以下是小编帮大家整理的高二 Unit 19重点知识及讲解(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)（共含16篇），欢迎大家分享。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“xiaofan116”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
重点知识归纳及讲解
1．To be, or not to be -that is the question.
生还是死--这是个问题。
这句话是莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》中的一个名句。意为“To live or not to live-that is the question.对于这种名句名言类的，在平时写作中可以采用仿似的修辞手法，给人印象深刻。根据家喻户晓的成语或谚语，临时更换其中的某个部分，造成新的成语或谚语；或者根据古今名言警句，在保持其原句不变的情况下，更换其中部分词语，这种修辞方式叫仿似。
eg. To lie or not to lie-the doctor’s dilemma.
撒谎还是不撒谎--医生的难题。
To do it or not to do it is not the only question.
做还是不做这事不是唯一的问题。
2．Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.
戴王冠的头是不能安于他的枕席的。
①本句表语uneasy放到句首，引起完全倒装，这主要是因为主语过长，为了句子平衡，我们常常把形容词放于句首。
eg. Gone are the days when we used “foreign oil”.
我们用“洋油”的时代过去了。
Present at the meeting were the scientists, who came from different countries.
出席会议的是科学家，他们来自不同国家。
②（lie在此用作系动词，表示“处于某种状态”，它的过去式和过去分词分别为lay, lain.）
eg. The machine lay idle all week.这机器整整一周没有开动。
The dust has lain undisturbed for years. 尘土积在那儿很多年了。
③wear表示“穿着”指状态，可以用进行时；宾语除衣服鞋帽外，还可以是首饰，服饰，发型等。
eg. He’s wearing a new coat. 他穿着一件新大衣。
Does your brother wear glasses?你的弟弟戴眼镜吗？
He wears his hair very short.他留着短发。
She wears a string of pearls around her neck.
她的脖子上戴着一串珍珠项链。
wear还可作“（面容等）显露，呈现；磨损，磨破”讲
eg. She wore an angry expression.她面带笑容。
I have worn my socks into holes.我的袜子已磨出洞来了。
3. “Romeo, Romeo, why are you Romeo? Deny your father, and refuse your name”
罗密欧，罗密欧，为什么你叫罗密欧？与你的父亲断绝关系，不要你这个名字了吧
deny(denied, denied, denying)作为及物动词，表示“否认，不承认；不给，不准；（正式）抛弃，背弃”讲。它后面可接名词，动名词和宾语从句。
eg. Can you deny the truth of his statement?
你能否认他的声明的真实性吗？
He denied telling me/that he had told me.
他否认告诉过我。
I was denied the chance of going to college.
不给我上大学的机会。
He has denied his country and his principles!
他背弃了他的国家和他的原则！
4．What must Antonio give Shylock if he can’t pay back the debt?
如果安东尼奥不能偿还夏洛克的借款，他必须给夏洛克什么？
Pay back意为“还钱给某人”，主要句型有pay sb. back(sth) 和pay sth back.例如：
I’ll pay him back with all my heart. 我将用我的生命向他偿还。
Have you paid me back the money you owe me yet?
你向我借的钱还我了吗？
Pay back还表示“惩罚，报复”。例如：
I’ll pay him back for the trick he played on me.
他对我使坏，我得治治他。
与pay搭配的常见短语有：
pay for sth.为某事吃苦头或受惩罚
pay off带来好结果
pay sb off付清工资予以解雇；贿赂某人
pay sth. off全部偿还
pay sth. out（按时）为某事付巨款
pay up付清全部欠款
eg. The home team paid dearly for their defensive errors.
主队因防守错误而大吃苦头。
The gamble paid off.赌赢了。
pay off the crew of a ship 付清全部船员工资并予以解雇
pay off one’s debts, a loan, a mortgage还清债务、贷款、抵押款
I had to pay out ￡200 to get my car repaired!
我得花200英镑修理汽车！
We’re paying out ￡300 a month on our mortgage.
我们每月要付300英镑抵押贷款。
I’ll take you to court unless you pay up immediately.
除非马上还请欠款，否则我和你打官司。
5．What makes a play a masterpiece is that the ideas behind the play are about problems which are still important to people of different ages in modern times.
一部戏剧要成为不朽之作。剧中所反映的问题就应该对现代不同年龄层次的人仍然有重要的意义。
①句中what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句，which引导定语从句。
②people of different ages 表示所属关系“属于的”；
a girl of ten十岁的女孩儿
a child of strange appearance 外貌奇特的孩子
an item of value一件值钱的物品
③in modern times指“当代”。time 表示“时期，时代”常用复数。
in ancient times 在古代；in the time of Queen Victoria 在维多利亚女王时代
6．But when the roles are turned around, it is Shylock who must beg the Duke to save his life.
但是当角色被转变的时候，夏洛克一定请求公爵饶他一命。
①turn around在这里指“（方针、立场等）转变”。
②“it is shylock who”为强调句式，本句强调的是主语部分。注意强调句的特点是去掉It is/was和that，剩余部分经过整理后整个句子仍然成立。
③beg sb. to do sth.意为“恳求或祈求某人做某事物”。例如：
I beg you not to take any risks.我恳求你不要冒险。
7．What would you do if you had your worst enemy in your power?
①如果你最坏的敌人处于你的掌握之中，你将会怎么做？
②in one’s power意为“在某人的掌握之中，任由某人摆布”
The enemy is in our power.
敌人在我们的控制之中。
8.We can find several such ideas in Shakespeare’s play.
我们可以在莎士比亚的戏剧中找到一些这种观点。
在ideas这个中心名词前有两个限定词修饰。限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、泛指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类。限定词包括：①冠词 ②形容词性物主代词 ③名词所有格 ④形容词性指示代词 ⑤所有格关系代词 ⑥所有格疑问代词 ⑦形容词性不定代词 ⑧基数词和序数词 ⑨倍数词和分数词 ⑩量词。限定词可分为：①前位限定词②中位限定词 ③后位限定词。个别限定词有跨类现象，如本句such既属予前位限定词，又可归入后位限定词。当与冠词a, an连用时属于前位限定词，例如：such a suit; 当与some, any, all, few, another, other, many, several, one, two等词搭配时属于后位限定词，即such要放在这些词之后，例如：many such books, no such car。
9．Have mercy on Antonio, Shylock.
夏洛克，对安东尼奥会仁慈一点吧。
句中mercy为不可数名词，意为“仁慈，宽恕”。常见的短语有：
①have mercy on/upon sb./sth.=show mercy to sb/sth表示“对表示同情；对有怜悯之心”
②at the mercy of sb./sth任由某人或某事摆布
③throw oneself on sb’s mercy恳求某人宽恕/善待
eg. She has mercy on little animals. 她怜悯小动物。
They showed little mercy to their enemies.他们对敌人毫不仁慈。
His life shall be at the mercy of the Duke.
他的生命将由公爵处置。
The ship was at the mercy of the storm.
那只船在暴风雨中失去控制。
He threw himself on my mercy.他求我宽恕他。
10．I’ve promised to take my pound of flesh.
我已经许诺割下我的一磅肉。
①promise作为及物动词，常接的结构有promise to do sth; promise sb. to do sth; promise后接双宾语和promise接从句。
eg. I never promised to obey her commands.
我从未答应过要服从她的命令。
His pareats promised him to buy a new bike.
他父母答应给他买辆新车。
She promised me a gift for my birthday.
她答应送我一件生日礼物。
He promised that he would come.
他答应来。
②flesh与meat的辨析
flesh通常指人或动物身上的肉，也可指供食用的兽类的肉（区别于鱼或禽的肉）。meat 指供食用的肉类的总称，通常不包括鱼和家禽的肉。
eg. You’re losing flesh.你瘦了。
Lions are flesh-eating animals. 狮子是肉食动物。
I like meat while my sister likes fish.
我喜欢吃肉而我妹妹喜欢吃鱼。
注意：meat 是供食用的肉类的总称，猪肉、牛肉、羊肉等各有其专门名称，即pork, beef, mutton
11. It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock.
尽力与夏洛克争论是没有用的。
It’s useless doing= It’s no use doing表示“做没有用处”
由it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词。例如：
It is no use learning without thinking.学而不思则罔。
It’s no good crying over spilt mick.覆水难收。
12．You might as well go stand upon the beach and argue with the sea.
你还不如站在海滩上跟大海讲理去。
①might as well表示给人提出建议时的常见的短语，意为“不妨好，还是好。”
I might as well tell you the truth.
我还是告诉你事实真相的好。
②go stand upon sth.表示“去站在上面”。例如：
Would you please go stand upon that board?
你愿意去站在那块板上吗？
He dare not go stand upon that high tower.
他不敢去站在那座高塔上。
13. Pass judgement on me and give Shylock what he wants.
对我宣判吧，把夏洛克想要得到的东西给他吧。
pass judgment on sb.表示“对某人宣判”。
eg. When will the judge pass judgement on that woman?
法官什么时候对那个女子审判？
The court will not pass judgement on him until next Sunday.
直到下周日法庭才会对他宣判。
14. If you offered me six times what you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh.
即使你愿意给我六倍个刚才你提出的那个钱数，我还是要拿回我应得的那一磅肉。
①本句为虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反。
②offer即可作动词又可以作名词，表示主动提出，提供（一种东西或一项建议）；还表示出价，与介词for连用
eg. The young man offered the old man his own seat.(offer sb. sth.)
那位年轻人主动将自己的座位让给了老大爷。
I offered him fifty thousand dollars for the house.(offer sb. money for sth.)
我向他出价5万美金买这栋房子。
He offered to lend me some books.(offer to do)
他主动提出借一些书给我。
③times(n.)在此处用来表示倍数。用times表示“甲是乙的几倍大（高、长、宽等）”。
（1）“甲比乙大（高、长、宽等）几倍”，可以用下列句型：
A is three times the size(height, length, width, etc) of the old one.
The new building is four times the size(the height) of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（四位高）。（这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍]了）
This street is four times the length(the width) of that one.
这条街是那条街的四倍长（四倍宽）。
The size(The height) of the new building is four times that of the old one.
这座新楼的大小（高度）是那座旧楼的四倍。（由于句首已用了the size, the height, 所以在four times后面用代词that来代替，以避免重复。）
（2）A is three times as big(high, long, wide, etc) as B
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。（亚洲比欧洲大三倍。）
This box is three times as heavy as that one.
这个箱子是那个箱子的三倍重。
（3）A is three times bigger (higher, longer, wider)than B
The meeting-room is three times bigger than our office.
会议室比我们的办公室大三倍。
注意：用times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用twice(adv.)或double(adj.)。例如：
The room is twice the size of that one.= This room is twice as big as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
Our total income of was double of .
我们的总收是的两倍。
15．How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?
如果你一点儿都不对别人表现仁慈，又怎么能希望自己得到仁慈？
①when 在此处引导一个条件状语从句
②hope不能直接跟宾语，它需要一个介词for。
eg. Hope for the best, prepare for the worst.
抱最好的希望，作最坏的准备。
We are hoping for better weather soon.
我们期待天气会很快好转。
16．I desire my pound of flesh.
desire 是及物动词，意为“渴望，要求，期望”。后面可接名词（代词）、动词不定式及从句作宾语。
eg. All of us desire better life and more education.
我们所有人都渴望更好的生活和更多的教育。
We always desire to live in peace with our neighbour.
我们总是渴望与邻国和平相处。
Mr Wang desires that you should go to the teacher’s office at once.
王老师希望你立刻到教师办公室去。
desire还可作名词，意为“渴望，要求”
eg. At the desire of the teacher, we should finish our homework on time.按照老师的要求，我们应该准时完成作业。
17. I do not envy you your job. This is a most troublesome case.
我不羡慕你的工作，这是一件是棘手的案件。
①envy sb. sth表示“羡慕某人，嫉妒某人”。
I envy you very much.我真羡慕你。
She envies me my good health.她羡慕我身体好。
②a most+adj.= a very + adj.表示“一个很的”。
the most+形容词最高级表示“最之意”，这时句末一定要有表达范围的介词of或in.
eg. Dalian is a most beautiful coastal city.
大连是一座很美的海滨城市。
This is a most enjoyable party.这是一次令人极为愉快的晚会。
She worked out the most difficult problem of the three.
她解出了这三道题中最难的一道。
Mary is the most beautiful girl in our class.
玛丽是我们班里最美的女孩。
18．What are you accused of ?你因什么而受到起诉？
accuse sb. of sth. 意为“因控告人，告发，指责人”
eg. The police accused him of theft.警方控告他偷窃。
He was accused of murder. 他被控谋杀。
She accused him of being late.她指责他迟到。
19．Let me tear up this paper.让我们这张借条撕了吧。
句中的tear up的意思是“撕毁”
eg. She tore up all the letters he had seut her.
她把他写来的信都撕了。
tear up可以引申为“不履行”。
eg. He accused his secretary of tearing up the agreement.
他控告他的助理不履行协议。
tear down意为“弄倒，拆除”。
eg. They are tearing down those old house to build a new office block.
他们拆除那些旧房子以便盖一座新办公楼。
20．Antonio, get ready and offer up your breast.
安东尼奥，准备好露出你的胸膛。
offer up 在本句中意为“奉献”，主要用于表示向上帝或神祭献某人或某物。例如：
She offered up a prayer to God for her husband’s safe return.
她向上帝祈讨保佑她丈夫平安回来。
21．I declare the court allows it and the law gives it to you.
我宣布法庭允许你，法律判给你这一磅肉。
declare表示“正式宣布（某事）；表明，郑重地说（某事）”。
eg. America declared war on Iraq last year.
去年美国向伊拉克宣战。
They declared him(to be) the winner.
他们宣布他为得胜者。
He declared that he had nothing to do with the matter.
他宣称自己与此事无关。
She was declared(to be) guilty. 已宣判她有罪。
22．He agreed to lend Antonio the money on one condition.
他同意借钱给安东尼奥，但有个条件。
condition在此处意为“条件”，需要识记的短语为：
on this/that condition在这种或那种情况下
on what condition 在什么情况下
on no condition无论什么情况都不
in condition健康良好
out of condition身体不佳
on condition that是从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只有在条件下”（=only if），“条件是”。
eg. You may borrow this book on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else.你可以借这本书，条件是不能再借给别人。
Ability and effort are conditions of success.
才能和努力是成功的条件。
On this condition you may go home earlier.
在这种情况下，你可以早一点回家。
On what condition will you agree with me?
什么条件下，你才能同意我？
He can’t climb the mountain because he is out of condition.
他不能爬山，因为他身体欠佳。
23．He is young, but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.他很年轻，但是我过
去从来不知道有这么年轻又如此聪明的人。
在一个名词词组中，不定冠词a/an通常用在形容词的前面。如a serious mistake。但是，如果形容词前面有so, too, how时，a/an 就该放在形容词后面，其结构是“so/too/how+adj+a/an+n.”。能够构成这种结构的名词必须是单数可数名词。
eg. Did you notice that you have made so serious a mistake?
你是否注意到你出了一个很严重的错？
It’s too difficult a book for beginners.
这本书对初学者是太难了。
How wonder ful a plan it would be! 那该是一个多么好的计划啊。
试比较：He is so good a teacher that we all like him.= He is such a good student that we all like him.
练一练：用so, such填空
1.__________ big a city 2._____________ a pretty girl
3.__________ good students 4._____________fine weather
5.__________many books 6._____________much water
7.__________ little food 8._____________ few oranges
答案：
1. so 2. such 3. such 4. such 5. so 6. so 7.so 8. so
24.You want justice, so you get justice, more than you wanted.
他要求公正，那么就让你得到公证，比你要求的还要多。
shall 在此处用于第二人称，表示说话人的允诺，意思是“可以”。
在本剧的最后还有：everything that he owns shall be taken away from him. One half of his money and his goods shall be givenand the other half shall be given两句中的shall用于第三人称，表示法令、规章等中的规定，意思是“必须”。shall 用于第二、三人称，还表示决心、命令、警告、要求、义务等。
eg. He shall answer for his misdeeds.他应当为他的错误行为负责。
You shall have a nice present for your birthday.
你过生日时将会得到一份精美的礼物。
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.
什么也不能阻止我们实现这项计划。
shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示说话人征求对方意见。
eg. Shall we go now?我们现在走可以吗？
She he come in?可以让他进来吗？
25．Therefore, go down on your knees and beg the Duke for mercy.
因此，跪下来请求公爵的宽恕吧。
①go down on one’s knees 的意思是“跪下”、“屈膝”。
They will never go down on their knees before the oppressors.
他们绝不向压迫者屈膝。
②beg for意为“乞求，请求”
He went down on his knees and begged for forgiveness.
他跪下来请求饶恕。
26．My money and goods are as dear to me as life itself.
我的钱和财产对我就像生命一样宝贵。
dear 在此处的意思是“珍贵的”
He lost everything that was dear to him.
他表达了他所珍贵的一切。
goods在此处的意思的“动产”。
27．Shylock must promise to leave the money upon his death to his daughter and her husband.
夏洛克必须答应在他死后把这笔钱给他的女儿和女婿。
①句中的upon 等于on,表示“就在某时或某场合之后。”例如：
Upon my arrival home I found there was something strange.
我一到家就发现不对劲。
On asking for information I was told I must wait.
我一打听，说我得等着。
②leave sth. to sb.表示“将某事物遗赠给某人；死后留下某物给某人”
leave all one’s money to charity把所有的钱遗赠给慈善事业。
1．Why should students be careful smelling from bottles?
为什么学生在闻瓶中气味时要当心？
be careful doing的意思是“做某事仔细或小心”，be careful后面常跟with，in，about等介词短语，也可跟to do或从句。例如：
People should be more careful about the things they say.
大家对自己说的话应该很谨慎。
Be careful that the medicine is kept away from children.
要小心把药放在安全的地方，不要让小孩拿到。
Please be very careful with those plates! 那些盘子，要十分小心。
2．What is to be done when anything gets into your eyes?
如果你眼睛里进了东西，该怎么办？
①“be+ to do”结构表示安排、命令、职责、义务、目的、用途、可能性、命中注定等。例如：
We are to meet at the school gate. 我们约定在校门口碰头。（安排）
You are to be back by 10 o’clock. 你得在10点钟前回来。（命令）
A knife is to cut with. 刀是用来切割的。（用途）
They were never to meet again.他们注定以后永远不再见面。（命中注定）
②不定式的被动式用于当逻辑主语是不定式动作的接受者。再如：
Do you want to be taught German？ 你想让人教你德语吗？
3．More roads and trains mean more pollution.
更多的路和火车意味着更多的污染。
试比较：mean to do sth. 打算干某事 mean doing sth. 意味着…
I don’t mean to argue with you. 我不打算跟你吵架。
Passing the entrance exam means being admitted into college.
通过了高考意味着被大学录取。
4．It is fast and clean and it doesn’t make any noise as planes do.
它既快又清洁而不像飞机那样制造噪音。
①make a noise 吵闹、喧哗、制造噪音。例如：
Try not to make a noise when you go upstairs.
Don’t make so much noise. 不要大声喧哗。
②as在这里作连词用，意思为“像……一样”，如：
She is a fine singer，as her mother used to.
像她妈妈过去一样，她是个很好的歌手。
5．We should make more use of this new technology.
我们应该更好地利用这种新技术。
make use of利用，use前不用冠词，但可以加上某些形容词。如：
make good use of好好利用
make full use of充分利用
make the best use of充分利用
make little use of 不充分利用
6．It is good for the economy、那对经济（发展）有好处。
be good for作“对……有好处”；“对……有益”。例如：
Milk is good for you. 牛奶对你健康有益。
It is not good for children to give them everything they want.
孩子要什么就给什么，这对他们并无益处。
比较：be good to sb.（对……友善）。例如：
This boss is good to his employees, especially when they are ill.
这位老板对他的雇员很好，尤其是当他们生病时。
be good at（擅长于）。例如：
The children is good at language study.这孩子擅长语言学习。
7．In the 18th century，Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is.
十八世纪，本杰明弗兰克林做了一系列实验，以证明电是什么。
In June 1752，I wanted to show that lighting and electricity are the same.
1752年6月，我要证明闪电和电是一回事。
①一般来说，从句的动词时态与主句的动词时态保持一致，也就是说，如果主句中用过去时，从句一般也用过去范畴的时态。但是如果从句表达的是一种真理或客观事实，使用一般现在时。
②“做实验”的各种说法：
do an experiment
make an experiment
perform an experiment
conduct an experiment
carry out an experiment
③conduct作为及物动词，作“指导，引导；指挥（乐团、乐曲）；经营，管理”。如
He conducted me around the museum. 他领我参观了博物馆。
He conducted the orchestra. 他指挥管弦乐团。
The manager conducted his business carefully.
这个经理谨慎地管理着他的业务。
④a number of表示“很多的，大量的”，后接可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数形式。而the number of则表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
A number of children play games online. 很多孩子在网上玩游戏。
The number of cars is increasing year by year.
骄车的数量在逐年增长。
8．Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning，I decided to do an experiment.
意识到我能用风筝来吸引闪电，我决定做一个实验。
having realised是现在分词的完成式，在句中作状语，表示其动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前，相当于when I had realized that…，再如：
Having answered the letter，she went on to listen to the radio.
回完了信，她开始接着听收音机。
Having been praised at the meeting，the girl felt very happy.
在会上受到了表扬，这个女孩感到非常高兴。
9．The string was getting charged. 细线开始带电！
①charge作及物动词，作“使……充满，饱含”。如：
He’s charging a battery. 他正在为蓄电池充电。
②“get+过去分词”表示“被（受）……”。get用在表示动作的动词过去分词之前表被动语态，它强调该动作和其所造成主语状态的变化。如：
He got lost in the forest. 他在森林里迷路了。
The audience got confused. 观众被搞糊涂了。
10．I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work.
当时我开始认为这项实验行不通。
①work的意思是“起作用；产生影响；行得通；奏效”。例如：
The medicine seems to be working. 药好像起作用了。
Will your method work? 你的方法行吗？
②比较begin to do与begin doing：
1）begin后跟to do或doing，含义上没有多少差异。如果谈论一个长期的习惯动作开始养成时，更加常用begin doing。例如：
How old were you when you first began playing the piano?
2）当begin后面跟的是understand，realize，see，know，think等动词时，用begin to do。例如：
She began to think she was wrong after a second thought.
经过重新考虑后，她开始认为她错了。
3）当begin用于进行时态时，其后跟to do。如：
Mary is beginning to do her homework.
4）当主语是物或用于描述天气变化时，其后跟to do如：
The water began to boil. 水开始开了。
It began to get dark before we knew it. 不知不觉地天黑下来了。
11．This experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same.
这个实验证明闪电与电相同的。
prove作为及物动词，当“证明，证实”讲，如：
The facts prove that he is a brave fighter.（prove + that从句）
事实证明他是一个勇敢的战士。
He has proved his courage in the battle.（prove + n）
在战斗中已经证明了他的勇气。
He proved himself to be a capable general.（prove+宾语+宾补）
他证明自己是一位有能力的将军。
prove还可作系动词，后接形容词或名词作表语，意为“证明是……”。如：
The method proved（to be）effective. 这种办法证明是有效的。
He proved a successful manager. 他证明是一位成功的经理。
12．Add a tail to the frame and tie a long string to the cross so you can control the kite.
给风筝框上加上条尾巴并在中心架上系一条细线这样就能控制风筝了。
①add作为及物动词，意为“加，增加”如：
The fire is out，will you please add some wood?
火要灭了，请你添些木柴好吗？
②add…to…意为“在……放（加）……”如：
If you add some salt to the soup，it will taste better.
如果你在汤里放些盐，汤的味道会更好些。
③add to = increase增加，增添。如：
This visit will greatly add to our understanding of our country.
这次访问将大大增加我们对贵国的了解。
④add up to合计，总计。如：
His whole schooling added up to no more than one year.
他所受的学校教育加起来不到一年。
⑤tie…to…解释“把……绑在（系到）……上”。如：
The farmer tied the horse to a tree. 这个农夫把马拴在一棵树上。
13．Take care that the string does not touch the wall or the door.
注意不要让长线碰到墙壁或门。
take care常用于以下结构：
①take care of（爱护；照顾）。例如：
She urged me to take care of myself. 她力劝我保重自己。
She stayed at home to take care of the baby. 她留在家里照顾婴儿。
②take care that…（小心；注意）。例如：
Take care that you don’t spoil your clothes.
当心不要把衣服弄脏。
二、词语辨析
1．electric，electrical
这两个词都是“电的”意思。不同的是：electric指“由电产生的”或“带电的装置”；而“electrical”指“有关电学方面的”。
an electric clock/light/iron/wire
电子钟/电灯/电熨斗/电线
electrical engineering电工学
an electrical engineer 电力工程师
2．pull，draw，drag
①pull是个普通用语，意为“用力拉”，指使物体朝着发出力的方向移动，不强调移动的方式。
Mother pulled me by the hand. 妈妈拉着我的手。
Pull the door open. Don’t push it. 把门拉开，别推。
②draw与pull意思接近，通常指“拖、拉”的动作比pull更均匀、平稳，从容
Out of the package he drew a paper and gave it to my father.
他从小包里抽出一份文件递给我父亲。
After some time，he began to draw the net in.
过了一些时候，他开始收网。
③drag指艰难而缓慢地“拖、拉”较笨重的东西，含“费力和用劲”之意。
He dragged himself along the street.
