下面是小编为大家整理的英语语法中特殊疑问句的相关知识讲解(共含6篇),仅供参考,喜欢可以收藏与分享哟!同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“djisen”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
特殊疑问句
2.1绝大多数特殊疑问句是在一般疑问句前加上一个疑问词:
例如:
Who did you ask?
你问谁了?
How do you feel about Dalian?
你觉得大连怎么样?
Why have you not got up?
你为什么还没有起床?
模仿练习:
1.你邀请(invite)谁了?
2.他觉得杭州怎么样?
3.小李为什么还没有到?
2.2但是,当疑问词本身是主语时,后边直接加谓语,而不是加一般疑问句,因为疑问词后面没有主语了:
例如:
What happened?
发生了什么事?
Who speaks six languages?
谁能说6种语言?
Which is the best?
哪个是最好的?
模仿练习:
1.什么掉了下来(fall down)?
2.谁能喝20瓶啤酒(20 bottles of beer)?
3.哪辆自行车好些?
2.3有些句尾的介词可以移到疑问词前面,显得更强调:
例如:
你在为谁工作?
Who are you working for?
For whom are you working?
(who直接跟在介词后面时必须用宾格式)
他们在谈些什么?
What did they talk about?
About what did they talk?
2.4回答特殊疑问句,不用yes或者no,根据具体情况直接回答:
问:Which do you prefer?
你选择哪一个?
答:The second one.
第二个。
2.5用于特殊疑问句的词有:
疑问代词:
who,whom, whose, what, which
疑问代词在疑问句中可以作主语、表语、宾语。
疑问副词:
when,where, how, why
疑问副词在疑问句中可作状语、表语。
疑问形容词:
what/which/whose(+名词)
疑问形容词在疑问句中作定语。
英语语法知识点:特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句
用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes 或no 。用降调。为了便于理解、掌握特殊疑问句,我们把疑问词分为三类:
疑问代词:what ,who ,Which ,whose ,whom
疑问副词:when ,where ,why ,how
疑问形容词:what (which ,whose )+名词
1 疑问代词的用法
1.what 引导的疑问句
此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。
a.对主语提问
What is in your pocket ?
你口袋里有什么?
这个问题可以有两种回答:
a :There is an egg in it.
在口袋里有一个蛋。
b :An egg is (in it ).
一个蛋(在里面)。
What's in the room ?
屋子里有什么?
There are a lot of chairs in it.
=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有许多椅子。
注意
回答此句型的问题时,答句的单复数根据实际情况而定。
b.对宾语提问
What did you buy ?你买了什么?
I bought a bike.我买了辆自行车。
c.对表语提问
What is this ?这是什么?
It's a bench.这是一条长凳。
What is your mother ?你妈妈是干什么的?
注意
What is +人?此句型是问人的职业,一般译为“是干什么的?”
She is a teacher.她是个老师。
2.Who ,whom ,whose 引导的疑问句
此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。
Who broke the window ?(对主语提问)谁打破了窗户?
who 可以对主语和表语提问。whom 是who 的宾格,对宾语提问,但在口语中who 可以代替whom 。
Li Ming did.李明打破的。
Who is that woman ?(对表语提问)那个女人是谁?
She is my mother.她是我妈妈。(关系)
或者:She is Rose.她是罗思。(姓名)
注意
Who is +人?是询问某人的姓名或与人关系的问句。与What is +人?(问人的.职业)不同。
Whose is this umbrella ?这伞是谁的?
This umbrella is my sister's.这伞是我姐姐的。
注意
whose 之后如果没有名词时,表示“谁的(东西)”。
Which 引导的特殊疑问句此类疑问句可以对主语和宾语提问。
Which is Tom's ?(对主语提问)哪个是汤姆的?
This is his.这是他的。
Which does he want ?(对宾语提问)他想要哪一个?
He wants the green one.他想要那个绿色的。
注意
疑问词what ,who ,which 在句中作主语时,语序是陈述句语序。
2 疑问形容词的用法
what ,which ,whose 后面跟上名词时,这三个疑问词起形容词作用。
What sports do you like ?(对宾语提问)
你喜欢什么运动?
I like basketball.我喜欢篮球。
Whose pens are these ?(对表语提问)
这些是谁的钢笔?
