今天小编在这给大家整理了同位语从句语法详解（共含7篇），我们一起来看看吧！同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“yfjnmsyfj”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
什么是同位语
例如：王思聪，“国民老公”，被称为“娱乐圈纪委书记”。
王思聪就是“国民老公”。
“国民老公”就是王思聪。
“国民老公”就是王思聪的同位语。
同位语的特征
引导词几乎都是抽象名词，news，possibility(可能性)，chance(可能性)，word(消息)，phenomenon(现象)， fact，evidence(证据)，belief(信念)等。
The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to us.
关联词有that，whether，why，when，how等等，关联词的选用由句子意思决定：缺什么选什么，意思完整选用that。
I have no idea whether he will come back tomorrow.
同位语的判断方法
方法：在引导词和同位语从句加上“是”能够成为一个完整的句子就是同位语从句。
The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to us.
The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.
事实是地球绕着太阳转。
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基本概念
1． 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2． 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
你在哪儿听说我不能来？
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：
I have no idea whether hell come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.
那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
重点疑难
1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别
that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句
句法功能上 that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。 that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。
意义上 从句是被修饰名词的内容。 从句起限定作用，是定语
如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。)
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。)
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
专项练习
A.用适当的连接词填空：
1.It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.
2.I have no idea we can do with these waste materials.
3. the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
4.It is hoped nature will never be destroyed.
5. do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?
6.---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that you had a few days off?
7.Word came I was wanted at the office.
8.Do you know of them will be our new headmaster?
9.The teacher didnt tell me we were wrong.
10.Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.
B.单项选择：
1.It was true Alice did surprised her mother.
A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that
2.Does matter much he cant come to the meeting.
A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether
3.----What are you anxious about? ---- .
A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed
C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed
4.The reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard-working.
A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because
5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person
6.I really dont know ____________ I had this photo taken.
A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why
7.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember .
A. where B. there C. which D. that
8.----What do you think of China?
---- different life is today from it used to be.
A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that
9. Give this to you think can do the work well.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
10. troubles me is I cant learn all these English idioms by heart.
A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that
Keys:
A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that
5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which
9. where 10. whatever
B. 1-5 CABBB 6-10 ACACD
考研英语 考研英语同位语从句详解
名词性从句在每年的考研英语试卷中出现频次较高,在各种题目中经常出现。掌握同位语从句，需要仔细研读以下学习维度的内容：
一、定义
一个名词或代词后面有时跟一个名词或起名词作用的成分，对前者进一步说明，叫做同位语。
在某些名词后可以用that, whether, when等引导的从句作同位语，称为同位语从句。这些名词有：
agreement一致意见 assumption假定 awareness意识
belief看法 conclusion结论 conviction深信
decision决定 delusion错觉 determination决心
discovery发现 doubt怀疑 dream梦想
evidence证据 explanation解释 fact事实
feeling感觉 guarantee保证 guess猜测
hope希望 idea观点 knowledge认识
likelihood可能性 message信息 mind想法
news消息 notion观念 objection反对
opinion观点 possibility可能性 prediction预测
probability可能性 problem问题 proof证据
proposal建议 proposition论点、主张 question问题
realization认识 rumor传闻 sign迹象
truth事实 theory理论 thought想法
二、结构
(一)由that引导
・I have no doubt that he will overcome all this difficulties.
他会克服一切困难，对此我并不感到怀疑。
【特别提示】：同位语从句引导词that不可省略。
(二)由whether引导
・The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been decided.
我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作，这个问题还未决定。
(三)由其他词引导的同位语从句
・I have not made up my mind what elective subjects I am to take next term.
我还没有决定好下学期上哪些选修课。
・When you are about halfway through the story, try to make a guess how the plot
will develop.
当你把故事读到一半时，猜测一下情节将如何发展。
・I have no idea when I will be back from Shanghai.
我不知道我什么时候从上海回来。
(四)同位语从句与被修饰名词的分割
有时，为了保持句式的平衡，将同谓语从句与被修饰的名词分割，其间出现其他成分。
・Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.
