下面是小编帮大家整理的从三方面介绍托福写作词汇多样性（共含11篇），希望对大家带来帮助，欢迎大家分享。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“KCLI”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
从三方面介绍托福写作词汇多样性
1). 词性的多样性。
通过针对大多高分范文进行分析，是相当容易的发现，把动词词组的运用除外，不同种类的名词的使用更得考官的青睐，同时还可以体现外国人的文风。大家可以用小作文的发展趋势做例子，其中还增加与降低等动词的表达，但大家是可以用一种方式用名词的形式表达，这样就会显得更多样了，如experience a steady increase， undergo a sharp decrease。而如“surface”一词，学生们时常都会使用它的名词用法“......的表面”，却从来不用它的动词形式。如果你留心原版杂志和阅读材料，它的动词用法无处不在。例如“The fact of his plan surfaced”这里的“surface”就相当于 “appear”。所以不管什么词性，只要用了不能的表达方法，其结果都是不同的。当然是指正确的表达方法。
2). 同义词多样性。
在写作里若一个相同的词在250字的文中已经出现了差不多3次，如此作为学生自己，同样是会认为自己的文章没有可看性，更不要再说考官，这样能够看出学生语言功底普通，又要如何去获得高分。但是若一篇文章，有关相同一个词却有三四中表达方法，无疑给这篇文章加分不少。其实同义词也是展现一个学生英语水平的一个媒介。中国学生最常用的形容词就是good， 不管是修饰什么名词，用上再说，殊不知这已经给这篇文章打了个相对低的起评分，所以如何来表达不同的“好”呢?我们就可以用excellent， marvellous， gorgeous， splendid， wonderful等。再如不要一想到“越来越多”就用 “more and more” 尝试用 “an increasing number” 这样不同的词来表达，势必会给平淡的文章增添亮点。
3). 句式结构的多样性
使用丰富多彩的句型，这也成为了托福写作能得高分的一个标准。比如出现了一个句型：“If we don't recognize the...”大家是不是能够将其替换为：“Failure to recognize...”，再如 “sth. happened in .” 大家同样能够替换成是 “1998 saw sth happening.” 如此会显得更加的地道。
托福写作中常见的病句改进
1. The artists work pushes our civilization to a higher level.
改进：Artists work upgrades our civilization.
2. For example， you work in a big factory.
改进： Suppose you work in a big factory.
3. Youll find you are fit for business and you can make it your main job.
改进：Youll find that you are cut out for business and you can make it your career.
4. We will own nothing at all if we depend on luck.
改进： We will get nowhere if we rely on luck.
5. He will get a higher salary to improve his living level.
改进： He will get a higher salary， thus improving his life.
6. Their brain is still very young.
改进： They are still immature.
7. Dissatisfaction makes people produce desire for better things.
改进：Dissatisfaction impels people for the better.
8. They cant analyze clearly what is right and what is wrong.
改进： They cannot tell right from wrong.
9. It will help children to form a good habit of dealing with time.
改进： It will help children learn to make good use of time.
10. Though it is not the best job， it afford to his life.
改进： Though it is not the best job， a job is a job. He can make ends meet with it.
11. Since people are always not satisfied with their present situation， they want further development.
改进： Since people are never satisfied with their status quo， they want further development.
12. The only thing they need to do is to find a job which can easily get big money.
改进： The only thing they need to do is to find a job that can bring them big money.
13. They like an active life but not a peaceful life.
改进： They like an active life rather than a peaceful one.
14. Some cigarettes may even cost a larger sum of money.
改进： Some cigarettes may cost even more.
15. Firstly， dissatisfaction encourages the discovery of new products.
改进： Firstly， dissatisfaction encourages the invention of new products.
16. Insgroupsto suit the needs of enteringsintoswork， students must grasp some technical skills.
改进： Insgroupsto meet the needs of future work， students must learn some practical skills.
17. It is very necessary more qualified scientists and technicians.
改进： Qualified scientists and technicians are in great demand.
18. This knowledge will become a part of your body.
改进： This knowledge will become part of you.
19. They cannot think clearly.
改进： They cannot think straight.
20. Money can improve their living standard.
改进： Money can improve their life.
托福写作满分作文学习
Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? Games are as important for adults as theyare for children. Use specific reasons and examples tosupport your answer.
Everyone likes to play games. Games are important at any ageto keep your mind sharp, learn new things, and maintain socialskills.
People say you can’t teach old dog new tricks. Modern research has shown that senior citizens cancontinue to grow brain cells by exercising their mind. Games are a great way to exercise yourmind. By concentrating on the tactics of the game, memorizing moves, keeping track of youropponents’ strategies, you can keep your brain functioning and growing.
Some games can teach you a lot. Games that ask questions, for example, will show you what youdon’t know. (Name the capital of Albania, for example.) It is always easier to learn something whenyou realize you don’t know it.
When you play a game, you have to be considerate of your opponents. You can observe people’sreactions and the way they interact as they play. It is always interesting to watch people. Maintaining personal contacts is important for everyone.
Regardless of your age, playing games can help you keep your mind alert, learn new things, andbuild friendships.
44 Awards and prizes are given for excellence in various fields. Do these awards andprizes serve a useful purpose? Use specific reasons and examples to support youranswer.
A prize or award, whether it’s the Noble Prize, the Academy Award, or Best Handwriting Prize, isimportant. Such prizes can have economic, personal, and social effects that enrich the life of therecipient.
Prize like the Noble Prize can be a cash award. But ever for prizes that don’t, like the AcademyAward, an actress who wins best actress will be offered more roles and a higher pay than actresseswho don’t win the award. Even for the elementary student who received the school’s BestHandwriting award may get a congratulations gift from proud grandparents.
The personal benefits of receiving any award are evident. Any award winner is pleased that be orshe has been recognized for his or her work. When people receive the Academy Award, they oftencry they are so happy.
Everyone likes to be with a winner. A person who gets a prize often has many new, best friends. Awinner’s social life is much better than a loser’s social life. The winner of the Best Handwriting prizemay not be very popular with his or her jealous classmates, however.
Awards serve a very useful purpose in that their economic, personal, and social benefits add to therecognition.
托福写作范文赏
A company is going to give some money either to support the arts or to protect the environment . Which do you think the company should choose? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Deciding between supporting the arts and protecting the environment is a difficult choice to make, but I think I would choose protecting the environment. Arts help to maintain our culture and serve as a source of entertainment. However, we need a healthy environment in order to survive so we must protect it. We need to protect the environment now to help prevent health problems, to maintain the ecosystem, and to preserve the Earth for our children.
