecdotal information included that proves nothing. Without providing direct evidence that the children under the age of nine in Parkville are being hurt more than helped by organized athletic competition, the writer’s argument is unconvincing and should be rejected.
(613 words)
参考译文
下述文字摘至一封致《 Parkville日报》某编辑的信函:
“去年在我们整个国家，由于越来越多的9岁以下的孩子参加了青少年联赛的垒球和足球运动，这些年轻球员中有不止80，000多人受伤。在接受某项近期的研究的访谈时，若干大城市中青少年联赛的垒球运动员称，他们承受着来自教练和家长的赢球压力。此外，教育专家称，这些体育运动员所需的漫长训练期耗费了原本可用于学习活动的时间。既然弊明显大于利，我们在Parkille 市就应该停止9岁以下的儿童进行有组织的体育竞赛。”
在上述论述中，信函作者称，越来越多的9岁以下的儿童去年参加了青少年联赛的垒球和足球运动，而在这些运动员中，有80，000多名运动员受过伤。信函作者还宣称，若干个大城市中的青少年联赛垒球运动员在接受某项研究的访谈中说，他们承受着来自教练和家长们的赢球压力。此外，信函作者援引了教育专家的话说，这些体育项目所需的漫长训练期浪费了原本可用于学习活动的时间。这位作者接下来得出结论认为，弊显然大于利，因此Parkville市应该停止9岁以下的儿童进行任何有组织的体育竞赛。上述论述完全基于漏洞百出的逻辑推理，故应予摈弃。
上述论述的第一个问题是，它没有清楚地界定80，000多个小孩子所受的伤属于哪些类型。虽然任何伤痛，无论多么的轻微，均是不可取的，但上述论述由于没能讨论这些伤痛的相对严重程度而受到削弱。有关伤痛类型的信息应是必要的，因为它有助于我们衡量9岁以下孩童从事青少年联赛体育活动的利与弊。
第二，信函作者提到，若干个大城市的青少年联赛的垒球运动员称，他们承受着来自教练和家长们的赢球压力。这一信息所存在的问题是显而易见的：该项研究仅是针对一个体育项目的，而非针对所有类型的体育比赛;它仅仅是在大城市进行的，它或许能够也或许不能够典型地代表全国其他地区青少年运动员的感受;与那些没有说承受着心理压力的孩童相比，承认承受着心理压力的儿童的数量绝未被提到。情况有可能是，仅有很少一些儿童声称承受着这种压力。另外，“心理压力”这一术语未被定义，其含义模糊不清。一份调查研究，如果它仅报告说一些数量不明的孩子感到承受着心理压力，不对相关术语进行定义，仅涵盖一种类型的体育活动，且仅在某几座大城市进行，它只能充当极为微弱的证据，不足以来停止9岁以下儿童所有类别的体育活动。再者，信函作者提到，漫长的训练期会占用原本可用以学习活动的珍贵时间。信函作者绝对没有列举任何证据来证明，Parkville市青少年联赛的体育活动需要漫长的训练期，以及因为那一原因而有任何训练期。此外，太多的时间用在学习上对孩子也是不利于健康的;他们需要有时间来活动他们的身体，而不仅仅是活动他们的大脑。没有拿出证据来证明漫长的训练期正危及孩子们的学业，故该项论述受到进一步的削弱。
最后，信函作者轻率地得出结论，称弊显然大于利，并且Parkville市应该终止9岁以下的儿童进行任何有组织的体育比赛。在此论述中，信函作者仅提及了弊而未提及利。根本没有任何证据可显示弊大于利。我们所看到的仅仅是被塞入到本项论述中的某些缺乏力度和模棱两可的信息。此外，信函作者忽略了除终止体育项目之外所能采取的其他改善措施。像缩短训练周期，执行强制性的安全设备规定，以及强调体育精神而不是单纯的比赛输赢。所有这些解决问题的方法均被信函作者视而不见，由此而严重地削弱了其论据。
归纳而言，信函作者所做的，只是利用某些什么都证明不了的趣事轶闻性质的信息来表达某种个人观点。由于没有提供直接的证据来证明Parkville 市9岁以下的孩童从事有组织的体育竞赛所蒙受的弊是否会大于所得到的利，故信函作者的论述不能令人信服，应予摈弃。
Task1
1.图表类型：四条线的曲线图(line chart)
2.主体段时态： 一般过去时
3.题目要求：结合折线图描述1967~间，英国、瑞典、意大利和葡萄牙这四个国家人均二氧化碳排放量情况。
4.描述重点：
①1967年和20排放量最多的是United Kingdom，分别为约11 metric tonnes和9 metric tonnes。
②United Kingdom和Sweden的排放量总体呈下降趋势;Italy和Portugal的排放量总体呈上升趋势。
Sweden的排放量在1977年达到峰值，约为11 metric tonnes，然后骤降，到年，排放量约为5 metric tonnes。
Task2
Some people say that the only reason for learning a foreign language is in order to travel to or work in a foreign country. Others say that these are not the only reasons why someone should learn a foreign language.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