人们日益担心，证人可能会因此而受到鼓励，在法庭上夸大事实以保证陪审团对被告做出有罪的判决。(这里先行词concerns与that同位语从句被谓语were raised隔开。)
三、翻译方法
同位语从句有以下五种翻译方法：
① 可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。
② 放在所修饰的名词前面，充当定语。
③ 译成独立句子：先翻译主句，然后用“就是……”或者“即……”引导出同位语从句，或者把同位语从句译成独立的句子，由冒号或破折号引出。
④ 用代词指代：先把同位语从句中的内容翻译出来，在后面用“这”或“那”等代词复指它，参加句子主体的构成。
⑤ 译成宾语 ：把同位语从句修饰的.名词转译成动词，而把同位语从句译成宾语。
【真题例句】
What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
【解析】
句子可拆分为：What is harder to establish is //whether the productivity revolution //that businessmen assume //they are presiding over// is for real.
主句为What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution is for real。主句包含两个从句成分：从句what is harder to establish作主语;whether the productivity revolution is for real作表语;that they are presiding over为定语从句修饰the productivity revolution; 此定语从句中businessmen assume为主谓结构的插入语。以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句及表语从句在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
【参考译文】
难以确定的是，商界人士认为他们所主导的生产力革命是否真的存在。
▼主语从句的概念与类型
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who, what,which, whoever, whatever, whichever和连接副词when, where, why, how等.
例如:
That she was chosen made us very happy.
她当选了使我们很高兴.
What caused the accident is a completemystery.
是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜.
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否来还是一个问题.
Which team will win the match is stillunknown.
哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道.
Whoever comes to the party will receive apresent.
参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物.
When they will start has not been decidedyet.
他们何时出发还没决定.
注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.
例如:
It is a pity that she has made such amistake.
她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.
It depends on the climate whether they aregoing shopping today.
他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况.
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
1)It is + adj. / n. +从句
It is a pity/shame that...遗憾的是……
It is possible that...很可能……
It is unlikely that...不可能……
2)It +不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that...似乎……
It happened that...碰巧……
3)It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that...据说……
It is known to all that...众所周知……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that...有人建议……
It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
It has been proved that...已证明…….
例如:
It is believed that at least a score ofbuildings were damaged or destroyed.
据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉.
It is suggested that the meeting should beput off.
有人建议会议延期召开.
It's reported that three people were killedin the accident and five were hurt badly.
据报道,事故中三人丧生,五人重伤.
It is known to all that Taiwan is aninseparable part of China.
众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分.
▼主语从句的语法
<例句>
It's certain that prices will go up.
物价肯定要上涨的。
<语法分析>
主语从句可以由that引导，此外还可由连接代词或连接副词引导，关系代词what或whatever也可引导主语从句。由that引导的主语从句是用的最多的一种主语从句，有时为了强调，可以把从句放在句首，而绝大部分主语从句则借助先行主语放到句子后部去。
<触类旁通>
(1)That she hasn't phoned is odd.
她没有来电话很奇怪。
语法分析：that引导的主语从句。
(2)That he was chosen made a tremendous stir in his village.
他被选中在他村子里引起很大轰动。
语法分析：有时为了强调或谓语较长时，可以把从句放在句首。
(3)It is natural that they should have different views.
他们有不同观点是很自然的。
语法分析：it+be+形容词或名词+that从句。
(4)It happened that he wasn't in that day.
恰巧他那天不在。
语法分析：it+动词+that从句。
(5)It's doubtful whether we'll be able to come.
我们是否能来还是个疑问。
语法分析：连接代词或连接副词可引导主语从句。
(6)What will be,will be.
该发生的事，总会发生。
语法分析：关系代词型what也可引导主语从句。
<巩固练习>
(1)______ he is still alive is a consolation.
(2)It's strange ______ she knows nothing about it.
(3)It may be ______ you'll prove yourself the most suitable.