他拖着沉重的脚步沿街走着。
3．be made of；be made from；be made into
be made of指成品中可以看出原材料。
be made from指在成品中看不出原材料。
be made into其主语是原料，指某种原料可以制成（某种成品）
4．high，highly
high用作形容词时，其意思是“高的”，但常引电为“强烈的；高尚的；崇高的”。high还可用作副词，其意思是“高；显著的；强烈地”。
highly也是副词，往往指抽象的高。
一 重点短语
1 work on (doing) sth致力于，从事于；起作用
eg, work on a new book写一本新书/ work on a cure for AIDS致力于艾滋病的疗法
His charm doesn’t work on me.(doesn’t affect or impress me)他的魅力对我不起作用。
对比：work on从事某项工作(创作、研究、设计、……)。
work at学习,研习；在……下功夫。
Eg,I'm working hard at my study/lessons. 我正在努力学习。
work out 解决出，计算出；制定（方案，计划）；结果（顺利）；锻炼
eg,Things worked out quite well.事情的结果很不错。
I work out regularly to keep fit.我经常锻炼保持健康。
a well worked-out scheme一个精心设计的方案
2 in store（为防备而）贮藏，准备着；将要发生，出现
eg, The runner kept some energy in store for crossing the finish line.
eg , There was another accident in store for him that day.
3 it’s likely(possible,probable) that...有可能… sb/sth be likely to do
4 set up（=establish）建立，竖立起
联想：a. set out/off（for sp.）（=leave for sp.）出发（去某地）
b. set out to do/set about doing开始，着手干
c. set aside留出，拨出（时间，钱）；把…放一边，不顾
d. set fire to(set sth on fire) 纵火 e. set an example to 为…树立榜样
f. set a world record创下世界记录 g. be set in以…为背景
5 be home to / of …发祥地, 所在地 6 on the march 行军中/ 进行中
7 get+v.ed 结构（多表被动）
eg , get paid/ get injured/ get annoyed /get drunk /get separated/ get lost
8 in private(privately) 私下 反义：in public (publicly)当众
9 a growing number of数目不断增长的
联想：a number of /a great many（修饰可数名词）
a great deal of/a large amount of （修饰不可数名词）
a lot of /plenty of /a large quantity of （修饰可数或不可数名词）
10 grasp(take/seize) an opportunity抓住机遇
grasp one/s meaning/idea理解某人的意思、想法
11 follow/pursue one’s dreams追求某人的梦想
follow one’s advice/orders/instructions采纳、听从某人的建议、指令、指导（说明）
12 get/gain/obtain Master’s degree (MA:Master of Arts; MSc:Master of Sciences)
获得（文、理科）硕士学位
master and servant主人和仆人 master a language/skill掌握，精通一门语言、技术
master one’s fate 掌控某人的命运 master one’s temper/feelings控制住某人的脾气、情感
13 arrange sth 安排，筹备eg,Let’s arrange a time and place for our meeting.
arrange (with sb) to do （与人）约定，商定
eg, We’ve arranged with his team to play a game of soccer.
arrange for sb/sth to do安排…做…eg,I’ve arranged for a taxi to pick you up.
14 set foot in/on踏入，踏上
15 run a company/a restaurant经营一家公司、餐馆
16 have a (good/bad/far-reaching/long-lasting… )effect/influence on/upon
对…有（好、坏、深远的、长久的…）影响
come into effect = take effect生效 bring sth into effect 使…实施
in effect = in fact = as a matter of fact = in reality 事实上
17 rely/depend/count on sb to do /doing依赖，依靠某人做…
rely/depend/count on it that… 指望
eg,You may rely on it that he will join our club.=You may rely on him to join our club.
18 come(back) to life复苏，苏醒；活跃,，生动起来 对比：bring…(back)to life使活跃
eg,Spring makes everything come to life.=(Spring brings everything to life)
eg Ted knows how to make the party come to life. =(He knows how to bring the party to life.)
他知道如何让晚会热闹。
Sb come (back) to life/come to oneself/recover consciousness/revive某人醒过来，恢复知觉
更多：come to light曝光，被发现 come to a conclusion得出结论
come to an end 结束 come to nothing 没有结果 come to the point谈正题
19 achieve/reach/fulfill one’s goal 实现目标
20 enable sb to do使…能够做 eg,The eagle’s wings enable it to fly very fast.
21 boom(v./n.)急速发展，兴旺繁荣；发出隆隆声
eg,In the past few years,China has been enjoying a boom in the housing market.
These stocks are booming(shooting up)today. 这些股票今天正暴涨
We heard a boom in the distance when the bomb went off. 炸弹爆炸时我们听到远处的轰响。
22 put forward(a plan,policy,idea…) 提出（一项计划，政策，想法…）
另有：put a clock/watch forward把…拨快
联想： put out 扑灭，熄灭 put off推迟 put aside 放下，撇开；存钱 put away收拾好;存钱put down放下，写下；镇压 (put down a revolution) put on weight长胖
put back 放回（原处）；推迟,阻碍（=set back） put up 张贴,搭建;提供膳食
23 make a breakthrough取得突破
24 send satellites into space发射卫星升空 send a manned spaceship to Mars送载人飞船到火星
25 (sth)be aimed at=be designed/intended/meant for 旨在，目的在于，针对
eg,The speech is aimed at promoting the books.
(sb) aim at 目的在于，力争 eg,I aim at (going to )a key university
=I aim to go to a key university.
26 as sb puts it正如某人所说
27 strengthen our friendship/confidence/determination增强我们的友谊，信心，决心
28 battle against/with cancer同癌症抗争
29 by accident = on purpose（deliberately/intentionally） 故意地
have an accident出事故 be killed in an accident在事故中遇难
without accident/incident平安无事 be a pure accident纯属意外 be no accident 绝非偶然
Accidents will happen.意外事故在所难免，天意如此
30 a series of 一系列的 （注意谓语动词通常单数） a TV series一部电视连续剧
eg,There has been a series of car accidents at the crossing.
二 重点句子
1 “That’s one small step for a man,one giant leap for mankind.”(--Neil Armstrong)
2 Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China,it’s likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.
3 ZGC was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and quickly became the leader of China’s hi-tech industry.
4 ZGC made it possible for him to follow his dreams and help the country he loves.
5 ZGC has had a positive effect on business as well as science.
6 One of the mottos for the park is relying on science,technology and knowledge to increase economic power.
7 Great achievements are the results of years of failure,years of hard work.
8 Since the early 1990s,China has been enjoying a boom in scientific and technological development. The success in no accident.
9 In 1995,the Chinese government put forward a plan for “rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education”,(科教兴国)and it has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs.
10 As Yufang puts it: “We are not making that(=so) much money yet,but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in ZGC.
Unit12 fact and fantasy
一 重点短语
1 develop one’s love for热爱 2 make/earn a living谋生
3 spend(time,money)on sth spend (time,money)doing sth花费…做…
4 apply to…for…向…申请…eg,apply to the college for a scholarship
apply…to… 把…应用于…eg,apply technology to production
apply oneself to 专心致力于eg, if you apply yourself to your work,you can make it.
apply to sb/sth对…适用，有效
eg,These rules don’t always apply to every case.这些规则并不适用于所有情况。
eg,What you said doesn’t apply to me. .你所说的并不适合我。
5 remind sb of sth提醒某人某事 联想：inform/warn/rob/cure/convince/assure sb of sth
告知；警告；抢劫；解决，解除（问题）；使信服；使确信，保证
6 lay a foudation of /for…为…奠定，打下（坚实）…基础
eg,lay a solid foundation of my major for my future career为我未来职业打下扎实的专业基础
lay down（weapons/arms）放下 lay off 解雇 lay out 铺开，展开；设计
7 allow/permit doing 允许做… allow/permit sb to do 允许某人做…
反义： forbid/ban/prohibit sth禁止 forbid/ban/prohibit sb from doing禁止某人做
8 make an effort/efforts to do尽力，努力去做 spare no efforts to do不辞辛苦 without effort毫不费力 through one’s efforts通过自身的努力 put a lot of effort into投入大量精力…
9 (sb/sth)turn out (to be)结果是 It turned out that …后来证明是… turn out 生产，产出
turn up 出现turn down 拒绝turn in上呈turn to sb for help = ask sb for help 向某人求助
10 from that day/today/now …on从那天、今天、现在…起
11 have a good/wonderful view of 清楚看到…（view强调从某个角度获得的景观）
eg,We can have a wonderful view of the underwater world through the huge glass window.
(=The huge glass window can give us a wonderful view of the underwater world.)
12 defend/protect/shelter/ensure…from/against…保卫…免受…
13 keep/stop/prevent/discourage..from..doing阻止…做…
14 be dressed in=be wearing穿着 dress sb up 化妆，打扮 dress sth up 美化事物
15 ever since 自…以来一直 eg,He has been living there ever since he left for Australia.
=He left for Australia and he has been living there ever since.
16 keep/hold sb prisoner将某人囚禁 take sb prisoner将某人俘虏
17 go on an adventure去冒险
18 lead sb to do 引导，诱使某人做
19 be drawn into被吸入，被卷入；被牵扯进
eg,Neutral countries（中立国）refuse to be drawn into(=be involved in) the cold war.
20 have a desire for=be eager/anxious for=long for =be dying/desperate for=be hungry/ thirsty for
（极其）渴望获得
desire to do=long to do=be eager/anxious to do/=be dying/desperate to do（非常）渴望做
21 dream of doing梦想做
22 throw/cast light on/upon阐明，解释 come to light曝光
23 attract/draw/catch/capture/get one’s attention吸引某人注意
keep/hold one’s attention on使某人的注意力集中于
eg,It’s difficult to hold students’ attention for more than one hour.
focus/fix one’s attention on（=concentrate on）集中注意力，专心于
eg,I can’t focus my attention on study with so much noise.
distract one’s attention分散某人的注意力
24 hesitate to do迟疑，下不了决心做 without hesitation 毫不犹豫
25 prepare for sth=get prepared for=make preparations for为…作准备
26 It remains to be seen whether/if…是否…还有待看
27 slow down 减速 speed up加速
28 cut up切、剁碎 cut off切断（供应）；隔绝 cut down 砍倒；削价 cut in 插嘴 cut out 删除
29 burn out 燃尽
联想：give out /run out 用完，耗尽 wear out穿破，消磨；疲劳（be worn out =be exhausted）
30 come into collision with 与…相撞/ 冲突 be in collision/conflict 在冲突中
31 Sth need doing / to be done. in need of 需要 in time of need 在需要时
There is no need for sb to do sth.
32 It was long before sth happened…. 费了很长时间才…
It won't be long before sth happens 不用多久…
33 to start with = to begin with 首先 end up with 以…告终 begin with = start with 以…开始
二、重点句子
1. … and it is believed to have been caused by a sea monster. 人们认为这是由于一种海中怪兽造成的。
2 In their efforts to survive,they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself,which turns out to be a submarine.
3 The furniture is precious and huge glass windows that can be opened and closed give a view of the underwater world. 巨大的玻璃窗可以打开、关上，让人看到水下世界。
4 Dressed in diving suits,Captain Nemo and his guests walk around in this magic world.
5 They find themselves surrounded by colorful rocks,fishes,….,all waving and moving slowly in the blue water.(独立主格结构)
6 Their raft is drawn into a fast stream and with ever increasing speed they are shot out of a volcano.他们的筏子被卷进一条湍急的溪流，随着逐渐加快的速度，他们从一座火山中被抛射出来。
7 No human being could have passed a happier childhood than myself.
8 Instead of children’s play and adventure,I was driven by a desire to learn.
9 I decided that I would pioneer a new way,explore unkown powers and unfold (reveal)the deepest mysteries of nature to the world.
10 I read all the books I could find that threw light upon these matters.
Unit 20 Words and expressions
1. curiosity n. 好奇（心）；古玩
be ~ about sb’s past对某人的过去好奇
excite /satisfy one’s curiosity
激起/满足某人的好奇心
He did it out of curiosity他那样做是出于好奇。
It is ~ that she didn’t remember the incident.
奇怪，她竟不记得那事了。
2. decoration n .装饰；装潢; 奖章
put up decorations 挂起装饰物
interior decoration 室内装潢
award/receive a decoration 授予/获得奖章
3. unearth vt. (从地下)发掘；揭露
unearth buried treasure 发掘埋在地下的宝藏
unearth a plot 揭露一个阴谋
4. spear n. 矛；枪；梭镖
throw a spear at 向…掷矛
5. pot n. 罐；锅；壶
a pepper pot 胡椒瓶
wash up pots and pans擦洗炊具
6. emperor n. 皇帝 (empress n. 女皇)
Even the emperor has his poor relatives.
皇帝也有草鞋亲。
7. pin n.（大头）针 ；别针；木棍
vt. 钉住，使固定，使不能动
a drawing pin图钉 a rolling pin 擀面杖
In the accident \he was ~ned under the car.
在这次事故中他被压在车下，动弹不得。
I ~ my hopes on him. 我对他抱有信心。
The map was ~ned up 那幅地图被钉在墙上。
8. clothing n.（总称）衣服；服装
put on/take off clothing穿上/脱下衣服
summer clothing 夏装
tailor-made clothing 定做的衣服
ready-to-wear clothing现成的衣服
an article of clothing 一件衣服
9. earring n.耳环
a pair of earrings 一副耳环
wear a ring 戴戒指
10. distinction n. 差别；对比；杰出
make a distinction区分；分清
an artist of distinction杰出的艺术家
11. centimeter n.厘米(cm)
1 kilometer=1000meters
1meter=100centimeters
12. clay n.粘土；泥土
a mass of clay.一堆泥土
Make clay into bricks.把泥土制成砖块
13. arrow n. 箭
Bow and arrow弓和箭
Guard against a hidden arrow.谨防暗箭。
The arrow found its mark.箭射中了目标.
14. dozen n. （一）打；十二个
(与数词或many, several等连用时,不加s )
two (many, several) dozen pencils
两(好多,几)打铅笔
dozens of 几十,许多
for dozens of years 好几十年以来
pack in dozens 成打地包装
sell by the dozen 论打出售
15. cushion n. 垫石；垫子；坐垫
vt. 缓和...的冲击
air cushion气垫
kneel on the cushion跪在跪垫上
Snow cushioned my fall.
因为下面是雪,所以我跌得不重。
16. weapon n.武器
chemical /chemical weapon化学/核武器
a weapon of defense防御武器，
test a new weapon试验一件新武器
carry weapons 携带武器
17. pottery n.（总称）陶器
Chinese pottery中国陶器
A potter is making pottery by hand.
陶器匠正用手做陶器.
18. spare adj.备用的；额外的; 多余的
v.节约, 节省, 不伤害, 宽恕
a spare tire 备用轮胎
What would you like doing in your spare time?
在闲暇的时候,你喜欢干什么？
Can you spare me just a few minutes
He doesn't spare himself.他律己甚严。
I have several spare ticket.我还富余几张票。
Please spare me my life. 请饶我一命。
spare no efforts 不遗余力
Spare the rod and spoil the child.
[谚]孩子不打不成器。
19. tend vi倾向；趋向; vt.照顾
tend to 朝某方向；趋于;往往会
I (tend to) prefer black tea.我一贯喜欢红茶。
Women tend to live longer than men.
女人往往比男人活得长
The injured were well ~ ed in the hospital.
20. approximately adv.近乎；接近
He is~ forty years old.他快四十岁了。
21. average n.平均（数）
adj.平均的；普通的 vt.平均达到,平均做到
An average of two students are absent each day. 每天平均有两个学生缺席。
He averaged nine hours' work a day.
他平均每天工作九小时。
on(an/the) average平均
above (the) average在平均水平以上
below(the) average 在平均水平以下
22. link n.环；关系；联系vt.连接；联系
key /weak link中心/薄弱环节
establish a ~ between the two countries
在两国间建立联系
~ up theory with practice把理论和实践联系起来
The road links all the new towns.
这条公路连接所有的新城镇。
23. monument n. 纪念碑;纪念物
The monument to the People's Heroes.
人民英雄纪念碑。
His actions are a monument to foolishness.
他的行为是愚蠢的典型例子。
24. homeland n.祖国；国家
We study for our homeland.我们为祖国学习。
25. in terms of用...来; 考虑到; 就…而言;
~ money, he's quite rich, but not ~ happiness.
就钱来说他很富有,但就幸福来说就不然了。
~ technical development就科技发展来讲
26. Payment is made in terms of cash用现金支付status n.地位；身份; 状况
What's your official status in the company?
你在公司里的正式职位是什麽?
Women have very little status in many countries.
在许多国家, 妇女没有什麽地位.
family/ social status家庭状况/社会地位
27. in the eyes of 在…看来
In the eyes of my parents, I'm forever a child.
在我父母的心目中,我永远是个孩子。
28. remote adj.偏远的；久远的；
in a remote village在一个偏僻的村庄里
in the remote past在久远的过去
Go to the ~ mountain areas到偏僻的山区去
29. distant adj.遥远的; 冷淡的,
The sun is distant from the earth.
太阳距地球很遥远。
She's always very distant with Ann.
她对安妮总是很冷淡。
30. lend a hand 帮助
Please ~ with my book.请帮我拿一下书。
31. site n. 遗址;地方 Banpo Site半坡遗址
32. quantity n.量； 数量
a quantity of +单/复数谓语
quantities of +复数谓语
There is a large quantity of milk.
A quantity of baskets were on sale.
Quantities of food/books were on the table
33. serve as 作为；当作
serve as a teacher 教课；担任教师工作
These views serve as a guide in life.
这些观点可以作为处世指南。
34. mask n.面具
Painting mask脸谱; a gas mask.防毒面具
35. dig up 挖出；掘起; 发现
dig up potatoes挖土豆
36. accompany vt.陪伴；陪同
I accompany you home.我陪你回家。
37. vast adj.巨大的；庞大的
vast plains广袤的草原。画
He has a vast appetite.他胃囗很大。
38. square adj.平方的；正方形的
n. 正方形; 广场 【数】平方,
city square城市广场 draw a square画正方形
64 is the square of 8.六十四是八的平方。
39. investigation n.调查研究
general investigation普查
The ~ into the accident was carried out by two policemen.两名警察对这一事故展开调查。
Unit11 Words and phrases
1.solar adj. 太阳的, 日光的
solar cell 太阳能电池
solar energy/system太阳能/系
2.leap v.& n.跳, 跳越, 跳跃
Look before you leap.三思而后行。
leap at the chance抓住时机
He crossed the garden in three leaps.
他跳三步就跨过了花园。
3.mankind n. 人类, 男性, 男子
liberation of mankind人类解放
Disease is an enemy of mankind.
疾病是人类的敌人。
4.constitution n. 组织,宪法,体格
the constitution of starch 淀粉的组成
British constitution英国宪法
have a good/ poor constitution. 体质好/差
5.man v. 操纵,为...配备人手
man ten ships. 给10艘船配备人员
as one man 一致
the man in the street 一般人
man of one's word 信守诺言的人
6. support vt. 支持, 支撑, 赡养
life support生命保障
be supported by one’s parents由父母供养.
Which football team do you support?
你支持哪个足球队？
7. daily a. 每日的n. 日报ad. 每日,天天
daily life/ necessities 日常生活 /必需品
China Daily《中国日报》。
write to sb. daily. 每天给..写信
8.achieve v.达到,实现
achieve one's purpose/aim 达到目的
achieve success/ victory 获得成功/胜利
It takes hard work to achieve success.
成功需要努力。
9.likely a. 可能的,有希望的ad. 很可能
a likely story 可能是真实的故事
I'm likely to be very busy tomorrow.
It is very likely that I’ll be busy tomorrow.
明天我可能很忙。
Me? Join the army? Not likely! 我?参军?没门儿!
10.Zone. n. 地带, 区域,
vt. 环绕, 使分成地带 vi. 分成区
war(battle) zone/ a business zone战区/商业区
smokeless zone 禁止吸烟区coastal zone海岸带; North Temperate zone北温带
The U.S. and Canada are zoned for postal delivery.美国和加拿大划分了邮区。
11. private a. 私人的n. 士兵
private teacher家庭教师 private school 私立学校
I'm not going to tell you about it; it's private.
我不打算把此事告诉你; 这是私事.
The news came through private channels.
消息是私下[小道儿]传出来的。
in private 秘密地[的]; 私下地[的]
Can I speak to you in private?
我可以私下同你谈谈吗？
12. institute n. 学会, 学院, 协会
vt. 创立, 开始, 制定,
an art institute 艺术学院
a designing institute 设计院
He graduated from a foreign language institute.
他毕业于一所外语学院。
13.grasp vt.& n. 抓住, 抓紧, 掌握, 领会
Grasp all, lose all.贪多必失。
have a good grasp of 深刻了解
I grasped the main point of the speech.
我领会了这篇演讲的要点。
14.master. n. 主人, 大师, 硕士, (男)教师
adj. 主人的, 熟练的, 高明的, 主要的
vt. 征服, 控制, 精通
the master of the house 房主
masters in literature.文学大师
a Master of Science. 理科硕士
She learned to master her anger.
她学会了控制自己不发火。
It's not easy to master a foreign language.
掌握一门外语并不容易。
15. perfect adj. 完美的, 理想的,
vt. 使完美, 修改, 使熟练
perfect weather 极好的天气perfect yellow 纯黄色
be perfect in English 精通英语
Practice [Use] makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
They worked hard to perfect their dance.
他们卖力地使舞蹈更加完美。
16.arrange vt. 安排, 筹备, 整理, 布置
arrange a time and place定好时间和地点
arrange for 安排, 准备
Arrange the books把书整理好
arrange the flowers in the vase把花在花瓶里插好
I've arranged with him about feeding the cats.
我已和他商量妥喂猫的事.( 与某人商定某事)
They arranged to meet at 7 o'clock.
他们约好7点钟见.
17.set foot in v. 到达，进入，踏上
He hardly ever sets foot in the city.
他几乎从不进城来。
18.have an effect on/upon对……产生影响
Smoking has a bad effect on you.
19.rely on 依靠，信赖，指望
You can rely on her word.你可以相信她的话。
Don't rely on going to India.别指望到印度。
20.failure n. 失败, 失败者,
Crop failure欠收（农业）
failure of electricity 停电
the failure of memory 记忆力减退
F~is the mother of success.失败为成功之母。
21.come to life vi. 苏醒过来，活跃起来
In a few minutes Tom suddenly came to life.
一小会儿汤姆突然苏醒过来。
With his friends he really comes to life.
他跟朋友在一起很活跃.
22.valley n. (山)谷, 流域
the Yangtze/ Changjiang valley 长江流域
A lonesome valley.荒凉的山谷
23.base n. 底部, 基础, 根据地,
A bottle has a flat base.瓶子有一个平的底
Many languages have Latin as their base.
许多语言都以拉丁语为基础。
One should always base one's opinions on facts. 意见应以事实为根据。
25.mark n. 标志, 分数, 痕迹, 记号
vt. 做标记于, 打分数, 标志
put a mark 做记号 a question mark问号
a man of mark 一个有影响的人, 著名的人
He got 90 marks for Chinese.他汉语考了90分。
He leaves his mark on everyone he teaches.
他给每一个所教的人留下了印象。
He fired but missed the mark.
他开枪射击却没击中目标。
Bless the mark! 不要见怪
hit the mark 打中目标, (发言)中肯,
mother's mark 胎志, 黑痣
He marked the floor with chalk.
他用粉笔在地板上作记号。
The invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.
计算机的发明标志着一个新时代的开始。
26．agency n. 代理,代理处
a tourist agency. 旅行社
a reporter from Xinhua agency. 一名新华社记者
27.organ n.器官, 风琴,机构,
organs of smell 嗅觉器官 state organ国家机构
He plays the organ in church. 他在教堂弹奏风琴.
28.forword ad.& a 向前地; v. 转交,运送n.前锋
Move forward 往前走
He is forward in his English.他的英语有进步。
Please forward my mail to my new address.
请把我的信件转到我的新地址。
Put forward提出
~a idea/ a theory/a plan提出主意/理论/计划.
29.breakthough n. 突破
have/ made/ achieve a breakthrough in
在…方面取得突破
30.march n. &vi. 行军,进军
The march of time.时间的推移
To the rear, march! 向后转走！
Athletes march in. 运动员进场。
Science is on the march.科学正在进步中。
31.aim n. 目标,对准v. 对准目标,打算
achieve the aim达到目的
His aim is uncertain.他的目标不明确.
You aim too high.你太好高鹜远了
aim at 旨在，瞄准
He aimed (his gun) at the target and fired
他（用枪）瞄准目标开火.
She's aiming at (ie trying to win) a scholarship.
她争取获得奖学金.
32.announce 宣布，宣告
announce a football game on TV.
在电视上给一场足球赛作播音
announce the winner/the news
宣布胜利者的名字/消息。
Footsteps announced his return.
听到脚步声，就知道他回来了。
33.evolution n. 进化, 发展,
the evolution of a story 故事情节的发展
study the evolution of man 研究人类的进化
34.battle.n. 战役(大规模会战), 战争
vi. 作战, 战斗, 搏斗, 斗争
battle with/ against与...战斗
fall/ be killed in battle 阵亡
They died in battle.
他们在战斗中牺牲。
The two fighters battled for half an hour.
两个拳击手战斗了半小时。
1．Compare a Chinese festival with a festival from another country.
把中国的一个节日同另一个国家的节日进行比较。
①compare…with…把……与……相比。如：
It is necessary to compare English with Chinese in English study.
学英语时有必要把英语和汉语进行比较。
②compare A to B除表达“把A和B做比较外”，更常表达“把A比作B，把A比喻成B”。如：
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亚把世界比作一个大舞台。
注意：compared to和compared with通常可以通用，用作句子状语，可以放在句首，也可放在句末，意为“与……相比”，“与……比起来”。如：
It was a small place then compared to/with what it is now.
