下面小编为大家整理了引语转换时时间状语的变化知识(共含7篇),欢迎阅读与借鉴!同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“时间情绪管理师”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
时间状语的变化
直接引语→间接引语(规律:时间需要往过去推进一步):
now→then
today→that day
this morning→that morning
tomorrow→the next day
two days ago→two days before
from now on→from that time on
last night (week…) →the night (week…) before
next week (month) →the next week (month…)
for 10 days→for 10 days (不变)
at 8 pm→at 8 pm (不变)
John said, “I am working now.”
约翰说:“我正在工作。”
→John said that he was working then.
约翰说他那时正在工作。
Lily said, “We have classes this afternoon.”
莉利说:“我们今天下午有课。”
→Lily said they had classes that afternoon.
莉利说他们今天下午有课。
Jack said, “I had a dream last night.”
杰克说:“我昨晚做了一个梦。”
→Jack said he had a dream the night before.
杰克说他昨晚做了一个梦。
时态的变化
总的规律是往过去时间相对应地移动一步:
直接引语 → 间接引语
现在一般时→过去一般时
过去一般时→过去完成时(过去一般时)
将来一般时→过去将来一般时
过去将来一般时→不变
现在进行时→过去进行时
过去进行时→过去完成进行时
将来进行时→过去将来进行时
现在完成时→过去完成时
过去完成时→不变
将来完成时→过去将来完成时
现在完成进行时→过去完成进行时
例如:
He said,“I am a humorous man.”
他说:“我是一个幽默的人。”
→He said he was a humorous man.
他说他是一个幽默的人。
She said,“You were late.”
她说:“你(上次)迟到了。”
→She said he was/had been late.
她说他迟到了。
Tom said,“I will go to Hawaii.”
汤姆说:“我将去夏威夷。”
→Tom said he would go to Hawaii.
汤姆说他将去夏威夷。
Jane said,“I am working at home.”
珍妮说:“我在家里工作。”
→Jane said she was working at home.
珍妮说她在家里工作。
Mary said,“We have arrived.”
玛丽说:“我们已到了。”
→Mary said they had arrived.
玛丽说他们已到了。
注意:
当主句用现在时,引语中的内容是客观真理时,或者引语的时间包含现在的时候,时态就不用变。
He said,“I am the most honest man.”
他说:“我是最老实的人。”
→He said he is the most honest man.
他说他是最老实的人。
She says,“I will stay here for all my life.”
她说:“我将在这里待一辈子。”
→She says she willstay here for all her life.
她说她将在这里待一辈子。
Michael said, “The earth isround.”
麦克尔说:“地球是圆的。”
→Michael said that earth is round.
麦克尔说地球是圆的。
1. 地点状语的变化
here→there
this place→that place
Tom said, “I am working night here.”
汤姆说:“我就在这里工作。”
→Tom said he was working right there.
汤姆说他就在这里工作。
Jane sighted, “I will never come to this placeagain.”
珍妮叹气道:“我再也不会来这个地方了。”
→Jane sighted she would never go to that placeagain.
珍妮叹气道她再也不会去那个地方了。
2.疑问句转换时的语序和连词的变化
把疑问句转换成间接引语时,要把它变成宾语从句,除宾语从句的连词放在该从句的首端不动外,原疑问句的倒装结构要变成陈述句的自然语序。被转换的是一般疑问句时,需要给宾语从句加连词if, whether:
She asked, “What did you say?”
她问:“你说什么?”
→She asked what he had said.
她问他说了什么。
Tom asked, “Are you all right?”
汤姆问:“你没事吗?”
→Tom asked if she was all right.
汤姆问她是否没事。
Jane asked, “Have you come out?”
珍妮问:“你已出来了吗?”
→Jane asked whether he had come out.
珍妮问他是否已出来。
注意:当直接引语的疑问句表示请求、建议、劝告时,一般把疑问句的核心内容变成不定式:
Lily asked, “Would you join us?”
莉莉问:“你愿意加入我们吗?”
→Lily asked me to join them.
莉莉叫我加入他们。
“Will you give me another chance?”Henry asked.
“你肯再给我一次机会吗?”亨利问道。
→Henry asked me / her to give him another chance.
亨利请我/她再给他一次机会。
人称的变化(全变成第三人称)
直接引语 间接引语
I,you(你)→he,she(第一、二人称单数→第三人称单数)
me,you(你)→him,her(同上)
my,your(你的)→his,her(同上)
mine,yours(你的)→his,hers(同上)
we,you,they→they(第一、二、三人称单数→第三人称复数)
us,you,them→them(同上)
our,your,their→their(同上)
ours,yours,theirs→theirs(同上)
He said,“I am a soccer fan.”