(4)______ is to be sent there hasn't been decided.
(5)It was clear enough ______ she meant.
(6)______ is over is over.
(7)______ he says goes.
(8)______ she saw made her tremble.
<参考答案>
(1)That (2)that (3)that (4)What (5)what (6)What (7)Whatever (8)What
▼主语从句的注意问题
1)引导词that与what
what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等).这时what相当于all that/everything that...,常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等.)”;而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.
例如:
What is done can't be undone.
(谚语)已成定局,无可挽回.
What we can't get seems better than what wehave.
我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好. That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serioussituation is important.
我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要.
That a new teacher will come to teach usgeography is true.
一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的.
▼主语从句的语气
在It is necessary / natural/ important / strange...+ that-clause
这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用“should+原形”,表虚似语气.
例如:
It is necessary that the problem should besettled at once.
这个问题必须马上解决.
It's strange that he should have gone awaywithout telling us.
他竟然没向我们说一声就走了,真是奇怪.
巩固练习
15. It isnecessary that a college student _______ at least a foreign language.
A. masters B.should master C. mastered D. will master
四、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别
“It be + adj./n. + that-clause”与强调句型均有It be...that...之类的语言标志,但不同的是:①前者中的that从句是主语从句.若删掉其中的It be和that,则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子;但若将后者中的It be和that去掉,则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子.②强调句型译为汉语时可加上“正是……”或“就是……”之类的字眼,而主语从句则不可以.
请比较下面两个句子:
It is surprising that Mary should have wonfirst place.
令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名. It is Mary that has won first place.
正是玛莉得了第一名.
第一句话中的It是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句.句中的It is和that无法删除,一旦删除句子就不成立.
第二句是强调句型,其中的It is和that可以去掉,因为没有It is和that句子仍然很通顺.
一、定语从句的构成：先行词(所修饰的名词)+关系代词/关系副词(从属连词)+从句
二、定语从句的类型：根据从属连词的不同可以将定语从句分为三种类型：关系代词引导的定语从句，关系副词引导的定语从句，和as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
在这一类从句中需要注意的是关系代词在句子中所起的作用。首先，关系代词连接主句和从句;其次关系代词指代所修饰的先行词;最后关系代词往往在从句中做主语或者宾语，且做主语时关系代词不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。
例1：He who laughs last laughs best. (笑到最后的人笑得最美。)
分析：who引导定语从句修饰主句的主语he，且在从句中做主语，不能省略。
例2：He is collecting authentic material which can prove his argument. (他正在收集确凿的证据以证明他的观点。)
分析：that引导定语从句修饰名词material，且在从句中做主语，不能省略。
例3：The house (which) we bought last month is very beautiful. (我们上周买的这套房子很漂亮。)
分析：which引导定语从句修饰名词house，且在从句中做宾语，可以省略。
例4：The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside. (妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。)
分析：whose引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词the girl，且在从句中做主语，不可以省略。
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
前三种关系副词在考研英语中出镜率比较高，最后一种不太常见，容易被考生忽略。关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
例1：The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments when the pictures speak for themselves. (播音员必须懂得沉默的价值，懂得在画面不需要解释说明的时刻如何利用沉默。)
分析：when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的名词moments，在从句中做时间状语。
例2：When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operation is established where time lose due to injuries is kept at a minimum. (工作完成后，一种无事故操作的环境被建立起来，在这种环境中，由于伤害造成的时间损失被保持在最低水平。)
分析：where引导定语从句修饰表示场合的名词climate，在从句中做地点状语。
例3：Do you know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine? (你知道蒸汽机中存在热损耗的原因吗?)