和现在比起来，那时它还是一个小地方。
Compared to/with many people, she was indeed lucky.
和许多人相比，她确实幸运。
2．If you don’t know of any festivals from other countries, you can ask your teacher for ideas.
如果你不了解他国的任何节日，可以向老师请教。
①know of意为“听说过，知道有”，指间接从别人那里听说而了解到，后接人时只表示知道有这个人的存在。
know意为“认识、知道”，指认识某人，知道有事，是对某人、某事直接的了解和认识，后接人时表示认识此人。
know about也可表达间接地了解或知道，意为“了解”，“知道……的情况”。后接人时表示了解此人。如：
To know everything is to know nothing.样样通，样样松。
I know of a shop where you can get things like that.
我知道有一家商店可以买到这类东西。
I happened to know about him.我正好了解他的一些情况。
②ask sb. for…请求某人做某事，向某人要某物。如：
You can ask me for help whenever necessary.
不论何时需要，你都可以向我求助。
The little child is always asking his father for money.
那小孩总不断地向他父亲要钱。
注意：ask for sth.意为“要得到某物；ask for sb.意为“找某人，要见某人”。如：
He sat down and asked for a cup of coffee.
他坐下来要了一杯咖啡。
Somebody is asking for you.有人要见你。
3．People celebrate Mardi Gras by dressing up in costumes.
人们穿上盛装，庆祝油腻的礼拜二。
①dress up穿上盛装，打扮。如：
You don’t need to dress up for this dinner.
这次去吃饭你不必穿正式的服装。
I don’t want to go to their wedding because I hate dressing up.
我不想去参加他们的婚礼，因为我讨厌打扮。
dress up后面接in，表示“穿……服装打扮”；接as，表示“打扮成……”。例如：
I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing.
我只是喜欢穿古装的那种情趣。
The little girl dressed herself up as an angle.
这个小女孩打扮成一个天使。
另外，我们常用be dressed in表示“穿……”。例如：
She is always dressed in white.
她总是穿白色的服装。
②celebrate与congratulate的辨析
celebrate表达“庆祝、祝贺”之意，限于用事，如节日、胜利、结婚纪念、生日等。是指以仪式、典礼等活动庆祝令人欢乐的事或日子。
congratulate指对人进行祝贺，常构成短语congratulate sb. on sth.表达“为某事而祝贺某人”。
4．Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African-Americans.
Kwanzaa是一个七天的节日，庆祝非裔美国人的文化历史。
①seven-day是一个复合词，起形容词作用。注意day不用复数。又如：
the tenth five-year plan第十个五年计划；
a two-hour drive开车两小时
②句中的celebrating…是现在分词短语，作后置定语，其意思相当于which celebrates…类似结构的句子在文章中还有，如：The week following Christmas Day.
5．…，many African-American families get together to greet the new year and think about the past.
…，很多非裔的美国家庭聚集在一起迎接新年，回味过去的岁月。
get together常指非正式地“聚会；联欢”，不及物动词短语，后面可接动词不定式或相应的介词短语作状语。例如：
It’s a long time since I got together with her.
我好久没有和她见面了。
The students of these four classes got together for an English evening.
这四个班的学生在一起开了一次英语晚会。
6．The African first fruit festivals had many things in common.
非洲人最初的收获节有许多共同之处。
in common意为“共有的”、“共同的”，通常用于构成以下短语：
have…in common(with…)和某人有……共同之处
in common with…和……一样。如：
They found they had a lot in common and got on well.
他们两人发现有很多共同之处，说得很投机。
In common with many other boys, he is into computer games.
同很多其他男孩一样，他迷恋电脑游戏。
注意：在have…in common with…结构中，have之后可用表程度的代词，如：something, nothing, a lot, a little, little等。例如：
I have nothing in common with you.
我与你没有一点共同之处。
7．People would get together to celebrate their harvest; they used to give thanks for their harvests and for life…
人们聚会欢庆收获，对收成和人生表示感恩，……
would是情态动词，表示“过去常常……”常与often, frequently, sometimes, for hours等连用。如：
When I was a child, I would often go skiing.
我小时候常去滑雪。
used to与would的辨析
used to表过去持续的状态或情况，客观地陈述相当期间的规则行为。其含义是现在动作或习惯已不存在，不能与表一段时间的状语连用，但可跟状态性动词。
would表过去不大规则的行为，常与often, sometimes, frequently, for hours等词连用，但不与表状态的动词连用。如：
He used to be a worker.（√）
He would be a worker.（×）
There used to be an old temple on the hill.( 从前山上有座庙。)
She would sit there for hours doing nothing at all.
她总是一连几个小时坐在那儿，什么也不做。
8．The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as the new year.
这些节日是纪念历史文化的方式和庆祝新年的一种方法。
①注意句中的history, culture前不用冠词。一般来说，表示概念性或学科性的抽象名词前不用冠词。但如果带有限制性的后置修饰成分，应该使用定冠词。
比较：American history和the history of America.
②as well as表示“与……一样好”，其中的well是副词。此处是并列连词，意思是“不但……而且”。as well as后可以跟名词、代词、形容词、介词和从句等。当其并列两个主语时，谓语动词与前者保持人称和数的一致。例如：
The girl is lively as well as healthy.（连接两个表语）
这女孩既健康又活泼。
He wants a pen as well as a pencil.（连接两个宾语）
The teacher as well as all the students enjoys English classes.（连接两个主语）
9．We have to build our own lives, think for ourselves and speak for ourselves.
我们必须创建自己的生活，为我们自己而思考，为我们自己而宣传。
for oneself意思为“亲自、独自”“为自己”。
oneself可和不同介词搭配构成不同短语：
by oneself= alone独自地、单独地
of oneself自动地
in oneself本身，本来
to oneself专对，专为……单独所有
come to oneself苏醒，恢复意识
be oneself身体/头脑正常，行动自然
10．We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.
我们必须尽力使我们的社区更好、更美丽。
as…as we can是一个比较状语从句，意思为“尽可能 ，尽力”，相当于as…as possible, to make our community better and more beautiful是不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。
注意：情态动词can, could和不定式不属于同一个意群。由例句可以看出，不定式为主句的一部分，作目的状语；而can, could为状语从句谓语动词的一部分，其后已承前省略了动词原形，所以不要再把can, could与不定式混同为“情态动词后接动词原形”。如：
I’ll do as much as I can to help him.我将尽我所能来帮助他。
（can之后已省略动词原形do，to help him作目的状语）
11．We should believe in our family, our people, our teachers and our leaders.
我们应该信任我们的家人，我们的人民，我们的老师，以及我们的领导。
believe in常见的有三种含义：
①信任（某人）He is an honest man . I believe in him.
②信仰I believe in God.我信仰上帝。
③相信……的价值或用处He believes in getting plenty of exercise.
他相信多做运动必有好处。
12．Creating a new festival may seem an unusual way to celebrate history and culture, but we are in fact all creating new festivals every year.
创立一个新节日，也许看起来像一种不同寻常的庆祝历史和文化的方式，但实际上我们每年都在创立新的节日。
creating a new festival为动名词短语，在句中作主语。动名词短语同不定式、从句一样，在句中作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。
13．Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little……
每次庆祝节日都会有一点儿变化，……
each time在这里是名词短语作连词，引导一个时间状语从句。再如：
Each time I saw him, he was busy with his work.
14．Many festivals around the world are celebrated around the same time.
世界上许多节日大约都在同一时间庆祝。
注意：第一个around相当于in，第二个around相当于at about
15．Our ancestor celebrated the birth of a son or a daughter by giving away red eggs.
give away在这里的意思为“赠送”“捐献”。它还可作“分发（奖品）”；“失去或错过（机会）”；“泄露”如：
He has given away all his money to the beggar.
他把所有的钱都送给乞丐了。
It is said that the headmaster will give away the prizes to the sportsmen.
据说校长将给运动员颁奖。
He gave away the chance of going abroad because of his sick wife.
因为他生病的妻子，他放弃了出国的机会。
16．The festival celebrates both the living and the dead.
这节日既庆祝生者也颂死者。
the living意为“活着的人们”，the dead意为“死去的人们”，两者均属于“the +形容词”表一类人，是一个复数概念。在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。如：
The sick are being taken good care of.病人得到精心的护理。
The old老年人
17．It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life.
这不是悲伤的日子，而是一个庆祝生命轮回的时刻。
not…but…意为“不是……，而是……”，句中连接两个表语。not…but…连接两个平行成分，当连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数按“就近原则”。
Not he but you are wanted on the telephone.来电话找的是你不是他。
He does not work but play all day.
I am not a student but a teacher.
18．Our friends will play tricks on us and try to fool us, If a person takes in, he or she is called “April Fool!”
我们的朋友就会捉弄我们，试图骗过我们。只要一个人中了圈套，他或她就被叫做“愚人”。
①play a trick on sb.或play tricks on sb.意为“捉弄某人，开某人玩笑”
It is acceptable to play tricks on your friends on April 1st.
四月一日那天，同朋友们开玩笑是可以接受的。
②take in在此处作“欺骗”解。如：
Don’t let yourself be taken in by his tricks.
不要让他的花招蒙骗了你。
She is ready to believe others so she is easy to take in.
她轻易就相信别人的话所以她容易上当。
词汇必备
单词：
false, blood, persuade, defenseless, Illness, sex, proper, available, discourage, recover, specialist, meaningful, stranger, fierce, strength, prevention, bleed, drownwire, container, electrical, scream, witness, calm, slight, chest, wound, blanket, bite, explanation,
词组：
die of, suffer from, cheer up, on the contrary, for the moment, free from, first aid, catch fire, keep in mind, in honor of, roll over, all of a sudden, in case of, a list of, live with, as with, upside down, become infected, break down, spit out
要点点拨
1. In , there were 42 million people living with HIV/AIDS in the world. 在, 全球有42,000,000 个艾滋病毒携带者/病人。
live with 接受，容忍，患有
You’ll have to learn to live with it, I’m afraid. 我看,你得学会接受这种现实。
You’ve lost all your money; now you must learn to live with the situation.你已经丢了所有的钱，现在你必须接受现实了。
其它有关live 的短语
live by 靠…为生
live for 为…而活; 企盼
live on 靠吃…而生活;靠(收入,别人的钱)生活
live through 经历
live up to 按…行事, 使行为…和相符，不辜负…的希望
The man lives by selling vegetables.那个人靠卖菜为生。
They live for nothing but pleasure. 他们活着只是为了寻欢作乐。
He lives for the day when he can retire and grow roses. 他企盼可以退休种花的日子。
People in the south live on rice while people in the north live on wheat. 南方人以大米为主食,而北方人以小麦为主食。
He and his family live on $20 a week. 他和家人每周靠20美元为生。
He has lived through two wars and three revolutions. 他经历过两次大战和三次革命。
WTO won’t live up to its name if it doesn’t include a country with such a large population 如果不能如此把一个人口大国包括进去, 世贸组织就名不符实。
2. …try to persuade the other group members that your problem is the most serious one. 努力说服小组成员你提出的问题是最严峻的。
persuade vt. 意为“说服、劝服”
常见句型有:
persuade sb 说服某人
persuade sb of sth 说服某人相信某事
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事
persuade sb that… 说服某人
He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to.尽管她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。
He’s easily persuaded. 他这人好说话。
We are persuaded of the justice of the case. 我们确信案件的审理是公正的。
How can I persuade you that I am sincere? 怎样才能使你相信我是真心实意的?
How can we persuade him into joining us? 怎么才能说服他参加我们的活动呢?
注意persuade强调已成功说服某人, 如果结果是没有说服，可用try to persuade sb. to do sth.. 或advise sb. to do sth. 意为“劝说某人做某事”。
We tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but failed. 我们试图劝他戒烟,但没成功.
3. AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system… 艾滋病毒是一种破坏人体免疫系统的病毒。
break构成的动词短语：
break down 分解，（身体、精神等）垮掉, （机器）出故障
break up 打碎, 结束, 分解, 驱散
break into (vt.) 强行闯入
break in (vi.) 强行进入，打断
break through 做出重大发现/突破
break off 中断, 折断, 突然停止, 脱落,
The old car broke down again on the way to work, so he had to walk there. 那辆旧车在 上班路上又抛锚了,我们只好步行去那里。
I broke up the candy and gave each child a small piece. 我把巧克力掰开,分给每个孩子一块。
This week we have had the house broken into by thieves. 这礼拜有贼闯入了我家。
It is natural that after many years rocks are broken down into dirt. 许多年后岩石被分解成尘土, 这是很自然的事。
Someone broke in and stole some valuable things. 有人闯进来,偷走了一些值钱的东西。
Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家们认为他们开始在抗癌的领域将有所突破。
4. Most people who have AIDS manage to survive only a few years. 许多艾滋病人只能设法再活两年。
Xiaohua is trying to change this … 小华正努力改变这个(人们的这种想法)
注意短语:
manage to do sth. 意为“努力地做某事”，强调已成功地做成某事。
try to do sth./ attempt to do sth./seek to do sth 意思是 “试图去做某事，但是不一定成功”。
The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. 这位飞行员设法绕气球飞了一阵。
At first, no ready technical data were available, but we managed to go without. 起初,我们没有现成的技术资料,但也设法干下去了。
He managed to avoid an accident. 他设法避免了一个事故。
The boys attempted to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents. 男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。
He sought to make peace. 他企图讲和。
5. The disease is spreading fast in Africa and parts of Asia, mainly because of a lack of proper health care, prevention and education. 这种疾病在非洲和部分亚洲地区迅速传播, 主要 是因为缺乏适当的医疗保健,预防措施和教育。
lack n.欠缺，不足 ，v. 缺少……，( 对 ) ……不充裕
There is no lack of vegetable. 不缺蔬菜。
Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than what we have done. 由于时间不够，我们只能做到这样。
The plants died through/for lack of water. 那些植物由于缺水而死掉了。
We still lack the necessary information. 我们仍缺少必要的信息。
She lacked the experience to get the job. 她缺乏做那份工作的经验。
be lacking in… 缺乏(某种品质,特点等)
Is she lacking in courage? 她缺乏勇气吗?
short adj.（常与of连用）短缺的，缺乏的；不足的
We are short of men. 我们缺少人手。
Are you short of money? 你缺钱用吗？
I'm a bit short of funds. 我手头钱不多了。
6. As with most diseases and disaster, the young suffer the most. 就像大多数疾病或灾难一样,最容易遭殃的是年轻人。
as with 相当于as it is the same with… “像…的情况一样”
As with hiking, you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes when doing rock climbing.. 像徒步旅行一样, 攀岩的时候，你总是要考虑到安全问题, 穿合适的衣服。
As with drawing a picture, you should be careful and patient in doing this job. 像画画一样, 做这项工作时,你要仔细,要有耐心。
As with many other things, it’s up to you to decide whether it is worth doing. 像其他事情一样, 由你决定这事是否值得做。
7. I now think of my cancer as a gift. 我现在把癌症看作是一个礼物。
think of…as… 把…看作是…
You mustn’t think of me as being unhappy. 你千万不要以为我不幸福。
I have long thought of it as the most attractive village in England. 长期以来, 我一直把它看作是英格兰最迷人的小村子。
具有类似意思的词组还有:
regard…as…/consider…as…/ look on…as…/ see…as…/
view…as…/treat…as…/count…as…/have…as…/ take…as…/
accept…as…
Don’t treat me as a little child. 不要把我当成小孩子。
Considered to be the symbol of the city, the sculpture has been well preserved. 这个雕像被看作是城市的标志, 受到了很好的保护。
8. Seconds count in an emergency. 紧急状况下, 分分秒秒都很重要。
count v. 数; 计算, 清点; 认为,看作; 有价值, 重要；
to count from 1 to 100 从1数到100
Six people are on the ship, counting (including) a kid. 船上有6人, 包括一个小孩。
Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched. 不要高兴得太早。
He counted himself fortunate to have such an opportunity. 他认为自己真是幸运能得到这么一个机会。
Every second counts. 每一秒钟都很重要。
count on = rely on= depend on 依靠
You can always count on Fred in any emergency. 你可以在紧急情况下求助Fred。
I think we can count on him to support us. 我觉得我们可以依靠他来帮助于我们。
Don’t count on the weather being fine. 不要指望天气会晴了。.
9. The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.
处理紧急情况时, 要记住最重要的一点是保持冷静。
1)注意比较still, quiet, silent 和 calm
still 静止不动的
quiet 安静的
silent不出声的，不说话的
calm平静的，沉着的，镇定的
The sea was calm and still. 大海风平浪静。
Keep still while I comb your hair. 我给你梳头时，请不要动。
Mr. Smart wants to live a quiet life in the countryside after retirement. Smart先生期望退休后能在乡下过安静的生活。
Everyone was silent as the president announced the winner of the competition. “当校长宣布竞赛的获胜者时,全场静悄悄的。
calm v. （常与down连用） 使安静
The nurse calmed the little boy by giving him some candy. 保育员给那小男孩一些糖果,使他安静下来了。
It was difficult to calm down the football fans. 要使球迷们平静下来是很困难的。
2) 注意比较:
keep… in mind = bear… in mind 意思是 “记住, 牢记”
have … in mind 意思是 “想到, 考虑”
Who do you have in mind for the job? 你想到让谁做这份工作?
Keep it in mind that success depends on diligence. 记住成功依赖于勤奋。
10. We can also prepare for an emergency by learning more about first aid. 通过了解更多的急救知识,我们就可以对紧急情况做到有备无患。
有关prepare的短语：
prepare sth. 准备，调制.
prepare for sth. 为……做准备
prepare sb. for sth 使……为……做准备
prepare to do sth. 准备做
be prepared for sth. 为…做好准备（准备好的状态）
be prepared to do sth. 已准备好做…（准备好的状态）
in preparation for sth. 在为……做准备
make preparations for sth. 为……做准备
What special food do people often prepare for the Spring Festival? 人们通常为春节准备那些特殊的食物?
They are preparing to hold a party. 他们正在准备举办一个晚会。
We’re prepared for the difficulties we will face. 对将要面临的困难我们已有准备。
Beijing is in preparation for /making preparations for the Olympics. 北京正在为奥运会做准备。
11. We can do a lot of good by simply asking “Are you all right?” 我们只要问一句 “你没事吧?” 就可以帮大忙。
good n. 好, 好事, 慷慨的行为, 好处, 利益
to do good all one's life 一生做好事
I'm telling you this for your good. 我告诉你这件事是为你好。
It’ no good my arguing with you. 和你争论没有任何好处。
Her holiday has done her good/done good to her. 假期对她很有好处。
He has gone for good/ for ever. 他永远离开了。
12. …let him or her know that help is on the way. 让他/她知道援助就要来了。
表示 “即将…”的短语有:
on the /one’s way ; around the corner; in store; at hand; be coming; draw near
Don’t worry! Help is on the way. 别担心! 援助就要来了。
A big storm is around the corner/in store/at hand. 暴风雨即将来临了。
May Day is coming/drawing near. “五一”马上就要到了。
注意比较:
He is on his way to visit a friend. 他在去看望朋友的路上.
He is on his way to becoming a super star. 他即将成为明星.
难点突破
例题一 ---- Can you come to attend our party tonight?
---- Sorry. But I do wish I ____.
A. had B. can C. should D. could
答案: D
wish +宾语从句=if only + 从句,表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“要是……就好了”, “悔不该……”, “但愿……”等.
表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;
表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would/could/might +动词原形”;
表示过去不能实现的愿望时用“had +过去分词”
I wish it were spring all the year round. 我希望一年到头都是春天.
I wish you could go with us. 我希望你能和我们一起去.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 我们要是早两个小时到就好了.
练习：
1. How I wish it ____! If it ____ in a few days, the crops would be saved.
A. will rain; rained B. would rain; should rain
C. should rain; rains D. would rain; had rained
2. I wish that I ____ with you last night.
A. went B. had gone C. could go D. could have gone
3. If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
4.If only I ____ my time when I was young.
A. didn’t waste B. shouldn’t have wasted
C. wouldn’t have wasted D. hadn’t wasted
5. ____ it would stop snowing!
A. If only B. Only if C. Even if D. But for
答案：BBCDA
例题二 After the accident, the police ____ to help the wounded people.
A. called on B. called at C. was called in D. were called in
答案：D。此题主要考查call构成的动词短语：
call at +地点 访问
call on/upon sb 号召, 拜访
call in 召集, 召来
call up 召唤, 使想起, 打电话给
call for 要求，需要，去接某人
call off 取消
call back “召回，回电话，收回处理”
练习：用适当的介词填空：
1. The factory called the laid-off workers ____.
A. on B. at C. back D. for
2. His sister types in a foreign firm and I know that kind of job calls ____
carefulness and patience.
A. for B. in C. on D. off
3. The flight were called ____ because of the bad weather.
A. for B. in C. on D. off
4. These stories can call ____ old times.
A. for B. off C. on D. up
5. The factory had to call ____ a specialist to help them with the technical problems.
A. for B. off C. in D. up
答案：CADDC
实战演习
本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。共150分。考试时间120分钟。
第I卷 (两部分，共95分)
第一部分：英语知识运用 （共三节，满分50分）
第一节： 语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。
1.move A. rule B. cook C. notebook D. store
2. great A. measure B. treat C. play D. heaven
3. machine A. research B. technique C. Asia D. March
4. atmosphere A. declare B. admire C. research D. fierce
5. language A. dangerous B. anxious C. none D. twentieth
第二节：单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
6. “______ are you to leave your post,” commanded the boss.
A. In any case B. In no case C. In that case D. In case of
7. Do everything step by step and don’t _____ off more than you can chew.
A. bite B. take C eat D knock
8. The last of the nineteenth century ______ the steady improvement in the means of travel.
A. has witnessed B. was witnessed C. witnessed D. had witnessed
9. After the bullet was taken out of the soldier’s arm, the doctor began to bandage the _____.
A. cut B. wound C. injury D. burn
10. ----I’d like to book a room for tonight.
----Sorry, sir, but we don’t have any room ______ at the moment.
A. suitable B. comfortable C. available D. usable
11. Tom is on the way _____ the most highly paid man in the company.
A. of becoming B. to become C. to becoming D. into becoming
12. His words were _____ out by loud cheers from the crowd.
A. covered B. drowned C. wiped D. carried
13. If the safety precautions against the accidents ______, the miners ______ a chance of surviving then.
A. were taken; had B. were taken; would have
C. had been taken; didn’t have D. had been taken; would have had
14. ----______ the window, my finger was cut unfortunately.
----I’m sorry to hear that.
A. Having cleaned B. To clean C. While cleaning D. While I was cleaning
15. He tried hard to get some information out of her mouth, but she just remained ______.
A. quiet B. calm C. still D. silent
16. ----When did you buy this nice MP3?
----Sorry, I can’t remember the date I bought it ______.
A. at that moment B. for a moment C. in a moment D. for the moment
17. Who do you think will take _____ office next month and become ______ president of that country?
A. a; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; a
18. It was during the 1920’s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached _____ highest point.
A. their B. its C. his D. out
19. ----I was riding along the street and, all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
----You can never be _____ careful in the street.
A. much B. very C. so D. too
20. ----What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
----I had just finished my work and ______ to take a shower.
A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting
第三节：完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-40各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
The word “blog” gets its name from adding the “b” from “web” to the word “log”. It’s basically an online diary---- one that any one can read 21 visiting your personal blog site. Free blog programs and personal blog sites are 22 blogs a popular trend.
Designing and owning a personal blog site may seem complicated. It’s a good thing that blog programs are user-friendly. Bloggers can decide on the look of their Web site by choosing __23 pre-designed blog templates（模板）. 24 the color, or adding pictures to the chosen template allows a site to reflect the blogger’s personality.
Each time a new blog entry is written, it can be seen 25 with the click of a button. Blogs are an easy and 26 way to share 27 with friends.
The popularity of blogs in 28 years has changed the way people record their thoughts. Writing in a diary and hiding it under your bed is considered 29 .
__30 personal thoughts and opinions on the Internet is the 31 trend. Many people write about their daily activities or personal thoughts in their blogs. Others give their opinions on 32 Web sites and 33 the related web links. Almost all blogs contain a section __34 readers can leave their remarks for all to see.
Blogs provide a fresh new way 35 individuals to express themselves. Many people write blogs 36 they want to be heard and 37 ---- by anyone who will listen. Other people use blogs as way to vent（发泄）.
Sometimes, bloggers reveal（展露）thoughts that should probably be kept private. Bloggers aren’t always aware that those they write about 38 read their blogs. Anonymous(匿名的) nick names, 39 , give bloggers the liberty to vent without dealing with the results.
Would you like to put your 40 thoughts on a blog for the whole world to read?
21. A. on B. from C. by D. in
22. A. being making B. making C. made D. to make
23. A. to B. on C. from D. for
24. A. Changing B. Copying C. Writing D. Talking
25. A. immediately B. slowly C. specially D. quick
26. A. bad B. fast C. well D. slow
27. A. minds B. view C. idea D. thoughts
28. A. recent B. last C. later D. coming
29. A. on date B. to date C. up to date D. out of date
30. A. Published B. Publishing C. To publish D. Being published
31. A. old B. future C. past D. new
32. A. variety B. a variety C. variety of D. various
33. A. provide B. made C. supply D. write
34. A. when B. that C. which D. where
35. A. for B. to C. on D. with
36. A. though B. but C. and D. because
37. A. understood B. to understand C. understanding D. be understood
38. A. must B. need C. should D. might
39. A. whatever B. whenever C. whichever D. however
40. A. public B. personal C. excellent D. grand
第二部分：阅读理解（共25小题。第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题1分；满分45分）
第一节：短文理解（共20题，每小题2分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-40 各题所给的四个选项（A,B,C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Today many people want adventure when they go on holiday; they want a challenge and excitement. But there are other more important elements they look for in their holidays. The main one is that they want to feel a sense of achievement from their holiday. That is why growing numbers of today’s holidaymakers are turning to eco-tourism.
