英语同位语从句相关知识讲解

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英语同位语从句相关知识讲解

篇1:英语同位语从句相关知识讲解

英语语法中的从句有:名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句同位语从句)、形容词性从句(定语从句)、副词性从句(状语从句)。

英语从句的重点是,熟悉连接从句的连词、关系词的各种含义以及用法。

一、名词性从句

英语语法中的名词性从句,在句子中起名词或者名词词组作用。 在英语复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此,自然就有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1.同位语从句

说明前一个名词具体内容的从句,一般位于被说明的名语之后,在含义上它与被说明的名词相等。

•引导同位语从句的连词,最常见的是that,其次还有whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词。

1.由that引导

The fact that everyone loves money is common sense.

人人爱钱是常识。

注意:此句的the fact=that everyone loves money

说明同位语从句的名词,只是表达“语言、想法、事实”等少数抽象名词,大多数句词不能也不需要接同位语从句,常见的有:

idea想法

thought想法

question问题

fact事实

belief信念

answer回答

reply回复

rumor谣言

news消息

order命令

hope希望

promise诺言

suggestion建议

doubt怀疑

saying格言

I like the idea that we hold an evening party.

我喜欢开晚会这个想法。

Do you remember your promise that you treat us to hamburgers?

你还记得你请我们吃汉堡包的承诺吗?

The hope that every family owns a car will come true.

每家有小车的希望会实现的。

注意:引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。

例如:

He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.

他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

2. 由whether引导

There is some doubt whether he will come.

他是否会来还不一定。

Answer my question whether you are coming.

你回答我的问题:你来不来。

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.

这个是对还是错要看结果。

We are not investigating the question whether he is trust worthy.

我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。

注意: whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。

3. 由连接代词引导

Have you any idea what time it starts?

你知道什么时候开始吗?

From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was.

从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。

4. 由连接副词引导

I have no idea when he will come back.

我不知道他什么时候回来。

It is a question how he did it.

那是一个他如何做的问题。

He had no idea why she left.

他不知道她为什么离开。

You have no idea how worried I was!

你不知道我多着急!

二、关于分离同位语从句

有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。

例如:

The story goes that he beats his wife.

传说他打老婆。

The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.

消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。

The rumour spread that a new school would be built here.

谣传这里要盖一所新学校。

Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town.

有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.

他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。

The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来,所有居民都必须撤出村子。

以上的同位语从句用法解析中不难看出,同位语从句的引导词和关于分离同位语从句的一些内容都是需要我们注意的。

怎样区别同位语从句和定语从句?

同位语从句就没有关系代词,称为引导词,你的问法就不对!看下面的解释吧!应该好理解!

举两个例子:

1.The news that he will come back is true.(同位语从句)

2.The news that he told me is true.(定语从句)

区分方法有两种:

1.同位语从句中从句是被修饰词的具体内容,是它的补充说明,定语从句中从句是起限定作用,不是被修饰词的具体内容.两句中的被修饰的词都是news,但是第一句中的从句that he will come back是news的具体内容(补充说明:消息是他将会回来);而第二句that he told me就不是news的具体内容了,而是限定他告诉我的消息.

2.把被修饰的词和从句用be动词连成一句话,句子成立的就是同位语从句,不完整的是定语从句.比如,第一句就是 the news is that he will come back(消息是他将会回来)句子完整.第二句是 the news is that he told me(消息是他告诉我,告诉什么却没有说)句子不完整.所以第一句是同位语从句,第二句是定语从句了.

作者|丹丹英语

公众号:英语语法学习

篇2:英语中限制性定语从句相关知识讲解

限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是对先行词的内容进行严格、明确限定的定语从句,与先行词的意思关系非常紧密。

此时如果把限制性从句移除,先行词的意思就会受影响,意思不完整、不清楚或者有很大的变化。

所以,限制性定语从句是不能移除的。

例如:

Give me the article that tells our company.

把讲述我们公司的文章给我。

(限定的是“讲述我们公司的那篇文章”,而不是别的文章)

Which is the motorb ike that you fixed on the 12th?

