下面是小编为大家整理的GRE阅读长难句结构详解（共含8篇），仅供参考，喜欢可以收藏与分享哟!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“路人yang”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
GRE阅读长难句结构详解
1、长成分
1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分
a、主语从句
b、宾语从句
2)长状语
3)层层修饰
4)并列成分
2、常见倒装搭配
(1)及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A
例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等
(2)及物动词加副词
例：make possible …(单词或者句子)
3、省略的几种情况
(1)重复的成分
(2)让步转折的省略：如although (but)
(3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )
(4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语
如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth
4、短语被分割
如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B
5、多重否定
如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .
6、难句分析举例
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing… ，另一个是(which was)detached…。
可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。
[句子翻译] 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。
GRE阅读：怎样培养习惯
要点一：在难巨资进行的GRE阅读和训练中，只以在大脑中反映出所读英文的意思(不是中文释意)为唯一目的。
a、意群训练：以几个相邻的表示同类意思的词为阅读的对象，而不是单个的单词。同时避免发声阅读，克服内心的声音和喉头与嘴唇的颤动，关键是：
要点二：眼睛在阅读材料上移动的速度要比自己在心中或喉头出生阅读的速度要快
b、不回视训练：保证第一遍阅读时的高度注意力，避免回视，关键是：
要点三：在阅读文章时，都要注意整句的回视现象，坚持一遍就都下来
c、合理化训练：根据文章中得上下文的逻辑推理，将不懂得地方进行合理推理。
要点四：凡遇到不懂得地方，就用合理化推理进行推理
d、速度与理解力的平衡点训练：
要点五：贵在坚持，不可半途而废
GRE阅读专有名词
首先要说的是，在阅读教学的研究当中，语言学家们发现，一篇文章中不认识的单词占全文词汇总量的比例只要控制在8%以内，是绝对不会影响到我们对全文任何观点的理解的。
什么叫做认识专有名词?从英到汉的翻译叫做认识?还是知道专有名词的特征叫做认识?读者请想想看，我们在阅读理解中有没有遇到过这样的问题提法：What is sedge root? 我想没有，因为这种问法是在问专有名词的翻译。我们遇到的更多是这样的一些问法：According to the passage, which of the following statements about sedge root is true? What can be inferred from the passage about sedge root? 这些问题的提法却是在问专有名词的文中阐述特征。我们再从文章本身对这个问题做出进一步的分析。
假设原文有这样一句话：Sedge root, a woody fiber that can be easily separated into strands, is essential to basketry production. 请问sedge root的中文翻译“莎草的根” 能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目吗?我想很难!真正能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目的应该是这样的文字a woody fiber (木制纤维)和定语从句中的文字部分can be easily separated into strands (能够轻易地被分割成线)。
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatlyincreased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , anelement in national life representing irresponsible wealth detachedfrom the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equallydetached from the responsible management of business.[句子主干]Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased…shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing…，另一个是(which was)detached…可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。
[句子翻译] 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。
攻克GRE阅读之经典长难句练习
Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. (4)
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语
译文：古特曼人令人信服地论辨道，黑人家庭的稳定有助于包括民间传说、音乐、及宗教表达在内的黑人文化遗产一代一代传递下去，因而在维持文化遗产方面也起着至关重要的作用，而对于这种文化遗产，黑奴们不断地从其非洲和美洲的经历中予以丰富发展。
解释：由that引导的宾语从句中，encouraged的宾语the transmission of the Black heritage被同时表示并列和转折的and so 分开，给读者造成了阅读上和理解上的困难。最后一个逗号后面的部分是修饰前面的black heritage的同位语。
意群训练：Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
攻克GRE阅读之经典长难句练习
This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. (3+)
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语
译文：古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻(union with close kin)的禁止。
解释：本句有两个插入语，第一个插入语Gutman suggests割裂了主句的主语和谓语。West African rules后跟着两个修饰成分，第一个是分词修饰(governing marriage), 第二个是以which引导的非限定性定语从句，从句中出现了第二个插入语though they differed from one tribal group to another，又割裂了从句引导词与谓语之间的联系。
意群训练：This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
GRE阅读
1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分，a、主语从句 b、宾语从句
2)长状语
3)层层修饰
4)并列成分
GRE阅读长难句中的倒装搭配
(1)及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A
例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one ofthe most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings topredominant positions in a society people who ,no matter howlegitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack thoseother qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for, advocate as 等
(2)及物动词加副词
例：make possible …(单词或者句子)
GRE阅读长难句省略现象解读
(1)重复的成分
(2)让步转折的省略：如although (but)
(3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )
(4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语
如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth
GRE长难句短语分析现象
如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B
GRE长难句多重否定判定
如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claimunequivocally that hostility between ecognizable classes cannot belegitimately observed .