Travelers who choose eco-tourism can contribute to the environment rather than destroy it; and there are more and more projects to choose from. In Antigua(安提瓜岛), guests help the endangered loggerhead turtles by covering up their tracks against predators. In Boston, USA visitors work with the Museum of Science to create a Science Park. In Egypt, eco-tourists join in a “Green Program” for planting trees, bushes and flowers.
The most selfless eco-tourism projects can be found in England. One organization offers tourists eco-work from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm and warns them that, although the work is very rewarding, it can also be demanding! People who are lucky enough to find a place on holiday are involved in productive projects, such as clearing paths, preserving plants. Sometimes the work is heavy, like cutting down weeds and rebuilding stonewalls. It’s rewarding, though! One visitor was challenged to provide a stream crossing, to connect pathways on both sides. After several days’ hard effort and determination from her and the rest of the group, there was a footbridge in place which they were able to cross. At the end of a week’s holiday, they all stood on the bridge to have their photo taken above the stream. It was a great achievement, and a big ‘plus’ for the environment.
41. What do people want to find from their holiday?
A. excitement B. achievement C. challenge D. all the above
42. Which of the following is not true, according to the passage?
A. A number of today’s holidaymakers like eco-tourism.
B. In Boston, American visitors work with the Museum of Science to create a Science Park.
C. In Egypt, guests help the endangered loggerhead turtles by covering up their tracks against predator.
D. In Egypt, eco-tourists join in a “Green Program” for planting trees, bushes and flowers.
43. One visitor was challenged to provide a stream crossing because_______________.
A. he wants to take a picture above the stream.
B. he wants to prove that he is very strong.
C. he wants to get rewards.
D. he wants to feel a sense of achievement.
B
Loose robes（长袍） with big sleeves. High collars and long skirts. It's not a scene in a TV drama. Tying up their hair and putting on the cotton shoes, about 60 young people gathered in a Beijing tea house Monday to perform traditional dances, music and poetry readings.
The event was set up by Haanen.com, a non-governmental organization founded in . It has more than 24,000 registered members worldwide. They all love traditional Chinese culture and believe that recovering the Han costume is the best way to show love for China. Active members are mostly in their 20s or 30s.
Chen Ye, a 19-year-old member said it made her feel down that Koreans have hanbok（传统韩服） and Japanese have kimono（和服） while Chinese don't have a typical traditional dress.
”Most people may think the cheongsam（旗袍）could be a symbol, but I don't think so,“ said Chen, from Capital University of Business and Economics。
Chen said Han costume is the one for China. It is the traditional dress of Han nationality. It had been worn for thousands of years before it died out at the end of Ming Dynasty.
This is not the group's first activity. In the past two years, some of the members have dressed up in traditional clothes and visited sights in the downtown areas of many Chinese cities. It helps raise people's awareness of traditional Chinese culture.
Gu Xiaoming, history professor with Fudan University, said the trend is an attempt to hold on to traditional identities in a changing world. ”It's a youth movement perhaps springing up against the background of globalization.“
44. Which is not a characteristic of traditional dress?
A. loose robes with big sleeves B. loose robes with small sleeves
C. high collars D. long skirts
45. Which of the following is not the reason why these people hold activities?
A. They all love traditional Chinese culture
B. They want to raise people’s awareness of traditional Chinese culture
C. They want to show their love for China
D. They want to fight against globalization
46. From his words, We knew Chen Ye was very __________.
A. angry B. satisfied C. disappointed D. surprised
47. Which statement is true, according to this passage?
A. The organization has 24,000 registered members worldwide in total.
B. Chen Ye thinks the cheongsam could be a symbol of traditional Chinese dress.
C. This performance is the group's first activity.
D. This activity can help people remember traditional Chinese culture.
48. Professor Gu Xiaoming’s words towards this activity mean__________.
A. This activity will be stopped soon.
B. This activity will go on.
C. This activity is a setback..
D. This activity changed the world.
C
WHERE TO STAY IN SHUIYUAN YOUR GUIDE TO OUR BEST HOTELS
Name /Address No.of Rooms Single Double Special Attractions
JUNHAO HOTEL
55 Zhongshan ROAD
Tel. 58577446 150 $20 $40 Air-conditioned rooms, TaiPei restaurant, Night-club,
Swimming-pool, Coffee shop, TV and radio in each room
FLY HOTEL
321 Heping ROAD
Tel.57888888 100 $15 $30 Close to airport, Telephone in each room, Bar, Swimming pool
HAIYUE HOTEL
77 North ROAD
Tel. 27665658 100 $18 $20 Close to the city center, Coffee shop, Dry-cleaning, Shops, Night club
HUANGGUANG HOTEL
58 Anping ROAD
Tel. 39345577 150 $50 $80 Air-conditioned, rooms, Japanese and Chinese restaurants, Swimming pool, Large garden, Kitchen in each room
49. What is the number of the rooms in the best hotels in Shuiyuan altogether?
A. 400 B. 150 C. 100 D. 500
50. If a traveler likes to eat in TaiPei restaurant, which of the following is the right place for him to go to?
A. 321 Heping ROAD B. 55 Zhongshan ROAD
C. 77 North ROAD D. 58 Anping ROAD
51. Tom made a appointment with Mary in the Coffee shop of his hotel, so Tom may live in __________.
A. JUNHAO HOTEL B. FLY HOTEL
C. HAIYUE HOTEL D. JUNHAO HOTEL or HAIYUE HOTEL
52. Which of the following is not true?
A. You can call 39345577 to book a room with a kitchen.
B. You should pay $160 for a double room for 2 days in the HUANGGUANG HOTEL
C. You can swim in all hotels but HAIYUE HOTEL
D. HUANGGUAN HOTEL can wash clothes for travelers.
D
Yesterday, Super Girl, the TV program which lasted half a year and received an incredible audience rating, finished, finally. Honestly, all that I knew about Super Girl came from Cindy who started to pay attention to this act at the very beginning. At first, I just did not like the way the judgments acted and the unprofessional singers. However, after I watched the lattermost(排在最后的) two plays, I changed my mind. It seemed that the girls all made a great progress during the time. Now, they sang pretty better and they were much smarter than before. They have been growing up.
Today, visiting the websites, I read many pieces of news about Super Girl. Several agents show their interests in Zhang Liangying and super girls will hold a series of vocal（声乐的） concerts in different cities in this October. I hope Zhang Liangying could persist in her own style. Many singers, for example, Su Rui and Zhang Huimei, started from pub by singing beautiful English songs, but after a while, they changed into Chinese songs to cater for all the tastes. What a pity they abandoned their original styles! On the other hand, Li Yuchun has a totally different color that no singer has by far. She is so charming before the lights that no one can help applauding her. Although she is a little laddish（稚气的）now, I believe she will succeed if she keeps singing and dancing. It should be noticed that she is the first person in this manner.
Walking on the street, I always hear two or three people talking about Super Girl. These days, my friends are all rushing at their own businesses, like hunting for a job, struggling on living, applying for a further education overseas, or pursuing a love. Facing the difficulties, Super Girl gives us two gold coins: confidence and courage. whether there are audiences or not, they still sing out loud.
53. “Super girl” was held from ________ to ________.
A. April; June B. January; September C. January; October D. April; September
54. According to this passage, which statement is not true?
A. “Super girl” is a TV program which lasted six months.
B. The girls will hold a series of vocal concerts in many cities in this October.
C. Although Li Yuchun gave us a wonderful performance, no one applaud for her.
D. Although “Super girl” is finished, many people are talking about it.
55. The underlined words in paragraph 2 mean____________.
A. to like all kinds of delicious food B. to meet audience’s wants or needs
C. to meet one’s own wants or needs D. all of above
56. What can you infer from this passage?
A. The writer appreciated all “Super girl” plays.
B. Most people don’t like “Super girl”.
C. Zhang Liangying likes to sing beautiful English songs.
D. Li Yuchun is veteran before the lights.
57. What is the writer’s attitude to “Super girl”?
A. It is a TV program which is useless to young people.
B. It is a TV program which can help any young people to become superstars.
C. It is a TV program which can make people talk about it forever.
D. It is a TV program in which young singers are both confident and courageous.
E
Beijing plans to build huge free or low-cost parking lots beyond the Fourth and Fifth Ring Roads to encourage more car owners to take buses or subways to the downtown area.
The plan is just one of the many measures the city plans to take to reduce its traffic congestions(拥塞) as the 2008 Summer Olympic Games draw near. Low or no parking fees would be used as economic leverage(经济杠杆) to reduce growing parking demands from urban areas.
Car owners living in the suburbs will be encouraged to park their cars beyond the Fourth and Fifth Ring Roads and take buses or subways to the downtown area. Statistics show that nearly one quarter of the city’s traffic flow is concentrated in the 62-square-kilometre downtown area within the Second Ring Road, which makes up only 12 per cent of the city’s total area.
The Beijing Traffic Management Bureau, receives between 400 and 500 calls reporting traffic jams every day and more than 90 per cent of the roads are filled to capacity during rush hour every morning and evening. Part of the problem is the lack of easy links between bus routes, subways and cars.
According to the communication commission, half of the city’s investment(投资) in transportation will go towards public transit construction in the next few years, marking a jump from the current only 20 per cent. Moreover, Beijing plans to change its layout(布局) by building new city centers, such as at Yizhuang, Tongzhou, Shunyi and Changping, in a bid to reduce the traffic flow to the downtown.
The current layout of Beijing, expanded ring roads around the same center of the Forbidden City, is seen as the root cause of the endless traffic jams.
The downtown area is crowded with three business centers and one financial center, as well as nearly 400 government organs and institutions.
Traffic experts say building more urban centers around Beijing may reduce the number of residents living in the suburbs who travel long distances to work downtown every day, thus reducing traffic flows.
58. In the coming years, if a man beyond the Fourth Ring Road goes to work in the downtown of Beijing, he is encouraged to _____.
A. drive there directly
B. take a taxi
C. take buses or subways
D. park his car in a place which asks for no fees
59. According to the passage, while more and more people drive to work in rush hour in Beijing, it is likely to _____.
A. cause traffic accidents B. cause traffic jams
C. save time D. reduce air pollution
60. The passage suggests the author _____.
A. is tired of driving to work
B. is for the plan to reduce Beijing’s traffic congestions
C. finds it costs less to take subways than to drive
D. has benefited a lot by driving to the downtown every day
第五节：完成对话 （共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
( John and his friend are looking for a new apartment.)
Friend: We hear that there’s an apartment here for rent.
Clerk: Right. I’ll show it to you. ___61____
John: OK. How many rooms are there?
Clerk: Three, this one and two bedrooms.
Friend: ____62_____ But it’s pretty small, isn’t it, John?
John: Well, there’s just us, so it would be all right. Where’s the kitchen?
Clerk: ____63____
John: That’s gas stove, isn’t it?
Clerk: That’s right. And here is the refrigerator.
Friend: Oh, it is pretty old, ____64____
Clerk: But it’s still in good condition. Now here’s the bathroom.
John: Not bad. How much is the rent?
Clerk: Three hundred a month.
Friend: Three hundred! For a little apartment like this?
Clerk: Actually, that’s quite reasonable, it’s in a fairly nice block and it’s not far from the supermarket.
John: Thank you.____65_____
A. That’s all right.
B. Let me see.
C. The view isn’t bad.
D. Here you are.
E. We’ll look around a little first.
F. This way, please.
G. I would say.
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共55分）
第三部分：写作（共三节，满分55分）
第一节：单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，在句中的横线上写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空只写一词）
66. He _________（说服）me out the idea of dropping the experiment.
67. The little boy is not m________ enough to be given much responsibility.
68. The head teacher has make a few minor ________(调整) to our seats.
69. Even today can you imagine some children in Africa are s________ to death?
70. Running up stairs very fast made him b_________.
71. The news that our task was fulfilled on time was a great ________(满足) to us all.
72. The ________ (每年的)death rate in the US is 11 per 1000..
73. The children are e_______ for the Spring Festival to come.
74. Eventually the church ________(承认) that the earth was round.
75. Exercise in the open air is ________(有益的) to the health.
第二节： 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5，满分15分）
此题要求改正所给错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：
该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），在该行右边横线上写出该词。该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改.
Meanwhile we can see people hunt or killed other animals 76.___________
for fun or for food: Some animals which shouldn’t have lived 77.___________
in their own worlds– the seas, the forests, the rivers and 78.___________
the grassland are kept in zoos or households. They’re kept pets. 79.___________
Some animals like cattle, horses and camels are forcing to work 80.___________
for humans, and given only the remains of the grain or 81.___________
leftover food to be eat. Some animals like rabbits, pigs are 82.___________
hunted or kept or killed for food. These animals have no right 83.___________
of their own to survive. Which we know, once the bird flu happens 84.___________
on one place, all the chickens and ducks and geese 85.___________
there have no hope to escape the fortune of being killed.
第三节： 书面表达（满分30分）
Cosplay 是英文costume play的缩写。中文译为“角色扮演”。一般是指借穿着特定的服饰来扮演动画，漫画以及游戏中的某些人物，而扮演这些人物的人，我们称为“costplayer”。假如你是一名costplayer，你将会选择哪个动漫人物来扮演呢？为什么（人物可以从以下提示中选择，也可以选择自己喜欢的其他人物。）字数：120左右
Micky Mouse（米老鼠） Hello Kitty（Kitty猫） Donald Duck（唐老鸭） Snow White（白雪公主）
参考答案
1－5ACCDB 6－10 BACBC 11－15 CBDDD 16－20 DBBDD 21－25 CBCAA
26－30 BDADB 31－35 DDADA 36－40 DADDB 41－45 DCDBD
46－50 CDBDB 51－55 DDDCB 56－60 CDCBB 61－65 DBFGE
66. persuaded 67. mature 68. adjustments 69. starving 70. breathless
71. satisfaction 72. annual 73. eager 74. acknowledged 75. beneficial
76. killed改为kill 77. shouldn’t改为should 78. ∨ 79. pets前加as 80. forcing改为forced 81. and改为but 82. 去掉be 83. right改为rights 84. Which改为As 85. on 改为in
书面表达
One possible version:
Cosplay is a new trend nowadays. I would prefer to play Micky Mouse who is my favorite cartoon character. He is so lovely that I was deeply impressed the first time I saw him when I was still a little kid. The lovely face has given me a lot of happiness especially when I was depressed. I have some friends who are also interested in Micky Mouse so whenever one of them feels sad, I always give him a Micky Mouse to make them happy. It not only brings much delight just like the bright sunshine does but also improves our friendship. There are pictures and toys of Micky Mouse in my house, which even arise interests of my parents in this little guy. That’s why Micky Mouse is my first choice for a cosplay.
1．I think that vegetables are healthy food because they contain lots of vitamins.
我认为蔬菜是不错的食品，因为它们含有大量维生素。
contain用作及物动词，意为“包含；包括；容纳（不用进行时）；控制，抑制”。如：
What does the medicine contain, mum? 妈妈，这药含有什么成分？
Sea water contains salt. 海水含有盐分。
The hall can contain five hundred people. 大厅可容纳500人。（=hold）
She couldn’t contain herself for joy. 她高兴地难以自制。
contain与include辨析
contain指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。
include侧重于作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去。
How much does this bottle contain? 这个瓶子能装多少？
Books contain knowledge. 书籍蕴含知识。
Everyone here took part in the fight against the flood, including old people. 这里所有的人，包括老人，都参加了抗洪斗争。
Everybody had something to say, me included. 所有的人，包括我在内，都有些话要说。
2．What’s wrong with Mike? 麦克怎么了？
本句中的wrong也可换成the matter或the trouble，意为“麻烦事，毛病，差错”，常与介词with连用。如：
What’s wrong/ the matter/ the trouble with your leg?
你的腿怎么啦？
相关句式
There’s nothing wrong/ the matter with the machine. 这机器没毛病。
Something must have gone wrong with your watch. 你的表肯定有毛病了。
注意：在宾语从句中，what’s wrong/ the matter的语序不能改。如：
I asked him what was wrong/ the matter.
3．Which side of Mike’s stomach hurts? 麦克的胃部哪边痛？
hurt在本句中用作不及物动词，意为“疼”。如：
My arm hurts. 我胳膊疼。
Does your leg still hurt? 你的腿还疼吗？
hurt还可作为及物动词。如：
The wound still hurts him. 他仍然感到伤口疼。
hurt, harm, wound与injure的辨析
hurt常指精神上或肉体上的伤害，含有强烈的疼痛。
harm指对人或事物造成危害，这种危害不一定直接的，也不一定有痛楚。
wound通常指外界暴力造成创伤，多指枪、刀伤害，也可指感情上的伤害。
injure着重指健康、机能、外貌的伤害或损害，多指意外或事故造成伤害。
His words hurt me/ my feelings. 他的话伤了我/我的感情。
He fell and hurt his leg. 他掉下来伤了腿。
Smoking seriously harmed his health. 吸烟严重伤害了他的健康。
He got wounded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤。
Several children were injured in the accident. 好几个孩子在那次事故中受伤。
4．I’ve got a pain here. 我这儿疼。
pain的用法
①表示身体某部位的疼时，为可数名词。如：
She has a pain in her back/ leg/ head. 她背（腿、头）疼。
②表示由损伤或疾疾引起的痛苦、疼痛时，为不可数名词。如：
Her back causes her a lot of pain. 她的背使她很疼。
③表示精神上的痛苦时，为不可数名词。如：
His harsh words caused her much pain. 他尖刻的话使她很痛苦。
④表示“努力、辛苦、操心”时，只用复数形式。如：
She takes great pains with her work. 她在工作上煞费苦心。
5．For lunch I had noodles, salad and later a peach. I didn’t have any supper because I didn’t feel very well.
午饭我吃了面条、沙拉，然后又吃了一个桃子。我因为感到不舒服所以晚饭没吃东西。
①for lunch中的for是介词，构成固定结构have…for…如：
What did you have for breakfast?
He had nothing for supper.
②feel very well中的well不是副词，而是形容词，意为“健康的”。如：
She is well in health. 她身体很健康。
6．Was the peach ripe or green? You ought to be careful with fruit.
桃子熟不熟？吃水果你该小心。
①句子中的green作“没有成熟的”解，是ripe（成熟的）反义词。例如：
The cherries are still too green to pick. 这些樱桃还太生，不能摘。
另外，green还可以表示“对环境无害的”，如阅读材料中第3段第6行的句子：…（who）have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods（尽量使用绿色干净的方式制作食品）。
green也可意为“无经验的，没有受过训练的”。如：
He is still green at this job. 他对这件工作还很生疏。
②be careful with fruit = be careful in eating fruit意为“吃水果时小心”。
7．It was a bit green. 它有点生。
①a bit和a little在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级，可以换用。表示“一点儿”。如：
The speaker spoke up a bit/ a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演讲者把嗓音提高一点，以便使别人听得清楚。
②a bit和a little在否定句中，意思正好相反。
not a bit=not at all
not a little=very much
试比较：I’m not a bit tired. 我一点也不累。
I’m not a little tired. 我非常累。
③a little可直接作名词的定语，而a bit则要在后面加of构成短语才能作定语，二者都只能修饰不可数名词。如：
There’s only a little/ a bit of food left for lunch. 午餐只剩一点儿食品了。
注意：a bit of的复数是bits of，而a little不能变复数。
8．And I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in the future.
我建议你将来不要吃不熟的水果。
1）advise意为“建议，忠告，劝告”，常用于下面五种结构：
①advise+n./ pron.
②advise sb.（not）to do sth.
③advise doing sth.
④advise sb. against（doing）sth.
⑤advise sb. +that sb.（should）do sth. （从句中用should do的虚拟语气）
The doctor advises a change of air. 医生建议换换空气。
The doctor advised me to take more exercise. 医生建议我多做运动。
We advised waiting till the proper time. 我们建议等待适当的时机。
His parents advised him against (doing) wrong. 他父母告诫他不要做坏事。
I advised him that he (should) attend the meeting. 我劝他参加这次会议。
advice是advise的名词形式，它是一个不可数名词。常用于：give（some）
advice on sth./ how to do…；ask for advice; follow/ take sb’s advice等。
2）in the future作“将来”（in time yet to come）解。
试比较in future作“今后”（from now on）解。例如：
You’d better not go out alone in future. 今后你最好不要单独外出。
No one knows what will happen in the future. 没人知道将来会发生什么事情。
9．Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.
选择吃什么东西不再像以前那么容易了。
What to do是疑问词+不定式的结构，在句中作宾语，另外这一结构也可作主语、表语、定语等。如：
①what to do next hasn’t been decided yet.（主语）
②I don’t know whether to answer it.（宾语）
③The question is how to put it into practice.（表语）
问题是如何把它付诸实践。
④They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect.
关于应当选谁的问题，他们交换了意见。（介词短语）
⑤The key with which to open the door has been lost.
开这扇门的钥匙不见了。（定语）
注意：这种结构含有情态意义，它相当于一个带should的从句。如第②题I don’t know whether I should answer it.
10．Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life, and the fuel we need for our bodies is also different.
像我们的生活方式一样，我们的饮食习惯已发生了变化，我们身体所需要的燃料也不同了。
as在句中引起方式状语从句，此处采用了省略形式，并且是倒装结构，若改用正常语序则为as our way of life has changed。
as引起的方式状语从句中一般采用正常语序，但在正式语体中，也可采用倒装语序。如：
She plays the piano, as does her mother. 她和她母亲一样，会弹钢琴。
She looks forward, as does her secretary, to the completion of the building. 她像她秘书那样盼望大楼竣工。
11．Traditional diets often have too much fat and too many calories for the 21st century person.
对于21世纪的人来说，传统饮食常常含有太多的脂肪和太多的卡路里。
①diet与food的区别：diet和food都可作“食物”解。但diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食。food是一般的词语，凡能吃喝的东西都可称为food。如：
The doctor has ordered me a special diet. 医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。
Proper diet and exercise are both important for health.
Milk is the natural food for young babies.
②too much与too many的区别
too much可以作形容词，修饰不可数名词，也可用作副词，修饰动词。例如：
There is too much rain here in spring. 春天这里的雨水太多。
She talked too much at the meeting. 她在会上讲得太多了。
too many可作形容词，修饰可数名词。
③calorie=calory卡路里或卡，指食物所产生的热量，也可以作热量单位。例如：
One thin piece of bread has 90 calories. 一薄片面包有九十卡路里的热量。
12．If you want to keep up with the high pace of modern life, we had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat.
要是我们想跟上现代生活的快节奏，我们最好在吃的东西和吃的方式上学会做出合适的选择。
keep up with意为“跟上，不落后于”，表示并肩前进，并驾齐驱。如：
John finds it difficult to keep up with the rest of the class in maths.
约翰发现在数学方面很难跟上班里的其他同学。
Can you walk a little slower? I can’t keep up with you.
你能走慢一点吗？我跟不上你。
catch up with 是指在已经落后的情况下“追上，赶上”。如：
He was behind in his studies because of illness, but he is catching up with the others now.
他因为生病学习落后了，但现在正在奋起直追。
13．Calcium, which is found in eggs, milk and other dairy products, is good for our bones and teeth.
鸡蛋、牛奶及其他乳制品所含的钙对我们的骨骼和牙齿有好处。
①be good for意为“对……有好处”（反义短语为be bad for）如：
Walking is good for our health.
Milk is good for children. 牛奶对孩子有好处。
②product指任何体力劳动或脑力劳动所生产的东西，含义最广，是可数名词。
production指生产的动作或产量，也指生产的结果，还特指艺术作品。
produce作名词时，指农产品、天然产物或工业产品的总称，是不可数名词。
They must have new markets for their products. 他们的产品必须得有新市场。
The plan was the product of many hours of careful thought.
这个计划是经过数小时深思熟虑的产物。
The factory was built for the production of cars.
建造这家工厂是为了生产汽车。
Production is up this month. 这个月产量增长了。
Several new productions will appear on Broadway this month.
这个月要在百老汇上演好几部新作品。
The farmers brought their produce to town early each morning.
农民们每天清早把他们的农产品带到城里。
14．Many people today make choices about their eating habits based on what they believe.
今天，许多人基于他们自己的看法对饮食习惯做出选择。
based on what they believe是过去分词短语作状语，修饰主句谓语。如：
We’ll spend the night locked in your room.
我们要反锁在你的房间里度过这一夜。
15．Eating habits become part of who we are.
饮食习惯成为我们的一部分特征。
part of who we are表明饮食习惯在一定程度上反映出我们是什么样的人，也就是说，通过饮食习惯可以看出一个人的一些特点。
16．We also make choices based on how the products are grown or made: environmentally friendly foods, or “eco-foods”, are made by companies who have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods.
我们也根据产品的种植与加工手段做出选择：绿色食品或“生态食品”是由那些尽量使用绿色或干净的办法生产出的。
①based on how the products are grown or made是过去分词短语作方式状语，how引起宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。who have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods是定语从句修饰companies，此处who表示公司里的人，若用which则表示公司这一地方。
②foods表示各种各样的食品，所以用了复数，若单纯表示数量，则food是不可数名词。
17．Because we have so much to choose from, many companies and stores offer advice about what we should eat.