Pollution from factories and cars can cause damage to the environment. Moreover, pollution causes health problems particularly for children and the elderly who have weaker immune systems. We need to ensure that there are controls on the amount of pollution when possible so as to prevent health problems caused by breathing dirty air.
We also need to pay attention to the ecosystem. Trees, plant life, and people all depend on each other. An unhealthy environment can have harmful effects on the ecosystem. For example, if a plant dies because of changes to the environment and that plant is food for a animal, that animal won't have any food. If humans use that animal as a food source, there could be big problems.
If we do not respect our environment now, it will continue to get worse and our children will suffer the consequences. They would not have the same quality of air to breathe or natural beauty to admire. That would be sad.
Without clean air to breathe, a healthy ecosystem, and a future for our children, the human race would not survive. That's why protecting our environment is important. If we have a healthy environment, we have healthy children who will be able to participate and appreciate the arts.
托福写作技巧解析 如何提升句式和词汇多样性?
一.托福写作技巧之提升句式和词汇多样性
言语多样性分为句式的多样性和词汇的多样性。新托福考试说到底，仍是在考察学生的言语才能。文章结构就是一个人的骨架，那么剩下来的工作就是需求往这具空空的骨架中添加进生动的血肉，这就是我们的言语了。新托福写作考试关于考生的言语水平最基本的要求是没有太多的语法错误，也就是考生所犯的语法错误不会影响到文章的了解。在这个根底上，新托福考试还要求学生会娴熟运用一些句式、词汇，使文章看起来很native。句式的多样性是很简单经过教师的辅导在短时刻内得到敏捷的提升的，可是词汇的多样性却要在很大程度上依托考生自己平常本身的积累，光靠教师的总结是远远不够的，再好的教师也永远不行能把一切的词汇总结出来。关于想要在写作部分取得高分的考生而言的(所谓的高分就是写作部分得到25分以上)就有必要下工夫去进步自己言语多样性上的涵养，关于一般的考生而言，只需求恰当运用就可。
二.托福写作句式词组积累
1.综合写作常用句式
综合写作乃客观写作，只是一个旁观者的角度对这两篇文章的内容进行描述，因此，某观点是出自哪篇文章一定要说清楚。所以，下面的这些句型在综合写作中必不可缺。
a.According to+noun.
Eg: According to thepassage/lecture/author/professor,…
b.Subject+verbs of reporting+that clause
Eg: The authortells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues/states/indicates/claims/pointsout/thinks/believes that…
或The speakeragrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a different view….
c. As is indicated/displayed/illustrated in thepassage/lecture,...
2.各类话题常用词组
1) 有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…&
2) 扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge
3) 经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy
4) 先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology
5) 身心两方面 both physically and mentally
6) 人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长the remarkable improvement / steady growth of people’s living standard。
备考托福写作除了提升基础外，还要掌握一些托福写作技巧，比如在一篇写作中运用不同句式和词汇能提升文章的整体质量。上文中也为大家整理了一些写作中常用的句式和词组，大家可以积累下来，遇到类似话题多运用。
托福写作：复习建议
建议一： 避免空洞的单词和词组
1. 一些空洞的单词或词组根本不能为句子带来任何相关的或重要的信息，完全可以被删掉。比如下面的句子：
When all things are considered, young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion.
这句话当中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都显得多余。完全可以去掉。改为：
Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents.
2. 有些空洞和繁琐的表达方式可以进行替换，例如：
Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time.
“due to the fact that”就是一个很典型的繁琐的表达方式的例子，可以替换，简化为下面的表达方式：
Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now.
建议二： 避免重复
1. 尽量避免重复使用同样的词汇。或者有的时候虽然词汇没有重复，但意思却有重复。这时候可以做一些简化的工作。例如下面这个例子：:
The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.
large 对一个farm来说就是size方面的large，所以in size可以去掉，改为：
The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.
更简洁的表达方式为：
My grandfather grew up on a large farm.
2. 有时一个词组可以用一个更简单的单词来替换，例如：
My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents’ farm.
这里的over and over again就可以改为repeatedly，显得更为简洁：
My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents’ farm.
建议三：选择最恰当的语法结构
选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更为精确和简练。虽然语法的多样性也很重要，但选择最恰当的语法结构仍然是更为重要的考虑因素。
1. 一个句子的主语和谓语动词应该能够反映句子中的最重要的意思。例如：.
The situation that resulted in my grandfather’s not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.
从意思上来分析，上面这句话需要表达的重要的概念是“grandfather’s not being able to study”，而在表达这个概念时，原句用的主语是situation，谓语动词是was，不能强调需要表达的重点概念，可以改为下面这句话：
My grandfather couldn’t study engineering because his father needed help on the farm.
2. 避免频繁使用“there be”结构，例如下面的句子：
There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather.
可以改为：My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.
更简洁的句式为：
My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.
3. 把从句改为短语或单词。例如：
Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.
简介的表达方式为：
The dairy farm was located in a remote area, 100 kilometers to the nearest university.
4. 仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候，才使用被动语态。例如：
In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather’s family.
本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather’s family”，而使用了被动语态后，仿佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态，相对来说更简洁一些：
In the fall, my grandfather’s family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.
5. 用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语，例如下面这句话：
My grandfather didn’t have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends.
Stand around doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达，即loiter：
My grandfather didn’t have time to loiter with his school friends.
6. 有时两句话的信息经过组合完全可以用一句话来简练地表达，例如：
Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree.
两句话的信息可以合并为下面这句更为简洁的句子：
Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational expenses, let alone pay for a university degree.
托福写作：常识积累
本文分为三个部分：其中Independent Writing Task 9个问题，Integrated Writing Task 6个问题，以及牵涉全局写作的3个问题。
Independent Task
Q: Independent Writing Task有没有题库?
A: 没有，但是可以借鉴TWE的题库。
“You will see topics very similar to these [TWE Topics] on the TOEFL iBT.” [OG, P267]
Q: 准备Independent Writing Task需不需要专业知识?
A: “None of the topics requires specialized knowledge. Most topics are general and are based on the common experience of people in general and students in particular.” [OG, P267]
Q: 写作的时候，观点重不重要?
A: “It does not matter whether you agree or disagree with the topic; the raters are trained to accept all varieties of opinions.” [OG, P267]
“I think test takers had better simply pick one side rather than straddle the fence.” [Susan Hines, Dec. ]
“Creativity is not necessary.” [Susan Hines, Dec. 2006]
Q: 是否可以通过增加深刻的逻辑和复杂的例子来掩盖或者弥补语言能力的不足?