分析：why引导定语从句修饰名词reason，在从句中做原因状语。
例4：Teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (按照传统，教书是许多知识分子借以谋生的手段。)
3. as/which引导的非限制性定语从句
As/which引导的非限制性定语从句不仅可以修饰某个词语，而且可以修饰整个主句。而as引导的从句位置灵活，既可以位于句首，也可以位于句尾或者句中。且有些表达已经固定下来，如as is known to all 众所周知;as is often the case 情况往往如此。相比而言，which的位置就比较受限制，通常位于句末。
例1：Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry----William Shakespeare. (众所周知，艾文河畔的斯特拉特福镇，只有一种产业――威廉.莎士比亚。)
分析：as引导定语从句，使用了其固定表达。
例2：She is quite considerate and kind, which her younger sister never is. (她非常善良、体贴，而她妹妹却从不这样。)
分析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。
(1)名词性从句(归属于名词类)：
主语从句
表语从句
宾语从句
同位语从句
(2)形容词性从句(起描绘名词的修饰作用，归属于形容词类)：
定语从句
(3)副词性从句(起描绘谓语动词的修饰作用，归属于副词类)：
状语从句
1.名词性从句
1.1主语从句——一般们于句子的开头，以从属连词引导。
•连接主语从句的连词
纯连词：that(不有词义，只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分)
whether
连接副词：when, where, how, why
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, which
That Jack got an A for his physics is a surprise.
杰克的物理得了优秀真是令人惊喜的。
That July went to New York is no news now.
朱莉去纽约一事可不是什么新闻了。
注意，此类主语从句通常必成以下形式，显得更平衡自然一些：
It is surprise that Jack got an A for hisphysics.
It is no news now that July went to NewYork.
此类从句中的that是不能省略的，因为省去that后就不看出是从句了。
Whether she agrees or not is nothing to me.
她是否同意对我毫无影响。
Whether we come or not depends on the weather.
我们是否来取决于天气。
此类主语从句中的whether既起连接作用，又有意思，不能省略。
特别需要注意的是：
用whether引导的主语从句，不能使用if代替：
×If she agrees or no is nothing to me.
×If we come or not depends on the wether.
When we set out is not decided yet.
我们何时出发还没定下来呢。
How she succeeded remains a secret.
他怎么成功的仍然是一个秘密。
Where Bob chooses to stay is up to him.
鲍勃选择在哪里居住由他自己决定。
What the teacher stressed will be in the exam paper.
老师强调的内容会出现在考卷中。
Who is the new teacher matters a lot.
谁当新教师关系可大了。
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一、同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，属于名词性从句的范畴，同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。同位语从句的先行词通常为answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词。例如：
1. The news that his heath is failing made us sad.
他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。
2. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.
我不知道他们在哪里度假。
3. The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。
4. There is no doubt that he will come here again.
他会再来这里， 这是毫无疑问的。
5. He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.
他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。
二、掌握同位语从句的用法要注意以下两个问题：
1. 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面， 而是被别的词隔开， 以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。// Word came that Hussein had been captured. 侯赛因已被捕的消息传来。
2. 同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，但是，同位语从句相当于名词的作用，而定于从句相当于形容词的作用，同位语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明，是该名词性成分具体内容的体现。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰、说明先行词的性质或特征。定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当特定的句子成分(that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语，充当定语从句中宾语的that经常可被省略)。例如：
1) We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.
我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。
(how引导的从句表示其前面的名词the problem的具体内容， 属于同位语从句)
2)I can’t remember the problem that they have.
我记不得他们的问题了。(引导词that就是that引导的从句中have的宾语， the problem的具体内容也没有得到说明， 故本句中that引导的从句是修饰problem的定语从句)
3)I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.
我不愿相信他对母亲撒谎的事实。(that引导同位语从句对fact的具体内容进行说明， that在其中不充当具体的句子成分)
4)I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me.
我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。(that引导定语从句对fact进行限定， that在该从句中充当宾语)
5) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。(句中的第一个that引导定语从句限定先行词news， 第二个that引导表语从句)
6)We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
7)We have no idea at all where he has gone.
我们根本不知道他去哪里了。(where引导同位语从句说明idea的具体内容)
8)But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clone?”
但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”
★ 同位语从句例句
★ 定语从句