因为我们有这么多东西可以选择，许多公司和商店都对我们该吃什么提出建议。
to choose from是后置定语，修饰so much，构成动宾关系。
choose与choose from的辨析
choose意为“选中”，“选出”
choose from意为“从……中挑选”，from后接选择的范围
Have you chosen a hat yet? 你选了帽子了吗？
There’re different kinds of toys to choose from.
18．The same goes for “crash diets” that some companies say will make us lose weight fast.
有些公司建议我们用来快速减肥的“速成食疗”也是如此。
①go在本句中意为“行得通，起作用”。再如：
This truth goes everywhere. 这个真理到处适用。
go也可意为“流传；表达”。如：
As the saying goes, a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
俗话说，双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
②some companies say是定语从句中的插入语，这种插入语应位于关系代词之后。如：
Choose the one answer which you think is correct in the following.
在下列句子里选择一个你认为正确的答案。
19．We ought to learn more about our body and the fuel it needs to keep fit. Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
对于我们的身体以及身体所需要的燃料我们应多加了解。只有这样我们才能做好充分准备，以应对生活中的挑战与机遇。
①it needs是定语从句，修饰fuel；so that引起目的状语从句。
②be well prepared for=be ready for意为“为……做好充分准备”，表示一种状态，be若换成get则表示动作，不延续。如：
We are well prepared for the exam now. 现在我们已为考试做好了充分准备。
Have you got prepared for the sports meet?
比较：be preparing for意为“在为……做准备”。如：
Bob is preparing for the exam. 鲍勃正为考试做准备。
When I’m preparing for my performance, I don’t like to be interrupted.
我正为表演做准备时，不喜欢被别人打扰。
③only后面跟介词短语，作状语时，引起部分倒装。
20．If our body is short of any of its kind, we will become sick.
如果我们的身体缺乏任何这一类物质，我们就会生病。
be short of作“缺乏，不足”解。例如：
They are short of nothing but time. 他们不缺任何东西只缺时间。
21．Even if we choose nutritious food for our main meals, we probably still need to refuel now and then.
即使我们选择营养食品作为我们的主餐，我们有时可能仍需要补充燃料。
①even if=even though意为“即使”。如：
He will come even if he is ill. 即使病了，他也会来的。
Even if they offered to pay, I wouldn’t accept any money from them.
即使他们主动提出付款，我也不会收他们的钱的。
②now and then意为“有时（不时地），偶尔”，表示不经常发生（sometimes，but not often）如：
I see him now and then, but not often. 我偶尔看见他，但不常见。
I like to go to the opera now and then. 我有时喜欢去看歌剧。
22．We can give our body and brain more energy by eating snacks.
通过小吃我们可以给我们的身体和大脑提供更多的能量。
①brain表示“大脑、头脑”时，既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，如：
He’s nice, but hasn’t got much brain. 他人不错，但没大有头脑。
The man has a fine brain. 这人脑子很好用。
brain表示“头脑、智慧”时常用brains，此时为不可数名词。如：
Brains is more than just education. 有头脑不仅指受过教育。
He has much brains. 他很有头脑。
23．Best of all, they taste great!
最棒的是，它们味道好极了！
best of all意为“最好的是，最突出的是”。如：
Best of all, the medicine can help you sleep.
最佳的是，这药对你的睡眠有帮助作用。
24．Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are-all we have to do is clean or peel them.
多数水果本身就是甜的，我们可以不用加工就吃--所有要做的是就是洗净、去皮。
①the way they are中的they are是定语从句，the way后接定语从句时，一般用in which引导，也可以省略，也可换成that。如：
These are some of the ways in which they can be used.
He doesn’t speak the way (that) I do. 他说话方式不像我。
②all we have to do is clean and peel them中clean and peel是省去to的动词不定式，当主语部分含有实义动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略to。如：
The only thing I can do is lie in bed. 我唯一能做的就是躺在床上。
What you should have done was press the button.
你本该做到的就是按下这个按钮。
1.allow for 顾及，考虑到
[举例]
It will take you half an hour to ge to the station, allowing for traffic delays.
把路上的耽搁算进去，你要用半小时才能到车站。
We must start early, to allow for finding their house.
我们必须早点动身，考虑到我们还要寻找他们的家。
We should allow for every possible delay.我们必须考虑到任何可能的延误。
Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and also try ”impossible“ or “crazy” solutions.
发明家常常重新定义一个问题为创造性的解决方案做准备，同时也偿试“不可能的”或“疯狂的”解决方式。
[联想]
allow sb. to do sth允许某人做某事 allow (doing) sth允许(做)某事 allow that承认
My parents don't allow me to stay out late. 我父母不允许我在外呆的太晚。
We don't allow smoking here.我们不允许在这儿吸烟。
I allow that he is a able man.我承认他是一个能干的人。
2. reject vt.拒绝；排斥；抛弃
[举例]
He rejected my suggestion.他拒绝了我们建议。
If people are unkind to a person, then the person will feel rejected.
如果人们对一个人不支好，这个人就会有一种被排斥感。
Choose the good apples and reject the bad ones.拣出好苹果，丢掉烂苹果。
[拓展]
rejection c.n. 拒绝
I have had so many rejections I've stopped offering to help her.
被拒绝了很多次，我现在已不再主动提出帮助她了。
3. get/be stuck 遇到困难，陷进去
[举例]
He got stuck in the mud.他陷进泥里了。
His finger got stuck in the hole.他的手指卡在洞里了。
We were stuck in a traffic jam for an hour.我们因交通阻塞而受阻了一个小时。
I got stuck on the second question.我在第二个问题上卡住了。
If the bank won't lend us the money, we'll really be stuck.
如果银行不借钱给我们，我们就真的麻烦了。
[拓展] get stuck on 非常喜欢 get stuck with 与不喜欢的人在一起 get stuck in(to) 开始积极地做 某事
[举例]
The students are really stuck on their new teacher.
学生们非常喜欢他们的新老师。
I am stuck with the naughty boy for the whole day.我一整天都让那个淘气的小男孩缠住了。
He got completely stuck into that book you gave him; we could hardly get him to say a word!
他完全被你给他的那本书迷住了，一句话也不话。
4.break away from 摆脱，脱离
[举例]
The pickpocket broke away from the policeman who had been holding his arm.
那个小偷从警察手里挣脱逃跑了。
He broke away from the organization in .他在与那个组织脱离了关系。
[拓展]
break away 断开；剪掉（树枝等） broke down 捣毁，镇压，（机械等）出故障，（计划等）受挫 break into 强行进入，破门而入 break off 折断，断绝关系，中断 break out （战争，火灾等）突然发生，爆发 break up 粉碎，结束，与某人分手
5. otherwise (adv)不同地，另外地: (conj.)否则，要不然; (adj.)不同的，别样的
[举例]
He seems to thinks otherwise.
他似乎有其它的想法。
You must work hard, otherwise you will fail the exam.
你必须努力学习，否则你将考试失败。
Some are creative, some are otherwise.
有些人有创造力，有些人则不然。
I don’t care whether he is rich or otherwise.
我不在意他富不富。
[知识归纳]
(1). otherwise做形容词用时通常置于系动词后作表语
(2). or otherwise或相反，或用别的方法
6. be aware of 知道，意识到
He wasn't aware of the danger.他没有意识到危险。
He said that the government was acutely aware of the problem.
他说政府非常清楚这个问题。
[拓展] be aware that/wh
They are well aware that this is a risky investment. (=They are well aware how risky it is.)
他们清楚地知道这是一个有风险的投资。
7. after all 毕竟，终究；别忘了
[举例]
I am so sorry. I can't come after all.对不起，我终究还是不能来。
It's not surprising you've got stomachacher. After all, you've eaten too much.
你的胃疼并不令人惊讶，别忘了，你吃的太多了。
[拓展]after all 作介词短语时，意为“虽然......，但仍然.....“
After all his efforts, he also failed this time.虽然他很努力，便这次还是失败了。
8. keep track of 跟踪，保持联系
[举例]
It's difficult to keep track of all the new ideas and developments in education.
要与教育上的最新思想和发展保持同步是很困难的。
He keeps track of all his old school friends.他与中学时所有的老校友都保持着联系。
[拓展] lose track of 与......失去联系
一 重点短语
1 have a good taste 有品位
have a taste for喜欢（=be fond of ）( 区别：have a preference for偏爱)
2 a piece of furniture/equipment/information/news/advice…n(u.)
3 by design/on purpose:intentionally/deliberately 故意地
4 prefer to do/doing 更喜欢做… eg,I prefer to live/living in a modern flat.
prefer n./doing to n./doing喜欢…而不喜欢…=prefer to do rather than do宁愿…而不愿…
eg,I prefer playing outdoors to watching TV.
=I prefer to play outdoors rather than watch TV.
I would prefer it if….我愿意，我希望…
eg,I would prefer it if you didn’t smoke in front of children.我希望你不要在孩子们面前抽烟。
联想：I would appreciate it if…..如果…，我将不胜感激
eg,I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down.
I hate/don’t like it when…我不喜欢…eg,I hate it when people ask me for money.
5 would rather do=prefer to do/doing would rather(that) sb did/had done…（虚拟）
eg,I would rather you told me right now.我希望你现在就告诉我。
I’d rather I hadn’t met him yesterday.我宁愿昨天没见过他。
6 can’t stand…无法忍受 eg,I can’t stand his rudeness.我无法忍受他的无礼。
eg, I can’t stand to see/seeing such a tragic sight.我不忍看到这副悲惨的景象。
stand the test of time/money 经受住时间，金钱的考验
7 go against 违背，反对 be against反对 / be for/be in favor of赞成
8 be equal to 与相等；胜任，应付 eg,I’m sure that she is quite equal to the task.
9（sth/sb）impress sb 给某人留下印象
eg,The movie impressed a lot of people. 这部电影给很多人留下印象。
She impressed me as a woman of great kindness.在我印象中，她是一位非常仁慈的女性。
be impressed with/by eg,I was deeply impressed by/with his speech.
leave/make a(deep)impression on sb eg,His speech left a deep impression on me.
10 act as 扮演，充当 act out表演出来
act on (sb’s)advice/suggestion/orders 依照某人的意见，命令办事
11 be the first/second….to do…eg,Who was the first to use e-mail?
12 despite the fact that….尽管，虽然（注意区别despite sth=in spite of sth）
13 inspire sb to do 激励某人做 feel/get inspired 受到激励；获得灵感
14 be filled(up)with=be full of 填充，充满
15 It’s convenient for sb to do…（对某人而言）做…方便
eg,When is it convenient for you to meet me?你什么时候方便见我？
（When are you convenient to meet me?×）
16 A is to B what C is to D A对于B 正如C 对于D eg,Water is to fish what air is to man.
17 inform sb of sth 告知某人某事 keep sb informed of sth
18 put up(a picture,tent) 张贴，搭建
19 succeed in doing=manage to do(反义：fail to do)成功地做到
20 pull/tear/knock down 拆毁（建筑物）
21 be decorated with 用…装饰
22 set aside 留出，拨出（钱，时间）(save or keep )；把置于一边，不顾(ignore).
eg,You should set aside at least one hour to memorise words.每天抽出至少一小时记单词。
I’ve set aside some money for the journey.我为那趟旅行留了（存了）些钱。
You both should set aside personal feelings 你们双方应该抛开个人感情。
对比：put aside 搁置一旁，停下;(时间，钱)留存起来
eg,Put aside your work and have some fun.
She put aside some money for further studies.
put away 收拾起来；把钱留存起来 eg, Put your toys away.
He had put away lots of money.=set aside=put aside
23 in the neighbourhood在附近地区
二 重点句子
1 Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture.
2 When you look around at buidings,streets,squares and parks,you will find them designed,planned and built in different styles.
3 Both in the choice of materials and shapes of buildings, ancient architectue stands much closer to nature.
4 Looking at the architecture by Gaudi is like a dream,full of fantastic colours and shapes.
5 Despite the fact that he used traditional materials, Guadi was a modern architect.
6 F.L.W,who built an art museum in New York,found himself inspired(激发灵感) by Japanese seashells.
7 Seen from the top,it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.
8 A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.
9 I want you to keep me informed of how things are going with you.
10 These buildings are pulled down after having stood (=having been left) empty without use for many years.
11 Old factory buidings have many halls and workshops of different sizes.
三 语法：过去分词作宾补
例如，1 She heard her name called. 2 I’ve got the paper typed.
3 How do you like the dish cooked? 4 I had my leg broken.
Unit 4 A garden of poems
一 重点短语
1 call up唤起，回忆起；打电话 call on sb/sp拜访某人，某地
call on sb to do号召，要求某人做 call for需要 call off 取消
2 stand for代表 stand for/against支持，维护；反对
eg,Which principle do you stand for?你支持那个原则？
stand out突出，引人注目 stand by 袖手旁观；支持，拥护（某人）
eg,I’ll stand by you whatever happens. stand on one’s own feet/legs独立，自力更生
3 in the absence of sb/sth 某人不在的时候;因为缺乏…(=for lack of )
4 light up 点燃，照亮 eg, A flare lit up the night sky.火焰照亮了夜空。
Suddenly a smile lit up her face.她的脸上忽然绽放出笑容。
(sb’s face or eyes)light up（vi.） （脸上或眼中）流露出喜悦，兴奋
eg,His face lit up with joy. 他的脸上流露出欣喜之色。
5 lead to(=contribute to=give rise to =bring about)导致，促成
6 come into being形成，产生eg,Modern English came into being in the 16th century.
更多：come into+n.表进入某种状态
come into action开始行动 come into effect开始生效 come into office就职
come into /to power当权 come into force开始实施 come into use开始使用
come into fashion开始流行 come into blossom开花…
对比：come about 发生，产生eg,Tell me how the accident came about.
How did it come about that…?事情是怎样发生的？
eg,How did it come about that he dropped out of school?他为什么要辍学？
How come…?（美口语）为何会？eg,How come he dropped out of school?
How is it that…..?什么原因使得…？eg,How is it that he dropped out of school?
7 send for help去请某人帮忙
8 get through 通过，完成，度过，用完
9 in the shade 在阴凉处 pull down the window shade拉下窗帘，百叶窗（blind）
put sb/sth in the shade (idm习语)使相形失色，逊色
eg,I thought I was quite a good artist,but your painting puts mine in the shade.
我原以为自己画的不错，可比起你的画儿来未免相形见绌。
10 by the light of a candle借助烛光
11 recommend sth to sb 把…推荐给某人 recommend sb for sth推荐某人（职位，工作）
recommend doing /that…should do建议做 It’s strongly recommended that…强烈建议
12 look up words in the dictionary查字典 refer to/consult a dictionary
二 重点句子
1 Poems by Du Fu,Li Bai and Wang Wei stand out among others in the halls of glory.
2 Despite its long history,there is a lot of good English poetry around.
3 Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic Poets.（倒装句：表语提前）
（联想：Gone are the days when teachers were looked down upon.）
4 Now matter how well(=However well) a poem is translated, sth of the spirit of the original work is lost.
5 Quietly,we embrace in a world lit up by words
6 In the absence of the teacher, Fang Lan will be in charge..
7 Reading poems takes a bit of work,but it is well worth the effort.
三 语法：过去分词作状语
例如：1 Once it was translated into Chinese,the book became very popular in China.
=Once translated into Chinese,…
2 If we were given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.
=If givern more time,…
3 Although he was left alone at home,Sam didn’t feel afraid at all.
=Although left alone at home,…
一、重点短语
1 be content with sth(=be satisfied with/be pleased with)对…满意
be content to do(=be willing/glad to do)乐意做
2 sustainable development 可持续性发展
3 have/gain (free)access to 可（自由）进入，接触，使用
4 all too often屡次，常常 all of a sudden突然
5 stress the importance of…强调…的重要性
lay/put stress/emphasis on…强调，主张 under great stress经受巨大的压力
6 have responsibility for 对…负有责任 be responsible for
联想： take/undertake responsibility for承担责任 a sense of responsibility责任感
7 there exist(s)…这存在… there seems/appears to be…似乎有，看似有
I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding.我不想有任何差错。
Can you imagine there being a big pleasant surprise for you?
你能想象有一个大的惊喜等着你吗？
8 take action / take measures/take steps
9 live/be in harmony with与…和谐相处 （harmonious adj.）
build a society in harmony with society建立人与自然相和谐的社会
10 put an end to 结束… come to an end到尽头
bring sth to an end 使…结束 make ends meet使收支相抵
eg,They should put an end to that ridiculous war. 他们应该结束那场荒谬的战争。
eg,I wonder how I can bring their dispute to an end. 我不知道如何才能让他们停止纷争。
eg,The meeting came to an end at midnight.会议进行至深夜才结束。
11 wipe out 灭除，扫清 eg,wipe out poverty消灭贫困
wipe sth out from memory把…从记忆中抹去
(sb)be wiped out=be worn out =be tired out=be extremely tired/exhausted筋疲力尽
12 there is a (good )chance that…=It’s likely /probable that… 有可能…
13 draw a conclusion得出结论 sum up 总结，概括
14 replace A with B 用B取代A eg, replace letters with E-mail用邮件取代信件
exchange A for B 用A 调换B eg,exchange dollars for pounds用美元兑换英镑
15 alternative energy 可替代能源 have no alternative（choice）but to do sth.别无选择只能
16 issue(v.)发行;公布 / (n.)eg,问题，议题，争论点；发行，发行物
issue new stamps/coins/shares/magazines发行新邮票，硬币，股票,杂志
issue a statement发表声明 issue an order/warning发布命令，警告
a political/economic issue政治，经济问题 a burning issue急待解决的问题
a new issue of bonds新发行的债券 the latest issue of a magazine杂志的最新一期
17 affect(v.)影响；（疾病）侵袭；感动；
eg, the area affected by the earthquake 受地震影响的地区
The disease is beginning to affect her eyesight.疾病逐渐侵袭她的视力。
be deeply affected by the story 为故事感动
affection(n.)感情，亲情，爱
eg,the affection of parents for their children 父母对儿女的爱
have a great/deep affection for parents对父母有着深厚的感情
affectionate(adj.)充满深情的，亲切的，有爱心的
eg,an affectionate letter一封充满深情的信 an affectionate hug亲切的拥抱
He is very affecionate towards his children.她很爱自己的孩子。
18 advise sb(not)to do=try to persuade sb (not)to do 劝某人做（不）做
二、重点句子
1 One of the main themes of the summit was “sustainable development”,or the question how we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment.
2 Most of the speakers talked about the “big three”--- contaminated drinking water,poor sanitation and air pollution.（被污染的饮用水，卫生状况恶劣，空气污染）
3 Air pollution alone causes almost three million deaths.仅空气污染就导致300万人死亡。
注意：alone 放名词后面表强调，仅仅，只有
eg,The price alone discouraged me .单看价格就让我沮丧。
4 If we are to develop the world successfully,we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.
5 Among the speakers was China’s then Premier Zhu Rongji,（倒装）who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world. 强调平等与公正的必要性
6 Rich countries have responsibility for poor countries and must do whatever they can to help others.
7 With better education,people will be able to build a better society in harmony with nature and perhaps put an end to death and suffering.
8 If poverty is less of a problem and people are better educated,there is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars.如果贫穷不再是问题，人民的教育程度得以提高，就有可能会减少暴力和战争。
三、语法(倒装)
出于语法结构或强调的需要，倒装一般分为两种，全倒和半倒：
一 全倒的情况（谓语提到主语的前面）
1 以 here,there,或out ,in,up,down,away等表示地点，方位的副词开头：
eg, Here comes the bus. Out rushed the children.
Away went the boy. Now comes my turn.
（注意：若主语为代词，则不倒装eg,Here it is./ Away she went.）
2 直接引语放在句首：
eg,”It looks as if a typhoon is coming.” said the captain.
3 地点状语提前：
eg ,On the bench sat a little man who was trembling in the wind.
In New York harbour stands the Statue of Liberty,which is a gift from French.
二 半倒的常见情况（谓语的一部分倒装，通常只助动词提前）：
1 在疑问句中：
eg, How did you find my house?
2 only修饰的状语置于句首：
eg, Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
3 否定副词置于句首：
eg： Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.
eg: Never have I realised that water is so precious.
eg: Not only did he carry me to the hospital,but also kept me company there.
eg : No sooner had he sat down than the telephone rang.
eg : Hardly had the bell rang when the children rushed out of the room.
eg: Under no circumstances(任何情况下都不) will I give in to him.
=in no way/by no means/in no case
4表示前面所说内容也适合后者：
eg , A better understanding of the environment is necessary,as(=so)is the willingness to act.
更好地了解环保是必要的，行动的愿望也是必要的。
eg, Without international cooperation,developing countries can’t prosper,nor will sustainable development be possible.
没有国际合作发展中国家就不可能繁荣，可持续性发展也就不可能实现。
5 if虚拟的省略：
eg, Had I known that air conditioner cause so much pollution,I would never have bought one.
eg ,Were I you, I would do it in a different way.
三 其他情况的倒装：
1主语太长，保持平衡：
eg Gone are the days when teachers are looked down upon.
eg Present at the meeting were representatives from more than 100 coutries as well as some famous performers
2为强调，将表语或状语提前：
eg Greatly loved in China are the English romantic poets.
So bright is the boy that they all love him.
Child as he is,he knows a lot.
Hard as he worked,he still failed.
3 表祝愿的句型：
eg, Long live our friendship! 愿我们的友谊常青！
May you succeed/be successful!
Unit 10 frightening nature
一 重点短语
1 get into a total panic陷入完全的恐慌
2 make one’s hair stand on end使毛骨悚然
3 be scared/frightened/ to death吓死
4 what terrifies/frightens/scares me is that…令我害怕的是
5 draw/attract/catch/capture one’s attention to …吸引某人的注意力
6 at a distance隔开一段距离 in the distance在远处
keep one’s distance from… 与…保持距离，不亲近
eg,keep your distance from that dog.离狗远点
keep sb at a distance疏远某人，不亲近
eg,He likes to keep people at a distance/keep his distance from people.
7 awake/arouse one’s conscience(curiosity,interest,memory)
唤起某人的良知（好奇心，兴趣，回忆）
注意：rise/raise/arise/arouse的区别
8 at hand 在手边，靠近的keep a dictionary (ready) at hand.把词典放在手边
9 find a way out 找到出路
10 urge sb to do 敦促，力劝某人做 注意：urge that.. ..(should) do
11 upon/on one’s arrival/arriving某人一到场
12 pick out挑选出，识别出 区别： make out 看出，听出，辨别出
13 it’s one thing to do ..,another to do.做…是一回事，做…是另外一回事
14(get) on board（登上）飞机，船，火车 go abroad出国
15 knock about (sp)(sb)漫游，游荡某地；虐待某人
16 all of a sudden/all at once突然
17 be done for（口语）被毁掉，完蛋
18 live through历经（并幸存） 比较：go through经过，经历，浏览
get through通过,完成 pull through从（疾病）中恢复；度过难关
19 strike a match划火柴 (想想strike 还有那些意思？)
20.light up点燃 ；容光焕发
21 hold/reach out (one’s hand)for伸手去拿
22 a puff of wind一股风
23 bury one’s head in one’s hands双手蒙脸 bury oneself in=be buried in 埋头于，专心于
联想be buried in/be involved in/be engaged in/be occupied in/be employed in忙于，专心于,从事
24 spot sb doing sth=catch sb doing sth发现某人做 spot one’s potential发现某人的潜质
spot one’s fame/reputation=leave a spot on one’s fame/reputation玷污某人的名誉，声誉
be on the spot 在现场
25 calm (sb)down(使某人)镇定
26 What’s up?怎么了？ It’s up to you to decide it.这件事由你决定。
27 swear to do/that…发誓保证 eg,I swear never to cheat you.
二、重点句子
1 The sight of it awoke(aroused) the scientist in my uncle to go and see it close at hand.
此情景唤起了叔叔身上的科学精神，他要到近处看个究竟。
2 Upon arrival,my uncle hugged pompy and tried to give him courage.
“on／upon + 名词／动名词”可在句中作状语，意为“一……就= as soon as
其他类似表达：（1）the (very) moment (instant，minute，second，etc.)…
(2) instantly；immediately; directly
(3) no sooner...than；hardly/scarcely...when
3 Supported by the two slaves,he stood up,and immediately fell down dead.
4 He looked more asleep than dead.与其说他死了倒不如说他睡着了。
此处意为“与其说…倒不如说..”。如： He was more frightened than angry. 与其说他生气了，倒不如说他是吓坏了。
5 You can pick out the important bits,for it is one thing to write a letter,another to write history.
6 Captain saw a white tower of water advancing towards them.
7 With a tearing crash,tons of water fell upon the deck,as though the ship passed under a waterfall.随着一阵撕裂般的哗啦声，成吨的海水泼向甲板，仿佛轮船驶过了瀑布。
8 The hurricane,with its power to sink ships and to destroy strong walls,had found this little ship in its path.一股具有倒海沉船、摧毁铜墙铁壁般威力的飓风，一路风驰电掣来到小船前。
三、语法（省略）
例如：1 Would you like to come to the party? Yes,I’d love to(come to the party) .
2 Do you want to be a teacher? No, I don’t want to be(a teacher).
3 Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday?
I intended to have(come to the party),but I had something important..