They are Li Ming's.这些是李明的。
Whose father died two years ago ?(对主语提问)两年前谁的父亲死了?
Which picture did you take ?(对宾语提问)哪一张照片是你拍的?
I took the one on the right.右边的那一张是我拍的。
3 疑问副词的用法
句型:疑问副词+一般疑问句的语序~?
(疑问副词在句中作状语,所以它们不可能对主语提问)
1.when 引导的疑问句:询问时间
When were you born ?你何时出生?
(I was born )on June 5 ,1962.我是1962 年6 月5 日出生的。
注意
when 引起的疑问句,都可用简略式回答,只回答出时间就可以了。
When will you go to Japan ?你什么时候去日本?
(I'll go there )next year.我明年去那儿。
when 问的是具体时间,所以不能和完成时连用。
(×)When have you been here ?
(○)How long have you been here ?你呆在这里有多久了?
(○)When did you come here ?你什么时候来这里的?
2.where 引导的疑问句:询问地点、场所
Where do you live ?你住在哪儿?
(I live in )Beijing.(可以简略回答出地点)我住在北京。
Where are you going ?你准备去什么地方?
I am going to Japan.我准备去日本。
3.why 引导的疑问句:询问原因
它的回答只能用because 引导的原因状语从句。
Why are you late ?你为什么迟到?
Because I met the accident.因为我遇上车祸了。
Why didn't you see the movie ?=Why did you not see the movie ?
你为什么不去看那部电影?
Because I had seen it before.因为我已经看过了。
4.how 引导的疑问句:可分为两类
a.“ How ?”how 可单独地置于疑问句的句首。
询问如何地做某事即做某事的方法、手段及健康、天气
How do you go to school ?(问方式)
I go to school by bus.我坐公共汽车。
How are you ?(问健康)你身体怎样?
I'm fine. Thank you !我很好。谢谢你。
How is the weather today ?(问天气)今天天气如何?
It's cloudy.今天多云。表示方式、方法、手段的介词
1 .by :表示交通工具,用哪一种方式
by bus 搭公车
by train 搭火车
by bike 骑自行车
by air =by plane 乘飞机
by sea =by ship 乘船
此时,名词前不加冠词。
2 .with :表示工具、器官
with a pen 用笔
with a pencil 用铅笔
with my mouth 用我的嘴
with my eyes 用我的眼睛
How did you eat ? 你怎样吃的?
I eat with a spoon . 我用勺吃。
此时的名词前要加冠词或代词。
3 .in :表示方法
I say in English .
我用英语说。
其他:in ink 用墨水
注意
How ?
How are you ?
How do you do ?
你好吗?
How about ~?
= How about ~?
如何?
How do you like ~?
=What do you think of ~?
你觉得怎样?
b :How +形容词(副词)~?
询问年龄、身高、数量、次数、距离
词 组词 义例 句
How many
多少(可数名词)
How many sisters do you have ?你有多少姐妹?
How much 多少
(不可数名词)
How much is the book ?这本书多少钱?
How old 多大
(岁数)
How old are you ?你有多大年纪?
How tall 多高
(人、树)
How tall is that tree ?那棵树有多高?
多少时间
(多久)
How long will you stay here ?你将停留这里多久?
How long 多长
(长度)
How long is the rope ?这绳子多长?
How often 多久
(频率)
How often do you visit here ?你多久来拜访这里?
How soon多快
(时间)
How soon will he be back ?他多久会回来?
How far多远
(距离)
How far is it from A to B ?从A 到B 有多远?
How high多高
(山)
How high is Mt.Fuji ?富士山有多高?
初三英语上册知识点:疑问词+不定式动词结构
英语有个很有用的结构,就是:疑问词+不定式动词(question word + to-infinitive)。
疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how, why ”。此外,连接词“whether”也适用。
“疑问词+不定式动词”结构有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五种:
⑴当主语,如:
● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
● Where to live is a problem.
● How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.
⑵当宾语,如:
● We must know what to say at a meeting.
● He could not tell whom to trust.
● Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当补足语,如:
● The problem is where to find the financial aid.
● The question is who to elect.
⑷当名词同位语,如:
● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
● Do you have a rough impression how to do it?
⑸当宾语补足语,如:
● Jim is not sure whose to choose.
● Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.
适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括:“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand”等。
有点值得特别注意的是:当这结构当宾语时,它的作用等于名词分句,例如:
● I could not decide which dictonary to buy. / I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.
● Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.
有些动词,如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等,可以先有个宾语,然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如:
● The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.
● Have you told him where to get the application form?
综上所述,可见“疑问词+不定式动词”结构是个形象清新,既容易用又不容易出错的特别结构,可以多多运用。
选择疑问句
选择疑问句同一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的结构形式基本相同,只是增加了一项或者多项可供选择的内容,回答时不用yes或者no,就像回答特殊疑问句一样根据具体内容直接回答。
1一般疑问句形式的选择疑问句
一般疑问句形式的选择疑问句由“一般疑问句+or+选择部分”构成:
问:Is he a doctor or professor?
他是医生还是教授?
答:He is a professor.
他是教授。
Are you a doctor or a teacher?
你是医生还是教师?
Does he like this or that?
他喜欢这个还是喜欢那个?
Is that coffee yours or hers?
这咖啡是你的还是她的?
Are you going by train or by plane?
你坐火车去还是坐飞机去?
Was he born in 1980 or in 1981?
他是生于1980年还是1981年?
Will you have tea or coffee?
你喝茶还是喝咖啡?
有时选择部分用or not来表示:
Are you ready or not?
你准备好没有?
Do you like the film or not?
你喜不喜欢这部电影?
Are you coming or not? 你来还是不来?
2 特殊疑问句形式的选择疑问句
特殊疑问句形式的选择疑问句由“特殊疑问句,选项A+or+选项B”:
问:Would you like somecoffee, beer or tea?
想来点咖啡、啤酒还是茶?
答:Tea, please.
请喝荼吧。
问:Which is better, A or B?
甲和乙,哪个更好?
答:B.
乙。
问:What do you choose, abasketball, a pen, a notebook or a phone?
一个篮球、钢笔、笔记本或者手机,你选什么?
答:A phone of course.
当然选手机。
Who runs faster, you or Tom?
你和汤姆谁跑得快一点?
When shall we leave, today or tomorrow?
我们什么时候离开,今天还是明天?
How long did he live there, five years or ten years?
他在那儿住了多久,是5年还是?
How shall we go, on foot or by bus?
我们怎么去,走路去还是坐公共汽车去?
一般疑问句
一般疑问句在形式上也陈述句有两点不同,即首先把谓语的第一个助动词或者情态动词移到主语前,然后将句尾的句号改成问号。
例如:
Am I a boss?
我是老板吗?
Will you pass me the salt?
你把盐递给我好吗?
Can she swim across the river?
她能游过这条河吗?
Have you tried my cake?
你尝过我的蛋糕了吗?
回答一般疑问句,通常用yes或者no。例如:
问:Are you a farmer?
你是农民吗?
答:Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
是的,我是。/不,我不是。
注意:
16种谓语时态中绝大多数都是一个助动词(或者情态动词)开头,将这个助动词移到主语前就能变成一般疑问句。但是,唯独动词型的现在一般时和过去一般时谓语只有一个实义动词,没有助动词,所以,就必须给它们分别加一个助动词Do (Does)或者Did。
陈述句:You speak French.
你会说法语。(现在一般时)
疑问句:Do you speak French?
你会说法语吗?(句首加Do)
陈述句:She loves China.
她热爱中国。(现在一般时)
疑问句:Does she love China?
她热爱中国吗?(第三人称单数改Do为Does)
陈述句:They worked hard every night.
他们每晚都下苦功。(过去一般时)
疑问句:Did they work hard every night?
他们每晚都下苦功吗?(在句首加Did)
自然语序:主语+谓语+宾语+宾补+状语
自然语序是英语句子的总语序,是一切句子结构变化的根本基础。
将主语后的任何一个句子成分(或者一个句子成分的一部分)移到主语前面就是倒装句。
Did you try it?
你试过吗?(部分谓语倒装)
Who have you asked?
你问过谁了?(宾语和部分谓语倒装)
Away dashed the motorbike.
