以下是小编帮大家整理的高一英语定语从句的课件（共含11篇），仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“朴实的大狗子”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的`名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语）
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例 如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从 句，在非正式文体中that常被省略（正式文体中不可省略），例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要 求用关系代词。例如：
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系 副词.先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，应选择关系代词；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选 择关系副词。
例如：（对）Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
（对）Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
一、定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、定语从句的种类以及区别
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）
和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）
不用逗号分开
一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that引导
不可用关系代词that引导
可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）
不可以省略
可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）
不能替代
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分
修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。
请看下面例句的不同含义：
限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。
She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.
(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)
非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。
She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.
(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)
三、关系代词的用法区分
1.修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分
?只能使用that的情况：
（1）当先行词即有人又有物时。
eg. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.
（2）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bi...
英语定语从句课件资源
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
高一英语定语从句句子
1.定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号;
定语从句分为两大类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，区分它们有两个标准：1）从内容上看，限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密，不可去掉，去掉后意思就不完整了；非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。2）从形式上看，限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开，而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。请看例句：
The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.(限制性)
The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees in the field.(非限制性)
解析：第一句中的who is wearing a blue necklace是限制性定语从句，没有逗号，不那去掉，否则意思不完整。
定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；
例句：
1)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.
有人要和你讲话。
2)Those who were for the plan raised their hands.
那些赞成计划的举起了手。
3)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
解析：例句中somebody、those是代词，novel是名词，是被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词，可以做先行词的是名词和代词两类。
定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系；
定语从句都在先行词之后，连接定从和先行词的词，叫做关系词。关系词有两类：关系代词和关系副词。关系词要注意两点：1）它的人称、数和意思完全等同于先行词，2）关系词在定语从句中做一定的句子成分。
例句 1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
正在踢足球的男生们是一班的。
解析：who＝boys , 在定语从句中做主语，所以其后谓语用are。
例句 2) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的运动。
解析：which=game, 在定语从句中做主语。
例句 3）I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
我仍然还记得第一次到学校的那一天。
解析：when是关系副词＝on the day, 在定语从句中做时间状语。
例句 4）The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
十年前我居住的房子已经被拆了。
解析：where是关系副词＝in the house, 在定语从句中做地点状语。
例句 5）Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。
解析：why是关系副词＝for the reason, 在定语从句中做原因状语。
高一英语定语从句造句
一、什么是定语(Attributive) :
a loyal friend 形容词作定语
a woman teacher 名词作定语
a girl with long hair 介词短语作后置定语
falling / fallen leaves 分词作定语
定语从句在句中相当于一个定语的成分起修饰的'作用。
二、定语从句的构成：
1)which/that
a. Annawas wearing a hat.
b. Itwas too dirty.
定从： Annawas wearing a hat which/that was too dirty. (主语)
安娜戴了一顶很脏的帽子。
a. The hat was too dirty.
b. Anna was wearing a hat
定从： The hat that/ which Anna was wearing was too dirty.(宾语)
安娜戴着的那顶帽子太脏了。
2). who/whom
a. I meta boy.
b. Theboy can speak three languages.
定从： I met a boy who can speak three languages. (主语)
我见到了一个能说三种语言的男孩儿。
a. Theboy can speak three languages.
b. I met a boy.
定从：The boy whom/ who I met can speak three languages. (宾语)
我见到的男孩儿能说三种语言。
3. whose
a. We saw some people.
b. Their arms had broken.
定从： We saw some people whose arms had broken.
我们看见了一些手臂受了伤的人。
a. The desk belongs to Mary.
b. The leg of the desk is broken.
定从： The deskwhose leg is broken belongs to Mary.
腿坏了的桌子属于玛利。
三、只能使用关系代词that的几种情况。
1. 先行词为all, little, few,much, nothing, something, anything, everything等不定代词时
e.g.There is nothing that I can say
2. 先行词被 all, each, few,much, every, no, some, any 等词修饰时
e.g. I have few books that you needed
3. 先行词既有人又有物时
e.g. He talked about the teachers and schools that he liked
4.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
e.g. This is the best composition that I have read.