4 If not carefully dealt with,the situation would be worse.
=If the situation is not carefully with,…
一 重点短语
1 break down（机器）坏掉，（人）垮掉，（谈判，计划）失败，分解
联想：break up分散，（关系）破裂 break through 突破break in（vi.）闯入，插嘴
break into（vt.）闯入；突然大哭／大笑 break off中断，折断 break away from摆脱
2 leave sb/sth alone不理会 leave sth behind遗留；留下 leave out 遗漏，漏掉
leave +n.+adj/adv. 使…处于某种状态
eg,He question left me speechless. Don’t leave your work half done.
She left her baby crying. Leave them as they are.
3 defend/protect … against(from)保护…免受…
4 keep sb/sth alive让…生存，保留下来 come alive活跃起来
5 cure sb of sth 治愈某人的疾病；改掉某人的恶习
eg,Moving to the countryside cured her of asthma.搬到乡下他的哮喘就好了。
eg,The painful lesson cured him of the bad habit of drinking and driving.
那次惨痛的教训根除了他酒后驾车的坏毛病。
6 be infected with/contract disease感染疾病 transmit/spread disease传播疾病
(feelings)infect sb情绪感染某人eg,Her enthusiasm infected the whole class.
7 blood transfusion输血
8 because of a lack of/for lack of/in the absence of 因为缺乏
9 as with/as is the case with/in common with同…一样
10 the+adj.表示一类人：the young(=young people) ,the rich（富人）,the poor（穷人）
the dead（死者）,the living,（生者）,the accused(被告)
表示抽象化事物：the beatuiful(=beauty)美的事物，the impossible不可能的事情
11 suffer from (a disease)患有某种疾病
eg, suffer from a bad cold/loss of memory/somnia患重感冒，失忆症，失眠
suffer+n. 遭受，经历（痛苦，损失）
eg, suffer pain/torture/defeat/damage/loss遭受痛苦，折磨，失败，破坏，损失
12 be available 可获得的，可用的；有空的，不忙的
eg,The library is available for the students. 图书馆对学生开放。
Sorry,I’m not available for the comment.我现在没时间做评论。
13 much too expensive（adj.）太贵 too much expense(n.)花销太大
14 spend/waste(time/money…)doing花费,浪费…做
15 discourage sb from doing阻止，打消某人做
16 cheer(sb)up使振作起来
17 get/keep(stay)/lose contact(touch) with 与某人取得，保持，失去联系
put sb in contact(touch)with使某人与…取得联系 contact lenses 隐形眼镜
18 persuade sb to do/into doing（talk sb into doing）说服某人做
persuade sb not to do/out of doing说服某人不做
persuade sb of sth=convince sb of sth使某人相信，信服
eg,We finally persuaded her of his innocence.
19 live with/come to terms with/put up with忍受，忍耐
live through 历经过 live up to不负（盛名），不辜负，符合（标准） live on以…为食
20 develop AIDS（逐渐）患上（疾病） develop films冲洗胶片 develop new drugs 研发新药
develop mind and body发展身心 develop the habit of(逐步)养成习惯
develop an interest in培养兴趣 develop a friendship with 培养友谊
21 as long as/only if/on condition that/provided that…（表条件）只要
22 be immune to 对…免疫，不受其影响
23 have sb do/doing让某人做 eg,Mr wu had us clean the classroom.
Eg, He had us laughing all through the class. 他让我们整堂课笑个不停。
have sb/sth done (表被动)
eg,Mum took me to the hospital to have me examined. / eg,I must have my hair cut.
24 be diagnosed with被诊断出
25 disrupt traffic/public order扰乱交通，社会治安
26 recover from 从…中恢复，痊愈 recover from a cold/ the shock感冒痊愈，从打击中恢复
recover consciousness恢复知觉 recover one’s hearing/sight 恢复听力，视力
recover oneself恢复健康；情绪平稳下来
27 keep/stop/prevent/ban/prohibit sb/sth from doing阻止某人（某事）发生
28 on the contrary相反 be contrary to 与之相反
29 for the moment 暂时，暂且 for a moment 一会儿 the moment…(as soon as)当…时刻
30 be free from摆脱，不受影响 eg,I want to be free from the life of pressure and anxiety.
31 think of ..as/look on..as/regard …as/consider..as/view ..as/count…as把…看作
32 teach sb a lesson给…一个教训
33take/grasp/seize a chance把握／抓住机会
34 to the fullest最充分 live life to the fullest把生活过地充实
二、重点句子
1 AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system and leaves a person defenceless against infections and illnesses.
2 People transmit HIV by having unprotected sex,by receiving infected blood transfusions or through birth.
3 The disease is spreading fast in Africa ,mainly because of a lack of proper health care.
4 As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer the most.
5 If I were to live long enough to have a job,I would choose to be a doctor.
6 I wish people would find out the facts and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.
7 The cancer in my body has been defeated for the moment,but I know that I will never be completely free from it .
8 Living with cancer has made me realise how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the fullest.
三、语法(虚拟语气1)
1.wish带宾语从句常用虚拟：
I wish she were here with me and that we weren’t sick.（表现在的虚拟）
I wish I hadn’t made such a foolish mistake.（表过去的虚拟）
I wish AIDS could be cured some day.（表将来的虚拟）
Unit8 first aid
一 重点短语
1 catch fire着火 play with fire玩火；做危险的事
set sth on fire/set fire to纵火，放火 make a fire 生火
2 within/beyond one’s reach范围之内／之外 reach out/hold out(one’s hand)伸出手
3 upside down颠倒着
4 witness(an accident…) 目睹，目击 be witness to 是…目击证人
eg: The year witnessed （见证）a great event-2008 Olmpic Games in China.
5 keep/bear sth in mind将…记住 have sth in mind心里想
6 stay/remain calm保持冷静 calm down 冷静下来
7 get into a panic/ be in(a)panic陷入恐慌
8 respond/react to 对…做出反应，回应 in response to作为对…的回应
eg, The school had to stop teaching classes during the vacation in response to public pressure.
在公众压力下，学校只有停止假日期间补课。
9 sentence sb to death/three years’ imprisonment 判处某人死刑，三年有期徒刑
eg,The criminal Xiong Zhenlin has been sentenced to death for his brutal and savage crime.（野蛮残暴的罪行）。
10 recommend sth to sb把…推荐给某人 eg,Will you recommend a good dictionary to me?
recommend doing sth建议做… eg,The doctor recommended taking the medicine after the meal.
recommend sb to do eg,The doctor recommended me to take the medicine after the meal.
recommend that...(should )do… = recommended that I should take the medicine….
It’s strongly recommended that …(should )do强烈建议做…
11 the accident scene事故现场
12 be conscious/aware of (doing) sth意识到，注意到，明白
be conscious/aware that…
13…is on the way/around the corner/drawing near/approaching临近，靠近
14 in honor of 为了向…表示敬意，为了纪念 have the honor of doing….有做…的荣幸
eg,May I have the honor of dining with you tonight?我能荣幸地请你共进晚餐吗？
= Will you do me the honor of dining with you tonight?您能赏脸与我共进晚餐吗？
15 spit(sth)out吐出 联想：throw up(vomit)呕吐
16 search sp for sb/sth 搜寻某地 search sb搜身 search for sb搜寻某人
二、重点句子
1 People who have witnessed an accident often wish that they had done things differently.
2 Seconds count in an emergency.（分秒必争）First impressions do really count .
3 The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.
4 If we were to get hurt(by)trying to save someone,we would not be able to help.
5 The question will also calm the person,letting him know that help is on the way.
6 If the person is not breathing,we must try to start his breathing at once,using the mouth-to-mouth method.
7 We should never try to revive a person unless(=if not) we know how to do it.
三、语法(虚拟语气2)
2. if 的非真实条件句：
①If I were you,I would give an AIDS patient a hug. （表现在的虚拟）
If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
②If I had known more about giving first aid,I could have helped them.（表过去的虚拟）
If the hurricane had happened during the daytime,there would have been many more deaths.
③If we were to panic,we would not be able to help.(将来的虚拟)
注意 ：表将来的虚拟有三种形式
If you were to fail tomorrow,you wouldn’t get anything.
If you failed tomorrow, you wouldn’t get anything
If you should fail tomorrow, you wouldn’t get anything
3．混合虚拟的使用：（根据时间或语境的提示）
If I had worked harder at school,I would be sitting in the comfortable office now.
If I were 10 years younger now,I would have got that job then.
4. if 在虚拟语气中省略，结构要倒装(助动词提到主语前面)：
Were I you (If I were you), I would do it another way.
Had I known the truth,(If I had known the truth)I wouldn’t have helped him.
5. 表示建议，命令，要求的动词带从句，谓语动词通常(should)do,如：recommend,suggest,advise,insist,require,request,order,command ,etc.
eg,Many hospitals recommend that we (should)use DR ABC .
6.另外，一些特殊句式习惯上采用虚拟语气：
①It’s time that we paid a visit to our mother school.
② I’d rather (=wish)that I hadn’t met you yesterday.
③They are talking as if there were friends.
④If only I would be admitted to Peking university.
⑤ I would appreciate it if you would turn the radio down.
一 重点短语
1 it’s just a matter of(time,taste,luck….)只是（时间，个人爱好，运气…）的问题
2.confuse A with B 将A与B混作一团 be confused in mind 心烦意乱
confusing 令人迷惑不解（主要用于物）confused糊涂的，迷乱的（主要用于人）
3 be sure/certain about(of )sth be sure/certain(that)…对…确信，有把握
eg,We are sure that he is innocent.=We are sure of his innocence.
be sure/certain to do必定会，一定会
eg,He is sure/certain to succeed.=I’m sure/certain that he will succeed.
注意：it’s certain that….是确实的（It’s sure that….×）
eg,It’s certain that the earth is round.
4 take advantage of sth=make full use of sth好好利用某物
take advantage of sb利用某人达到个人目的
have an advantage/ advantages over 比某人有优势
5 make use of 利用 make full (good)use of /make the best (use)of /make the most of充分利用
6 cultural diversity文化差异
7 be made up of /consist of 由…组成
8 hold together团结一致
hold up举起,支撑;耽搁 hold back抑制,退缩 hold on等候；(在困难中)坚持下去
hold on to紧紧抓住，守住 hold off（put off）推迟，延缓
hold out伸出（手等）eg,The lady held out her hand to him.
（供应品）维持eg,Our food supplies won’t hold out long.
not hold out much hope of不抱…的希望
eg,We are no longer holding much hope of watching English movies
9 The English Channel英吉利海峡
10 in general/generally speaking一般说来;总体上
拓展：exactly /frankly/honestly speaking(to be exact/frank/honest) 精确/坦率/老实地说
considering that(Given that..)/judging from/to tell the true/believe it or not
考虑到/从…判断/说实话/信不信由您
general/ common knowledge 常识，一般知识
It is generally believed/acknowledged/accepted that…人们普遍认为…
11 have a(strong)influence/effect on对…有（强烈的）影响
under the influence of 在…的影响下
12 conquer the world征服世界 conquer the invaders击败侵略者
conquer(overcome) one’s fear克服某人的恐惧 conquer(capture) one’s heart博得某人的欢心
13 end up (with,as,in,…)结果是
14 consider sb/sth to be认为某人…consider doing考虑做Considering that /Given that….考虑到
15 be native to 土生土长的 eg, The kangaroo is native to Australia.
16 It’s of great value/importance/significance to do….
17 the number of … …的数量 a large number of 大量的，许多
a large number of /a good many(修饰可数名词)
a great deal of /a large amount of (修饰不可数名词)
plenty of /a lot of /a (large)quantity of (修饰可数或不可数名词)
18 without doubt/without question(adv.副词)毫无疑问,毋庸置疑地
eg,He is without doubt the brightest student in the class.
(There’s )no doubt (that)…eg,No doubt (that) he is the brightest student in the class.
out of question/beyond question 毫不怀疑的 out of the question不可能，不允许的
eg,His courage and integrity is out of question.他的勇气和正直是不可怀疑的.
eg,Missing class to watch a football match is out of the question.为看足球比赛旷课，那可不行。
19 measure(vt.) the size,height,amount of sth测量，计量
eg,Could you measure the weight of the elephant?
measure(link.v连系动词) （某物的）尺寸为eg,The tree measures 20 meters from top to bottom.
eg, The earthquake measures 8.5 on the Richter scale.里氏8.5级地震
make(clothes)to one’s own measure量体裁衣 take measures采取措施
20 develop an interest in…培养在…的兴趣
21 keep sb company陪伴某人 （sb）be good company 是好伙伴
in sb’s company/in the company of sb与某人在一起
eg,I felt somewhat uneasy in the company of such an important person.
和这么重要的人物在一起我觉得有些不自在。
22 employ sb =hire sb 雇佣某人 employ sth =apply,use sth 运用，使用某物
eg,employ English as a common language把英语当共同语言使用
be employed in doing sth=be busy in doing=be engaged in doing=be occupied in doing忙于某事 eg,She was busily employed in preparing dinner for guests.
employer /employee 雇主/雇员 interviewer/interviewee采访者/被采访者
trainer/trainee 教练员，培训师/接受训练的人；实习生
23 narrow escape九死一生
24 bear fruit结果实
25 with the approach(n.) of …随着…的临近an approach to (n./doing)的方法
As sth is approaching(v.)…随着…的临近approach(deal with,handle) a problem处理问题
二 重点句子
1 The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unkown to many.
2 Within Great Britain for many years now, there has been a growing movement to make the most of its cultural diversity
3 It was not until 250 years later that they formed a single state.
4. In the summer the differences in temperature between London and the north can be as much as nine degrees!
5.The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words.
6 Don’t judge a person on the basis of first impressions.
7 These hills and fields are most beautiful,with many small and clear rivers,and rich fields bearing fruit and grain.
三 语法：名词性从句
1 That most are now threatened and may disappear(主语从句) is a serious matter to British.
2 They don’t understand that…（宾语从句）
3 The reason why …is that…（表语从句）
4 Many parents hold the view that teenagers should not spend much time online.（同位语从句）
注意：同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
eg, The news that he was badly injured shocked us. （同位语从句）
eg,The news（that）we’ve just got is true.（定语从句）
Unit6 life in the future
一重点短语
1 make a forecast/prediction about 对…做出预测
2 catch a glimpse of 瞥见 catch sight of 看见 glance at/glimpse (at)瞥见
stare at /gaze at凝视 glare at 怒视
3 It’s possible (for sb) to do sth （对某人来讲）干某事是可能的
相关句型：It is probable/ likely/ possible that…
sb/sth. be likely to do sth
4 current trends当前趋势 set a /the trend 创造新潮流 current affairs时事
current boyfriend现任男友current account活期存款账户（deposit account定期存款账户）
5 in ancient/contemporary/modern society 在古代/当代/现代社会
6 urban/suburban/rural areas市／郊／农村地区
7 environmentally friendly有利于环保的
8 open-door and reform policy改革开放的政策
9 keep/stay in touch with 与…保持联系 get in touch with与…取得联系
put sb in touch with安排某人与…取得联系 lose touch 失去联系
10 combine shopping with fun购物娱乐相结合
11 pay for 为…付款；受… 报应 pay back 偿还;报复 pay off(debts)还清（债务）；回报
12 (sth)remains to be done（事情）有待去做
It only remains for me to say/thank…最后我想说，我要感谢
the remaining question/the question left余下的问题
13 how to deal with ／what to do with怎样处理
14 lead to /contribute to /result in/bring about/give rise to 导致，促成
15 ensure one’s safety确保某人的安全
A good sleep will ensure(quarantee) you quicker recovery.
充足的睡眠保证你早日康复
Please ensure that（make sure that）all the lights are switched off at night.
ensure sb from/against sth （=defend/protect sb from sth）保护某人免受
eg,In this case,we should ensure ourselves from being injured.
在这种情况下，我们要保护自己不受伤害。
16 make an effort/efforts to do努力做 through one’s effots通过某人的努力
spare no effort(s) to do/take the trouble to do不遗余力去做
17 be well prepared for为…做好准备
18 in store储存，将发生
eg: There is a pleasant surprise in store for you when you get home. 回家将会有令您惊喜的事。
19 lifelong learners终身学习者
20 virtual reality虚拟现实 in reality/in fact事实上，实际上
21 cure/warn/inform/rob/remind sb of sth
22 sth require(need/want) doing/to be done某事需要…
require sb to do要求某人做 require that sb should do…
二、重点句子
1 What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.
2 Instead of searching a crowded store for basic goods,people want to go to a pleasant mall and combine shopping with fun..
3 With a better understanding of the human body,scientists and physicians will be able to cure more diseases.
4 The school of the future will probably be quite different from what they are today.
5 We can’t be sure whether our dreams will come true,but we can at least be hopeful that our efforts to improve the world will be successful.
6 If we learn to accept change,we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.
三、语法（wh-引导的名词性从句）
1 What the future will be like in the future is difficult to predict.(主语从句)
2 They are careful about what they eat and exercise regularly.（宾语从句）
3 The topic for today is how we should protect the earth.（表语从句）
3 I have no idea when he will be back.（同位语从句）
The water planet
Tasks which should be achieved in this unit:
a. Achieve language skills and related knowledge about the topic of water and the ocean.
b. Learn how to make suggestions and how to express opinions.
The water is being used to /for….
We should/ could….
If we …, we can ….
It would be better to …
c. Vocabulary in this unit:
benefit, disadvantage, range, available, pure, mass, float, absorb, stable, bottom;
d. Useful expressions:
benefit from, range from … to…., all the way, be made up of, that is, freezing point, break down, mix with, be measured in…, take advantage of…, keep … steady, manage to do.
e. Grammar:
Review Modal Verbs.
情态动词can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, can’t 等的用法。
1) can /could
Jin can speak English well. (ability)
Could you please show me the way to Beihai Park? (request)
2) may /might
May we see the awards for the teams? (permission; request)
She might give you some new clothing. (possibility)
3) will /would
The Spring Festival is the most fun. The whole family will come for dinner. (promise; agreement)
Often he would dress up like a rich man. (past habit; custom)
4) shall /should
The harvest festival begins on Saturday. We shall be there with our friends. (promise; agreement)
You should arrive at the airport two hours before he goes. (advice)
5) must /can’t
Wang Feng wins an award every year. He must be very strong (speculation)
You must be joking. That can’t be true. (guessing)
Teaching procedure:
Period 1.
Contents: Warming up & reading comprehension
Step 1.Warming up
Aim: Make students get to know something about water.
Step 2. Pre-reading
1.Show some pictures of making electricity, irritating in agriculture, transport by ships, etc,.
2.group work:
How is the water being used?
Step 3. While-reading
1.Scanning: Ss read scan the bold words in the passage and understand the structure of the passage.
How many parts are there in the passage?
2.Ss read and get the main ideas of each part.
Part 1(para1): the properties of water;
Part2(Para2): chemical structure of water---H2O
Part3(Para3): salinity----- the percentage of salt.
Part4(Para4): Density
Part5(Para5): heat capacity
Part6(Para6-7) Ocean motion
Step 4. After-reading
Finish the post-reading Ex on P21.
Step 5. Assignment
1. surf the internet and get more information about water and ocean using search engines like yahoo or baidu. ( or just input the key words like Jules Verne into the address column of IE)
2. discussion:
What will you prepare for writing an explanation of corals?
After discussion, work out an outline.
Period 2.
Contents: difficulties in the passage.
Step 1. Warming up
Ask some Ss to present their homework.
Step 2. Learning about the language:
Play the tape for students to follow.
Teacher explain some language points in the text on page 19--20.
1.Who benefits from using water in this way?
Benefit…from/ by…
This song reminds me of France.
Remind me to answer the letter.
I reminded her that the book would cost her much.
2. Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way to giant like sharks and whales.
Range from… to…/ range between …. And…. 意为“从。。。。到。。。不等；在一定的范围内变化”，例如：
Temperatures here range from 10 to 30 degrees centigrade.
Prices range between ￡7 and ￡10.
His interests ranged from chess to canoeing.
3. The two hydrogen atoms form a polar molecule, that is, one with a slightly positive end and one with a slightly negative end.
That is 用作插入8，意为“那就是，即”
My birthday is a week later, that is, March 1st.
John is a New Yorker, that is , he lives in New York.
4. The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean will quickly become available to other living creatures.
Whatever 引导名词性从句作宾语。
Tell me whatever is troubling you.
She is always succeeds in whatever she tries.
5. Marine animals and plants take advantage of the density of water.
Take advantage of “利用，欺骗”
Taking advantage of his friends, Mr. Li was scolded.
He always takes advantage of mistakes made by others.
Step 3. Practice
Ss finish on page 14 by themselves and then check the answers.
Step 4. Assignment
1. Learn the useful expressions by heart.
2. Finish Ex1 –3 on page 96-97 on WB
3. read the whole passage aloud.
Period 3.
Contents: Grammar; talking and speaking
Step 1. Revision
Check the answers of Ex 1 – 3 on page 96-97.
Step 2. Review Modal Verbs.
1. 情态动词的语法特征
1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
2. 比较can 和be able to
1）can/could 表示能力；可能 （过去时用could）, 只用于现在式和过去式（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to的情况：
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。
注意：could有时不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：
--- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。
2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。
3. 比较may和might
1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：
May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
He might be at home. 他可能在家。
注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may 小。
2）成语：may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为”不妨“。例如：
If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况确实如此，我们不妨试一试。
典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may。此句意可从后半句推出。
4. 比较have to和must
1）两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2）have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如：
He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。
3）否定结构中：don't have to表示”不必“，mustn't表示”禁止“。例如：
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你不得把这件事告诉他。
5. must表示推测
1）must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为”一定“。
2）must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。例如：
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：He must be staying there. 他现在肯定在那里。
He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。
3）must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。例如：
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。4）must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。例如：
---Why didn't you answer my phone call? 为何不接我的电话？
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.唉，肯定在睡觉，所以没有听见。
5）否定推测用can't。例如：
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
6. 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。例如：
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 我不知道她在哪儿，可能在武汉。
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。例如：
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时，想必我们老师正在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测。例如：
The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时，表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。例如：
Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。例如：
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。
7. 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1）may（might） have + done sth, can （could） have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如：
Philip may （might） have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 菲力浦可能在车祸中受了重伤。
Philip can （could） have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2）must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有”肯定“，”谅必“的意思。例如：
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. 琳达已经去上班了，但她的单车还在这儿。
---She must have gone by bus.肯定乘巴士去的。
3）ought to have done sth, should have done sth表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示”不该做某事而做了“。例如：
You ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment. 你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不该把旧衣服扔了。（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4）needn't have done sth表示本没必要做某事，但做了。例如：
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
旅行时，我衣服穿得较多，其实没有必要。那时天很热。
5）would like to have done sth表示本打算做某事，但没做。例如：
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想读这篇文章，但太忙了一直没读。
8. should 和ought to
除了上述的用法，两者还可表示”想必一定，按理应该“的意思。例如：
I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能维持了。
It ought to be ready now. 想必现在准备好了吧。
They should be there by now, I think. 现在他们该到那儿了。
The poems should be out in a month at most. 诗集估计最多还有一个月就要出版了。
9. had better表示”最好“，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。例如：
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。
She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为”本来最好“。例如：
You had better have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点。
10. would rather表示”宁愿“
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿…而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示”宁愿“、”宁可“的意思。例如：
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. 如果有选择的余地，我宁可辍学离开这个学校。
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我宁愿呆在这儿，而不愿回家。
典型例题
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为”宁愿“，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。
11. will和would
注意：1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。例如：
Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗？
2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般
用some, 而不是any。例如：
Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。
3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down? 你不坐下吗？
12. 情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No, I needn't
Must you…? No, I don't have to.
典型例题
1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C. could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。
2）---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。
3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B. will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表”意愿、意志、决心“，本题表示决心，选B。
13. 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to （=must）, be able to，为六个。它们的疑问、否定形式应予以注意：
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。
典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have told。
14. 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1）实义动词：need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth
2）情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。例如：
Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。
2. Ss do the grammar ex. On p21-22 to see if they can use the modal verbs correctly.
3. More exercises to consolidate the Grammar.
.EX1-2 on page 98-99 of WB.
Step 3. Talking
1. Ss four in one group and have a discussion about the topics on page 96.
2. Ss make notes during the discussion, and try to report the topic to the whole class.
Step 4. Speaking
Learn how to make suggestions and how to express opinions.
The water is being used to /for….
We should/ could….
If we …, we can ….
It would be better to …
5. Assignment
Writing on page 94.
Period 4.
Contents: Integrating skills:
Step 1. Warming up
Ask Ss to scan the passage and raise some questions:
Explain some difficulties if necessary:
Step 2. Reading
1. Ss read the passage :
2. Help Ss to understand the passage entirely.
Step 3. Writing
Finish the writing task on p 24.
You can give Ss some strategies for writing a short essay, or give them an outline if necessary.
Period 5.
(Listening)
Step 1. Listening
1. Ss finish the listening task on page 18.
2. Ss listen to the tape again and check the answers.
Step 2. dealing with the Ex 1-4 on p 95 of Workbook.
Step 3. Listening skills
Give the students some tips on how to improve listening while checking the Ex.
a. make notes while listening;
b. grasp the most important information;
c. take some notes while listening.
Step 4. listen and reading:
First listen and then read the passage on p99.
Period 6.
Revision:
Go over the important points in this unit once again, and give Ss some additional reading materials if possible.
Period 7.
Teachers can use this period freely.
Suggestion: Teachers can use this period to let Ss sum up what they have learned and explain what Ss couldn’t understand very well in this unit. Teachers can also add more practice in this period to consolidate what the Ss have learned. Finally, ask the Ss to finish Assessing on page 101. It is very important to improve their learning and let them have a sense of achieving gradually.