A: 不可以。
“If your language is hard to follow, your sentences are overly simple, and your vocabulary is limited, you may score no higher than 3 no matter how impressive your ideas may be.” [OG, P260]
而且从例子的选择上讲，并不要求使用庞大、复杂的例子，尽管这些例子可能论证力更强。个人经历就是一种很好写的例子。阅卷人并不依据论据的复杂性来看文章。
“Personal experiences are common.” [Susan Hines, Dec. 2006]
Q: 可不可以使用前人的模板(templates)来写作?
A: 那要看你怎么定义“模板”这个词。如果“模板”指的是段落结构和文章结构，那没有任何问题，比如“五段式结构”可能会一直是TOEFL文章最好的写法。但如果“模板”是指背下来的，可以不加思考就可以套到任何题目上的段落内容，那就千万不要这样做。
Do not “memorize” long introductory and concluding paragraphs just to add words to your essay. Raters will not look favorably on wordy introductory and concluding paragraphs such as the following:
“The importance of the issue raised by the posed statement, namely creating a new holiday for people, cannot be underestimated as it concerns the very fabric of society. As it stands, the issue of creating a new holiday raises profound implications for the future. However, although the subject matter in general cannot be dismissed lightheartedly, the perspective of the issue as presented by the statement raises certain qualms regarding practical application.”
“In conclusion, although I have accept that it is imperative that something be done about creating a new holiday for people and find the underlying thrust of the implied proposal utterly convincing, I cannot help but feel wary of taking such irrevocable steps and personally feel that a more measured approach would be more rewarding.”
Likewise, raters will not look favorably on paragraphs like the following, which uses a lot of words but fail to develop any real ideas:
“At the heart of any discussion regarding an issue pertaining to creating a new holiday, it has to borne in mind that a delicate line has to be trod when dealing with such matters. The human resources involved in such matters cannot be guaranteed regardless of all the good intentions that may be lavished. While it is true that creating a new holiday might be a viable and laudable remedy, it is transparently clear that applied wrongly such a course of action could be calamitous and compound the problem rather than provide a solution.” [OG, P259]
“I think you could use it as long as it is on topic.” [Susan Hines, Dec. 2006]
Q: 阅卷人最主要看重文章的哪些方面?
A: Your ability
to respond directly to the question;
to take a clear position; and
to write an essay characterized by (1) good organization, (2) proper use of supporting examples, (3) sentence variety, and (4) correct sentence structures.
[Workshop Manual, P26]
Q: 5分和4分最大的区别在哪里?
A: “Those that receive a score of 4 also have clear, well-written essays, but there are more flaws and the ideas are less developed.” [Teacher's Manual]
Q: 词汇和句式是不是越复杂越好?
A: 词汇和句式需要一定的复杂性。
“Raters will also judge your essay based on the complexity of sentence structures and on the quality and complexity of your vocabulary. If you use very simple sentences and very basic vocabulary, you will probably not be able to express very complex ideas.” [OG, P260]
但是，不是越复杂越好。
就词汇而言，关键是表达的准确性。请参看OG第287页的满分范文1，评语中有这样一句话：The writer does not use high-level vocabulary, but word choice is correct throughout.同时请参看Workbook第57页的范文，同样没有big words，也是满分。
就句式而言，关键是表意准确、流畅且能够变化。但为了达到变化或者准确表达复杂意思的目标，出现一些复杂的句式是很正常的。但一味追求复杂是没有意义的。
Q: 文字是不是越正式(formal)越好?
A: 不是。Independent Writing Task并不偏好formal expressions.只要能把意思表达清楚，并把问题回答好了，就行了。参见OG第288页满分范文2，评语中这样写道：the writer consistently demonstrates command of language and English idioms, especially by using various informal expressions (“Let's assume,” “we would all agree,” “can make or beak,” “come in very handy”).
Integrated Task
Q: 阅读文章和听力文章中共有几种可能的关系?
A: There are three kinds of connections between the reading passage and the listening passage.
a. The listening passage that challenges the points made in the reading.
b. The listening passage that presents the reasons/ways the problem described in the reading passage is solvable or really not a problem at all.
c. The listening passage that supports the points made in the reading.
[OG, P252] [Workshop Manual, P41]
目前考的都是Contrast题目(只有一次考到了Solution，但也和Contrast差不多)，预计在不久的将来也不会有太大变化。根据ETS高级专员(Assessment Specialist II)Susan Hines [Dec, 2006]的说法，目前题库中还没有出过关于support的题目(“Comparison is not available now.”)，所以建议大家主要针对contrast题目进行训练，偶尔也可以用朗文的光盘训练一下solution的写法。
Q: 阅读文章和听力文章之间一般会有几点相关联?
A: “Typically the main idea will be developed with three points.” [OG, P252]
Q: 文章中可不可以出现自己对所谈问题的看法?
A: “Remember that you are NOT being asked for your opinion. You ARE being asked to explain how the points in the listening relate to points in the reading.” [OG, P253]
Q: 写作的时候可不可以照搬阅读和听力中的原话?
A: 总的来讲，照搬原文是不可以的。关键词可以不变，但是整体内容必须被paraphrase出来，特别是阅读材料里面的内容。
“In English-speaking countries, you must follow the rules for citing when you use the same words of the original speaker or author. If you do not do this, it is considered a form of intellectual stealing, called plagiarism. While this may be accepted in some cultures, it is not acceptable in most English-speaking academic settings. Therefore, paraphrasing skills are important to learn.” [TOEFL iBT Tips, P29]
“Restatement and paraphrasing is, of course, needed.” [Susan Hines, Dec., 2006]
Q: 5分和4分的区别在哪里?
A: “A response that scores at level 4 has many of the characteristics of a 5, but it does not reflect the content of the listening passage as accurately.” [Workshop Manual, P45]
Q: 高分(5分、4分)和3分的区别在哪里?
A: “The response may omit one major key point made in the lecture.” [Workbook, P7]
“Response generally cannot receive a score higher than 3 if they do not address all three points and usually need to address two of the points of contrast.” [Workbook, P11]
“Responses that earn a score of 3 respond to the prompt, but they are vaguer than either 4 or 5 responses. Some details might be incorrect or altogether missing and inaccuracies increase. This combination may cause the reader to be slightly confused.” [Workshop Manual, P46]
All Writing Tasks
Q: 高分(5分和4分)和低分(1~3分)在评分程序上有什么区别?
A: 总的来讲，高分(4和5分)的文章要符合评分标准上的所有要求才能评为高分，但是低分文章(1到3分)只要符合评分标准的某一条就可以评为低分。
“In general, responses should be scored at the highest levels (4 or 5) if all the score descriptors fit the response. In contrast, a response should be scored at one of the lower levels (3, 2, or 1) if some or any of the score descriptors noticeably fit the response.” [OG, P267]
Q: 拼写错误和语言问题要不要紧?