1.话题和题型分类
文化类;双边讨论题型
2.题目分析
为了出国旅行或者工作的需要学习外语是学习外语的唯一原因 or 人们学习外语有更多的原因
3.思路提示
A. 为了出国旅行或者工作需要是学习一门外语的唯一原因
语言的本质是沟通和交流的工具，如果工具没有使用的目的，的确对于只需要用母语工作和 生活的人而言，的确用处不大要学习好一门语言，需要付出巨大的时间和精力，如果不是因为出国旅行或者工作的硬性需 要，学习外语的时间和精力可以放在更值得的事情上
B. 人们学习外语有更多的原因
语言是文化的载体，世界和社会的发展需要人们了解更多国家的文化，那么学习一门外语是必须的，比如读懂外语类图书、看懂外语类电影等学习一门外语有助于开发大脑对语言的学习能力，对学习母语也是有好处的，尤其是对青少年而言学习一门外语可以让我们接触和了解更多的外国人，对社交和沟通能力也是有好处的
雅思英语词汇积累：亲朋满堂
Grandmother祖母;
Grandma奶奶，外婆;
Grandpa爷爷，外公;
Father-in-law岳父;
Mother-in-law岳母;
Stepfather继父;
Stepmother继母;
Uncle叔父，伯父，舅父，姑父;
Aunt伯母，舅母，姑母;
Nephew侄儿，外甥;
Niece侄女，外甥女;
Cousin堂兄妹，表兄妹
雅思词汇：设施类
设施
facilities设施
divisions/departments系
campus校园
Common Room/House公共休息室
canteen食堂
dining hall食堂
cafeteria自助餐厅
accommodation住宿
dorm/dormitory宿舍
parking lot/area停车场
car park停车场
parking regulations 停车规定
shopping mall购物中心
teaching building 教学楼/教室楼
lecture theatre阶梯教室
Administration/Admin Office管理/行政办公室
laboratory/lab实验室
Student Union 学生会
auditorium会堂，礼堂
lounge, gymnasium/gym体育馆
locker room更衣室
the School of Law法学院
law faculty法律系/学院
New Students Enrolments新生报道处
Recreation Center娱乐室
student union 学生会
society 学生社团
club 学生俱乐部
gre考试写作技巧详细解读
gre写作技巧1 意见是最重要的
新的GRE作文不同于大多数英语写作能力。GRE作文考查你的观点和逻辑思维能力，而大部分英语写作都是关于语言能力的。在GRE中，这种思维能力分为争论和争论。在辩论中，我们需要在两分钟内找出原文中所有潜在的逻辑缺陷和推理问题。我们应该错误地发现和反思这些内容。这个问题有11个类别，如教育、行为主义、媒体和政治。GRE考试的官方要求是，考生可以对这些题目提出深入的分析和讨论，并据此提出自己的看法和意见。最困难的一点是，你必须给出适当的例子，这要求你在日常生活中积累更多，准备更多。最好的例子是：西方的道，避免使用太中国化的例子。
GRE写作技巧2 语言需要保证
提高你扎实运用英语的能力。尽管GRE作文要求相对较高的语言难度，但你做不到。首先，考生必须使用学术写作的方法，而不是口头表达。第二，整句与分句相结合，就是短句与长句交替出现，不显得空洞乏味。最后，避免重复单词和背诵更多的同义词。相同的词可以用同义词代替。语言进步的过程是漫长的，但是对于那些没有足够时间准备考试的学生来说，现在他们恐怕是本末倒置了。最后，准备一些模板，但这个模板不是供你在网上下载的，而是复制自己的模板。
GRE写作技巧3 逻辑结构是关键
由于学术写作的特殊性，文章的严密逻辑是评分的关键，逻辑结构可以分为段落内的逻辑结构和段落间的逻辑结构。我建议整篇文章应该用总分和总分的结构来写。同时，该款还应采用总分和总分的结构，使文章严谨完整。gre写作技巧,gre考试有什么用也就是说，首先要有话题设置，然后要跟上支撑设置，支撑设置也要有设计设置的支撑。另外，要学会如何熟练正确地使用连词，如hower，so，because等，因为你文章中的连词会直接影响你的写作总分，请记住。
GRE写作技巧4 在实践中寻找灵感
对于GRE写作来说，日常练习是必不可少的。只有通过不断的练习，才能把平时积累的好句子、好词汇运用到实践中去。通过长期实践，我们可以灵活运用GRE考试。同时，平时的做法也可以提高我们的写作灵感，快速提取出作者从试题中提出的目的，可以保证自己的写作不会脱题，因此写作水平的提高不是一蹴而就的，而是一个从量变到质变的过程。
GRE写作技巧5 养成良好的态度
广大gre写作考试考生要充分利用好模考，把模考当成真正的gre考试，不仅能考出自己以前的复习成绩，还能查到空缺，补上空缺。最重要的是在模拟考试中调整心态，用正常的心态去应对。良好的态度也是决定考试成绩的关键因素。