Scientific Achievements
Tasks which should be achieved in this unit:
a. Achieve language skills and related knowledge about the topic of science and scientific achievements;
b. Learn to express intentions and wishes:
1. My plan is to…….
2. I hope that…..
3. I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…..
4. I’d like to,,,,
5. I’m thinking of ….
6. It is likely that…
c. Vocabulary in this unit:
likely, private, grasp, master, perfect, arrange, locate, luggage, boom, announce.
d. Useful expressions:
in store, in the late 1990s, grasp the opportunity, hear about, set foot, have a positive effect on…, as well as, rely on, deal with, come to life, put forward, make many breakthroughts, map out.
e. Grammar:
word formation (1)
compounds:
Nouns:
n+n : classroom, newspaper, workshop, bookcase, bookworm
adj+n: blackboard; highway, greenhouse
v+n: pickpocket; chopstick
adv+n: overcoat; outhouse;
n+prep+n: son-in-law; father-in-law
-ing+n: reading-room; dining-hall; sleeping-car
v+adv: get-together; breakthrough(突破)
pron+n: he-goat; she-wolf
Adjectives:
N+adj: snowwhite; worldwide; manlike;
Adj+adj: red-hot; darkblue
Adv+adj: evergreen
N+PP/-ing: man-made; snow-covered; English-speaking; peace-loving
Adj+PP/-ing: good-looking; easy-going; ready-made; new-born
Adv+PP/-ing: hardworking; farseeing; well-written; well-known;wide-spread
Adj+n: barefoot; new-type
Num+n: second-hand; five-year; 100-meter
Num+n+adj: five-year-old; three-inch-wide
Num/Noun/dj+n-ed: four-footed; three-legged; iron-hearted; cold-blooded; warm-hearted
Verbs:
Adv/n/adj+verbs: overcome; overflow; upset; underline; sunbathe; sleepwalk; whitewash; blacklist(列入黑名单)
Adverbs:
N+n: sideway
N+adv: head-on
Adj+n: meanwhile; meantime
Prep+n: beforehand (事先)
Teaching procedure:
Period 1.
Contents: Warming up & reading comprehension
Step 1.Warming up
Aim: Make students familiar with some words and expressions on the topic.
1. Brainstorming:
Find as many words as the students can find about Scientific achievements using some pictures as hinders:
Electricity; cars; aeroplanes; The Internet; Cloning; The Theory of Gravity; Nuclear science; solar energy; gene technology
2. Discussing the questions on P1 and then the questions:
How do they improve our daily life? How do they change our society?
Step 2. Pre-reading
1. Show some pictures of Zhongguancun.
2. group work:
if you want to do research or start a hi-tech company, what preparations you should make?
Step 3. While-reading
1. Scanning: Ss read quickly and answer the following question:
What is the passage mainly about?
2. Ss read and get the main ideas of each paragraph. Make an outline if possible.
Step 4. After-reading
Finish the post-reading Ex on P4.
Step 5. Assignment
1. surf the internet and get more information about the topic.
2. if you are asked to introduce Zhongguancun to oversea Chinese students, what must be included in your speech? Just think over and prepare an outline.
Period 2.
Contents: difficulties in the passage.
Step 1. Warming up
Ask some Ss to present their outlines.
Step 2. Learning about the language:
Play the tape for students to follow.
Teacher explain some language points in the text on page 19--20.
1. Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.
Whatever = no matter how 引导让步状语从句。
Whatever还可引导名词性从句， 意为“所。。。的一切事情”。例如：
He always keep calm whatever happens.
It is unwise to give a child what ever he or she wants.
In store 意思是“就要到来，必将发生”；这个介词短语还有“储备着”的意思。
Be likely “有可能的”
He is likely to finish the work on time.
It is likely that he she will finish the work on time.
2. it was wonderful, like a dream come true.
Like 用作连词，引导方式状语从句，与as，as if 相似。
Like I said just now, I won’t do that foolish things.
3. One of the mottos for the park – “Rely on science, technology and knowledge to increase economic power”-makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future.
rely on/upon “依赖，依靠”
You must rely on our own effort to do it.
3. Not all the new company can succeed, but the spirit and creativity they present are more important than money.
Step 3. Practice
Ss finish on page 5 by themselves and then check the answers.
Step 4. Assignment
1. Learn the useful expressions by heart.
2. Finish Ex1 –3 on page 82-83 on WB
3. read the whole passage aloud.
Period 3.
Contents: Grammar; talking and speaking
Step 1. Revision
Check the answers of Ex 1 -- 3 on page 82 and 83.
Step 2. Word formations
1. introduce the main ways of word formation: (the following may be of help during your teaching)
The main Processes of English Word-formation:
a. Prefixation: disagree, unimportant, non-smoker, minibus, overuse, antibiotics, underdeveloped, post-war, pre-school, renew, bimonthly, multi-racial;
b. Suffixation: percentage, girlhood, Londoner, hostess, employee, puzzlement, hopeless, changeable, talkative, deepen;
c. Conversion: desire-v. to long for, to wish/ n. strong longing, earnest wish; hit-v, to give a blow/ n. blow; They downed the tools.
d. Compounding: deadline, above-mentioned, chewing-gum, sun-bather, table talk, fathead, redcap, easygoing, sleep-walk,
The minor processes of English word-formation:
a. clipping or shortening: phone (for telephone), ad (for advertisement), prof (for professor), flu (for influenza), pub (for public house);
b. Acronyms(首字母缩略词): UN, VIP, NATO,DA (Doctor of Arts) , H-bomb (Hydrogen bomb);
c. lending: branch, motel, Eurasia,
d. Back-formation: to beg from beggar, to baby-sit from baby-sitter, to greed from greedy.
f. Forming new words by analogy:
Moonrise is derived from the word sunrise by analogy.
e. Onomatopoeia:
Bark, giggle, bang, murmur.
2. Ss study examples on p6 and see if they can tell the processes of the words.
3. More exercises to consolidate the Grammar.
EX1-4 on p6 & ex1-5 on page 83-84 of WB.
Step 3. Talking
1. Ss four in one group and have a discussion about the topics on page 7.
2. Ss make notes during the discussion, and try to report the topic to the whole class.
Step 4. Speaking
Ss work in pairs and discuss their intentions and wishes..
The following structures are helpful to students:
1. My plan is to…….
2. I hope that…..
3. I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…..
4. I’d like to,,,,
5. I’m thinking of ….
6. It is likely that…
Step 5. Assignment
Writing on page 86.
Period 4.
Contents: Integrating skills:
Step 1. Warming up
Ask Ss some questions about great achievements in science and technology.
Step 2. Reading
1. Ss read the passage :
2. Help Ss to understand the passage entirely.
Step 3. Writing
Finish the writing task on p 8.
You can give Ss some strategies for writing a short essay, or give them an outline if necessary.
(The following material may ease your work.)
Internet ---- the greatest achievement of this century
Argument 1: Internet changes our daily life.
Details: a. make communication easier.
b. change our ways of shopping.
c. get to know outside world more quickly.
Argument 2: Internet make our work easier.
Details: a/b/c
Argument 3: Internet accelerate the development of science and technology.
Details : a/b/c
Period 5.
(Listening)
Step 1. Listening
1. Ss finish the listening task on page 2.
2. Ss listen to the tape again and check the answers.
Step 2. dealing with the Ex 1-4 on p 95 of Workbook.
Step 3. Listening skills
Give the students some tips on how to improve listening while checking the Ex.
a . make notes while listening;
b. grasp the most important information
Step 4. Finish the Listening Ex on p81.
Period 6.
Revision:
Go over the important points in this unit once again, and give Ss some additional reading materials if possible.
Zhongguancun Science Park is China's biggest science park with a high concentration of scientific and technological institutions and intellectual resources. Located in this area are 39 institutions of higher learning represented by Beijing University and Tsinghua University. There are 213 research institutions as exemplified by the institutions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and 37% of the academicians of both the CAS and CAE are living and working in this area. Each year, thousands of sophisticated research discoveries emerge in this area and pour out to all places throughout China. Many state-level laboratories and important engineering and technology centers are concentrated in this area too. Zhongguancun Science Park is the largest software development and production center in China.
Zhongguancun Science Park in fact is composed of five science zones like Haidian Zone, Fengtai Zone, Changping Zone, the Electronic City Zone and Yizhuang Zone. Some ten thousand new and hi-tech enterprises, such as Legend, Stone, Founder, Zhongguancun Science and Technology, Tsinghua Tongfang, Netease, are all doing their business at Zhongguancun. In addition, there are some 1500 R&D centers and hi-tech companies set up by or invested by renowned overseas transnational companies like IBM, Microsoft, Mitsubishi in this area as well as 40 overseas listed companies. At present Zhongguancun has become the most important growth point in the economic development of the capital which makes a contribution of 60% of the total industrial growth of the city. The business income generated from the industry, trade and technology of Zhongguancun Science Park in accounted for 18% of the total income of all the 53 national new and hi-tech parks.
In June , the State Council of China officially approved the ”Note of Request to Expedite the Building of Zhongguancun Science Park for the Purpose of Implementing the Strategy of Rejuvenating the Country through Science and Education“ by the Beijing Municipal Government and the Ministry of Science and Technology and instructed the Beijing Municipal Government and the Ministry of Science and Technology to speed up the construction process of Zhongguancun Science Park in order to build it into a comprehensive reform trial base for implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the two essential changes, a model base of international technical innovation with competitiveness, an incubator and radiating center for its scientific and technological achievements with its footing in the capital city of Beijing but facing the whole country and a base for training innovators and a first-class science park in the world. This is the most important trans-century decision made by the central government after its decisions of establishing the Shenzhen Special Zone in 1980s and opening up Shanghai's Pudong area in 1990s.
Beijing People's Municipal Government promulgated ”Regulations of the Zhongguancun Science Park“ on January 1, 2001, which provides the legal basis and guideline for its future development. The Park is now moving on at vigorous strides in promoting technology innovation in accordance with the principle of ”Bold innovation in the areas not banned by the law“ with the ambition of achieving great changes every year and make the Park a first-rate science park in the world within 10 years.
Zhongguancun is indeed a place full of opportunities and challenges as well as bright hopes. All domestic and overseas companies and individuals are welcome to Zhongguancun for business development.
Period 7.
Teachers can use this period freely.
Suggestion : Teachers can use this period to let Ss sum up what they have learned and explain what Ss couldn’t understand very well in this unit. Teachers can also add more practice in this period to consolidate what the Ss have learned. Finally, ask the Ss to finish Assessing on page 87. It is very important to improve their learning and let them have a sense of achieving gradually.
I. Teaching Goal
1. Talk about science and scientific achievement.
2. Practise expressing intentions and wishes.
3. Learn about word formation (1).
4. Write a persuasion essay.
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following.
(1)New words
engineering, solar, significant, mankind, constitution
(2) Everyday English s
If I got the money，I would……
My plan is to……
I hope that……
I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to……
I'd like to……”
I'm thinking of……
2. Train the students' listening abilities.
3. Talk about science and scientific achievement, urging the students to further understand the significance of science and scientific achievement and encouraging them to work hard at their lessons.
Teaching Important Points;
1. Finish the task of listening to train the students' listening ability.
2. Practise expressing intentions and wishes to train the students' speaking ability.
Teaching Difficult Points;
1. How to help the students talk in English about science and scientific achievement freely.
2. How to help the students finish the tasks of listening and speaking smoothly.
Teaching Methods;
1. Listening and speaking to train the students' ability to use English.
2. Individual, pair or group work to make every student take an active part in class.
Teaching Aids:
1. the multimedia
2. the blackboard
Teaching Procedures;
Step I Greetings and Lead-in
Greet the Ss. Then teacher turns on the multimedia. First, show the students a recorded programme in which the students can see the hard life people lived in the past. Then show them a programme in which people live a happy and modern life. After that, teacher asks some Ss up to describe what they saw in the programmes. Last, write the following on the boackboard.
(Bb: Unit 11 Scientific achievement)
First, let's learn some new words. Please look at the screen. (Teacher shows the screen and deals with them with the whole class.)
engineering／ / n.工程，工程学，设计，建造
solar / ／adj.太阳的，日光的
significant // adj.意义重大的，重要的；有意义的
mankind／/ n.人类
Neil Armstrong／ /尼尔 阿姆斯特朗（美国宇航员）
Alexander G Bell／bel / 亚历山大贝尔（美国发明家）
Ray Tomlinson／ / 雷 汤姆林森（美国计算机工程师）
constitution / / n．宪法
:Aeureka /ju'ri:k/ interj. 我找到了！
Step II Warming up
Ask some Ss to tell us what scientific achievements they think have changed the world?
(Teacher writes all the scientific achievements mentioned above on the blackboard and says the following. )
Step III Listening
The listening material contains two parts. You are going to hear some words said by some famous people at the time when they achieved success.
Look at the chart in Exercise 1 at the top of Page 2 quickly. Then play the first part of the tape for the Ss to complete it. After that, check their answers. (After checking the answers to Exercise 1, teacher goes on to deal with Exercise 2)
Now, listen to Part 2 and complete the sentences in Exercise 2, If necessary, play it twice for Ss to finish or check their answers.
At last, teacher deals with Exercise 3.
Step V Summary and Homework
T. In this class, we've mainly talked about scientific achievement. Centering on this topic, we did some listening and speaking. This way, we've learnt more about science and scientific achievement. Moreover, we've learnt some useful expressions to express intentions and wishes, .such as “If I got the money, I would……; My plan is to…… (Teacher writes them on the blackboard. ) After class, try to practise using them and preview the reading part.
Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
The First Period
I . Scientific achievement:
electricity, cars, aero planes, radio and television, the Internet, cloning, genetic engineering, the Theory of Gravity，nuclear science, solar energy
II. How to express intentions and wishes:
If I got the money, I would……
My plan is to……
I hope that……
I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to……
I'd like to……
I'm thinking of……
The Second Period
Speaking
Ss work in pairs and discuss their intentions and wishes..
The following structures are helpful to students:
1. My plan is to…….
2. I hope that…..
3. I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…..
4. I’d like to,,,,
5. I’m thinking of ….
6. It is likely that…
Here are four scientists who want to get money to complete their project. Each scientist will have to introduce his or her project and explain why it is the most important. Now, the teacher put the students in groups of five to have a discussion. Four group members represent scientists tone member will listen to all the scientists and ask questions. At the end of the discussion, he or she must decide who will get the money and why..
(Teacher and the students go through the expressions. After that, teacher puts the students in groups of five and gets them to prepare for a few minutes. At the end, teacher asks one or two groups to report their work to the rest of the class. )
A sample dialogue;
Organizer: Now, everybody is here. Who'd like to be the first to make a statement on this project? Dr Wilson: I and my team are working on a cure for AIDS. As you know, the number of people
infected with AIDS is keeping increasing at an astonishing speed. Some of them are facing death. As a result, we have to find a way to solve this problem as soon as possible. But, right now, the lack of money is a big problem. If we got enough money, we would complete the first stage of our project in the near future.
Organizer: I see. Dr Jones, how about you?
Dr Jones: At present, we are also facing the same problem of lacking money. My research project is about cloning and how to use new technology to cure disease. Today, more and more patients are expecting to get organ transplant in order to prolong their lives. I wish what I am doing could help them.
Organizer: I understand. Dr Smith, could you please give me your opinions on your project?
Dr Smith: For humankind on the earth, food is a fundamental factor, and as the population keeps growing, per capitation resource of people is becoming less and less. My plan is to develop new technology that will make it possible to grow food with very little water. However, currently, the shortage of money prevents my work from further going. I hope you can give me a hand on my project,
Organizer: It sounds a good idea. Dr Winfrey, it's your turn now.
Dr Winfrey: It’s ceaseless for human beings to explore the universe. That's why we are urgent to know what the Mars looks like and if there is any life on it. I'm thinking of sending a manned spaceship to Mars. Nevertheless, this huge project will surely cost a large sum of money. And I don't think we can get to the aim without your support.
Organizer: So, everyone has finished their statements on their own project. Frankly speaking, they all sound tempting to me, but I'm more inclined to the project suggested by Dr Smith. From my point of view, it's more closely related to the daily life of people and in accord with the actual condition of our country. I'd like to pour money into his project.
The Third Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following words and phrases.
likely, zone, private, grasp, master, perfect, arrange, set foot (in), rely on, failure，locate，valley
2. Train the students' reading ability.
3. Get the students to learn about Zhongguancun - China's Silicon Valley.
Teaching Important Points;
1. Learn to use the following:
(1) Phrases:
in store, set foot in(on), rely on, come to life, put forward
(2) Sentence patterns;
It is likely that……
……makes it clear that……
2. Improve the students' reading ability.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to help the students understand the reading material exactly.
Teaching Methods;
1. Discussion before reading to make the students interested in what they will read.
2. Fast reading to get a general idea of the text.
3. Careful reading to get the detailed information.
4. Pair or group work to make every student take an active part in class,
Teaching Aids:
1. the multimedia
2. the blackboard
Teaching Procedures;
Step I Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step II Revision and Pre-reading
Yesterday, we talked about science and scientific achievement. We know scientific achievements can not only make our life better, but also change the world. Science makes the world become a smaller place. Science and scientific achievement promote the development of mankind and society. However, to achieve success in science research is not easy. It needs to work whole-heartedly. It also needs support and good environment. Now, please look at the questions on the screen and work in pairs or groups to discuss them. Let's go through them first. (Teacher shows the following on the screen. )
1. If you wanted to do research or start a company, what kind of support and environment would you need?
2. What is it that makes a scientific achievement important?
3. Why do scientists spend so much time trying to achieve something?
Teacher shows the new words on the screen and deals with them as usual.
likely / / adj. 很可能的, 合适的, 可靠的, 有希望的
economic / / adj. 经济的；经济学的，有实用价值的
zone / / n．区；区域．地带
hi-tech／‘haitek/ n．高科技，高技术（=high technology)
private／ / adj. 私立的；私人的；非公开的
technological / / adj.技术（学）的；工艺（学）的
overseas／ / adj.（在）海外的; (在）国外的
adv. 在海外；在国外
grasp / / vt．掀住。抓牢，理解
master／／n．硕士；（男）主人；能手
perfect／ / adj.完美的，理想的．绝对的
arrange／ / vt．安排书筹划；整理；布置
set foot (in) 到达；进人．踏上
IT /ai 'ti:/ abbr.（= information technology)信息技术．信息产业
Lenovo / li 'nuv / n．联想公司：
Founder／ / n．方正公司：
rely / / vi．依靠;依赖; 信赖; 指望：
rely on依靠；依赖，信赖，指望
failure / / n．失败，失败的人（事）；
locate／ / vt．（常用被动语态）把……设置在．使……坐落于；指出……的位置：
silicon／ / n. 硅；
valley／ / n．低凹处（尤指波谷）; 山谷；溪谷
Step III Reading
Page 3, Read the passage-Zhong-guancun quickly in four minutes and find out the answers to the following two questions!
1. What kind of spirit has made Zhongguancun a success?
2. What are the two mottos mentioned in the text for the park? (Teacher writes the two questions above on the blackboard. Four minutes later, teacher checks the answers. )
1. It is the spirit of creativity and scientific skill that has made Zhongguancun a success.
2. One is ”Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power.“ The other is “Encouraging pioneering work and accepting failure.”
Work in pairs to finish the first exercise in Post-reading.
Suggested answers: l. ABC 2.D 3.CD 4. B 5.CD
Explain some phrases and sentences. Please look at the screen. (Teacher shows the following on the screen and explains them to the students.)
1. in store (for sb. / sth. ) : coming in the future; about to happen
e. g. There is a surprise in store for you.
I can see trouble in store.
2. set foot in /on sth. : enter or visit (a place) ; arrive
e. g. Don't ever set foot in this house again!
Who was the first man to set foot on the moon.
3. rely on/upon; depend on……
e. g. Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help.
You can rely on it that it will rain this week.
4. come to life: back to normal state, esp. of mind
e. g. As soon as the mother came to life, she cried for her daughter.
After three hours' saving, the injured man came to life,
5. It is likely that--- (Note：likely→ probable)
e. g. It is very likely that she'll ring me tonight.
It isn't likely to rain.
She is very likely to ring me tonight.
6. ……make it clear that……
(Note: make→ cause to be or become……)
e. g. She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.
She made clear her objections.
Step IV Listening and Reading Aloud
Listen to the tape of the passage, paying attention to the pronunciation and intonation. Then read it aloud by themselves and try to understand the phrases and sentences learnt just now.
(Teacher begins to play the tape. )
Step V Summary and Homework
T: In this class, we've learned more about Zhongguancun by reading the passage. As a new center of science and technology, it is known to the world. It is said that it is called ”China's Silicon Valley“. After class, use a library or the Internet to find out more about Silicon Valley and then compare the two areas. How are they similar or different? Besides, we've learnt some useful phrases and sentences. Remember to review the use of them.
Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
The Third Period
I, Zhongguancun
1. What kind of spirit has made Zhongguancun a success?
2. What are the two mottos mentioned in the text for the park?
II. Phrases:
in store, set foot in/on, rely on/upon, come to life
III. Sentence patterns:
1. It is likely that…… :
2. ……make it clear that……
The Fourth Period
Language points.
1．constitution
1) 宪法the Constitution of the United States / the American Constitution
2) 体格，体质He has a weak constitution
3) 构造，构成the constitution of starch (淀粉的构成)
2．achievement (U)取得，完成（C）成就，成绩（V）achieve
development government movement equipment
vt 完成 达到（目的），得到
1） By hard working we can achieve anything.
2） We have achieved success in developing the product.
3．Mankind 人类 manmade (adj) Manly 有男子气概的；刚强的
4．in store(for sb./sth.):coming in the future;about to happen
e.g.There is a surprise in store for you.
I can see trouble in store.
5．Likely 1) be likely to do sth 很可能（发生某种情况）Our team is likely to win the game.
2) it is likely that + 从句
It is likely that we’ll go on a picnic in the forest tomorrow.
辨析：likely, possible与probable
Likely 常用词，指“从表面现象看很有可能”
Possible 指“由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到”，强调“客观上有可能”，但“实际希望很小”。
Probable 语气比possible 强，指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有大概，很可能的意思”
Likely 之后常跟不定式（be likely to do sth） 而possible与probable之后通常不跟不定式；
Likely 的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。
6．set up
1) 建立，成立 Set up home
Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.
2) 树立起来Let’s set up the tent first.
3) 使（自己或他人）从事某职业（as）
He has set himself up as a bookseller. 他开始经营书籍。
set about doing sth 着手做 set out to do sth Set an example
set fire to 点火；放火Set off 出发，动身Set foot in (on) 登上；涉足；访问
set foot in/on sth.: enter or visit(a place);arrive
e.g. Don’t ever set foot in this house again!
Who was the first man to set foot on the moon.
7．Private adj 私人的；私立的；不公开的
Private property Private school
a private door 便门in private 在私下，秘密地in public 公开地
8．grasp vt
1) 抓住 grasp sb by the arm
2) (= understand ) 掌握， 领会
Grasp sb’s meaning
3) n (常用单数) 紧握；把握；理解；理解力
Beyond sb’s grasp 力量达不到 Grasp all, lose all. 样样都要，全数失掉。 Within sb’s grasp 力量达得到
9．Master n 硕士；（男）主人；能手；雇主；大师
Mistress n 女主人 Masterless adj 无主的
Mastermind n 非常聪明的人 Masterkey n 万能钥匙
Masterpiece(masterwork) n 杰作 The master of the house 家长
Master and man雇主与雇工 A master in literature 文学大师
Master of Arts (MA) 文学硕士 Master of Science (MS) 理学硕士
Bachelor 学士 doctor 博士
vt 掌握；精通；控制；统治
Master a foreign language
Man can master nature.
10. perfect adj 理想的；完美的；绝对的；完全的；（动词的）完成的
His reading is perfect.
He is a perfect stranger to us.
The perfect tense
vt 使完美
They worked hard to perfect their dance.
Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
Be perfect in English 精通英语
11．arrange
vt 安排，筹划；整理，布置
1） We have arranged a party.
2） He arranged the books on the shelf.
n arrangement
(C pl) 安排；准备工作 （U，C）整理；排列；布置
12. have an effect on 对……产生影响
Take effect 开始生效；开始实行
In effect = in fact 实际上
13. rely on / upon : depend on…依赖，依靠；信赖，信任
We should rely on our own efforts. 我们应该自力更生。
You may rely on it that she won’t be late.你可以放心，她不会迟到的。
14．make it clear （that）…表明，讲清楚
e.g. She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.
She made clear her objections.
15．Failure (v fail) 失败(U)，失败的人或事（C）
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a failure as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.他不是一个成功的艺术家，但是个成功的美术老师。
16．come to life: back to normal state, esp. of mind苏醒过来，恢复生气，活跃起来
After three hours’ saving, the injured man came to life.
When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, the kids came back to life at once.
17. mark
n 痕迹；符号；商标；分数；特征
an ink mark a question mark full marks make a mark 作标记
vt 做标记；留痕迹于；表明；批分数，评成绩
a dirt road marked with footprints 留有脚印的泥路
be marked with 标着……；(人、动物等身上)具有
Her face is marked with sadness. 她面露悲哀。
mark examination papers.
18. outstanding
1) 杰出的，突出的 （ stand out ）一名杰出的学生 an outstanding student
2) 未完结的；未清的；未付的
Outstanding debts 未付清的欠款
19．Breakthrough n 重大突破，突围；突破性的发现，成就
A military breakthrough 军事突破A scientific breakthrough 科学成就
20．enable
en-使+able能……的
enrich enlarge
strengthen strength(力量)+ en (使) vt 加强，增强 vi 变强
they strengthened the city wall..
the wind strengthened.
deep--deepen
Sharp-sharpen
Wide--widen
21. organ n 器官；风琴；机构，机关
The eyes are the organ of sight.
state organs
a government organ
adj organic 有机物的；有机体的
n organism (C)生物，有机体，有机组织
vt organize 组织
N organization 团体，机构，组织
22. put forward 提出（建议、意见）；推荐，提名
He put forward a better plan.