哪辆是你12号修理的摩托车?

(限定的是“你12号修的那辆摩托车”,不是别的或者其他日子修的摩托车)

定语从句中关系词的用法。

1.That is reason why I gave it up.

改为That is the reason why/why I gave it up.

2. Is this the place you are living?

改为:Is this the place you live in? Is this the place where you live?

3*. The books whom I bought are about languages.

改成:The books which/that I bought about languages

4*. There are some trees which’s leaves are yellow.

改成There are some trees whose leaves are yellow.

5*.Anyone that is well-educated won’t behave like this.

改成Anyone who is well-educated won't behave like this.

这里,

当先行词是he,one,all,any,they等时

例如: He who has not reached the Great Wallisn't a true man。

不到长城非好汉。

All who had seen this filmwere moved。

看过这部电影的人都受感动。

anyone应该是属于这一类。

作者|丹丹英语

联系公众号:英语语法学习

篇3:高中英语同位语从句知识点

1. 定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

2. 用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,关联词多用从属连词that。

例如:

they were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。

where did you get the idea that i could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来?

注:同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。

例如:i have no idea whether he'll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。

连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。

例如:

the question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

it is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

注:

1.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。

例如:

this is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯一的请求:尽快解决这个问题。

2.引导词that在同位语从句中不作句子成分;而在定语从句中必作句子成分,是从句所修饰的词的替代词。

例如:

the fact that the chinese people invented the compass is known to all.中国人发明指南针这个事实是众所周知的。(同位语从句)

the fact that we talked about is very important.我们谈论的这个事实很重要。(定语从句)

篇4:英语语法同位语从句知识点

一、同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。同位语从句的先行词通常为answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词。例如:

1. The news that his heath is failing made us sad.

他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。

2. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.

我不知道他们在哪里度假。

3. The question who should do the work requires consideration.

谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。

4. There is no doubt that he will come here again.

他会再来这里, 这是毫无疑问的。

5. He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.

他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。

二、掌握同位语从句的用法要注意以下两个问题:

1. 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面, 而是被别的词隔开, 以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡。例如:

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。// Word came that Hussein had been captured. 侯赛因已被捕的消息传来。

2. 同位语从句和定语从句结构相似,但是,同位语从句相当于名词的作用,而定于从句相当于形容词的作用,同位语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明,是该名词性成分具体内容的体现。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰、说明先行词的性质或特征。定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当特定的句子成分(that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语,充当定语从句中宾语的that经常可被省略)。例如:

1) We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.

我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。

(how引导的从句表示其前面的名词the problem的具体内容, 属于同位语从句)

2)I can’t remember the problem that they have.

我记不得他们的问题了。(引导词that就是that引导的从句中have的宾语, the problem的具体内容也没有得到说明, 故本句中that引导的从句是修饰problem的定语从句)

3)I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.

我不愿相信他对母亲撒谎的事实。(that引导同位语从句对fact的具体内容进行说明, that在其中不充当具体的句子成分)

4)I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me.

我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。(that引导定语从句对fact进行限定, that在该从句中充当宾语)

5) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.

他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。(句中的第一个that引导定语从句限定先行词news, 第二个that引导表语从句)

6)We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。

7)We have no idea at all where he has gone.

我们根本不知道他去哪里了。(where引导同位语从句说明idea的具体内容)

8)But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”

但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”

篇5:英语中句子结构中的从句相关知识讲解

它是一个具有“主语+谓语”结构的句子,但是它在一个大句子中降级成从属地位,只充当一个小小的句子成分,可以充当:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。因此,英语句子有了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、状语从句。

既然从句是一个完整的句子,那么从句就有主语、谓语,相关的主句,也有主语、谓语,为了不使从句和主句混淆,英语中使用where, when, why, how,what, who, which, whom, that, if, as, after, before等连词,用于连接定语从句的叫关系代词、关系副词。

这些连接词放在从句的开头,引导从句的开始,一见到连接词就知是一个从句。

此外,除了纯连接词that,if, whether和连接状语从句的连接词外,大多数连接词还在从句中充当一个句子的成分。

例如:

1 主语从句

Where they are from is a secret.