5. 先行词被the only, the very,the last 等修饰时
e.g. This is the very man that I am looking for.
6. 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时
e.g. Who is the man that is holding Mary’s hand?
四、非限定性定语从句 Non-restrictive Attributive Clause
1. “位置形式”：紧接先行词，不用标点分割
e.g. I want to buy the house which has agarden.
2. 用逗号与主句隔开，修饰“主句全句或部分内容”，可置句末，中，首。
e.g. I want to buy the house, which has agarden.
The earth is round, which is known to all
As is known to all, the earth is round.
3. “先行词”
限定性： n. / n. phrase
e.g. He wears a red shirt which makes himlike a girl.
非限定性：1). n. / n. phrase
2). the sentence
e.g. He wears a red shirt, which makes himlike a girl.
“关系词的用法”
限定性：1).关系代词作从句宾语时可省
2). that可替who, whom, which(口)
e.g. This is the book( which/that) I boughtyesterday.
非限定性：1).关系词不能用that
2).不能替换，不能省(which, as)
e.g. I like the book, which I bought yesterday
Do you know Tom, whom we talked about?
She has to work on Sundays,which she doesn’t like.
小练习：用 which/that 填空
1. This book of yours, I finished reading last night, was interesting.
2. He said that he was invited, was a lie .
3. This is the first problem he met atthe beginning.
4. The only problem troubled him hasalready been solved.
定语从句教学课件
英语教学：定语从句
一、课堂导入
教师读句子，让学生听并复述
1. she is the girl who has blue eyes.
2. I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue.
3. A telephone is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
4. I like this person that has 3 story books
5. This is the office where he worked.
6. I don’t know the reason why he came so late.
二、复习预习
教师引导学生复习上节课所学的反意疑问句，包括反意疑问句的形式，祈使句的反意疑问句，there be句型的反意疑问句等， （以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对反意疑问句具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的.定语从句。
三、知识讲解
知识点1：定语从句的概念和先行词
1. 【考查点】在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（而在一个句子中充当整个句子的宾语的句子叫做宾语从句）
如：I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue. (定语从句)
我爱眼睛是蓝色的这位英语老师
I don’t know (宾语从句)
我不知道你怎样才能到达那个公园。
2. 【考查点】被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
如：A friend is someone who says, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”
A Wechat (微信) is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
知识点2：定语的关系词~关系代词
1.【考查点】既能指物也能指人的关系代词 that，whose。
如： ① I like this person that has 3 story books. (先行词是人person)
②先行词是物book)
①（先行词是teacher）
②先行词是dog)
2、【考查点】只能用来指代人的关系词who, whom.
如：Is he the man who wants to see you?
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
3、【考查点】只能指代物的关系词which。
如：A prosperity which had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
4、【考查点】关系词在句子中充当的成分。
如：1、（who/that在从句中作主语）
他就是你想见的人吗？
2、他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
3、作宾语） which / that在句中（
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
4、（(只用作定语)
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
（注：当上题先行词指物时它还可以同of which互换）
如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书
知识点3：关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
【考查点】关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于”介词+ which“结构，因此常常和”介词+ which“结构交替使用。
如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
知识点4：关系词的选择取决于从句中的谓语动词
1.【考查点】 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
四、例题精析
【例题1】
【题干】Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
【答案】A
【解析】： 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those指街道，所以不用
来引导定语从句。 who而用that
【题干】Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
【答案】：D
【解析】：将疑问句改为陈述句：this research center is…显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词the one来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the，就选where，请想想这是为什么。
【题 干】
The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
【答案】：B
【解析】 因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用语从句。 where引导定
【题干】
—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
【答案】：C 【解析】：因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。
五、课堂运用
【基础】
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where
【答案】A
【解析】：which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
【答案】C.
【解析】”和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
【答案】
【解析】是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 D. where
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
【答案】. C.
【解析】
是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 when
【巩固】
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
【答案】A.
【解析】 which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
【答案】C.
【解析】which是关系代词，在从句中作visit的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
【答案】 A.
【解析】where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
【拔高】
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
【答案】A.
【解析】本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
【答案】A.
【解析】“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
【答案】 A.