We put her forward as chairman of the committee.
23. aim (sth) at sth/doing sth (把……)瞄准；目的在于；企图
He aimed his gun at the target.
Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at losing weight.
知识点讲解
1． You and your team are working on a cure for Aids. 你和你的队员正在从事艾滋病的治疗工作。
（1）work on “从事于（某项工作）”；“设法说服” eg:
They worked on the old car late into the night. 他们修这辆旧汽车一直修到深夜。
What are you doing? We are working on some wood-cuts. 你们在干什么呀？我们正在创作一些木刻。
Can you work on him to change his mind?你能说服他改变主意吗？
（2）work at “学习，研究，致力于……” eg:
They have worked at this subject for many years. 他们研究这门科学好多年了。
（3）work out 做出；算出；设计出 eg:
This problem will not work out. 这道题算不出来。
They have worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to Mars.
他们已经设计出一种向火星发射宇宙飞船的方法。
2．extremely adv. to a very high degree 极端地；极度地 eg:
It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task. 这是一项极度困难和危险的工作。
extreme adj. reaching the highest degree 极度的 eg:
extreme patience/kindness 极度的耐心/仁慈 in extreme pain 在极度痛苦中
3． cure (1)n. ①[C] curing or being cured 治疗；治愈。 eg:
His cure took six months. 他的病花了六个月治疗。
②[C]substance or treatment which cures 治疗的药物；治疗法 eg:
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今对癌症有治疗方法吗？
（2）vt. & vi. bring sb. back to health; get rid of one’s illness/habits eg:
This medicine will cure your headache. 这药可以治好你的头痛。
A few days’ rest will cure you. 休息几天你就痊愈了。
③（词组） cure sb. of one’s illness or bad habits 治愈疾病，改掉坏习惯 eg:
Moving to the country cured her of asthma. 搬到乡下她的哮喘病就好了。
He was cured of his habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸烟的坏习惯。
4． You are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars. 你正在从事向火星发射载人宇宙飞船的工作。
（1）manned adj. (of machines esp. in space) having men on board （飞船等）载人的 eg:
the development of manned from unmanned space craft从无人向载人飞船的发展
（2）man-made adj. produced by the work of men; not found in nature 人造的 eg:
The lake is a man-made one. 这是个人工湖。
We have sent up many man-made satellites. 我们发射了多少颗人造卫星。
生词和词组
1．likely adj. (1) that is expected 很可能发生的；有希望的 eg:
Is he likely to win? 他有可能获胜吗？
The most likely result is a draw. 最可能的结果是不分胜负。
(2)that seems reasonable, suitable or right for a purpose 似乎合理的 eg:
That’s a likely excuse. 那似乎是个合理的借口。
(3)be likely to do… 很可能会……
It’s likely that… 可能会（有，发生）…… eg:
He is not likely to succeed. 他大概不会成功。
It is likely that he will be late. =He is likely to be late. 他可能会迟到。
2． grasp vt. , vi. & n.
(1)v. ①seize firmly with hand(s) or arm(s) 抓住；抱住；紧握 eg:
The boy grasped his mother’s hand firmly. 那个小男孩紧握住妈妈的手。
He grasped the rope and pulled it. 他抓紧绳子用力拉。
②understand with the mind 领悟；理解 eg:
I couldn’t grasp the teacher’s meaning. 我没领悟老师的意思。
(2)n. firm hold or grip; power of grasping 紧握；抓紧；领悟力 eg:
He doesn’t have a thorough grasp of the problem. 他没有彻底理解这个问题。
(3)短语：beyond/within a person’s grasp 为某人所不能/能抓到的；为某人所不能/能理解的。
3． master vt. , vi & n.
(1) vt. ①become the master of; overcome 成为……的主人；征服；控制
eg: master one’s temper/feelings 控制脾气/感情
It’s difficult to master nature. 征服大自然是困难的。
②gain as a skill 精通；熟练 eg:
master English 精通英语 master foreign affairs 精通外交事务
He never mastered the art of the public speaking. 他从未掌握当众演讲的艺术。
(2)n. ①man who has others working for him 主人，雇主
②male head of a household 家里的男主人
③captain of a merchant ship 商船的船长
④male teacher 男教师 eg:
the master of the house 一家之长
the maths master 数学教师 a master’s degree 硕士学位
4．arrange vt. & vi.
(1)put in order 安排；排列；布置 eg:
She is good at arranging flowers. 她擅长插花。
Before going away, he arranged his business affairs. 他离开之前，他把业务都安排好了。
(2)make plans in advance 预做计划 eg:
The Tourist Bureau arranged everything for our journey to Rome. 旅游局为我们去罗马的旅行准备了一切。
(3)arrange+ n. +for +n. 为……安排…… eg:
Mother arranged an appointment for me with the dentist. 母亲替我向牙医预约挂号。
(4)arrange sb. to do … 安排某人做…… eg:
I have arranged him to meet her. 我安排他和她见面。
(5)arrange with sb. to do … 约定与某人做…… eg:
We arranged with his team to play a game of baseball. 我们约好和他们队打一场棒球。
(6)arrange that … 商定，安排。 eg:
He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week. =
He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week. 他安排把会议延后一周召开。
5． failure n.
(1)[U] failing; lack of success 失败；不成功 eg:
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
(2)[C] instance of failing; person, attempt or thing that fails 失败的事例；失败的人，企图或失败的事物 eg:
He was a failure as a teacher. 他不是个好老师。
Success came after many failures. 失败多次之后终于成功。
6． locate vt. & vi.
(1)discover, show the locality of 找出……的位置，指出……的位置 eg:
locate a town on a map 在地图上找出一城市的位置
(2)establish in a place 在一地点设置 eg:
a new school to be located in the suburbs 将设置在郊区的一所新学校
(3)be located 位于 eg:
Our school is located in the center of the town. 我们学校坐落于市中心。
(4)比较location n.
[U] locating or being located 指定位置
[C] position or place 位置；地方 eg:
The hill is a good location for the new church. 那山丘是建筑新教堂的好地点。
7． organ n.
(1)any part of an animal body or plant 动植物器官 eg:
the organs of speech, the tongue, teeth, lips, etc. 语言器官（如舌、牙、唇等）
(2)organization 组织，机构 eg:
Parliament is the chief organ of the government. 国会是政府的主要机关。
(3)musical instrument from which sounds are produced by air forced through pipes, played by keys pressed with the fingers and pedals pressed with the feet 风琴
同、近义词辨析
1．likely, possible 与probable
（1）三者均表可能性，但意思有别。possible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。 eg：
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能来，但也不一定准来。
She is likely to ring me tonight. 今晚她很可能给我来电话。
（2）possible 不能用人做主语。possible 常用于下列句型：
It is possible to do sth. It is possible for sb. to do sth.
It is possible that … eg:
Is it possible to say so?可能这样说吗？
It is possible for me to do it. 我可能做那件事。
（3）probable 也不能用人做主语。一般只用于下面句型中：
It is probable that … eg:
It is probable that he will come. 他很可能要来。
（4）likely 既可用人作主语，也可用物做主语。通可用于“It is likely that …”句型中。 eg:
He is likely to come. = It is likely that he will come. 他可能要来。但不能说：It is likely for him to come.
（5）impossible, improbable, unlikely 用法与上述类似。
2．catch, grasp, seize 与snatch
catch是普通用语，用“设法抓住，捉住”的意思； grasp表示牢牢地“抓住”；seize指“突然用力抓住使不逃脱”；snatch 表示迅速的拉扯动作、出其不意地“抓取”。 eg:
The police caught the thief as he ran. 小偷逃跑时被警察抓住了。
He grasped his gun and rushed out. 他抓起枪就冲了出去。
He seized the gun from the enemy soldier. 他从敌人士兵手中夺过了枪。
The thief snatched her handbag and ran off. 小偷抢走了她的手提包就跑了。
知识点补充
1．Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. 无论中国将来会有什么样的成就，其中许多可能就诞生在北京的西北部。
（1）in store 就要到来，必将发生 eg:
Who knows what the future has in store for us? 谁知道我们将来注定如何？
（2）in store 也有储存着，备用的意思 eg:
The runner kept some energy in store for spurting at the end. 那名赛跑的人为最后冲刺贮存精力。
2． Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and quickly became the leader of China’s hi-tech industry. 在20世界90年代末中关村作为高新科技特区被创立并迅速成为中国高科技工业的先锋。
（1）set up-establish 建立 eg:
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem. 政府成立工作组调查此问题。
（2）in the late 1990s 又可写成in the late 1990’s 二十世纪九十年代末
in the early 1980s 二十世纪八十年代初
（3）hi-tech= high technology 高科技，高技术
3． When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return home but couldn’t find a company where I could use what I had learnt. 当我获得硕士学位时，我想回到家乡，可是我没能找到学有所用的公司。
（1）本句是一个复合句。When I got my master’s degree 为时间状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词wanted。wanted和couldn’t find为并列谓语动词，由并列连词but连接。where I could use what I had learnt为定语从句，修饰先行词company。what I had learnt 为宾语从句。
（2）a master’s degree 硕士学位 a doctor’s degree 博士学位a bachelor’s degree 学士学位
又如：Master of Arts 文学硕士 Doctor of Law 法学博士Bachelor of Science 理学学士
4．I will never forget how happy I was when I set foot in China again and was back with my friends and family. 我永远不会忘记当再次踏上中国土地和我的朋友及亲人团聚时，那种感觉有多幸福。
（1）本句是复合句。How happy I was …为宾语从句。when I set foot in China again and was back with … 为时间状语从句。
（2）set foot in/on 进入，踏进 eg:
She said she wouldn’t set foot in the room until it had been properly cleaned.
她说直到这屋子收拾好了她才住进去。
No man has ever set foot on that deserted island. 没有人曾光顾过那个荒芜的岛。
5． “Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power”- makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future. “依靠科学，技术，知识发展经常”，它阐明了科学和商业能够且必须结合在一起共创未来。
（1）此句为复合句。it为形式宾语，代表that引导的宾语从句。
（2）rely on/upon信赖，依赖 eg: He can always be relied upon or help. 他的帮助是永远可依赖的。
You may rely on my early arrival. 你放心好了，我会早到的。
（3）make…clear 表明，讲清楚 eg:
Have I made myself clear? 我讲清楚了吗？
They wanted to make it clear that they did an important and necessary job. 他们想说明他们做着一项重要且必要的工作。
6． …but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguanzun. 但是我们为所有这些在中关村富有活力的新技术和卓越的想法而感到激动。
（1）that are coming to life in Zhongguancun 为定语从句，修饰先行词ideas。
（2）come to life 苏醒；恢复生气 eg:
We all thought he was drowned, but after an hour’s artificial respiration he came back to life.
我们都以为他淹死了，但经过一小时的人工呼吸后，他又苏醒了。
When I told the students the good news, they all came to life.
当我告诉学生们这个好消息时，他们都活跃起来了。
The Fifth Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following words: brand , luggage , achieve , organ
2. Review the words appearing in the last two periods.
3. Learn about Word Formation.
Teaching Important Points;
1. Learn some words which are closest in meaning,
2. Study the ways of forming a word.
3. Study the meaning of some affixes and stems.
Teaching Difficult Point;
How to help the students master some knowledge of Word Formation,
Teaching Methods;
1. Doing exercises to review the learnt words.
2. Studying and practising to master the ways of forming a word.
3. Pair or group work to make every student take an active part in class.
Teaching Aids:
1. the multimedia
2. the blackboard
Teaching Procedures :
Step I Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step II Revision
In the last period, we read the passage Zhongguancun and learned much about it. Now, who can tell me something about it? Get some Ss to try it.
Zhongguancun, in Beijing's Haidian District, is the new centre for Chinese science and technology. The centre itself got started in the early 1980s and was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s. Then it quickly became the leader of China's hi-tech industry. A growing number of overseas have returned to China and grasped the opportunity to develop their ideas at Zhongguancun. Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science. Today, there are more than 8 000 hi-tech companies in Zhongguancun, more than half of which are IT companies. What has made Zhongguancun a success is the spirit of creativity and scientific skill.
We all know Zhongguancun is the leader of China's hi-tech industry as Silicon Valley in the USA. So sometimes it is called China's Silicon Valley. In the last class, I asked you to use a library or the Internet to find out more about Silicon Valley and then compare the two areas. Now who'd like to tell us how similar or different they are?
Both Zhongguancun and Silicon Valley are home to Internet industry as well as hi-tech companies, most of which are founded by students, faculty and staff members from the surrounding universities. However* as a fledgling hi-tech community, Zhongguancun has many differences from Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley has evolved a culture that is tuned to market-driven innovation, while in Zhongguancun, innovation is still largely driven by technology. In addition, investors in Silicon Valley are frequently an integral parts of companies day-to-day operations. While in Zhongguancun. Investors has been used only as a source of financing.
Let's do an exercise.
Please look at the screen.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
Find the right explanation for each word.
1. zone 2. significant 3. institute 4. achievement 5. announce
6. grasp 7. giant 8. perfect
A. something you have worked hard for and done well
B. to say something in public
C. to take hold of something firmly
D. a group of people who want to study a special thing, or the building used by such a group
E. without any fault or bad points
F. large and important; having a special meaning
G. unusually large person, animal, plant, business organization, etc.
H. area or region with a particular feature or use
Suggested answers: l.-H 2.-F 3.-D 4.-A 5. -B 6.-C 7. -G 8. -E
Step III Word Study
Page 5. We'll deal with Word Study. First, Word Study. Then, Word Formation. Look at the exercise in Word Study now. Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. First, do it by yourself. Then check the answers with your partner. In the end, collect the right answers.
Suggested answers:
LA 2.B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C
Step IV Word Formation
Word formations
1. introduce the main ways of word formation: (the following may be of help during your teaching)
The main Processes of English Word-formation:
a. Prefixation: disagree, unimportant, non-smoker, minibus, overuse, antibiotics, underdeveloped, post-war, pre-school, renew, bimonthly, multi-racial;
b. Suffixation: percentage, girlhood, Londoner, hostess, employee, puzzlement, hopeless, changeable, talkative, deepen;
c. Conversion: desire-v. to long for, to wish/ n. strong longing, earnest wish; hit-v, to give a blow/ n. blow; They downed the tools.
d. Compounding: deadline, above-mentioned, chewing-gum, sun-bather, table talk, fathead, redcap, easygoing, sleep-walk,
The minor processes of English word-formation:
e. clipping or shortening: phone (for telephone), ad (for advertisement), prof (for professor), flu (for influenza), pub (for public house);
f. Acronyms(首字母缩略词): UN, VIP, NATO,DA (Doctor of Arts) , H-bomb (Hydrogen bomb);
g. Blending: branch, motel, Eurasia,
h. Back-formation: to beg from beggar, to baby-sit from baby-sitter, to greed from greedy.
i .Forming new words by analogy:
Moonrise is derived from the word sunrise by analogy.
j. Onomatopoeia:
Bark, giggle, bang, murmur.
2. Ss study examples on p6 and see if they can tell the processes of the words.
Study Word Formation. First, look at the words on the screen. (Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
international = inter-+ national
telephone = tele- + phone :
mankind = man+ kind
broadband= broad + band
extremely = extreme + ly
manned = man+ -ed
hi-tech= high + technology
e-school = electronic school
IT=information technology
CSA = Chinese Space Agency
The Ss are given two minutes to study the words and find out the ways of forming a word. Then ask some students to explain how they are formed.
Look at the stems and affixes on the screen. Match each of them with the right meaning on the
right.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
trans-
-graph
tele-
super-
co-
vis-
bio-
Sub-
-port- carry
see
below
life
together/with
more than usual
far
across
writing
The Ss are given two minutes to prepare. Then check your answers.
Suggested answers:
trans- = across tele- = far co- = together/with bio- = life vis- = see -graph= writing -port-= carry sub-= below super-=more than usual
Please look at the screen. Let's do another exercise.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
Use context clues and what you know about word parts to guess the meaning of the underlined words.
1. ____ Many countries import most of the oil they use.
2. ____ He studied biophysics at college.
3. ____ It is very important to learn how to cooperate with others.
4. ____ All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train. 5. ____ My cousin has an excellent voice. Her dream is to become a
superstar.
(Teacher asks some students to do it. One student, one sentence. )
Suggested answers :
1．进口 2.生命物理 3.合作 4.运输 5.超级歌星
Step V Consolidation
Page 6 and look at Part 4. Read the news article and tell how the words in bold are formed. First, look at the given example to make sure you know how to do it. Then work in pairs to finish it. After a few minutes, check your answers.
Suggested answers
showcase= show+ case breakthrough= break + through
bioengineering = bio- + engineering outstanding = out + standing
enable= en- + able restore = re- + store
indirectly = indirect+-ly strengthen= strength+-en
Step VI Summary and Homework
T. Well. Let's see what we've learnt in this class. First, we've reviewed the words learnt in the last period. Then, we've learnt about Word Formation CD. We've learnt some ways of forming a word, such as derivation, compound and short form. This way, we know how to guess new words according to the meanings of the stems and affixes as well as the context clues. After class, please review what we've learnt in this class and preview the next part in this unit - Integrating Skills.
Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
The Third Period
Word Formation
Ways of forming a word
a. derivation: international, telephone, extremely, manned
b. compound: mankind, broadband
c. short form: hi-tech, e-school, IT, CSA
The Sixth Period
Teaching Aims;
1. Learn and master the following words and phrases:
boom, put forward, breakthrough, agency, announce, evolution, supercomputer
2. Train the students' integrating skills, especially reading and writing skills.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Help the students understand the passages exactly and master the following words and phrases: put forward, aim at, announce, map out
2. Learn to write a persuasion essay to train the students' writing ability.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to help the students finish the task of writing.
Teaching Methods:
1. Fast and then careful reading to improve the students' reading ability.
2. Learning tips to help the students learn to write a persuasion essay.
3. Individual, pair or group work to make the students finish each task.
Teaching Aids:
1. the multimedia
2. the blackboard
Teaching Procedures-
Step I Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step II Revision and Lead-in
(Show the following on the screen. )
Study the sentences and guess the meaning of each underlined word. Explain how the word is formed.
1. The average output of the factory is 20 cars a day.
2. She has written good essays before, but this one is substandard.
3. He is a kind of intellectual superman.
4. The lack of a common language made it very difficult to intercommunicate (with each other).
5. Transplant the seedlings into peaty soil,
6. Have you read an e-book?
7. When did China join the WTO?
8. They helped us to map out a long-term plan.
Suggested answers
1. output = out+ put产量
2. substandard = sub-+ standard低于标准的，不够标准的
3. superman = super-+ man超人
4. intercommunicate= inter- + communicate互相联系
5. transplant=trans-+plant移植
6. e-book = electronic +book电子图书
7. WTO＝World Trade Organization世贸组织
8. long-term=long + term长期的
Today, we've going to read about some scientific achievements in China. First，let's learn the new words.
(Teacher shows the screen and deals with the new words.)
boom /bu:m/.n. (经济、工商业的)繁荣（期），迅速发展期；（营业等的）激增，
put forward提出，建议；推荐’
△rejuvenate / / vt. 繁荣昌盛；使返老还童；使恢复（青春）活力，
breakthrough／/ n．（知识或技术领域的）重大突破；重大进展（发现）
（军事上的）突围；
△impressive / / .adj. 激动人心的；感人的．给人深刻印象的：
agency／ / n.（行政或职能）机构；代理机构
announce／ / vt. 宣布．宣告
△genome／/ n:基因组；染色体组
△element／ / n．元素；要素，组成部分：
evolution, / / n．发展，展开：进化
△byte /bait/，．［计〕字节．比特，
supercomputer / / n．超级计算机‘：
△humanoid／ / adj. 具有人的形状或特点的；类人的。
Step III Reading
Page 7. Look at Reading and Writing. Read each passage quickly and find out the answers to the following two questions on the screen. (Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
1. What plan has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs?
2. Which scientific fields are mentioned in the text?
( After a while, teacher checks the answers. )
1. The plan for ”rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education“.
2. Exploring space, genetic research, computer engineering and medical science.
(Teacher writes the answers above on the blackboard.)
Read the passages again carefully, trying to understand them more exactly and pay attention to some detailed information. After that, work in groups to complete the chart after the passages according to what is tearnt from the text. After four minutes, check answers.
Suggested answers:
Exploring space
Achievements: The Chinese space Agency has developed the highly successful Long March rocket series.
Importance: The rockets are used to prepare for the nation's first manned space flight.
Genetic research
Achievements: Chinese scientists have completed mapping out their part of the international human genetic project,
Importance; It has proved that Chinese scientists are among the world's best. It helps to solve the mysteries of life.
Computer engineering
Achievements: Chinese computer engineers have developed the supercomputer Shenwei.
Importance: The nation's first humanoid robot has been built.
Medical science
Achievements: Scientists have been able to create a chemical element that can fight cancer cells.
Importance: The breakthrough makes the cure of deadly disease possible.
(After that, teacher deals with the language points. )
Now, let's learn some useful words and expressions. Please look at the screen. (Teacher shows the following on the screen and gives brief explanations to make sure the students understand how to use them correctly.)
1. put forward: advance, propose or suggest sth. for discussion
e. g. He is putting forward radical proposals for electoral reform.
2. aim at: intend or try to do sth.
e. g. We must aim at increasing exports.
3. announce : make (sth. ) known publicly
e. g. They announced their engagement to the family.
Have they announced when the race will begin?
4. map out: present sth. in detail
e. g. He mapped out his ideas on the news project.
Step IV Listening and Reading Aloud
Play the tape for the Ss to listen. The first time, listen and follow. The second time, listen and repeat.
(Teacher begins to play the tape. )
Step V Writing
Writing part. The Ss have been asked by the magazine Modern Science to help them choose the greatest scientific achievement ever. Write a short essay, telling them which achievement you
have chosen and explaining why you think that it is the most important. In order that they can write your essay better. They’d better read and study the tips at Page 8 carefully before writing.
Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
The Fourth Period
I . Areas
exploring space
genetic research
computer engineering
medical science
II. Words and phrases
put forward
aim at
announce
map out
The Seventh Period
Revision:
Go over the important points in this unit once again, and give Ss some additional reading materials if possible.
Zhongguancun Science Park is China's biggest science park with a high concentration of scientific and technological institutions and intellectual resources. Located in this area are 39 institutions of higher learning represented by Beijing University and Tsinghua University. There are 213 research institutions as exemplified by the institutions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and 37% of the academicians of both the CAS and CAE are living and working in this area. Each year, thousands of sophisticated research discoveries emerge in this area and pour out to all places throughout China. Many state-level laboratories and important engineering and technology centers are concentrated in this area too. Zhongguancun Science Park is the largest software development and production center in China.
Zhongguancun Science Park in fact is composed of five science zones like Haidian Zone, Fengtai Zone, Changping Zone, the Electronic City Zone and Yizhuang Zone. Some ten thousand new and hi-tech enterprises, such as Legend, Stone, Founder, Zhongguancun Science and Technology, Tsinghua Tongfang, Netease, are all doing their business at Zhongguancun. In addition, there are some 1500 R&D centers and hi-tech companies set up by or invested by renowned overseas transnational companies like IBM, Microsoft, Mitsubishi in this area as well as 40 overseas listed companies. At present Zhongguancun has become the most important growth point in the economic development of the capital which makes a contribution of 60% of the total industrial growth of the city. The business income generated from the industry, trade and technology of Zhongguancun Science Park in 2001 accounted for 18% of the total income of all the 53 national new and hi-tech parks.
In June 1999, the State Council of China officially approved the ”Note of Request to Expedite the Building of Zhongguancun Science Park for the Purpose of Implementing the Strategy of Rejuvenating the Country through Science and Education“ by the Beijing Municipal Government and the Ministry of Science and Technology and instructed the Beijing Municipal Government and the Ministry of Science and Technology to speed up the construction process of Zhongguancun Science Park in order to build it into a comprehensive reform trial base for implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the two essential changes, a model base of international technical innovation with competitiveness, an incubator and radiating center for its scientific and technological achievements with its footing in the capital city of Beijing but facing the whole country and a base for training innovators and a first-class science park in the world. This is the most important trans-century decision made by the central government after its decisions of establishing the Shenzhen Special Zone in 1980s and opening up Shanghai's Pudong area in 1990s.
Beijing People's Municipal Government promulgated ”Regulations of the Zhongguancun Science Park“ on January 1, 2001, which provides the legal basis and guideline for its future development. The Park is now moving on at vigorous strides in promoting technology innovation in accordance with the principle of ”Bold innovation in the areas not banned by the law" with the ambition of achieving great changes every year and make the Park a first-rate science park in the world within 10 years.
Zhongguancun is indeed a place full of opportunities and challenges as well as bright hopes. All domestic and overseas companies and individuals are welcome to Zhongguancun for business development.
★ Unit 18 知识点(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
★ unit 1-3 重点知识点回顾(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
★ unit 19单词详解(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
★ Unit 14单词详解(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
★ Unit 12 Fact and Fantasy(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
★ 高二下册教学设计
★ NSEFC2B Unit 13 全单元教案4(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
★ UNIT FOUR A GARDEN OF POEMS(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
★ 高二unit 1 语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
★ 高二《设计》教案