GRE Issue写作提分策略详解
写作提分策略
Issue准备：
练习观点的打磨：每个人都有自己的观点，这是非常好的，但是在应试考试中，不是所有的观点都建议去写：因为不一定能够在短时间内拿到很高的分数，所以观点也是需要进行筛选的。
观点选择之后的限时练习：不落笔写，永远都会有“我能写”的幻觉。10道issue不计时，锻炼自己的思考和落笔能力，11道开始计时，并不需要30分钟内写完，但是要有尽量缩短时间的意识;当熟悉写作文字和论证之后严格开始计时写。如果写作重要的话，至少练习20+。
高频题库的练习：GRE issue会有一定范围内的高频题库，对于上课的同学，老师们也会给出练习方向，所以需要练习写作;对于自学的同学，可以就相关话题进行google，或者和同学进行讨论，在说清楚道理后，可以进行英文写作，然后互相批改纠正。
GRE作文范文：广告与媒体的问题
GRE写作题目：
“Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience，their ideas will have little use.”
近些年来，学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群。除非学者们能拥有影响等大范围的人群，否则他们的理念将几乎毫无用处。
GRE写作范文：
Although academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years，scholars' ideas can still reach a wide audience by the advantage of the knowledge structure. We can simply put that it is the human beings' knowledge structure that makes it possible for a scholar's ideas in his specialized discipline to reach a much wider audiences who don't necessarily belong to his own discipline.
The reason why I draw this conclusion will be illustrated by recalling the process of social evolution.
During the passed centuries，the social economy has been greatly boosted by the revolutions in science and technology，which in turn increases the width and depth of academic disciplines to solve unencountered and more complex problems arising in the new situations. To solve new problems，we probably need new methods. That will undoubtedly calls for invention of new ideas，which will certainly adds to human beings' knowledge. Thus with the progress of science and technology，more and more knowledge will be added to the old system. A new problem will come： how the newly obtained knowledge is organized. This problem will be clear when we make classification of the new knowledge according to the old knowledge system. If there is content of the newly-get that doesn't properly belong to any sort of the old system，it means anew discipline will emerge. But could we just assert that the newly formed discipline doesn't possess any relationship with any of the old ones? Certainly not. This is because the new knowledge is obtained through the old methods，which obviously means the new knowledge do have some connections with some old disciplines，otherwise I am quite sure we could not find it!