GRE英语考试中，阅读一直是必争之地，而阅读之所以难，是因为阅读中常常出现一些又长又难的句子，下面就来看看这些长难句的类型吧。
1. that sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (难度系数5，下同)
译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
难句类型：倒装、省略
解释：a本句的正常语序应当是：that sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因为主语that sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。
b在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中， an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. and hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。
意群训练：that sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
2. (this is )a desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower.
难句类型：复杂+倒装+省略;
译文：(这是一种)照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。
解释：本句子的难度在一切gre、gmat包括lsat考试中所出现的难句中堪称登峰造极，可以确定地讲，类似此句子的难度的语言，在计算机考试的现场绝无可能出现。如果对此句话不感兴趣，可以把其废掉不读。
a、这句话读起来别扭的第一个原因，是因为它根本就不是一个句子。句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现，只能出现在高级英语中，因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。
b、desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分，一个是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality之后，正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw距离不远，读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意：从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light的，而是修饰一开始的desire的。
c、第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装，由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前，引发了定语从句中的倒装：正常语序应该是that might never be given away，倒装后系动词was被提前，given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。a give way to b，是a让位于b，而a be given way to b， 则是a取代b。on the part of 之后的部分修饰后面的desire，what引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个名词。what从句中的不定式to recored exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒装，正常语序应该是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。
d、就算能够看懂这句话的结构，可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是，哈代(注：人名老的冲动是一种简单的、说明现实的欲望，新冲动是一种即是小说家又像科学家的仔细研究一个东西的特点那样的欲望(新冲动)，前一种欲望是永远也不能取代后者的。
意群训练：(this is )a desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower.
3. hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. (3)
难句类型：复杂修饰、省略、抽象词
译文：哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能，无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来;另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动。
解释：介词from的宾语有两个并列的部分，由and所连接，在and之后的第二个from前，省略了前面一样的谓语动词derive。本句之所以难，有两个原因，一是derived from 后面的成分太长，初学者难以一下子看下来;二是作为一篇文科文章，用词抽象，难以迅速理解。
意群训练：hardy's weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones.
GRE阅读长难句翻译整理
1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (难度系数5，下同)
那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
2. (This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)复杂+倒装+省略;(这是一种)照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。
3. Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. (3)
哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能，无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来;另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动。
4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. (5)
弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫(Virginia Woolf)在创作《黛洛维夫人》(Mrs. Dalloway)时有关其创作意图的这番发人深思的陈述，迄今为止一贯为文学评论家们所忽略，因为它突出反映了她诸多文学兴趣中某一方面，而这一方面则与人们对“诗性”小说家(poetic novelist)所形成的传统见解大相径庭。所谓的“诗性”小说家，所关注的是审视想入非非和白日梦幻的诸般状态，并致力于追寻个体意识的通幽曲径。
5. As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .”(5-)
就像她在《致普通读者》一书中所表达的那样，“尽管可以毫无疑问的说，没有任何法律被指定出来，也没有任何高楼大厦被建立起来是因为乔叟说了什么或者写了什么;然而，当我们读它的书的时候，我们身上每一个毛孔都充满了道德”。
6. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glyc.en resynthesis .(4+)
随着爆发出来的运动的结束，再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高，使得大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态，直到乳酸通过有氧新陈代谢，被肝脏转化成(convert into)葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下来又会(部分)传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。
7. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent,he shows that the slaves' preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent,was very much for stable mon.amy. (3+)
虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶的偏爱——在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来——在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制(mon.amy)。
8. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore,music,and religious expression from one generation to another,a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. (4)
古特曼人令人信服地论辨道，黑人家庭的稳定有助于包括民间传说、音乐、及宗教表达在内的黑人文化遗产一代一代传递下去，因而在维持文化遗产方面也起着至关重要的作用，而对于这种文化遗产，黑奴们不断地从其非洲和美洲的经历中予以丰富发展。
9. This preference for ex.amy,Gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules governing marriage,which,though they differed from one tribal group to another,all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. (3+)
古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻(union with close kin)的禁止。
10. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States,but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. (4+)
该社会学家的命题当被应用于针对美国黑人的歧视时，相对而言尚能适用，但他对种族偏见所下的定义——即“以种族为基础的、针对某个群体的消级的先入之见，而该群体在任何特定的种族竞争地区则被普遍认作一种族”——可被理解成同样也襄括了针对加利福尼亚州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人这样一些种族群体的敌视态度。
GRE阅读材料练习：旅馆卫生条件达标吗
The next time you check in…
下次你在办理入住手续的时候…
NO ONE likes to think about who was in their hotel room before them, let
alone what they got up to.