【解析】with which是“介词+关系代词”结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有“用”的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
高考定语从句归纳课件
在高考中，定语从句会考哪些知识呢？一起来学习定语从句归纳知识吧。
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
关系副词有：when, where, why, how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1关系代词引导的定语从句
1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换).
例如：
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等.
例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：
不用that的情况：
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c) 多用who 的情况
①关系代词在从句中做主语
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
②先行词为those, people 时
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时
One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.
④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.
⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
c)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin.
d)先行词既有人，又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.
e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate.
f)关系代词在从句中做表语
He is not the man that he used to be.
3关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用.
例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
I'm surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.
注意：
①在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+ which”结构不能代替关系副词。
如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。
Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?
3名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句
She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.
There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.
4as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as可引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思。
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
用法区别：
(1) as 引导的'定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
As we all know, he never smokes.
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。
(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.
(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和??一样??。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
We should have such a dictionary as he is using.
◆高考定语从句典型陷阱题分析◆
1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.
A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were
【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。
【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was.请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：
（1） Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.
A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are
（2） The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
（3） Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？”
A. that B. which C. where D. what
【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。
【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。
【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：
_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。
再比较下面一组题，其中第（1）题选 B，第（2）题选 D：
（1） ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
（2） ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。
【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … （如此……以至……）结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that.比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：
David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
请再做以下试题（答案选D）：
It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.
A. like B. that C. which D. as
5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses.
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses.类似地，以下各题也选D：
（1） His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
（2） Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
（3） This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：
（4） George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.
A. that B. him C. them D. whom
（5） Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.
A. that B. who C. them D. whom
（6） I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.
A. that B. who C. them D. whom
6. He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
【陷阱】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students.
【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of… 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B.比较以下各题（答案均选A）：
（1） He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
（2） He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.
A. them B. which C. what D. that
（3） He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
（4） He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.
A. them B. whom C. which D. who
7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A.比较：
（1） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。
（2） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were.
（3） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。
8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是A.与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：
（1） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B.whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated.
（2） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选A.因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。
（3） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选A.their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。
（4） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B.whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat.
（5） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B.whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting.
9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：
（1） If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.
A. as B. which C. and it D. that
（2） If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
（3） Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.
A. that B. which C. and it D. so
（4） When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
10. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where.
【分析】正确答案为A.在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that.比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：
She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
请再做一组试题（答案均选A）：
（1） Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。
（2） Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。
（3） Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。
定语从句讲解课件
| 定语从句讲解课件 |
定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词（英语：relative word）引导的.从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句（英语：attributive clause），这类从句除了可以做定语之外，还可以充当状语等其他成分，所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。
在英语中，定语从句主要通过关系代名词法构成。
Ⅰ. 定义
定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词, 关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as;关系副词：when, where, why。
eg. She is the girl who sings best of all.
The pen which my uncle gave me is missing.
He lives in a house whose windows face south.
The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.
Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.
Ⅱ. 关系代词
1. 先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who, that
eg. He is a man( ) never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.
The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.
2. 先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用 whom, who, that,
eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.
The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.
3. 先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which, that
eg . The train ( ) has just left is for Guangzhou.
Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.
4. 先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which, that,或省略
eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.
The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.
5. 先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose
eg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson.
China, ( ) population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.
Ⅲ. 关系副词
1. 先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when
eg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad.
I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army.
2. 先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where
eg. This is the village ( ) Uncle Wang once lived.
They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other.
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane.
3. 先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用why
eg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late.
None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词 + which”来代替。
eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when ( = ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
This is the factory where(= ) we worked a year ago.
I don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school.
Ⅳ. 关系代词that & which的区别:
⒈ 只用that的情况
① 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。
eg. There is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it.
② 先行词被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修饰时。
eg. This is the very book ( ) I’m looking for.
③ 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
eg. The first place ( ) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen.
④ 先行词既有人又有物时。
eg. He talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school.
⑤ 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。
eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows.
⑥ 句中已有who或which,为了避免重复时。
eg. Who is the man ( ) is standing beside Tom?
⒉ 不能用 that的情况：
① 引导非限制性定语从句;
eg. He had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry.