From the above，we can easily reach the conclusion that every academic discipline has certain relationships with some other ones. The structure of human's knowledge is just like the complexity of a net! And also it is a natural trend that academic disciplines become more and more specialized.
With the depositing and specializing process of knowledge，it causes humans to accommodate themselves to this situation. Because the God gives every person a limited time and energy，it is necessary for a person，who wants to make progress in his discipline，to adjust his knowledge structure to adapt to his research domain，that is to say，to be more devoted to his own research area. On the other hand，if he cares too much for unrelated or less related area，he will probably not be able to bring innovation to his main academic discipline. Simply put，we almost cannot find a man who constructs the Theory of Relativity and in the mean time composes symphony like Mozart's! So we can say every scholar must be more devoted to his own discipline than to others，but a wider knowledge of other disciplines sometimes involuntarily invokes sparks of new ideas.
gre考试写作技巧公开解读
gre写作技巧
1.审题上
我们有时觉得有些gre考试题目太抽象，无从下手的感觉，这个时候我们千万不能以抽象对抽象，而应该抓住某个关键词展开从而具体化，这样我们的论证才有力，有说服力。比如有道关于人们是追求knowledge 还是追求certainty这个问题，我们可以具体化的，分领域分学科展开，就可以有话可说了，领域学科不必面面俱到，只需要选几个典型的运用到新GRE写作中自己认为自己能够说得清的领域就好。
2.在具体论证上
分论点之间最好有逻辑上的连续性，就是说你是按照什么原则组织你的观点的，这点很重要，体现了自己对整个题目的把握程度吧，读者读起来也感觉很严谨，无懈可击。具体的怎么审题论证在《新G复习进行时》中有论及，可以参考下。
3.最后一点，AW
个人并不觉得在gre写作考试中用长难复杂句很好，因为长难复杂句要写好是很难的，如果没有足够的功底不要轻易为之。如果我们能用一句非常简单的话表述一个相对复杂的意思就用简单句呗，这样才更体现出你对语言的掌控能力。我们经常犯的错误是把状语从句随意地并列在一起，然后把宾语从句也并得很长，像GRE阅读那种，定语从句呢，用的时候觉得一定要放好位置，恰到好处，读起来不显得生硬为好，否则就不要写。之前高中老师讲语法时提到，写复杂句，一定要把握好句子的重心，重心最好出现在前面，而不要太绕，让读者读了几个状语和定语之后才看到你的真正的主谓宾等。
GRE作文范文：新创意
Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from individuals.When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone.
2018年GRE作文范文参考：
I agree with the speaker on that truly innovative ideas arise from individuals.Nevertheless, it is unfair to claim unilaterally that the groups tend to weaken creative ideas without thinking of their positive effects on the ideas; it is equally important for groups to examine, modify, or even reject the ideas.
First of all, truly innovative ideas are destined to arise from individuals in that inter-personal thinking process is so far impossible. This is to say, when we sit still and have a cluster of phenomena, theories, statistics and so forth of a certain issue in our mind, we are thinking it over yet with no assistance at all. After all it is impossible for one to intrude into other's mind. Following this principle, innovative ideas spark off during the process of meditation, and they are the produced by one's own effort. It is equally possible, however, for people to be inspired by each other, yet this is by no means assistance in thinking. Clues, hints, inspirations are to remind people of things ignored or taken for granted, but have nothing to do with the process of thinking, that is, to sort out the whole vision and draw conclusion. In one word, innovative ideas arise from meditation, which is solely limited within one body, one brain. Therefore innovative ideas are always the product of individual's work.
Nevertheless, it does not suggest that innovative ideas then have nothing to do with group work, and actually it is just the opposite. When a novel thought is brought up, it is of great importance to fully evaluate its validity, feasibility, and consequences if carried out. This point need no further illustration if we think of a father who resolutely stops his 6-year-old son from playing matches. The kid might have intended to try something new, driven by an innovative idea, yet the whole house might have caught fire also since the boy is incapable of dealing with accidents. This is the same case in academic fields. In a chemistry lab for example, a novel route design of synthesizing a new compound is never carried out without further evaluation. Practical conditions such as equipments, reagents, and economic efficiency, namely yield per cost, are always taken into consideration and sometimes restrict the application of those ideas.