A: 关于这一点，我们要一分为二来看。一方面，我们没必要吹毛求疵;阅卷人知道这是first draft并且是under timed condition，只要看得懂，不构成理解障碍，就没太大问题(minor flaw)。另一方面，语法和拼写还是重要的，一旦这些小错误导致阅卷人觉得难以理解，就会构成重大问题(major flaw)。
把“dependence”写成“dependency”没太大问题;偶尔把“becomes independent”写成了“becomes independency”是个可以看到的错误，但还是问题不大;偶尔写出“They prefer to be depended on their parents.”这样的奇怪句子也会得到阅卷人的宽恕。
“Occasional language errors will not count against you as long as they do not cause you to misrepresent the meaning of points from the reading and the lecture.” [OG, P253]
“If your essay includes a few minor lexical and grammar errors, you can still get a high score. However, if you make a lot of grammar errors and if those errors make it hard to understand your meaning, you will get a lower score.” [OG, P260]
Q: 字数是不是很重要?
A: 首先，字数没有上限。
其次，目前字数会比以前更有意义，因为考试有计数器专门动态显示字数，为的是让考生对自己的字数做到心里有数。而且两篇文章都有了推荐字数。所以，我的建议是超过这个建议字数，虽然不用超过太多。(Integrated Task超过150，Independent Task超过300)
最后，关键是内容，而不是数量。不要为了求字数而导致文章很啰嗦。
“Suggested length is between 150 to 225 words. You will not be penalized if you write more, so long as what you write answers the question.” [OG, P253]
“An effective response is typically about 300 words long. If you write fewer than 300 words, you may still receive a top score, but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5. There is no maximun word limit. You may write as much as you wish in the time alloted.” [OG, P258]
“The length is not considered.”
托福写作：结构性词汇介绍
相比于中国(或者说东方)风格的婉转隐晦，美国人则更坚持简洁明了。那么从行文习惯上，这个特点有一个很常见的体现，那就是结构性词汇的使用。这里所说的结构性词汇是我自己起的名字，可能不同的人有不同的说法。这些词汇在文章当中的作用就是表明和构建框架，告诉读者每一部分的内容分别是什么。它们与逻辑关联词的最终目的相似，都是为了使文章看起来调理更加清晰、结构更加合理。
对于综合写作来说，各位老师通常为同学们提供的模板当中很多都是结构性词汇，最典型的就是序数词和类似序数词作用的一些表达。简单的有first，second，third，高级一些的有first of all，moreover，in addition等等。这些是用来分隔和标明综合写作的三段主体段，方便读者(即阅卷人)理解和寻找要点。另外很重要的一种结构性词汇就是“阅读文章提到”“听力部分认为”等等这类说明观点持有者身份的部分。有了这些我们才能明确下面我们所体现的内容到底是哪一份材料的观点，从而避免歧义。
对于独立写作，结构性词汇也有非常重要的作用。与综合写作相同的就是我们需要用到分隔并标明分论点的序数词。这些序数词或者类似功能的词汇出现，读者就能意识到后面一般会紧跟着一个主体段的分论点。除此之外，为了体现清晰的结构脉络，主体段内其他几个关键环节(比如“说理”和“论据”)也需要结构性词汇的引入。比如说理，即把主旨句当中的理由再表达得更清晰明确一些，所以引入说理环节的结构性词汇就可以是：
1. That is to say, ...
2. To be more specific, ...
3. In other words, ...
他们的意思也很简单，分别是“那就是说”“更具体地说”“换句话说”。而引入论据的方式就更简单了，for example/take sth.as an example等等都很常见。
关于结构性词汇的重要性，笔者也是在美国留学的过程中逐渐意识到的。因为在自己的essay甚至论文当中，导师和写作指导都曾或多或少强调了这些词汇的重要性。也就是说，一旦内容上进入了不同的部分或者环节，就应该用明确的标志物表明这种转换。当然文中提到的一些结构性词汇还是非常简单的几个，同学们可以询问老师或课后自行积累，以获得更多逼格更高更地道的表达。
托福写作：如何避免写出假的thesis statement?
独立写作中最重要一句话就是thesis statement，也就是你的观点(opinion)。写在开头段的最后。那么如何判断你的写出的thesis statement是符合美国人要求的呢?那么，你就要问自己以下5个问题。
1.这是不是一句grammatically-complete的句子?
2.它是否arguable(可以被议论的)?
3.它是否supportable(可以被支持的)?
4.它是否表达了一个main idea?
5.它是否是个疑问句?
来看一下例子：我的观点是California was the best trip ever. 那么这句话是否是个合格的thesis statement呢?通过问自己这5个问题我们就可以判断出来。
1.这是不是一句grammatically-complete的句子?
是的。这句话有主语和谓语。
2.它是否arguable(可以被议论的)?
是的。很明显，我是通过对比了其他地方的旅行经历才得出了加州是最棒的这一观点。
3.它是否supportable(可以被支持的)?
是的。我会用三个分论点来支持我的观点。1)learning how to surf at Malibu; 2) going sightseeing; 3) meeting Vincent.
4.它是否表达了一个main idea?
是的。我只有一个main idea：having a fantastic time in California.
5.它是否是个问句?
不是问句。
thesis statement永远不可以是一个问句。
所以，基于这五个问题的分析，我们可以确定California was the best trip ever.这句话是一个合格的thesis statement。
在了解了什么是thesis statement的基础上，来看一下什么是假的thesis statement。
a statement of fact 事实的陈述
a.Alaska is a big state.
这是一个不能够被讨论的事实，是一个真理。
b.Californian red wine is the best in the world.
这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。
a question
a. Is global warming a problem?
这里又要强调一遍thesis statement永远不可以是一个问句。
b. Global warming threatens the future of the planet.
这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。
a sentence fragment
a. Paris: the most beautiful cityin Europe.
这句话不是完整的句子。缺少“is”。
b. Without a doubt, the TOEFL iBTis a true measure of your potential.
这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。
simple announce the topic
a. In this essay, I will talkabout the problem of teenagers drinking and driving in my country, Argentina.
这句话只是告诉读者将要写的内容(topic)，而没有出现观点。
b. Personally, I think thatteenagers must finish high school before they can get a driver’s license.
这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。
丨练习：判断真假thesis statement
everyone should learn a foreign language.
How difficult is it to get a perfect score on the TOEFL iBT?
The CEO told us that the company had no other choice but to lay off five thousand employees.
In this essay, I’m going totalk about dogs and cats, and other domestic animals.
