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12月大学英语四级长难句词汇
In , when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yaleprovost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen a major strengthening of Yale's financial position.
英语四级译文:
，剑桥大学聘请了另一位耶鲁大学前教务长艾利森・理查德担任副校长、并公开强调，在她之前的工作中，在她的监管下，“耶鲁大学的财政状况得到了极大的巩固”。
四级词汇讲解:
本句的主干是university stressed that。In 2003为句子的时间状语，when CambridgeUniversity appointed...as its vice-chancellor为句子的时间状语从句，其中another formerYale provost为宾语Alison Richard的同位语，as its vice-chancellor为宾语补足语;that引导的是stressed的宾语从句。
appoint sb. as sth.的意思是“任命某人做某工作或担任某职位”。如:
They have appointed Thomas as the manager.他们已经任命托马斯为经理。
stress意为“强调”。如:
The conference stressed the social problem.本次会议强调社会问题。
英语四级考点归纳:
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时，在从句中很容易分清这种先后关系:
※ 宾语从句中，当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时，常见于told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词的宾语从句。如:
She said that she had seen the film before.她说她以前看过这部电影。
※ 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.他做完家庭作业后，就上床睡觉了。
They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward,and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantages.
英语四级译文:
大学是推动经济发展的科学发现的衍生地，是一个国家培养所需人才以获取并维持竞争优势的主要手段。
四级词汇讲解:
本句的主干是they are place and means。the place of...和the primary means of...为并列的表语;that引导的是discoveries的定语从句;动词过去分词短语required to…是talent的后置定语。
move sth. forward的意思是“推动……，使……前进”。如:
We should try to strengthen the business and continue to move it forward.我们应该努力强化业务并继续推动其前进。
英语四级考点归纳:
the+形容词可表示名词概念，泛指一类人，通常具有复数含义。如:The poor bet poorer; the rich get richer.穷者愈穷;富者愈富。
常见的加the表名词概念的形容词有:
blind失明的 deaf聋的 disabled残废的 healthy健康的
sick病弱的 living活的 dead死的 rich富有的
door贫穷的 unemployed失业的
第一部分：
to the end of time 永远
world without end 永远，永久地
engaged in 使从事于，使忙于
engaged with 与…有事商谈
enjoy oneself过得快活;玩得高兴
ensure sb. against 保护某人免受…
enter into 进入;参加;开始从事
enter upon 开始，着手
be equal to 等于，相当于
equip with 装备，配备
by error 错误地
in error 弄错了的;错误地
even if 即使，纵然
at all events 无论如何
even now 即使在现在
in any event 不管怎样，无论如何
in the event of 如果…发生，万一
for ever 永远
for example 例如
except for 除…之外
go to excess 走极端
in excess of 超过
第二部分：
at ease 自由自在;舒适，舒坦
take it easy 不紧张;放松;松懈
eat of 吃…中的一部分
eat off 吃掉，腐烂掉
eat up 吃完，吃光;耗尽
bring into effect 实行，实现，实施
come into effect 开始生效，开始实行
in effect 实际上;正实行中
take effect (药等)见效
either...or 或…或，不是…就是
or else 否则，要不然
employ oneself in 使忙于，使从事于
be out of employment 失业
empty of 缺乏，无
be at the end 到尽头，达限度
come to an end 告终，结束;完结
end in 以…为结果 end off 结束
end up 结束，告终;竖着
end up with 以…而结束
in the end 最后，终于
on end 连续地;竖着
essential a 必不可少的;本质的
estimate n /vt 估计，估量
evaluate vt 评估，评价
exceed vt 超过，越出
exceedingly ad 非常，极其
exclaim v 呼喊，大声说
exclude vt 把排斥在外，不包括
exclusive a 读有的，排他的
excursion n 远足
flash vi 闪光，闪耀
flee vi 逃走
flexible a 易弯曲的
flock n 羊群，(鸟兽等)一群;一伙人
hardware n 五金器具
harmony n 和谐，融洽
haste n 急速，急忙
hatred n 憎恶，憎恨
incident n 事件，事变
index n 索引，标志
infant n 婴儿
infect v 传染
inferior a 劣等的，次的，下级的
infinite a 无限的
ingredient n 组成部分
inhabitant n 居民
jail n 监狱
jam n 果酱;拥挤，堵塞
jewel n 宝石
joint a连接的;共同的
junior a 年少的;资历较浅的
laser n 激光
launch vt 发动，发起
luxury n 奢侈;奢侈品
magnet n 磁铁，磁体
male a 男性的，雄的
female a 女性的，雌的
manual a 用手的，手工做的 n 手册
manufacture vt /n 制造，加工
marine a 海的;海产的
mutual a 相互的
12月大学英语四级词汇语法练习题
1. Obviously he was _______ by the shop owner when she was shopping in that store.
A. supposed B. supplemented C. swept D. cheated
2. The report mentioned that some important people had attended the closing ________.
A. surgeon B. suspicion C. ceremony D. target
3. The blood _______ in the body and provides what the body needs.
A. swells B. circulates C. tastes D. tempted
4. His explanation has _________ this mystery and helped us to understand better.
A. surveyed B. clarified C. surrendered D. torn
5. Many job _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education
A. opportunities B. necessities C. realities D. occurrences
6. The earthquake in the past ten years caused many buildings to _______.
A. collapse B. terrify C. tend D. threaten
7. My __________ will fully support my plan in building the dam there.
A. threats B. treatments C. triangles D. colleagues
8. His poor health __________ him to resign from his job.
A. compelled B. treasured C. transplanted D. trimmed
9. The bus ___________ with the truck on the highway last night.
A. united B. undertook C. vanished D. collided
10. The city is __________of three sections, which are separated by rivers.
A. upset B. valued C. composed D. ventured
11. The firms are not allowed to set up any trade ________ among them.
A. barrier B. blame C. benefit D. duty
12. The street was ____________ by the police for fear that there was a bomb.
A. deceived B. delivered C. damaged D. blocked
13. The economy in this city was _______ by the new investment from abroad.
A. cancelled B. boomed C. buried D. crowded
14. On _______ of the school, I’d like to welcome you all.
A. behalf B. dairy C. decade D. delight
15. He is a ______ boy because he was not afraid of fighting with the bad man.
A. damp B. delicate C. cruel D. bold
16. There used to be an old city here, which was _______ under the river about years ago.
A. insulted B. insulated C. buried D. interrupted
17. The trip to the west has been ________ due to the lack of the funds.
A. insisted B. canceled C. infected D. inferred
18. What he suggested will be ___________ to your plan.
A. infinite B. intimate C. inflexible D. beneficial
19. His birthday was ________ in a big hotel and attended by about 200 people.
A. inspected B. installed C. celebrated D. interfered
20. The windy weather is _____________ of this city in spring.
A. supreme B. characteristic C. suspicious D. sympathetic
答案：
Vocabulary Test 2
1 题：答案为D。suppose 假设;supplement 补充;sweep 扫地;cheat 欺骗。
2 题：答案为C。surgeon 外科;suspicion 怀疑;ceremony 仪式;target 预算。
3 题：答案为B。swell 膨胀;circulate 循环;taste 品尝;tempted 引诱。
4 题：答案为B。survey 调查;clarify 澄清;surrender 投降;torn 斯裂。
5 题：答案为A。opportunities 机会;necessities 必需品;reality 真实，现实;occurrences 发生。
6 题：答案为A。collapse 崩塌;terrify 使害怕;tend 趋势;threaten 危险。
7 题：答案为D。threat 威胁;treatment 对待;triangle 三角;colleagues 同事。
8 题：答案为A。compel 迫使;treasure 珍惜;transplanted 移植;trim 修剪。
9 题：答案为D。unite 团结;undertake 承担;vanish 消失;collide 与相撞。
10 题：答案为C。upset 沮丧;value 珍视;compose 由组成;venture 冒险。
11 题：答案为A。barrier 壁障;blame 指责;benefit 受益;duty 责任。
12 题：答案为D。deceive 欺骗;deliver 送;damage 损坏;blocked 阻塞;封锁。
13 题：答案为B。cancel 撤消;boom 繁荣;bury 埋;crowd 使拥挤。
14 题：答案为A。behalf 代表;dairy 牛奶场;decade 十年;delight 高兴。
15 题：答案为D。damp 潮湿的;delicate 娇气;cruel 冷酷的;bold 勇敢的。
17 题：答案为B。insist 坚持;cancel 取消;infect 感染;infer 暗示。
16 题：答案为C。insult 侮辱;insulate 绝缘;bury 埋;interrupt 打断。
18 题：答案为D。beneficial 有益的。
19 题：答案为C。inspect 调查;install 安装;celebrate 庆祝;interfere 干涉。
20 题：答案为C。supreme 最高的;characteristic 特有的;suspicious 怀疑的;sympathetic 同情的。
月大学英语四级词汇语法练习题
1. He proved himself a ________ successor to the former Prime Minister.
A. worthwhile B. worthiness C. worthy D. worth
2. Your radio is too loud ,turn the ________ down.
A. volume B. voice C. sound D. tone
3. The Channel Tunnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever ________.
A. understated B. undertaken C. undergone D. underneath
4. He comes from a poor country village in the mountains, so it’s very hard for him to pay the whole school year’s ________ at one time.