This is to say, innovation is usually good but not always practicable. This claim is fully demonstrated in the political field. Governors of all levels must take holistic views of the situation and make balanced decision in order to avoid mistakes; innovative ideas alone cannot justify their practicability and goodwill to others. For instance, when we look back, the development of plastic industry has resulted in great loss in the global ecosystem. Thus we see the disastrous consequences of carrying out such innovative yet premature ideas.
Hence, it is necessary for the groups to assess, remedy, and conclude the value and use of innovative ideas. All innovative ideas should be brought to discussions. With the clash of skeptical attitude of others to the advocating behavior of the thinker, fallacies made in a haste can be easily found and eliminated, which rectifies, sometimes supplements the idea. I don't agree with the speaker on his/her judgment of group work as compromising, weakening and conventionalizing innovation. Group work promotes those justified and useful innovative ideas and rejects those invalid, sometimes dangerous ones, as we see the case between father and son, in a chemistry lab, in all nations around the world. Only after the group censorship can the innovative ideas be carried out and benefit people, and this is the time when its innovativeness is fully appreciated.
In conclusion, I concede that most original ideas arise from individuals, yet I believe the group effort on these ideas should never be downplayed. It is the group that judge,reject or develop these ideas; this process is equally important with the innovative thinking.
GRE作文范文：成功
Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it.
2018年GRE作文范文参考：
Many wonder the intrinsic impact of industrial revolution over the last century. Is it a blessing or a curse? Ever since the invention of steam engine, mass production enabled factories to make out products in a madly efficient manner, while machines also supplanted innumerous traditionally skilled artisan, forcing them out of work. Gone are the days when they boasted of their craftsmanship that they assumed to be able support their family all their life. Consumers became more aspiring to novel design instead of durability as goods were made to be discarded.
Hundreds years later, with the first installation of integrated circuit on the chip, another profound turnover took place. Now the computer pervades our life so much that one may find himself half illiterate in absence of input skill. This time, thousands of jobs were created in Silicon Valley, transforming some of the few into billionaire over one night. Nevertheless, the original inventor might not expect that the ensuing slow down and thus recession in IT sector would approach so soon in less than 10 years, which is obviously less than a presumable 15 years time normal for a periodical change.Positive or negative, one mark that characterizes the technological bombardment indicates a constant fact: changes exist ubiquitously and operating at an ever-increasing tempo; those who fail to catch up with the torrent of change would ineluctably engulfed by billows, floating no where and eventually dissolve as negligible bubbles.
Favors as well as opportunities goes to who adapt to the contemporary trend. Fully recognizing this axiom, long before the scientists announced accomplishment of sketches of human genes or earlier successful cloning of Doris, candidates preparing for university admission have smelt the sense. Today, in the U.S., biology and its branch disciplines become the first choice for top students of senior high, determining that this subject, foretold as the third wave in technology, could bring them brilliant future as “Bill Gates” dreamt the same in the previous wave.
In addition to academic realm, respect would be paid to people who though deprived of their past secure professions, choose not to be a loser in the whimsical society. Like the artisans who lost jobs, a vast number of skilled laborer in China’s city of Wengzhou have undergone darkness and depression in those old days. However, after years of endeavor and refinement, they prove their value again. By accurately posit the economic trend and market demand, they play an active role in almost all economic sectors, garments, catering and lodging, hi-tech industry, you name it.
While ability honed in surviving the fickleness of the world makes the path through success shorter, it is essential for the more ambitious to acquire the pith of reformist and lead the trend. In this way, it could help him distinguish from the mediocracy and platitude. This is absolutely not an easy task. Inborn insight and foresight are needed to tell uncommon out of the commonplace; extraordinary perseverance and encouragement is a must to face the coming challenges against his iconoclasm. Very few people crowned with triumph possess this quality, whether the Nobel Prize winner or those who makes coverage on the Times.
In sum, as shown in the course of history, success, whether academic or professional,involves an ability to surviving in a new environment and---, eventually, ---to change it.Now some elite persons have again forecast that another social change is impending.Are you ready for that?