② 介词 + 关系代词。
eg. This is the room in( ) my father lived last year.
Ⅴ. as引导定语从句时的.用法(as 相当于that & which)
① as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
eg. This is the same book ( ) I lent you.
Such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in China.
② as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
eg. ( ) I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
Taiwan, ( ) we all know, belongs to China.
Ⅵ. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要区别:
限制性定语从句: 一般紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号把从句与先行词分隔开来。使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能说明问题。通常译为定语。
非限制性定语从句: 通常由逗号与句子其他成分隔开。只是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常译为并列的句子。
eg. I was the only person in our office ( ) was invited.(去掉定语从句，意思就不完整)
Tom’s father, ( ) is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(整个句子可分成两句来翻译)
Ⅶ. 分隔定语从句
即先行词与关系代词、副词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语等分隔开来。
此种定语从句，在选择关系词时，要注意找准先行词。
eg. There is an expression in his eyes ( )I can’t understand.
I was the only person in my office ( ) was invited to the important ball.
I suggest you choose someone I think ( ) is very kind and friendly.
选择填空：
1. It was April 29, Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
2.)Gutter oil is illegally recycled cooking oil, contains chemicals that are harmful to the human body and can even cause cancer.
A. it B. which C. where D. that
3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
4. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
5. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ------- uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
7. A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
8. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ------ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
9 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ------ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
10. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ------ had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
11. The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
A. which B. whose C. when D. where
12.He was so pleased with all we had done for him he wrote us a letter to praise for it.
A. what; what B. what; that C. that; what D. that; that
13.The moon travels round the earth once every month, is known to everybody.
A. it B. as C. that D. what
14. is often the case with elder people, my grandma, talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
15.After graduating from high school, you will reach a point in your life ------- you need to decide what to do.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
16.The novel was completed in 1978, the economic system has seen great changes.
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
17.Books bring us into the presence of the greatest minds have ever lived.
A. which B. who C.不填 D. that
18.The world is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
19.David is such a good boy all the teachers like.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
20.Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
21.He was very angry and I can still remember the way he spoke to me.
A. how B. that C. what D. which
22.That’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
23.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ------- I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
高中定语从句课件
一．几个基本概念
1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why
5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】
6.引导词的功能(作用)：
﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型：
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句
The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导
The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。
② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
I live in a house far away from the city， in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate， on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指
人用whom，指物用which)引导。One， some， any， none， all， both， several， many， most， neither， either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children， two of whom are abroad.
(比较：He has five children， and two of them are abroad.)
We have three books， none of which is/are interesting.
(比较：We have three books， but none of them is/are interesting.)
除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engineer， whose leg was badly hurt， was quickly sent to hospital.
(那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤)
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)
3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。指人做主语时只能用who， 做宾语时用whom；
指物做主语，宾语都用which； 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。
The man， ______ is sitting on the chair， is my father.
The woman， _______ I met yesterday， is my English teacher.
The city， _______ is far away， is very beautiful.
He went to America， ______ his parents live.
He joined the Army yesterday， ______ I left， too.
4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：
The house， whose window faces south， is mine.
=The house， the window of which faces south， is mine.
=The house， of which the window faces south， is mine.
二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。
Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there？
2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语(动宾或介宾)。
① 当作动宾(动词后接宾语)时，关系代词可省略。
Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now？
② 当作介宾(介词后接宾语)时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词+whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.
The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.
※注：固定的动词短语(动词+介词)如look for， take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。
She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.
3.whose： 指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语(动宾或介宾)即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.
I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. (主语)
He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. (动宾)
The boss in whose company I work is very kind. (介宾)
4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语(动宾或介宾)。
① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。
② 当作介宾时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词+which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。
The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.
The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.
The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.
The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
※注：介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。
※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于 “the same …as…；such …as…；so …as…；as … as…；as follows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m)， which， 或that引导定语从句：
Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.
Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.
My hometown is no longer the same as it was.
Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.
The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).
I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.
He is not such a person as I expected.
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
※注：which和as可引导非限定性定语从句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。因此，当as/which指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时，谓语用单数.
Our team lost the game， as/which was reported in the newspaper.
She was terrified， as/which I could see from her eyes.