没人愿意想象在他们入住旅馆之前有人在里面待过，更不愿去想那些人在房间里干了些什么，
The best to hope for is that your lodgings are clean and hygienic.
如果房间干净卫生就谢天谢地了。
But are they? Researchers from the University of Houston have probed the
cleanliness of rooms, exposing the most—and least—filthy surfaces.
可是事实真的如此吗?休斯顿大学的研究者调查了客房的洁净度，揭露了那些最肮脏的地方。
After swabbing samples from hotel rooms in Indiana, Texas and South
Carolina, they found the TV remote control and the bedside-lamp switch were
among the most contaminated.
他们分别在印第安纳州、德克萨斯州和南卡莱罗纳州的旅馆客房提取了样品，然后发现其中的电视遥控器和床头灯开关是最脏的，
The toilet, bathroom sink and items from the housekeeper's carts also had
high levels of bacteria.
厕所、洗手池和保洁员手推车里的物品也是细菌量较高的地方，
Maids' mops and sponges were thought to pose the greatest threat as they
could cause cross-contamination between rooms.
研究人员认为的威胁来自保洁员的拖把和海绵，因为它们可能造成各房间的交叉污染，
Some of the cleanest surfaces included the bed headboard and the
bathroom-door handle.
而床头板和浴室门把手等地方是最干净的。
Katie Kirsch, an undergraduate who this week presented the results to the
general meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, cautioned that the
data were limited by a small sample size:
大学生Katie
Kirsch这周在美国微生物学会的全体大会上提交了研究结果，值得注意的是，他们只在每个州的三家旅馆进行了调查，样本太少所以数据有一定限制。
only three hotel rooms were tested in each state. Within each room the same
19 surfaces were tested for aerobic and coliform bacteria.
他们在每间房取19个相同的地方进行有氧大肠菌群测试，
No infectious diseases were tested for and the presence of bacteria is not
necessarily a health threat.
他们没有进行传染病测试，因为这里的细菌不大会引发健康威胁，
Indeed, humans have always lived with bacteria.
事实也确实如此，我们每天都和细菌生活在一起。
As a whole, Ms Kirsch thought hoteliers maintained a high level of
sanitation.
总的来说，Kirsch认为旅馆老板把环境卫生维持在一个较高的标准，
But the researchers, who included members of Purdue University and the
University of South Carolina, were concerned that there is no universal cleaning
process for hotels.
但是包括普渡大学和南卡莱罗纳大学在内的一些研究人员担心旅馆没有一个通用的保洁程序，
Standards are largely down to the beady eye of individual housekeepers.
卫生标准的高低很大程度上取决于个别管家的警觉性，
They suggested applying Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, a
preventive approach to reducing the risk of physical, chemical and biological
hazards.
所以他们建议采用“危害分析和关键环节控制点”这种预防方法来减少物理、化学和生物方面的威胁，
HACCP was drawn up by NASA, America's space agency, to ensure the safety of
food for astronauts.
HACCP由美国宇航局NASA起草，起初是用来确保航天员的食品安全，
Since then it has been adopted by a number of industries.
后来被各个行业广泛采用。
But is cleaning a hotel room really rocket science?
打扫旅馆房间是一件很复杂的事吗?
Good hotels value a reputation for cleanliness, and people can easily
discover online those that are filthy.
好旅馆会在整洁方面很重视自己的名声，并且人们很容易在网上发现那些较脏的旅馆。
Paranoia about cleanliness has already risen to the point that sterile
modern living can make people sick by weakening their immune systems.