A. money B. fare C. fees D. tuition
5. Anthony is a very ________ person and never wastes anything.
A. miserly B. thrifty C. economic D. conservative
6. He is seriously ill because his girlfriend has just deserted him. Why don’t you try some occupational ________ to remove his mind from distress?
A. operation B. therapy C. injection D. medicine
7. The government used their emergency powers to ________ the truth about the accident.
A. suppress B. manipulate C. control D. manage
8. The ________ of the member countries is supposed to be held recently at Geneva.
A. summit B. summary C. suffering D. summon
9. The ghostly presence was just a (n)_________ sensation of some people.
A. objective B. subjunctive C. subjective D. objected
10. The company is on the verge of bankruptcy ,and thousands of jobs are at ________.
A. danger B. loss C. threat D. stake
11. The ________ of these islands is still in dispute and the three countries are to have a conference next month to settle the issue.
A. sovereignty B. right C. authority D. power
12. That organization __________ persons of different political stands.
A. owns B. embraces C. composes D. consists
13. We would never have secured our independence without the aid you ______.
A. pursued B. requested C. presented D. rendered
14. Women are ________ against the restrictions on job opportunities.
A. proceeding B. negative C. revolving D. urgent
15. I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite _________.
A. artistic B. artificialC. arbitrary D. mechanical
16. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his ________ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.
A. impression B. reaction C. comprehension D. sentiment
17. We’d decided to sell our car, but then we began to have second ________.
A. plans B. minds C. ideas D. thoughts
18. The mystery guest on the show is ________ other than the President.
A. no B. none C. not D. nothing
19. During the recession they ________ the workers off for three months.
A. gave B. laid C. called D. dropped
20. I haven’t enough money to buy a car, so I just have to do _______.
A. nothing B. none C. without D. nobody
答案：
Vocabulary Test 1
1. 答案为C。worthwhile 意思是“值得花费时间、金钱或精力的”。worthy 可以表示“值得尊重或者考虑的”，用这一意思时通常做定语。worthiness 是worthy 的名词形式。worth 用作表语，意思是“有某种价值的;值得(做某事)”。本句需要填入一个作定语的形容词，所以， C 是正确答案。
2. 答案为A。volume 意思是“音量，响度”，voice 意思是“嗓音”，sound 意思是“声，声音，声响”，tone 指“音调，音质;语气，腔调;(乐器的)音质，音色”。
3. 答案为B。understate 意思是“有节制地陈述或表达;少说，少报”，undertake 意思是“承担，负起..的责任”，undergo 意为“经历，经受;接受，承受”，underneath 意为“在.. 的下面(介词);在下面，向下(副词);底部，底面(名词)”。
4. 答案为D。money 泛指“金钱，货币”;fare 指(公共汽车、轮船、计程车等的)票价; fee 指付给私人教师、医生等的服务费，酬金;tuition 尤指大专院校的学费。
5. 答案为B。miserly 意思是“似守财奴的，吝啬的”，thrifty 意思是“节检的，节约的”， economic 意思是“经济学的，经济的”，conservative 意思是“保守的，守旧的”。
6. 答案为B。operation 指“手术”，therapy 指“疗法”，injection 指“注射”，medicine 指“医术，医学;药”。occupational therapy 指“职业疗法”，即给患者创造性或生产性工作以治疗其身心某些疾病的方法。
7. 答案为A。suppress 意思是“阻止..被知道或看到”，manipulate 指“熟练地控制或操纵(某事物)”，control 意思是“控制”，manage 意思是“负责(谋事物)，管理，经营”。
8. 答案为A。summit 意思是“峰会，首脑会晤”，summary 意为“小结”，suffering 指肉体或内心的痛苦，summon 意为“传唤，传讯;(法院的)传票”。
9. 答案为C。objective 意为“客观的”，subjunctive 意为“虚拟语气的”，subjective 意为“主观的”，object 意思是“反对，抗议”，作动词。
10. 答案为D 。at a loss 意思是“不知如何是好，茫然，不知所措”，at stake 指“凶吉难卜，好坏无法预料”。可以说in danger 或under threat,但不可以说at danger 或at threat。{ad300_right}
11. 答案为A。sovereignty 指“国家主权”;right 指“对某事物的正当要求，做某事的权利”，通常说right to sth./to do sth.;authority 指“权利，权威;职权，权限”，power 指“(人的) 能力，(生理或精神上的)能力;操纵力，影响力;职权，权势”。
12. 答案为B。own 尤指以法定权利拥有某物;embrace 表示“欣然接受”;compose 意为“创作(乐曲或诗歌)”，表示“由……构成”时，应用be composed of 这一表达;consist of 意思是“由……构成”。根据题意及各选项的用法，正确答案为B。
13. 答案为D。pursue 意为“追求追逐”，request 意为“口头或书面的要求，请求”，present 表示“授予，赠予;介绍，引见;提出;呈递”等意思，render 意为“给予”。
14. 答案为A。proceed against sb. 意为“起诉某人”;negative 用作形容词意为“拒绝的，怀疑的，不同意的”;revolve 意为“反复思考，被仔细考虑”;urgent 意为“紧急的，极力主张的”。B、C、D 三项均不与against 连用。
15. 答案为C。artistic 意为“艺术的，艺术家的;富有艺术创造力的”;artificial 意为“人工的;虚假的;人为的”;arbitrary 意为“任意的;武断的”;mechanical 意为“机械的;机械似的，呆板的”。
16. 答案为A。impression 意为“(人、事件、经历等留下的)印象”，reaction 意为“反应”， comprehension 意为“理解，理解力”，sentiment 意为“情绪，伤感”。