He married her， as/which was natural.
区别：
①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。
He married her， as/which was natural.
=As was natural， he married her.
Mark Twin is a great writer， which/as is known to all.
=As is known to all， Mark Twin is a great writer.
②as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意。常用句型有：
as we all know， as is known to all， as everybody can see， as is expected， As is known/ said/ reported/ told/ we all know等。如：
As we all know， paper was first made in China.
To shut your eyes to facts， as many of you do， is foolish.
③主句和从句有因果关系时，用which.
Our class has won the football match， which made us very happy.
Bamboos are hollow， which makes them very light.
④从句含否定意义时常用which.
She didn’t pass the exam， which we couldn’t expect.
She didn’t pass the exam， as we expected.
6.when关系副词：指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表时间的名词)。
I still remember the time when I joined the League.
=I still remember the time on which I joined the League.
=I still remember the time (which/that) I joined the League on.
7.where关系副词：指地点。在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表地点的名词)。
I still remember the school where I joined the League.
=I still remember the school in which I joined the League.
=I still remember the school (which/that) I joined the League in.
※注：对关系副词when， where的认识。
①. 先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the time (which/that) I spent in Beijing.
②. 先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。
This is the factory (which/that) he visited yesterday.
③. 当句型为It/This/That is(was) the first(second…last) time引起的`句子时用that连接其后的句子。此时的time是次数，不是时间。
It/This is the first time that we travel.
It/This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
8. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason，不能省略。且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。Why= for which
I don’t know the reason why he was late yesterday.
The reason why(for which) he was late is that he missed the bus.
※注：当先行词为reason时，关系副词并非都用why。
This is the reason (that/ which) he gave/ explained to us.
【判断用关系代词还是关系副词】
从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。试比较：
I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.
( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.
( 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 )
The reason (that/which)he gave for not coming to school yesterday isn’t believable.
( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday isn’t believable.
( 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 )
三. 值得注意的几个问题：
第一. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用that的情况。
1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that has been shown this year.
This is the first book (that) I borrow from the library.
※He is the first student that/who came to school today.
2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。
He talked about the teachers and the school (that) he had visited.
3.当先行词本身是all的，用that。(all that=what)
All that (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”.
=All (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”.
Go over all that (what) we learned.
=Go over all (what) we learned.(that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略)
4.先行词为something， anything， nothing， everything， thing时，用that.
I’ll tell you anything (that) I know.
5.当先行词前有all， much， little， many， (a) few， every， some， any， no， only， the very， one of， the only， the last， the next等修饰语时。
This is one of the books (that) I’m very interesting in.
※ This is one of the books in which I’m very interesting.
This is the only book (that) I read.
He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.
All the glasses that were on the table fell off onto the floor.
6.(人，物)，当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时，用that引导以避免混淆.
Who is the man that is talking with the lady？
Which of you that know the answer can come to the front？
7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时，用that.
He likes the girl that she used to be.
第二. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用which的情况。
1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时.
The room in which he lives is very large.
2.引导非限定性定语从句时(主，宾都用which，都不能省略).
Football， which is a very interesting game， is played all over the world.
The house， which I visited yesterday， is very large.
3.which指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引导非限定性定语从句.
He always makes fun of me， which upsets me.
第三.其他特殊情况.
1.先行词是these， those指人时，关系代词只用who.
Those who are playing over there are my students.
2.先行词是人称代词(he， she…)时，关系代词只用who.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
3.不定代词someone， anyone， everyone， no one， somebody， anybody， everybody作先行词时，关系代词用who.
Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.
4.①先行词是the only one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用单数形式(因为此时的先行词是the only one，而不是of 后的可数名词复数).
He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.
This is the only one of the books that is borrowed.
②先行词是one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式(因为此时的先行词是of 后的可数名词复数，而不是one).
This is one of the students who are late.
5.当主句缺先行词时，用the one 代替，但须注意：the one只能代替可数名词单数.如为不可数名词时，指什么用什么.
Is this school the one I visited yesterday？
Is pop music the music he likes best？
6. 当先行词是the way，在定语从句中充当方式状语时(the way表“以…方式/方法”)，引导词通常用that或省略，也可用in which.