Iwona is ecstatic. Her grades are so good she got into Harvard and Yale. Now she must choose which one she will attend.
Last night, I went to an Italian restaurant and had lasagna.
The TOEFL iBT consists of four sections: reading, listening, speaking, and writing.
There are many English language proficiency tests; however, TOEFL is the test you must take if you are serious about studying at an English-speaking college or university.
Drinking a bottle of red wine every day will make you smarter.
Why is the price of gasoline going up?
答案：
真
假
假
假
假
假
假
真
真
假
托福写作：灵活使用比喻句，让自己的文章更出彩
不久前，看到新闻推送说Uber的CEO大概要辞职了。因为之前左膀右臂纷纷离职，所以孤注一掷的首席执行官也要撑不下去了。于是，马上看到有段子手说
“So now Uber does not have a CTO, COO, CFO, and CEO on the edge of out, this is the closest Uber ever is to a self driving company.
Uber是如图嘀嘀打车的出行便利平台，进入中国之后，仅仅3年就因为无法本土化而推出中国大陆，此后Uber在其他市场的行情也不乐观，即使在原产地美国，市场占有率也屈居于另外一个打车软件Lyft之后。Uber的总裁是卡兰尼克也是常青藤校的辍学生，在市场行情不好的情况下，仍然执意开辟无人驾驶领域。目前，Uber已经储备了无人驾驶(self-driving)的汽车投入匹兹堡市场进行试点。时隔不久，就传出了公司首脑分崩离析的消息。
这个小段子中“Self-driving”一词一语双关起到了讽刺的有趣效果。一方面，Uber提供驾车服务，也正在推行无人驾驶的服务，巧合地描述了公司。另一方面，现在Uber群龙无首，没有了COO，CFO，CTO甚至CEO来做司机，整个公司变成了一个无人驾驶的公司。读到的人有一种“笑着哭”的赶脚，感叹这家公司未来的悲惨境遇。语言委婉地说人家是自己会开车的公司，貌似要说它前景好，而实际的含义却出人意料。
修辞是语言的修饰，是表达的艺术，触动人的情感，是全世界共同的特征。人类都喜欢比较事物的相似和不同之处，在丰富的想象里中创造自己的世界。英语学习中，也有许多基于西方文化产生的修辞。双关需要一定的巧合才能创造妙语，但是比喻却随处可见。
钱钟书先生说：“比喻是文学语言的根本”。
汉语中说“热锅上的蚂蚁”
英语中说“like a cat on hot bricks”
汉语中说“蠢得像猪”
英语中说“as stupid as a goose”
汉语中说“一贫如洗”
英语中说“as poor as a church mouse”
汉语中《诗经》将琼瑶比做“爱情”
英语中卡夫卡将人比喻成“虫”
每个文化有自己的相似点，但是只要我们找到两个事物之间的相似点就可以自己构造字字珠玑的比喻句哦。
丨话不多说，模板现行
描述同类事物的比较
我们可以说A to B is what Cis to D
中文解释为A之于B好比C之于D
如果我们要说“对孩子恰当的表扬好比太阳之于花一样”
可以怎么说呢?
Appropriate praise to a child is what the sun is to a flower.
以上比较的点是说两者都很重要。
恰当的表扬对于孩子很重要
太阳对于花也很重要
其实重要性在托福写作中是非常常用的内容。
所以，我们再来练习一个说两者重要性相似的句子吧
“教育之于现代社会好比水对于鱼一样重要”
Education to modern society is what water is to fish.
学会了吗?
重要性的句子在托福写作中一定会用到呢。
拿上周六的托福真题“在家吃饭还是出去吃?”举个例子。
我们可以说 Having meals at home ensures our safety.
Healthy food to us is what the sun is to a flower.
健康食物对于我们来说就像太阳之于花一样重要
托福写作范文：关于环境的破坏
Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
While the past few centuries have witnessed increasingly better quality of human life, human activity is doing more and more harm to the Earth. Natural resources are being depleted and pollution is being created as a result of development of technology. Natural areas are being damaged as a result of urban expansion to populate more people.
First, we harm the Earth by using more and more natural resources. If we fell too many trees at one time to build
houses and make paper, or if we cut down trees before they grow to maturity, they can hardly grow back in time. As worrisome as overcutting of trees is overfishing. With improved technology and greater drive for money, fish of all kinds are being over hunted, reducing the biomass of some fish to the verge of extinction. Whaling seems a most irksome issue. While most countries argue against it, some countries go whaling to extremes. We often take it for granted that we have unlimited natural resources and use them in a wasteful manner, bringing about great losses.
Second, we damage the Earth by producing pollution in all forms. Factories pollute water and the air. Vehicles pollute the air. Nuclear-related and electronic products are playing an increasingly big role in polluting the air, especially when we dispose of related waste carelessly. We take it for granted that Nature can help clean everything, but it can not.
Third, expanding towns and cities are taking up more and more land. As populations flood to cities, new houses and stores have to be built to accommodate their needs. Land that was good for farming has now become factories and apartment buildings. We seem to take it for granted that we have unlimited land, but we do not.
In summary, human activity seems to be going at the expense of the Earth in various ways. However, our survival depends on the Earth, including natural areas and natural resources, so we have to venerate the Earth.
原文来源：哈佛20篇
托福范文解析
While the past few centuries have witnessed increasingly better quality of human life, human activity is doing more and more harm to the Earth. Natural resources are being depleted and pollution is being created as a result of development of technology. Natural areas are being damaged as a result of urban expansion to populate more people.
While the past few centuries have witnessed increasingly better quality of human life, (while引导词，表对比关系;主语是the past few centuries，要学会物化主语;这句话可以直接背下来套用在科技+政府+社会等话题开头段，“尽管过去的几个世纪见证了人们生活水平的不断提高)human activity is doing more and more harm to the Earth.
2. Natural resources are being depleted(耗尽) and pollution is being created as a result of(由于=as a consequence of= due to=owing to) development of technology.
3. Natural areas are being damaged as a result of urban expansion(城市扩张) to populate more people.
First, we harm the Earth by using more and more natural resources. If we fell too many trees at one time to build houses and make paper, or if we cut down trees before they grow to maturity, they can hardly grow back in time. As worrisome as overcutting of trees is overfishing. With improved technology and greater drive for money, fish of all kinds are being over hunted, reducing the biomass of some fish to the verge of extinction. Whaling seems a most irksome issue. While most countries argue against it, some countries go whaling to extremes. We often take it for granted that we have unlimited natural resources and use them in a wasteful manner, bringing about great losses.