一些重视清洁的偏执狂已经上升到打造无菌生活的层面，但这样会削弱他们的免疫系统使他们更容易生病，
The odd night in a roach motel might even do some people a bit of good.
所以在蟑螂出没的汽车旅馆度过一个不平凡的夜晚甚至可能对某些人更有益处。
gre阅读长难句如何攻克
新GRE阅读长难句例题
Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law---notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned---that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。
新GRE考试阅读长难句解析
初步读完这句话我们发现这个句子的难句类型是：复杂修饰+插入语+抽象词，其中插入语是理解这个句子的关键。
(1)Islamic law (2)is a (3)phenomenon (4)so different from all other forms of law---notwithstanding, of course,(5)(it has) (6)a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them /(7)as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned/---(8)that its study is indispensable (9)in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。
对句子标记后我们可以逐一分析各个成分：
Step1：找主谓
1. 不难发现整个句子的主语就是Islamic law，即伊斯兰法
2. is为整个句子的谓语
3. phenomenon作为整个句子的宾语
从1、2、3我们可以分析出：
1+2+3=句子的主干：伊斯兰的法律是一个法律现象：Islamic law is a phenomenon
Step2：分析句子中的插入语
4. 我们需要注意的是notwithstanding这个词，句子中的插入语之所以比较难懂的主要一个原因在于对notwithstanding的理解，notwithstanding作为介词，相当于in spite of(不管，不顾，尽管)，这对于大多数考生来说是陌生的。
5. 这里加上省略的it has使得句子更加清楚易懂
6. 这一部分是对主语Islamic law的解释说明，即“伊斯兰法与其他的某些法律存在着大量的和必然的一致之处。
7. as far as表示“至于，就.。.而言”
8. 整句话中贯穿了so...that句型
9. in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。这句话中包含一个倒装，正常语序的appreciate the full range of possible legal phenomena adequately中的副词adequately被提到appreciate的宾语之前。
Step3：对整句话有个大概的中文翻译的印象
译文：
伊斯兰法是一个与其他所有形式的法律都如此之不同的法律现象---尽管，当然，/从其涉及的内容和实际实施的角度来看/，伊斯兰法与其他的某些法律存在着大量的和必然的一致之处---以至于对于它的研究是不可缺少的，这样才能充分地理解所有可能的法律现象的全部范围。
新GRE阅读长难句结
从分析结果来看插入语的内容对理解文章基本没有什么作用，其实这句话中的插入语根本不用读，也可以根据插入语前后的内容猜出其意思：插入语前后的内容是伊斯兰法与其他法律不同，插入部分以notwithstanding开头，又有of course，可见插入部分一定是让步语气，因此可以对前后的内容取非，猜出插入部分一定是在说伊斯兰法与其他法律有相同之处。所以，如果遇到很长的插入语最好跳过，看懂前后的内容再回头来看插入语。
GRE阅读的固定思路
1.做题第一步是审题，看出题意。
首先记住，先文后题。道理很简单，你直接读题，根本读不懂。所以很重要的是搞明白两个问题，这个题目对应文章哪个层次?考的是观点还是例子?题型很重要，意义在于告诉你正确选项的特征的如何定位。
2.如何处理GRE文章
GRE阅读考试只有13-15分钟做题，文章不是用来读懂的，对待长难句最好的办法是考虑怎么不读，少读，而不是分析。
GRE阅读中学术文章特点就是规范，层次清晰，主题明确。
3.一定要读出思路
尤其是文章观点的数量，这个直接关系到主题题怎么出。要把每段的层次的连词标记出来，我们还要知道每个层次的主题词是什么，周围有没有否定词(改善题)，有没有褒贬的词(态度题，应用题)。
4.例子可少读
至于例子，也可以考虑不读或者少读，因为GRE阅读重点考观点，例子是事实，事实记得越多，混淆信息越多，做题越慢，准确率越低。对于例子，只要记住位置就可以，题目考到再看，不考坚决不看。以观点记例子，以观点分层次，以观点分逻辑关系。
新GRE阅读向来是难度较大的，在做题时一定要掌握一些新GRE阅读方法，注意文章观念的数量，分清层次明确主题，掌握新GRE阅读中的长难句分析能力，并通过大量做题来将方法熟记于心。
GRE阅读和国外文化的关系
像那种长阅读，说的好像是什么impressionist(印象派)和modernist(现实主义)的东东。由于对这方面毫无了解，所以读这篇文章毫无感觉。我不是要大家去补习美国文化的知识，这工程量太大。
网上都说平时要多看什么economist什么的，试问有几个人会真正为了GRE去看?我的建议就是，大家可以抽一点时间，利用相关资料(比如 wikipedia)，多去了解一下GRE社科类阅读爱考的知识。以往年经验来看，GRE社科类阅读非常喜欢考黑人文学Black literature，黑人音乐Black music(尤其是Jazz)，妇女(包括妇女地位的改变，妇女文学)，艺术类包括impressionist、modernist等。
另外，GRE考试阅读务必多留意一下上述知识的代表人物!比如Ragtime就是Jazz的代表人物及一种风格。并不是要求大家知道这个人物做了什么，只需要混个眼熟，考试的时候万一碰到一大串人名，能对其中一两个有点眼熟，能大概猜测出来是关于什么的就行!等到时候文章做得比较熟了，那时往往你自己也大概了解了社科类的阅读喜欢考哪些领域了。
GRE阅读文章内容以外国文化背景为主要的，所以大家在复习的时候尽量进行这类的GRE阅读文章，不要为了考试而考试，如果平时养成看英文报、英文期刊的习惯，到时候考试中的阅读题一定能拿高分。