I don’t like the way (that) you speak.
=I don’t like the way in which you speak.
=I don’t like the way (which/that) you speak in.
【“介词+关系代词”十种情况】
在定语从句中，介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的结构浅析如下：
1.介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when， where和why。如：I still remember the day on which (when) I first came to school.我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。
The factory in which (=where) I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大工厂。
This is the reason for which (=why) he was late.这就是他为什么迟到的原因。
2.介词+which(指物)/ whom(指人)在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓一般要倒置。
They arrived at a farmhouse， in front of which sat a small boy.他来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。
I saw a man， on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人，他的头上站着一只鸟。
3.介词+ which(指物)/ whom(指人)在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语。这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。如：
Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat？你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？
The man， from whom I learned the news， is an engineer.这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这消息的。
4.介词+which/whom，用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的出发者。如：
The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。
The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是个好猎手。
5.不定代词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分，常用的不定代词有：both， all， any， some， each， none， most等。如：
There are a lot of books here， none of which belongs to me.这儿有许多书，可一本也不属于我。
Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes， all of which were expensive.昨天玛丽买了一些衣服，他们都很贵。
6.数词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体与部分的关系。数词可以是基数词、序数词、分数或百分数。如：
In our class there are fifty-four students， twenty-five of whom are girls.我们班有54名学生，25人是女生。
Two watches were stolen， one of which was mine.两只手表被偷了，其中一只是我的。
7.名词+of+which代替whose+名词，在定语从句中作定语。如：
I saw some trees， the leaves of which (=whose leaves) were black with disease.我看见一些树，他们的叶子因害病而发黑。
I live in a house， the windows of which are all broken.我住在一所房子里，其窗都破了。
8.介词+ which(指物)/ whose(指人)修饰后边的名词。如：
It rained all night and all day， during which time the ship was broken into pieces.雨下了一天一夜，就在这期间轮船撞碎了。
The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司机就是那个人，她从他的房间偷走地图。
9.形容词最高级+of+which/whom结构，在定语从句中，作定语，表部分关系。如：
China has thousands of islands， the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成千上万个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。
In our class there are twenty girls， the cleverest of whom is Li Hua.我们班有20名女生，最聪明的是李华。
10.介词+which+不定式。此种用法多见于正式文体中，相当于一个定语从句。如：
At last he had something about which to write home.他终于有了给家里写信的内容了。
He had no key with which to open the door.他没有开门的钥匙。
He has a small room in which to live.
【运用定语从句时应注意的几个问题】
1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应和先行词的人称和数保持一致。
This is one of the books which were written by Mark Twain.这是马克吐温所写的书中的一本。(先行词是books，因此动词应用were。)
2. 关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当一个句子成分，因此要注意避免从句中句子成分的重复出现。
This is the most beautiful place that I have visited it.
This is the most beautiful place that I have visited. 这是我参观过的最美的地方。(去掉it，因that代替先行词the most beautiful place在定语从句中作visit的宾语，再加it就多余了。)
The school where I worked there is a big one.
The school where I worked is a big one.我所工作过的学校是一所大学校。(去掉there，因where既引导定语从句，又在从句中代替in the school作状语。)
3. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不可省略。
The books were on the table were given to you.
The books that were on the table were given to you.桌上的那些书是给你的。(关系代词that作主语不能省)
4. “one of the +复数名词”后的定语从句中谓语动词的单复数情况。
“one of the +复数名词”时，复数名词是先行词，所以谓语动词常用复数形式。如果“one of the +复数名词”前面有the very /only等修饰语，则谓语动词用单数形式，因为先行词是，而不是复数名词。如：
He is the only one of the students who speaks Japanese in our class.他是我们班唯一说日语的学生。(the only one是先行词)
He is one of the students who speaks Japanese in our class.他是我们班里说日语的学生之一。(students是先行词)
5. 定语从句中who和whom的选用。
关系代词who/whom引导定语从句时，作主语用主格who，作宾语用宾格whom。在其引导的定语从句带有插入语，而又不用逗号分开时，要用who。
Mary is a girl who I think is clever.