1. First, we harm the Earth by using more and more natural resources.
主题句1：利用自然资源-->破坏地球
2. If we fell(砍伐树木，fell trees=cut down trees) too many trees at one time to build houses and make paper, or if we cut down trees(砍伐树木)before they grow to maturity(n.成熟), they can hardly grow back in time(及时).
自然资源1 - 破坏森林资源
3. As worrisome as overcutting of trees is overfishing. (as+adj+as A is B“和A一样adj的是B)
“和过度砍伐树木一样令人担忧的是过度捕捞”
4. With improved technology and greater drive(动机=motive=motivation)for money, fish of all kinds are being over hunted(过度捕猎), reducing thebiomass(生物量) of some fish to the verge of extinction.(reduce the biomass of sth to the verge of extinction将...的数量减少到灭绝边缘)
5. Whaling(捕鲸) seems a most irksome(令人厌烦的=troublesome=worrisome) issue.
6. While(引导词“尽管”，表对比关系) most countries argue against it, some countries go whaling to extremes(go sth to extremes 做某事过火).
自然资源2 - 过度捕捞
7. We often take it for granted(take sth for granted把某事认为是理所当然的) that we have unlimited natural resources and use them in a wasteful manner,bringing about(带来) great losses.
结论1
Second, we damage the Earth by producing pollution in all forms. Factories pollute water and the air. Vehicles pollute the air. Nuclear-related and electronic products are playing an increasingly big role in polluting the air, especially when we dispose of related waste carelessly. We take it for granted that Nature can help clean everything, but it can not.
1. Second, we damage the Earth by producing pollution in all forms.
主题句2：产生各种形式的污染-->破坏地球
2. Factories pollute water and the air.
污染形式1 - 工厂
3. Vehicles pollute the air.
污染形式2 - 汽车
4. Nuclear-related and electronic products are playing an increasingly big role in(在...中扮演越来越重要的角色) polluting the air, especially when wedispose of(处理) related waste carelessly.
污染形式3-核相关的和电子产品
5. We take it for granted that Nature can help clean everything, but it can not.
结论2-注意参考上一段结尾句
Third, expanding towns and cities are taking up more and more land. As populations flood to cities, new houses and stores have to be built to accommodate their needs. Land that was good for farming has now become factories and apartment buildings. We seem to take it for granted that we have unlimited land, but we do not.
1. Third, expanding towns and cities(doing做主语，扩大城镇) are taking up(占据) more and more land.
主题句3：城镇扩张-->破坏地球
2. As populations flood to(涌入) cities, new houses and stores have to be built to accommodate their needs(迎合他们的需求).
解释句1： 人口增加-->建造更多住房和商店
3. Land that was good for farming has now become factories and apartment buildings.
解释句2：农业用地-->变成工厂和公寓
4. We seem to take it for granted that we have unlimited land, but we do not.
结论3-注意参考前两段结尾句
In summary, human activity seems to be going at the expense of the Earth in various ways. However, our survival depends on the Earth, including natural areas and natural resources, so we have to venerate the Earth.
1. In summary, human activity seems to be going at the expense of(以...为代价) the Earth in various ways.
2. However, our survival depends on the Earth, including natural areas and natural resources, so we have to venerate(尊敬) the Earth.
短期旅行 n. excursion
观光 n. sightseeing
有导游的旅行 conducted tour/ guided tour
跟团游 package tour
自助游 self-conducted tour/ self-guided tour
异域风情的 adj. exotic
有益环保的旅游 n. ecotourism
背包族 n. backpacker
旅游景点 tourist attraction/ tourist spot
旅行社 travel agency
纪念品 n. souvenir
探索 vt. explore
古代留下来的东西 n. relics
城堡 n. castle
手工制品 n. handicrafts
文物 n. artifacts
珍惜 vt. cherish
收藏 n. collection
美术馆，画廊 n. gallery
开阔某人的眼界 expand one’s outlook/ vision
抽象画 abstract painting
具象画 representational painting
风景画 landscape painting
静物画 still life painting
人像画 n. portrait
油画 oil painting
壁画 n. mural/ fresco
雕刻 n. carving
萝卜青菜，各有所爱。 Different strokes for different folks.
业余的消遣 n. diversion/ pastime
休闲 n. recreation
释放压力 release stress
引领潮流的 adj. trend-setting
游乐场 amusement park
主题公园 theme park
消除担心 rid off the worries
从日常琐事中摆脱出来 get away from the daily grind
提振某人的精神 lift one’s spirits
精神消沉 one’s spirits sink
值得回忆的 adj. memorable
文化遗产 cultural heritage
民间传说 n. folktale
少数民族 ethnic minorities
外观 n. exterior
内部 n. interior
化妆品 n. cosmetics
业余爱好者，“票友儿” n. amateur
偏见 n. prejudice
虚构情节图书 n. fiction
以事实为基础的书 n. non-fiction
侦探小说 detective novel
传记 n. biography
励志书 motivational books
马赛克 n. mosaic
神话 n. mythology
乐器 musical instrument
音乐剧 n. musical
表演 n. performance
塑造某人的性格 mold one’s temperament
捕捉 vt. capture
让人放松 calm the nerves and restore the soul
芭蕾舞 n. ballet
电影n. flick
演员的(表演)或者演技 n. acting
看了开头就知道结尾的那种剧情 predictable storyline/ plot
大团圆结局 a happy ending
动画片 n. animation
特效 special effects
展览 n. exhibition
展览或者展品 n. exhibit
马戏团 n. circus
低强度锻炼 light exercise
中等强度锻炼 moderate exercise
高强度锻炼 vigorous/ strenuous exercise
越野摩托车运动 dirt biking
适度 n. moderation
健身 n. workout
有氧运动 aerobic exercises
血液循环 blood circulation
灵活性 n. flexibility
耐力 n. endurance
协调，(身体的)协调性 n. coordination
马拉松 n. marathon
田径 n. athletics
高雅的品味 exquisite tastes
古董;过时的 n.&adj. antique
超级好看的 adj. gorgeous
不好看的 adj. unsightly
巨丑的 adj. hideous
鉴赏家 n. connoisseur
爱慕虚荣的 adj. pretentious
攀比 keep up with the Joneses
涉及多种感官的 adj. multisensory
有吸引力的 adj. appealing/ attractive
极有吸引力的 adj. fascinating/ captivating
放纵自己于…… indulge in …
一个笑话最后的那句最逗的话 punch line
让人特兴奋的 adj. exhilarating
审美的 adj. aesthetic
艳俗的 adj. garish
(交响)乐团 n. orchestra
骑马 horseback riding
射箭 archery
铁人三项 triathlon
壁球 racquetball/ squash
室内自行车运动 n. spinning
美式曲棍球 n. lacrosse
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：playing a game fun only when you win
Should children be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
写作思路展开结构分析
“as soon as they are able to do so”有些过于绝对。所以不能同意让孩子太早参加家务活动更好写一些。尽管让孩子做家务有很多的好处，但让他们过早参与家务劳动，而不顾孩子的承受能力，可能会导致孩子的逆反心理(antagonistic psychology)，反倒达不到教育目的。要先让孩子明白做家务的好处，让他心甘情愿地去做才能达到教育的目的。
本话题高分范文赏析
Helping out with household tasks is the first job that most people usually partake. From an early age, children are encouraged to help around the house, doing little tasks that help out their parents and grandparents. I believe that this is an important feature of society, and should be continued. It is very important for children to learn how to be responsible for their environment. This is a skill that they will take with them throughout their lives, and it should be fostered at an early age. If people are able to keep a clean house or workplace, they will be able to achieve tasks much more easily. For example, if children learn early in life that everything has its place, then this lesson will not only teach them to keep things tidy, but also instruct them on how to stay organized. Another reason why this is important is because it promotes a strong work ethic in children at an early age. If a child is given responsibilities around the house, and it is made sure that the child completes these tasks, the child will learn how important it is to follow through on instructions. Many parents go so far as to punish their children for not doing chores, which I think will ultimately be beneficial for the children. It will help them in all of their later endeavors in life. Finally, encouraging children to do work around the house as soon as they are able to gives them an appreciation of what their parents do for them to keep them safe, clean and warm. Many young children have no idea how difficult it is to keep a house in good condition. It is important that children learn from an early age how much their parents do for them, and learn to respect their parents more based on this. Overall, I agree with putting children to work early in life around the house. Of course, there are limits on this. Children should not become the maids of the household. They should be given enough work to encourage a strong work ethic and an appreciation of their parents, but not so much that they have no time to do anything else.