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatlyincreased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , anelement in national life representing irresponsible wealth detachedfrom the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equallydetached from the responsible management of business.[句子主干]Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased…shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing…，另一个是(which was)detached…可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。
[句子翻译] 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。
新GRE考试中，长难句出现频率最高是在GRE阅读中，新GRE阅读长难句需要大家理解上下文，不要跟结构相混淆，新GRE阅读考试侧重考查考生的逻辑推断能力，所以新版GRE阅读考试长难句理解的基础上一定要分清句子结构，这样才能做好GRE长难句。
新GRE阅读长难句中译英练习
21. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
22. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
23. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
24. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.
25. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.
[参考译文]
21.[参考译文]不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。
22.[参考译文]残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能， 他们的教育必须适应这些不同。
23.[参考译文]在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。
24.[参考译文]它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。
25.[参考译文]除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。
新GRE阅读长难句中译英练习
16. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
17. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
18. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
19. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
20. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
16.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
17.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
18.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
19.[参考译文]在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利。
20.[参考译文]同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
新GRE阅读长难句中译英练习
11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.
12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.
13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
[参考译文]
11.[参考译文]如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人会关注它。
12.[参考译文]得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。
13.[参考译文]随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。
14.[参考译文]现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他/她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招架。
15.[参考译文]通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。
新GRE阅读长难句中译英练习
6. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.
7. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
8. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.
9. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.
10. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
[参考译文]
6.[参考译文]现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。
7.[参考译文]在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品”和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。
8.[参考译文]英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。
9.[参考译文]这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。
10. [参考译文]这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求，并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。