状语 谓语 主语
摩托车一冲就走了。(全部倒装)
绝大多数陈述句和祈使句都是自然语序。只有少数陈述句、个别祈使句、大多数疑问句和感叹句、个别虚拟句是倒装语序。
1.习惯性倒装
英语句子成分的倒装有两类:习惯性倒装和修辞性倒装。
习惯性倒装指英语中一些惯常使用的模式化的倒装。例如:
2.1一般疑问句的倒装——把第一个助动词或者情态动词移到主语前
Is she a Spanish girl?
她是一个西班牙女孩?
Could you call me back later?
你能过会儿打回来吗?
2.2特殊疑问句的倒装——在一般疑问句的倒装结构前加疑问词,这些疑问词大多数也是倒装成分
Where are you?
你在哪里?
Which do you like better?
你在哪里?
2.3感叹句的倒装——What,How引导的部分是倒装部分
What a huge lobster it is!
好大的龙虾啊!
How tall you’ve grown.
你长得好高啊!
2.4存在句therebe中主谓语必须倒装
There are some chips in the bowl.
碗里有些土豆片。
There was a cop at the corner.
拐角处有个警察。
2.5放在直接引语后面的主句往往倒装
“You may leave now.”said the boss.
“你们现在可以离开了。”老板说道。
“Look what I’ve found!”cried Little Huang.
“看我找到什么啦!”小黄大叫道。
但是:“You are great!”he said.
“你很棒!”他说。(由于主语是一个很短的代词,所以不宜倒装。)
“I’m always ready.”she would say.
“我随时都准备好的。”她就会说。
(谓语有两个动词时不能倒装,因为那样会头重脚轻。)
2.6在虚拟条件句中,当if在were, should和had这些助动词前被省略时,习惯上要倒装
Were I a swan, I could fly over the world.
要是我是一只天鹅,我就能飞遍世界。
=If I were a swan,…
Should she disagree, I would go without her.
要是她不同意,我会自己去。
Had he given up midway, he would regret it now.
如果他半途放弃了的话,现在他就会后悔了。
2.7当so,neither, nor位于句首时,主谓要倒装
A:She is a singer.甲:她一个歌手。
B:Soam I. 乙:我也是。
C:Henry doesn’t smoke. 丙:享利不抽烟。
D:Neither do I. 丁:我也是(不抽烟)。
注意:so, neither, nor后面的助动词必须与上一句的谓语第一个动词相一致。
2.8由as引导的让步状语从句中,常把表语、状语、谓语的实义动词移到as前面
Strong as he is, he is afraid of pain.
尽管他很强壮,但他怕痛。
Doctor as she is, she can’t cure her own disease.
尽管她是医生,她不能治好自己的病。(注意Doctor前面不用冠词a)
Slowly as the tortoise walks, it can beat the rabbit.
尽管乌龟走得慢,但它能打败兔子。
Talk as the students do, they can’t talk much.
尽管学生们也说,但说不了多少。
2.9由Here,There引导的表示动作的句子要倒装
Here comes Jack.
杰克来了。
There goes the bell.
铃响了。
例如:
一般现在时:
I am a college teacher. 我是一个大学老师。
We are college teachers. 我们是大学老师。
You are a boss. 你是一个老板。
You are bosses. 你们是老板。(上一句的you是指你,这一句的you指的是你们)
He is a worker. 他是一个工人。
She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的妹子。
They are football players. 他们是足球运动员。
Can you see mydog? It is a big dog. 你有没有看见我的狗啊?它是一只大狗。
一般过去时:
I was a college teacher two years ago. 两年前我是一个大学老师。(现在不是大学老师了。)
She was my wife. 他曾经是我的妻子。(可能是去世了,可能是他的前妻,这个要根据上下文推断。)
其他,以此类推。
英语句子:
To qualify for therefund, married couples must mention the relationship guarantee upon booking,stay in the same room, divorce within a year and provide court papers showingproof of divorce.
词汇:
qualify(使)具有资格
mention 提到,说起
relationship关系
guarantee保证
divorce离婚
proof证明
主句:
married couples must mention the relationship guarantee and providecourt papers.
参考译文:
为了获得退款的资格,结婚的夫妇必须提到关系保证,基于预订、在同一个房间睡觉、在一年以内离婚,并且以提供法院文件的形式表明离婚的事实。
作者|丹丹英语
公众号: 读外刊学英语(ID:dwkxyy)
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