以下是小编帮大家整理的英语语法中直接引语和间接引语知识讲解（共含3篇），仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“过期薄荷茶”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
1.直接引语
当我们直接引用别人的原话时，叫直接引语，通常用双引号“…”括起来。例如：
He said, “I like to speak French.”
他说，“我喜欢说法语。”
2.间接引语
当我们用自己的口吻和角度转述他人的话时，叫间接引语。
He said that he liked to speak French.
他说他喜欢说法语。
由于是转述，人称、时间、地点等都要变了，所以将直接引语变成间接引语时，有7种情况需要改变：
1)人称变化(从转述者的角度看)
I，you (你)→he, she
my,your→his, their
2)时态变化(把时间往过去相应地退一步)
现在一般时→过去一般时
现在进行时→过去进行时
3)时间的变化
now→then
today→thatday
4)地点的变化
here→there
this place→that place
5)疑问句变成(陈述句)宾语从句
She asked, “Do you remember me?”
→She asked whether her remembered her.
6)祈使句变成不定式或者宾语从句
Jack said, “Sit down here.”
→Jack asked him to sit down there.
7)感叹句转换时的变化
He said, “How beautiful this place is!”
→He said that place was so beautiful.
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句，其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?
(一)人称的转变
1. 直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：
He said，“I am very sorry. ”
He said that he was very sorry.
2. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：
“You should be more careful next time, ”my father told me.
My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
3. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：
She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight. ”
She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
4. 人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：
He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?”
鯤e asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
(二)时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求)，变化如下：
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
过去进行时 不变
如：
1)“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.
鯯he said she was very glad to visit our school.
2)Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ”
鯰om said that they were listening to the pop music.
3)Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”
鯩other asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
4)He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?”
鯤e asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
5)“Why did she refuse to go there?”the teacher asked.
鯰he teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
6)Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework
before you watched TV?”
鯩other asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
7)Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday. ”
鯰om said that they were having a football match that time the day before.
8)He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days. ”
鯤e said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
(三)时间状语、地点状语及某些对
比性的指示代词和动词变化
now then
today that day
时yesterday the day before
间last week(month) the week(month)before
tomorrow the next(following)day
next year the year before
two days ago two days before
this that
指示代词
these those
地点状语：here鰐here
动词：come鰃o
bring鰐ake
如：
She said, “I won't go there any more. ”
鯯he said she wouldn't come here any more.
He said, “This will be finished tomorrow. ”
鯤e said that would be finished the next day.
Paul said, “I visited China last year. ”
鯬aul said he had visited China the year before.
(四)直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变
1. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out. ”
鯤e always says that he is tired out.
2. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：
He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you. ”
鰄e will say that he will try his best to help me.
3. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994. ”
鯤e told us that he went to college in 1994.
4. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school. ”
鯤e said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
5. 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ”
鯫ur teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6. 当引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said，“Practice makes perfect. ”
鯤e said that practice makes perfect.
7. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：
The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water. ”
鰐he doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
He said, “She must be a teacher. ”
鯤e said that she must be a teacher.
He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now. ”
鯤e said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today. ”
鯰he teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.
She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”
鯯he asked if she had to take the medicine.
［注］：此处用had to代替must更好
8. 此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如：
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student A: What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor; He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
(五)直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
1. 陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ”
鯤e said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ”
鯤e told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. (不可说told that)
此外主句中的谓语还常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic. ”
鯤e explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。
The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon. ”
鯰he doctor said(that) I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
2. 直接引语为一般疑问句，也称是否疑问句，间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”
鯤e asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”
鯤e asked whether I was interested in English.
3. 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：
He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”
鯤e asked me whether I spoke English or French.
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”
鯥 asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
4. 直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：
He asked，“What's your name?”
鯤e asked(me)what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”
鯤e asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
5. 直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，(由肯定祈使句变成)ask sb. not to do(由否定祈使句转变)，并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Be seated, please. ”
He asked us to be seated.
