下面给大家分享高中英语同位语的知识点(共含6篇),欢迎阅读!同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“一美带我飙车”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
1. 定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2. 用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,关联词多用从属连词that。
例如:
they were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。
where did you get the idea that i could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来?
注:同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。
例如:i have no idea whether he'll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。
例如:
the question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。
it is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
注:
1.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。
例如:
this is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯一的请求:尽快解决这个问题。
2.引导词that在同位语从句中不作句子成分;而在定语从句中必作句子成分,是从句所修饰的词的替代词。
例如:
the fact that the chinese people invented the compass is known to all.中国人发明指南针这个事实是众所周知的。(同位语从句)
the fact that we talked about is very important.我们谈论的这个事实很重要。(定语从句)
用法
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。
1、名词作同位语
Mr Wang, my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.
王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们。
(在这里'my child's teacher'做同位语修饰'Mr Wang')
2、短语作同位语
I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.
我,作为家里最大的女孩,总是要照料家中的其他孩子。
3、直接引语作同位语
But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”
但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”
4、句子作同位语
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.
巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
固定用法
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较“固定”。
1、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won.
我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
2、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility,decision等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
3、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。连接副词how,when,where等。(注:if不能引导同位语从句。)
He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
4、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。
引导词
同位语从句的引导词,引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。
1、that引导
that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。that不能省略,没有具体的意思,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。
(注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略)
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。(作idea的同位语)
【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.
他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2、whether引导
(注:if不能引导同位语从句)
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
3、连接代词what,who,whom,whose引导
1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.
我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语)
2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. (who作主语)
4、连接副词when,where,how,why引导
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。
一、同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。同位语从句的先行词通常为answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词。例如:
1. The news that his heath is failing made us sad.
他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。
2. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.
我不知道他们在哪里度假。
3. The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。
4. There is no doubt that he will come here again.
他会再来这里, 这是毫无疑问的。
5. He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.
他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。
二、掌握同位语从句的用法要注意以下两个问题:
1. 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面, 而是被别的词隔开, 以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡。例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。// Word came that Hussein had been captured. 侯赛因已被捕的消息传来。
2. 同位语从句和定语从句结构相似,但是,同位语从句相当于名词的作用,而定于从句相当于形容词的作用,同位语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明,是该名词性成分具体内容的体现。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰、说明先行词的性质或特征。定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当特定的句子成分(that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语,充当定语从句中宾语的that经常可被省略)。例如:
1) We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.
我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。
(how引导的从句表示其前面的名词the problem的具体内容, 属于同位语从句)
2)I can’t remember the problem that they have.
我记不得他们的问题了。(引导词that就是that引导的从句中have的宾语, the problem的具体内容也没有得到说明, 故本句中that引导的从句是修饰problem的定语从句)
3)I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.
我不愿相信他对母亲撒谎的事实。(that引导同位语从句对fact的具体内容进行说明, that在其中不充当具体的句子成分)
4)I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me.
我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。(that引导定语从句对fact进行限定, that在该从句中充当宾语)
5) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。(句中的第一个that引导定语从句限定先行词news, 第二个that引导表语从句)
6)We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。
7)We have no idea at all where he has gone.
我们根本不知道他去哪里了。(where引导同位语从句说明idea的具体内容)
8)But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”
但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”
句型3
“wish +宾语从句”,表示不大 可能实现的愿望
表示现在的愿望:主语+过去时;
表示过去的愿望:主语+had done;
表示将来的愿望:主语+would/could do
[例句]
How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己!
I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time playing!
What a pity you can’t go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!
★ 同位语从句例句
★ 高中英语学习方法