在定语从句who I think is clever中， I think是插入语，去掉后Mary is a girl who is clever是一个完整的句子，who是定语从句的主语，不能用whom替换。但下面的句子，情况就不同了：
Mary is a girl whom I think to be clever.在定语从句whom I think to be clever中，如把I think看作插入语而去掉，则剩下的部分Mary is a girl whom to be clever很明显不是一个完整的句子结构，所以I think不能被看作是插入语，而是定语从句在的主谓结构，whom作think的宾语，to be clever是whom的宾补。
6. 定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的选择取决于它们在从句中所充当的句子成分。如作主语和宾语用关系代词；作状语，用关系副词。
I’ll never forget the day when I went abroad myself.(when在从句中代替时间状语on the day，此句可分解为I’ll never forget the day. I went abroad myself on the day.)
I’ll never forget the days that we spent together.(that代替the days，在从句中作spent的宾语，该句可分解为I’ll never forget the days. We spent the days together.)
高中英语定语从句课件参考
教学过程
一、复习预习
1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺；
2、导入：
e.g. She is a beautiful girl.
She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy.
二、知识讲解
（一）定语从句定义
1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的
定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。
2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。
3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系代词的种类：
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词：when, where, why
4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.
b、 In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.
c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.
d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.
（二）定语从句分类
限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。 非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。
1、The man who gave me this book is Tom .(限定性)
2、Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性)
（三）关系代词
1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语。
e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a German .
2、Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。
e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to .
I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking .
3、whose, 作定语，可指人或物
e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead.
Theywww.Wenku1.comare the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in .
4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略）
e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us .
This is a plant that grows in the north .
5、which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。
e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north .
☆常用that不用which的情况
1、当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。
歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。
Pay attention to everything that I do.
2、当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。
歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which。
This is the best novel (that)I have read.
3、如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。 歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that。
They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.
4、当先行词被the only, the last, the way, the same等修饰时。
This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
5、在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用that。
Which of the students that knows something about history.
6、当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that. I’ve got one that you might be interested in.
☆常用which，不用that的情况
1、引导非限制性定语从句。
Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.
全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。
2、直接放在介词后作宾语时（介词+关系代词结构中）。
Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。
（四）关系副词
1、when 指时间
（1）在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year ,day ,time,week等）,但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用that，which，不能用when
e.g. I’ll never forget the time when (during which ) we worked on the farm.作状语 I still remember the day that/which is his birthay.做主语
He regretted the days that /which he spent on play . 做宾语
（2）It is the first time that …句型中，that是习惯用法，不用when。
e.g. It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall .
2、where 指地点
（1）指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。
e.g. I know the factory where I worked twenty years ago .
（2）指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where，须用that/which .
e.g. This is the house where he has lived for 20 years （作状语）.
This is the house that he has lived in for 20 years .（作宾语）
e.g. This is the shool ｛in which /where we study every year.（作状语）
This is the shool that /which we visited yesterday. （作宾语） .
（3）当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词
3、why 表示原因
“the reason why ….that…. ”中，不能用because 代替that .
e.g. That’s the reason why (for which ) he didn’t come to school .
The reason why he didn’t attend the meeting is that he was ill .
但reason 在从句中做宾语时，关系代词用that/which ,可省略
e.g. I don’t believe the reason (which/that) he gave me .
（五）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（whom/which）”结构。但一些短语如look after 等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时：
一是，依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配；
二是，依据先行词的某种习惯搭配；
三是，根据所要表达的意思来确定。
e.g. That’s the reason why (for which ) he didn’t come to school .
（六）非限定性定语从句
关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。
指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom ，指地点用where，指时间when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定语用whose。
e.g. He didn’t see the film, which was very interesting .(不用that)
（七）as 引导的限制性定语从句
A . such ….as 和 the same…as 的用法
such ….as： 像….一样的，像…..之类；the same…as： 和…..同样的
在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same 作定语，修饰主语里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。
Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在从句中作主语) I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.（在从句中作宾语）
The result is not the same as they had expected.( 在从句中作宾语)
重点比较 :
the same …as…和 the same …that…
the same…as…:和…..相同（代指同类事物）；
the same …that…：和….相同（代指同一事物）
两者都引导定语从句。as 从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一个。
Eg：He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.