“Do be careful with your handwriting. ”He said.
He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
“Never come here again!”said the officer nearby.
The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.
“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission, ”the teacher said.
The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
6. 有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：
1)He said, “Let's have a rest. ”
鯤e suggested our having a rest.
2)He said, “Let me help you. ”
鯤e offered to help me.
7. 当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如：
1)“Would you mind opening the door?”he asked.
鯤e asked me to open the door.
2)“Why not going out for a walk?”he asked us.
鯤e advised us to go out for a walk.
或鯤e suggested we go out for a walk.
8. 直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
She said, “What a lovely day it is!”
鯯he said what a lovely day it was.
或鯯he said that it was a lovely day.
小结：直接引语变间接引语是口语交际中经常使用的语言变化形式，可根据具体的语言环境，作具体的使用，要灵活运用。掌握好直接引语变间接引语也能促进对宾语从句的学习和运用。
直接引语 间接引语
---讲解与练习
直接引语变间接引语是初中语法宾语从句的延续。同时学好这一语法项目也有助于高二的名词性从句语法的学习打好基础。
I．从句子类型上进行分析。
1. 直接引语为陈述句。变成间接引语时，把陈述句变成由that引导的宾语从句。
She said : “I’ll come this morning.”
She said that she would come that morning.
2. 直接引语为一般疑问句。变成间接引语时，要把一般疑问句变成由if或whether引导的宾语从句，同时将语序变成陈述语序。
“Will you take care of me?”
Chuck, Wilson asks if you will take care of him.
3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句。变成间接引语时，要把特殊疑问句变成由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，同时将语序变成陈述语序。疑问词在句中作主语或作定语修饰主语时语序不变。
“Where did you spend your holiday ?” I asked her.
I asked her where she had spent her holidays.
4. 直接引语为祈使句。变成间接引语时，要把祈使句的动词变成带to的不定式，同时根据语气选择适当的谓语动词，如ask, tell, order等。句型为ask/tell/order sb to do sth 。主句中若有please 时，最好用ask表示。同时去掉please。否定的祈使句，要将don’t或never改为not to, never to
5．直接引语为选择疑问句时，要使用whether。。。or。。。
“Will you accept or refuse the offer?”
He wondered whether I would accept or refuse the offer.
6．直接引语为感叹句时，可用感叹词what 或how 作引导词，语序不变；或者用that 作引
导词，句子用陈述语序。
“What an interesting story it is!” he said.
He said what an interesting story it was.
He said that it was an interesting story.
II．注意事项：
7． 变化：
①said to somebody后加直接引语改为 asked somebody if told somebody that
②人称代词：this-that these-those I-He-she me-him, her,
③时间状语: now-then ago-before today-that day
yesterday-the day before last week（month, year）-the week(month, year) before
tomorrow-the next day next week（month, year）-the next（month, year）week
④地点状语: here--there
⑤动词的变化: come-go bring-take
⑥时态变化：do does-did
Did-had done
Have done-had done
Is doing-was doing
Had done-had done
Will do-would do
8． 直接引语如果是客观真理，名人名言或谚语或当时当地转述时，变间接引语时，时态不变。
He said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
He said that where there is a will, there is a way.
9． 直接引语中如有明确的过去时间状语，则变间接引语时时态不变。
Jack said, “I was born in 1990.”--------Jack said that he was born in 1990.
10.主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，变间接引语时，时态不变。
Mary says, “Tom is a good boy.”-------Mary says that Tom is a good boy.
11.直接引语有以when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变间接引语时状语从句中的一般过去时不变，但主句的谓动则要改为过去完成时。
She said, “Jack told me all about his past when he was questioned.”
She said that Jack had told him about his past when he was questioned.
12．有些情态动词，如 must， need，ought to等，无过去形式，变间接引语时，既可用原来
的形式，也可用其它的表示法，但要注意保存原来的意义。
“All men must die,” he said. ---- He said that all men must die
“I must go early,” he said. ----- He said that he had to go early.