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：if you could invent something new
Is playing a game fun only when you win?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing a game is fun only when you win. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
写作思路展开结构分析
不能同意，only是绝对修饰词。玩游戏的快乐不一定来自于输赢。有些游戏是有输赢的，而另外一些游戏是没有输赢的。过于在乎输赢，将导致游戏失去意义。参与到游戏当中就能获得乐趣，只追求胜负输赢反而会失去游戏的本质。
本话题高分范文赏析
Playing games is one of the most popular forms of entertainment in the world. Every country has a number of popular games that are played all the time. For example, in China, Mahjong and Chinese Chess are both very popular. I think playing game in itself is full of fun, winning a game is just a pleasure extra. It would be impossible to think that one could win a game all the time when they first start playing it. This is especially true for strategy games such as the above-mentioned. In many cases, playing against the top players of a game and losing is an honor, not a disappointment. The age-old adage says that practice makes perfect. This is as true in games as it is in any other endeavor. In order to win a game all of the time, you need to practice it over and over and learn the strategies of the game. Practice is necessary to win a game. If this was really an annoying process, no one would ever play games. However, it is the journey of the game, not the destination that is important. Going through the actual game is the fun part; if one wins a game, that is an added bonus. People truly enjoy the process of playing a game. If winning was the only thing that was important, we would all play “Rock-Paper-Scissors” all of the time. People enjoy the process of playing a game because of the social aspects. Playing a game, especially a long, enduring game like Mahjong is a bonding experience. Many of these games can last for days, being picked up and left off time and time again. Games are great for bonding with other people, which makes them excellent for improving one's social skills, in addition to having fun. In conclusion, I strongly believe that games can be fun even if I am not the winner. Games must be played a multitude of times if one hopes to get good at them, and this is a fun process to go through. Games bring us closer to our friends, as we have fun experiences with them. There are many excellent reasons to play a game besides winning.
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：require children to help with household tasks
If you could invent something new, what product would you develop? Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed.
写作思路展开结构分析
这道题目作为IF假设型的题目，给予了考生较大的发挥空间，大家可做出较自由的选择，只要能够列出三个理由，或者要完成的若干个功能即可。比如，治疗某些绝症的药物等等。
本话题高分范文赏析
The world today is moving at a faster and faster pace. An invention that would be exceptionally useful for the human race would be an intelligent humanoid robot. On a daily basis, millions of people in China perform tasks which are exceedingly tedious, and are a tragic waste of the abilities of these people. Tasks such as house cleaning, street cleaning, some types of farming, some factory work, toll booths and a multitude of other jobs would be performed just as easily by a robot as by a man. In some cases, robots could potentially outperform man because they would not need to rest. They could perform these simple tasks at a rapid speed, and therefore would be a significant advantage in some manual labor jobs. Other tasks that people perform are incredibly dangerous, and often cause life long injuries, or much worse as to kill people. If these types of jobs were performed by machines, there would be far fewer work-related injuries and deaths. A prime example is deep sea welding on oil platforms. Every year there are many deaths of workers who hold this dangerous position. In addition, because it is such a high-stress job, the worker's lives are often shortened because of inability to cope. As machines obviously do not feel emotional stress, they would perform hundreds of times better than men do in these types of situations. Humanoid robots would also more efficiently perform complex jobs such as surgeries and manufacturing high-tech materials. For example, eye surgeries and brain surgeries require a very steady, careful hand, and an intensely varied knowledge of the human anatomy. A robot could be programmed to complete such surgeries flawlessly. Manufacturing high-tech materials is very complex, as it involves many intricate mathematical problems. A robot could be programmed to perform calculations in seconds that would take a man hours or days to perform. Therefore, I think an intelligent humanoid robot would be incredibly beneficial to the human race, although many of the tasks it performs would need to be supervised by a person, and some tasks would be impossible to perform for a robot.