初步读完这句话我们发现这个句子的难句类型是：复杂修饰+插入语+抽象词，其中插入语是理解这个句子的关键。
(1)Islamic law (2)is a (3)phenomenon (4)so different from all other forms of law---notwithstanding, of course,(5)(it has) (6)a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them /(7)as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned/---(8)that its study is indispensable (9)in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。
对句子标记后我们可以逐一分析各个成分：
Step1：找主谓
1. 不难发现整个句子的主语就是Islamic law，即伊斯兰法
2. is为整个句子的谓语
3. phenomenon作为整个句子的宾语
从1、2、3我们可以分析出：
1+2+3=句子的主干：伊斯兰的法律是一个法律现象：Islamic law is a phenomenon
Step2：分析句子中的插入语
4. 我们需要注意的是notwithstanding这个词，句子中的插入语之所以比较难懂的主要一个原因在于对notwithstanding的理解，notwithstanding作为介词，相当于in spite of(不管，不顾，尽管)，这对于大多数考生来说是陌生的。
5. 这里加上省略的it has使得句子更加清楚易懂
6. 这一部分是对主语Islamic law的解释说明，即“伊斯兰法与其他的某些法律存在着大量的和必然的一致之处。
7. as far as表示“至于，就.。.而言”
8. 整句话中贯穿了so...that句型
9. in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。这句话中包含一个倒装，正常语序的appreciate the full range of possible legal phenomena adequately中的副词adequately被提到appreciate的宾语之前。
Step3：对整句话有个大概的中文翻译的印象
译文：
伊斯兰法是一个与其他所有形式的法律都如此之不同的法律现象---尽管，当然，/从其涉及的内容和实际实施的角度来看/，伊斯兰法与其他的某些法律存在着大量的和必然的一致之处---以至于对于它的研究是不可缺少的，这样才能充分地理解所有可能的法律现象的全部范围。
新GRE阅读长难句结
从分析结果来看插入语的内容对理解文章基本没有什么作用，其实这句话中的插入语根本不用读，也可以根据插入语前后的内容猜出其意思：插入语前后的内容是伊斯兰法与其他法律不同，插入部分以notwithstanding开头，又有of course，可见插入部分一定是让步语气，因此可以对前后的内容取非，猜出插入部分一定是在说伊斯兰法与其他法律有相同之处。所以，如果遇到很长的插入语最好跳过，看懂前后的内容再回头来看插入语。
GRE阅读：怎样培养习惯
要点一：在难巨资进行的GRE阅读和训练中，只以在大脑中反映出所读英文的意思(不是中文释意)为唯一目的。
a、意群训练：以几个相邻的表示同类意思的词为阅读的对象，而不是单个的单词。同时避免发声阅读，克服内心的声音和喉头与嘴唇的颤动，关键是：
要点二：眼睛在阅读材料上移动的速度要比自己在心中或喉头出生阅读的速度要快
b、不回视训练：保证第一遍阅读时的高度注意力，避免回视，关键是：
要点三：在阅读文章时，都要注意整句的回视现象，坚持一遍就都下来
c、合理化训练：根据文章中得上下文的逻辑推理，将不懂得地方进行合理推理。
要点四：凡遇到不懂得地方，就用合理化推理进行推理
d、速度与理解力的平衡点训练：
要点五：贵在坚持，不可半途而废。
其实，新GRE阅读备考绝非不可攻克，只要训练方法得当，并且能更每天半小时左右进行练习，GRE阅读完全可以在一个月甚至几周内被攻破。
GRE阅读：解析倒装句
在GRE阅读中，考生往往会因为倒装结构的不清晰导致无法理顺整个句子的结构与来龙去脉，所谓倒装也就是为了实现强调句子的某个成分对原有句子结构进行的语言顺序上的某些调整和变化。某些情况往往说话人也会为了某种修辞目的采用倒装结构，修辞目的的倒装结构以文学作品居多。通常在考试的情况下，试题命题人往往会出于某种迷惑考生的目的，有意将句子结构进行改写，在GRE阅读的很多文章中我们都可以发现这种情况。下面我们就结合几个典型的实例来对倒装结构进行分析常见倒装搭配的几种情况：
及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况。
例如：bring A to B，写作：Bring to B A例：Yet Walter’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
翻译：然而，沃尔泽的论点，无论它不充分到何种地步，确实揭示了资本主义体制中最为严重的一个弱点，即它将某一类人置于社会中的显赫位置，这类人无论以怎样合法的手段获得了其物质报酬，却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人爱戴和钦佩的品质。
如果从bring A to B的角度去分析这个句子，则这个句子应该将people who....or admiration写到it brings 后面，之所以原句子不这样做，则遵循了英语的句尾信息焦点原则，从而尾部信息成为一种受到强调的部位.根据这条原则，说话人要强调什么意思，便可以让他出现在句子的句尾，而传递的信息便主次分明了.句尾信息焦点和“尾重”原则就是采用这一原理.对比下面这两句话：
The patient was taken good care of, and began to recover immediately.
The patient was taken good care of, and immediately began to recover.
这两个句子的意思都是病人受到了很好的照顾，很快开始康复。但第一句的意义重心是immediately, 强调了康复的速度，而第二句的意义重心则在于“康复”而不强调“马上”。
另外上面的第一个例句中的倒装部分还考虑了一个因素，那就是使之读起来不至于让人产生头重脚轻的感觉，而“people who....or admiration”带有一个较长的定语从句，所以就放在了末尾，另外作者在本句中所强调的部分显然是“often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration，却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人爱戴和钦佩的品质”另外“no matter how......material rewards”为本句当中的一个插入语成分。