III. 小试牛刀
把下列句子变成间接引语：
1. John said to Tom, “Come to my house tomorrow.”
______________________________________________.
2. “Will you come to the lecture this afternoon?” Sara asked Yang Mei .
________________________________________________________.
3. “I watched a very interesting TV program yesterday.” he said to us.
______________________________________________________.
4． “How old is your brother this year?” Charlie’s friend asked him.
__________________________________.
5．He said to the boy, “Don’t do that again.”
_______________________________________________________。
6．He said, “I will come here next month.”
___________________________________.
7．Hanks said, “I finished my work last week.”
___________________________________________.
8. “My brother began learning English two years ago.” Tom said.
_____________________________________________________.
9. “Where have you been all these years?” he asked me.
_____________________________________________.
10. “Have you seen the movie?” he asked Chuck.
_________________________________________.
11. He asked, “Who can answer the question?”
_________________________.
12. He asked, “What’s the matter with you?
______________________________.
Answers:
1. John told Tom to go to his house the next day.
2. Sara asked Yang Mei if she would go to the lecture that afternoon.
3. He told us that he had watched a very interesting film the day before.
4. Charlie’s friend asked him how old his brother was that year.
5. He told the boy not to do that again.
6. He said that he would go there the next month.
7. Hanks said that he had finished his work the week before.
8. Tom said that his brother had begun learning English two years before.
9. He asked me where I had been all those years.
10. He asked Chuck if he had seen the movie.
11. He asked who could answer the question.
12. He asked what was the matter with me.
IV. 单选练习
1. He said the train ____ when he reached there, so he had to wait for the next.
A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. has left
2. He asked me ______ I could pick him up ____.
A. if; tomorrow B. that; tomorrow C. that; next D. if; the next day
3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
4. Tell him _____ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
5. He asked me ____ the railway station.
A. how he could get to B. how could he get to
C. where he could get to D. where could he get to
6. He wanted to know _____.
A. what was her name B. how was her name
C. what her name was D. how her name was
7. They have no idea at all _____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
8. He told me to make sure_____ the meeting.
A. when and where we would have B. when and where would we have
C. when and where we will have D. when and where will we have
9. Do you happen to know ____?
A. where is her address B. in which place is her address
C. what her address is D. the place her address is
10. Our teacher told us that the earth ____ from west to east.
A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned
11. He said he ____ her since two years _____.
A. had not seen; ago B. had not seen; before
C. didn’t see; ago D. didn’t see; before
12．The teacher asked the boy _____.
A. what the matter was B. what was the matter C. What the matter is D. what is the matter
13. Mr. Smith warned her daughter_____ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive
14. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
15．John said that he would pay ___ second visit to China ____ next month.
A. the; X B. the; the C. a; the D. a; X
16．On his way home from Beijing he told me he ______ Beijing again.
A. had visited B. has visited C. would visit D. will visit
17．Tom said that he _____ to the museum ______.
A. went; yesterday B. had gone; the day before
C. has gone; before C. went; the day before
18. He asked me _____ I _______ fond of Jay Chou’s songs.
A. that; was B. that; am C. what; am D. if ;was
19. Tim _____ me to repeat my address.
A. forced B. asked C. told D. ordered
20. The commander ______ his soldiers to take up their guns.
A. asked B. hoped C. stopped D. ordered
21. He asked me how much ____ on the mountain bike.
A. did I pay B. I had spent C. did I spend D. I had cost
22. Can you tell me _______?
A. what the matter is B. what the matter it is
C. what’s the matter D. the matter is what
23. Jeanne asked Mathilde ________.
A. that had happened B. that had happened to her
C. what had been happened C. what had happened to her
24. We want to know _____ do to help them.
A. what we can B. what can we C. how we can D. how can we
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★ 高考英语语法讲解
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