He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.
This is the same pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.(指同一支笔)
This is the same (kind/type/sort) of pen as I lost.（指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）
B. ….such as …的用法
….such as …中的such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as 在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。
Eg： This book is not such as I expect.
He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.
相关链接：
such as 还有“诸如，例如，像…那样的”的意思，此时后面跟名词或名词短语等。
Eg：They bought a lot of fruit, such as apples,oranges,etc.
（八）as 引导的非限制性定语从句
as 可以像which一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此外，有些as 引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：
As we know As has been said before 如上所述 As is known to all As is often the case 像通常那样 As is reported As was expected 正如预料的`那样 Eg： She is very careful, as her work shows.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
重点比较：as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别
1、as 和which 都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as和which可以和互换。
Eg：He didn’t tell me any news, as/which upset me.
2、Which引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。
Eg：As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
= Talks between the two countries, as is reported in the newspapers, are making progress.
As与that的区别
As 引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物；that 引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物。
e.g. This is the same pen that I lost yesterday .这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday .这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。
（九）同位语从句与定语从句区别
1、同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，通常位于某一名词或代词之后，但两者存在明显区别：同为语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明，是该名词性成分具体内容的体现（相当于名词的作用）。That 引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当成分，但不能被省略，同位语从句还可以用whether,how等连词引导（定语从句则不能）。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰，说明先行词的性质或特征（相当于一个形容词的作用），定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当成分（that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，充当定语从句的宾语，that可以省略）注意体会一下三组例句。
（1） 第一组
① We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light .我们解决不
了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。
② I can’t remember the problem that they have.我记不得他们的问题了。
（2） 第二组
① I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.我不愿相信他对他母亲撒
谎的事实
② I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me .我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。
（3） 第三组
① The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 汤姆将出国的消息是他
讲的。
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。
三、例题精析
例题1.【2011全国卷I】The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
【解析】C。句意为“奖项将会颁发给故事展示了丰富想象力的作者。” 根据从句不缺成分和它与先行词的关系可判断前后为所属关系，选whose作定语。
例题2.〖10全国Ⅱ〗I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
【解析】B。从句缺主语，先行词为物。
例题3.【2011江苏卷】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
【解析】A。从句不缺任何成分，且先行词为时间。
例题4.〖08浙江〗Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
【解析】D。从句缺宾语，且为非限制性定语从句。
例题5. (2013陕西)______ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It B. That C. What D. As
【解析】D。固定搭配“as is often the case”，像通常一样。
例题6. (2012浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
【解析】B。从句缺主语且先行词为人。
四、课堂运用
【基础】
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
【巩固】
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
【拔高】
7.Great changes have taken place in the factory ____we are working since then.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which
课程小结
本节课的知识点相对比较多但难度系数不大，主要是讲定语从句的各个关系词具体用法。主要从九个方面进行讲解，详细讲解了定语从句中各个关系代词、关系副词的用法和区别。本部分的学习还是要求学生掌握关键词，具体什么时候需要使用关系代词或者关系副词，什么叫做定语从句，希望学生能够保持思路清晰，做题的时候十拿九稳。
课后作业
【基础】
1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. where B. when C. which D. how
【巩固】
4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .
A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to
C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him
5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that's easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
A. when B. that C. what D. which
【拔高】
7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.
A. which B. where C. when D. what
9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
A. which B. what C. that D. when
10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China's vast countryside.
A. as B. when C. until D. before
课后评价
这节课总体感觉课堂进程比较自然、顺利，学生始终处在主动参与和积极配合的状态中，达到了预期设想，体现了“学中用，用中学”的任务型语言教学理念。定语从句是中学英语教学的一个重要语法项目。学生在学习这一语法时，虽然感到困难很大，但理清语法知识点之后也觉得定语从句语法知识结构清晰并易于理解。希望学生课后能主动巩固并复习，同时加强单词记忆。
★ 定语从句课件
★ 定语从句
★ 定语从句考试题
★ 定语从句教案
★ 定语从句总结表格
★ 中考定语从句教案
★ 定语从句翻译句子