科技类题目在托福写作中出现的频率虽然不高，但是，考生在处理这部分问题的时候，却需要借助一些相关的词汇和专业术语的辅助，才能够更好地完成托福写作任务。例如，9月22日的这道题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement. Although science and technology will continue to improve, the most significant improvement for the quality of people's lives have already taken place.这个题目的解题突破点主要是在于现代科技带给人的益处。而在表达益处的时候，我们不免会用到advanced science、earth-shaking changes、technical innovation、speedy and comfortable这些表示科技发展和优势的词汇。
交通类话题主要涉及到交通规则，交通工具的发展以及交通事故的处理等话题分类。那么在处理这些题目的时候，考生是否也需要一些储备一些相关的词汇呢?例如，12月7日的一道托福写作题目：Drivers should pay a certain amount of fees so that they can be permitted to drive out in traffic busy time.关于司机在行车高峰期的缴费问题。考生可以 “付税的必要性、环境污染、堵车“等一系列因素来解答这个题目，那么levy the tax 征税、pollution-free fuel无污染燃、get stuck in traffic遇上堵车等这些词汇就能够帮助我们提高文章用词的准确度和丰富性。
媒体类主要涉及的是电视、报纸、新闻报道、记者采访等相关问题。拿6月30日的一篇写作题目“Newspapers and magazines are the best way of learning about a foreign country“来说。针对这道题目，我们首先要考虑到报纸和杂志的新闻和传播信息的价值和特点，例如，涉及到current affairs时事，而且the print/electronic media纸质媒体更适合人们阅读，对眼睛比较好。因此，考生在进行一类话题写作的时候，掌握该类话题的相关词汇也是非常有必要的。
总而言之，小编希望以上三类托福写作热门话题中的词汇能够帮助大家拓展写作思路，解决用词匮乏的问题，顺利拿到作文高分。
托福考试作文范例：人类行为对地球影响
托福考试作文题目：
Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福考试作文参考分析：
人类的行为对地球的影响，有好的，也有坏的，需要分条阐述。
托福考试作文范文：
People have learned how to turn wild natural areas to farmland, how to exploit minerals to adapt their needs, how to build roads and houses to expand their territories. People continuously improve their knowledge and develop technologies to improve their lives. It is undeniable that these activities of human beings make their lives better than ever before. Nevertheless, those activities also cause side-effects to the Earth because of pollution, deforestation, and exaggerated natural resource exploitation.
Nowadays, pollution becomes one of the most concerned problems. Because of the increasingly expanded factories, the industrialized areas, the burning of population etc, too much pollutant spills out everyday. Consequently, all of these things cause bad effect to the Earth. The purity of atmosphere is reduced seriously, the Earth is continuously warmed up, and ozone layer is holed.
Additionally, forest is asking for help in desperation. For last few decades, the forest areas have been reduced to 50 percent because of human deforestation. Green forestland of the Earth can be compared to the lungs of human. How healthy you are if your lungs are trespassed. I am sure that you will get more difficult with aspiration; as a result, your health will be affect badly. From this example, we can infer that how serious problem our Earth has to face with. I wonder how long it can endure.
Researchers show that the natural means is limited, but today, they are exploited so increasingly to adapt infinite human needs that someday, all mineral can be ended up. Because of serious pollution, alarming deforestation and progressive mineral exploitation, the ecosystem becomes unbalance. Consequently a lot natural calamities happen each year such as flood, hurricanes. A lot wild living creatures are exposed to narrow place of shelter and lacking foods. For these reasons, the Earth will become unhealthy.
In conclusion, the human beings harm the Earth. Human beings as well as their dear planet, the Earth, have been badly suffered by what caused by humans themselves. I hope that humans are soon aware of those problems so that they can have suitable policies in order to not only improve their lives but also keep and maintain the Earth fresh and green.
托福考试作文范例：孩子是否应该参加家务
托福考试作文题目：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福考试作文参考分析：
(1)同意孩子参加家务的人群认为能够让儿童理解父母;让儿童发展一些家务技能，还能够让儿童体会到成功和失败的乐趣。本文是此观点。
(2)不同意让孩子做家务的人群认为让孩子过早参与家务劳动，而不顾孩子的承受能力，可能会导致孩子的逆反心理，反倒达不到教育目的。
托福考试作文范文：
Should children be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so? People have different opinions. Some people think that parents can do all the household tasks without children's help, children are still too young to do house work and sometimes they even make things worse. Other people, however, argue that it is very useful for children to take part in the household work. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the second opinion.
In the first place, children may have the sense of contribution when they take part in household tasks. After a child was born, the parents are always the part that gives, such as feeding, changing clothes, and bathing the baby. Others help children because they are too young to do these tasks. When they grow up, they will gradually have the ability to do something, such as washing clothes for themselves, cleaning the room for themselves. If they are required to do what they can do, after finishing their jobs and looking at the result of their jobs, such the clean clothes and the clean room, children will have a strong sense of contribution and success, which will help them form a good personal character.
In the second place, participating the household tasks will teach children how to cooperate with other people. For instance, when doing a house cleaning, one person cannot finish it all by oneself. Different tasks should be divided among several people. For example, dad cleans the windows, mom cleans the kitchen, boys clean the floor and girls decorate the wall. Gradually, children will get to know that they need to cooperate with others to make things done better and faster.
如何掌握托福写作词汇多样性?合理搭配是基础
而对于这一要求就会涉及到了托福语言中的用词准确性和多样化。能够达到词词准确，又使用到不同的词句来表达相同、相似的意思，从语言角度来说已经符合托福考试的高分要求。比如这样一个句子：My writing ability increased by reading many books.粗看起来整句内容没什么问题。但是，细看用词上面，就不难发现，ability和increase是不搭配的。
也曾经有人将托福写作的用词必做是我们平时的穿衣搭配，词汇虽然简单朴实，但是只要合理搭配并且在文章适当的位置，便依然能让简单词汇在文章大放异彩。也就像我们平时的穿衣一样，亮不在于单品是如何大牌如何昂贵，而在于款式质地的和谐和效果。
在托福的写作过程中，我们也常常会提及大家需要有文字的多样性。原因很简单，也许大家在备考过程习惯于看模板或是范文，有些大众化的短语会在几个学生的作文中同时出现。比如：“more and more”这个词。当然，这个简单的词汇在使用上并不会出现很多错误，但是，过于频繁的使用也会令考官感到，词汇贫乏是你的一个弱点所在。
托福写作素材：马斯洛需求层次理论
素材段落
Consumer motivation is associated with Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory. According to his theory， motivational forces have different levels of importance. The most common needs are physiological needs (including food and shelter) and safety needs， both of which are tightly connected to basic survival. Higher-level needs include social needs (including relationships and love)， esteem needs (including recognition and status) and self-actualization needs (also known as the needs to fulfill oneself). In Maslow’s view， individuals must meet their lower-level needs before being motivated to fulfill their higher-level needs.
单词和词组
be associated with 与…相联系
=be connected to
Criteria for the judgment of purchasing different products may be associated with a number of elements， particularly personal preferences and specific functions.
fulfill 实现、满足=accomplish
fulfill a work program
fulfill one’s responsibility
句型结构
…， both of which … 这两者都，非限定性定语从句结构
Chess encourages personality and mental development， both of which are very important in a child’s early years.
适用考题
People often buy products not because they really need them， but because other people have them. (2014.11.2/2013.5.11)
The main purpose for people to have jobs is to earn money rather than gain public recognition. (2012.5.20)
People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment. They do things they like to do rather than do the things they should be doing. (TPO 5)
★ 托福口语话题词汇
★ 托福听力常见词汇