他们来自哪里是一个秘密。

What he said was important.

他说的话是重要的。

2 宾语从句

John said that he couldn’t come back until 10.

约翰说他要到10点才能回来。

I don’t know where the bank can be found.

我不知道在哪里能找到银行。

3 表语从句

That is why she was late.

那就是她迟到的原因。

This is where she was born.

这就是她出生的地方。

My idea is that I provide some learning methods with you.

我的一个想法是提供一些学习方法给你们。

4 定语从句

连接词只能放在修饰词后面

She who laughs last laughs best.

笑到最后的人笑得最好。

I have some friendswho work in Shenzhen.

我有些在深圳工作的朋友。

5 状语从句

When he comes back, he’ll be angry.

他回来时会生气的。

You can refuse it if you don’t want to do the thing.

如果你不想做这个件事,你可以拒绝。

Let’s swim after we finish the homework.

在完成家庭作业后,我们一块游泳去吧。

小结:

1.单个单词充当的句子成分最简单,容易学会,只有少数句子成分是由单个单词充当的。

2.大多数句子成分是由词组充当的,八种词组中除了比较简单的副词词组,其他七种词组都要有两种以上构成方式,相对而言,复杂一些,需要一个一个搞透,并模仿例子多造句。这个是重要内容。

还有许多句子成分,是由从句充当的。分别根据六种从句,多造几个句子,强化语感。

作者|丹丹英语

公众号:英语语法学习

篇6:初中英语从句相关知识点讲解

顾名思义,用来说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。 表示目的状语的从句可以由 that(以便),so that(以便), in order that(为了;以便),Lest(免得;唯恐), for fear that(生怕;以免)等词引导;目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。

例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.

He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

学习目的状语从句应注意以下两点:

(1)目的状语从句中常含有can,could,may,might,should等情态动词。 例如:

I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早,目的是为了赶上头班公共汽车。

(2)在口语中so可以引导目的状语从句。例如:

We'll sit nearer the front so we can hear better. 我们坐的靠前一点,因此,我们听得清楚一点。

1、in order that与in order to的区别:

in order that+从句 in order to+动词原形 ( in order to后面加的那个不叫目的状语从句,叫目的状语) 例如:

He got up early in order to take the first bus.

= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.(他起床很早是为了赶上第一班 公共汽车)

目的状语从句的一个特点:由于目的都是未来的行为,所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态,比如上面句中的could。当然还可以用will,would,can,等 。

2、so that既可引导目的状语从句,也可以引导结果状语从句。

1)其引导结果状语从句时,so that翻译为“以至于...”,经常可以和so/such...that...转换,且从句只能放在主句之后。如:He got up late so that he was late for school. = He got up so late that he was late for school.

2)其引导目的状语从句时,从句只能放在主句之后,此时可以和in order that换用。如:He got up early so that he could take the first bus. = He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.

篇7:初中英语从句相关知识点讲解

原因状语从句应注意的问题

1、because , since , as , for,辨析

1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。

I didn’t go, because I was afraid.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。例:

He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.

3) as和for的区别:通常情况下,as引导的从句在主句前,for引导的从句在主句后。例: As the weather is cold, I stay at home.(同义句) I stay at home, for the weather is cold.

2、because习惯上不与so连用

汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”,但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用:

正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.

误:Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. 因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里。

3、because 从句与 because of短语的转换

Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换,because of后加的原因可以为好或坏 ,但最正规的还是because。

He can’t come because he is ill. / He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。

I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 因为他妻子在那儿,我对此事只字未提。

同位语从句讲解及练习题

同位语从句例句

同位语从句语法详解

定语从句与同位语从句有不同

英语中不定式的结构知识讲解

英语句型变长的相关知识讲解

英语语法1知识讲解

英语中英汉差异的相关知识讲解

英语中状语种类的相关知识讲解

定语从句教案设计英语

英语同位语从句相关知识讲解(精选7篇)

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