他说,“我是一个足球迷。”
→He said he was a soccer fan.
他说他是一个足球迷。
She said,“You can trust me.”
她说,“你可以相信我。”
→She said he could trust her.
她说他可以想信她。
Tom said,“My father knows your father.”
汤姆说,“我父亲认识你父亲。”
→Tom said his own father knew his father.
汤姆说他(自己)的父亲认识他(另一个人)的父亲。
They said,“We are our own masters.”
→They said they were their own masters.
他们说他们是(他们)自己的主人。
但是,当转述自己的话时,I,we,me,our,us是不变的。例如:
I said,“I am my own boss.”
我说,“我是我自己的老板。”
→I said I was ownboss.
我说我是自己的老板。
We told them, “We have our choice.”
我们告诉他们:“我们有自己的选择。”
→We told them we had our choices.
我们告诉他们我们有自己的选择。
说明:
直接引语中是第三人称代词,就保持不变:
She said, “He is a nice man.”
她说:“他很好。”
→She said he was a nice man.
把疑问句转换成间接引语时,要把它变成宾语从句,除宾语从句的连词放在该从句的首端不动外,原疑问句的倒装结构要变成陈述句的自然语序。被转换的是一般疑问句时,需要给宾语从句加连词if, whether:
She asked, “What did you say?”
她问:“你说什么?”
→She asked what he had said.
她问他说了什么。
Tom asked, “Are you all right?”
汤姆问:“你没事吗?”
→Tom asked if she was all right.
汤姆问她是否没事。
Jane asked, “Have you come out?”
珍妮问:“你已出来了吗?”
→Jane asked whether he had come out.
珍妮问他是否已出来。
注意:当直接引语的疑问句表示请求、建议、劝告时,一般把疑问句的核心内容变成不定式:
Lily asked, “Would you join us?”
莉莉问:“你愿意加入我们吗?”
→Lily asked me to join them.
莉莉叫我加入他们。
“Will you give me another chance?”Henry asked.
“你肯再给我一次机会吗?”亨利问道。
→Henry asked me / her to give him another chance.
亨利请我/她再给他一次机会。
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祈使句转换时的变化
The cop said, “Sign your name here.”
警察说:“把你的名字签在这里。”
→The cop asked her to sign her name there.
警察叫她把名字签在那里。
The commander ordered, “At ease!”
司令员命令道:“稍息!”
→The commander ordered them to be at ease.
司令员命令他们稍息。
注意:把祈使句的否定式转换成不定式时,不能用don’t,而必须改成在不定式前加not:
He said, “Don’t be afraid.”
他说:“别怕!”
→×He asked me don’t be afraid.
√He asked me not to be afraid.
7.感叹句转换时的变化
引起感叹句的how, what仍可以保留,语序也不变。
也可以将主句谓语said改成cry, shout, 后面变成宾语从句。例如:
She said, “How high this building is!”
她说:“这大厦好高啊!”
→She said how high that building was.
她说那大厦好高啊。
Tony said, “What a big fish it is!”
托尼说:“这条鱼好大啊!”
→Tony cried what a big fish it was.
托尼惊呼那条鱼好大。
→Tony cried it was a verybig fish.
托尼大叫那条鱼好大。
时间名词“日”用作状语时的三种翻译法
在文言文中,时间名词“日”经常作状语,但在翻译时意义不尽相同,准确把握其规律,对我们理解文言文大有裨益。
一、“日”放在具有行动性的动词前作状语,表示“每日”的意思。例如:
①君子博学而日参省乎己。(《荀子劝学》)
――品德高尚的人学习面很广泛,而又能每天再三地检查反省自己。
②(君主)无爱人之心,无利人之事,而日为乱人之道。
(《荀子强国》)
――(君主)没有爱护百姓的'想法,不做有利于百姓的事情,却每天干骚扰百姓的勾当。
二、“日”放在形容词之前作状语,一般可译为“一天天地”。例如:
①干戈日滋。(《汉书食货志》)
――军事行动(战乱)一天天地严重。
②法无度数而事日烦,则法立而治乱矣。
(《商君子错法》)
――法令没有统一的标准,事情就一天天地烦杂,那么虽然立了法,管理却混乱了。
三、“日”字用在句首主语之前,当“往日”或“从前”讲,用来追溯过去,也作状语。例如:
①日君以夫公孙段为能任其事,而赐之州田。
(《左传昭公七年》)
――从前,晋君认为那个公孙段能做事,就赐给他州田。
②日者,秦楚战于蓝田,韩出锐师以佐秦。
(《战国策赵策》)
――从前,秦国和楚国在蓝田交战,韩国派遣精锐部队来帮助秦国。
★ 时态与时间状语