17. 答案为D。second thoughts 意思是“(经重新考虑后)改变想法”。
18. 答案为B。none other than 固定短语，用以加强语气。句意为：该节目的神秘嘉宾不是别人，正是总统。
19. 答案为B。lay sb. off 意思是“暂时解雇(工人)”。
20. 答案为C。do without 意思是“没有..也行”。
12月大学英语四级词汇语法练习题
1. You need to ________ the time for the meeting or you will come late.
A. measure B. maintain C. confirm D. mend
2. All of his friends came and __________ him on his success.
A. concentrated B. melt C. congratulated D. mounted
3. The team ________ twenty young people who were carefully chosen for the work.
A. faces up to B. gets across C. gives rise to D. consists of
4. That country was _________ by the Allies in the Second World War.
A. persisted B. condensed C. persuaded D. conquered
5. The ________ expressed their passive view about the government’s policy.
A. critics B. politics C. economics D. tractors
6. At that time work was mainly ______ to slaves in that society.
A. blamed B. complained C. restricted D. expected
7. I didn’t expect to ________ my teacher in the street yesterday.
A. refer to B. wok with C. deal with D. run into
8. A sign announcing “No Meeting” was _________ on the door.
A. removed B. hung C. delayed D. panted
9. She has _________ a large sum of money from her father.
A. inherited B. presented C. hosted D. turned
10. The manager has to be _________ because he could not keep his promise.
A. replaced B. pasted C. frightened D. patched
11. At this moment, they are still __________ with many economic problems.
A. centered B. believed C. referred D. confronted
12. The conference was ____________ by one hundred experts in this field.
A. announced B. declined C. attended D. planned
13. It is believed that _______ spending will certainly lead to the bankrupt.
A. natural B. mysterious C. moist D. excessive
14. With a _________, he didn’t care about what his friend said.
A. contempt B. motivation C. reception D. realization
15. The guests are often very well _________ by the host in that city.
A. recovered B. refreshed C. reassured D. entertained
16. The medical report confirms that the flu has __________ almost everyone in this area.
A. infected B. raised C. recommended D. insulated
17. From the passage we can ________ that this disease can be cured.
A. insult B. inspire C. refuse D. infer
18. As the price keeps going up, _______ has turn into double figures.
A. recreation B. inflation C. refuge D. reduction
19. The ______ of jet travel has made the world seem smaller.
A. remark B. relationship C. removal D. innovation
20. The factors which would influence the learning will _____ with each other.
A. interact B. install C. innovate D. intend
答案：
Vocabulary Test 3
1 题：答案为C。measure 测量;maintain 保持;confirm 确认;mend 修补。
2 题：答案为C。concentrate 集中精力; melt 溶化;congratulate 庆祝;mount 簦上。
3 题：答案为D。face up to 面对;get across 克服;give rise to 引起;consist of 组成。
4 题：答案为D。persist 坚持;condense 压缩;persuade 说服;conquer 打败，征服。
5 题：答案为A。critic 评论者;politics 政治;economics 经济学;tractor 拖拉机。
6 题：答案为C。blame 指责;complain 抱怨;restrict 限制;expect 期待。
7 题：答案为D。refer to 指;wok with 与…工作;deal with 处理;run into 碰见。
8 题：答案为B。remove 移开;hang 挂;delay 推迟;pant 喘气。
9 题：答案为A。inherit 继承;present 展示;host 主持;turn 转动。
10 题：答案为A。replace 取代;paste 贴;frighten 恐吓;patch 修补。
11 题：答案为D。center 围绕;believe 相信;refer 特指;confront 面对。
12 题：答案为C。announce 声明;decline 下降;attend 参加;plan 计划。
13 题：答案为D。natural 自然的;mysterious 神秘的;moist 潮湿的;excessive 超量的。
14 题：答案为A。contempt 蔑视;motivation 动机;reception 招待;realization 实现。
15 题：答案为D。recover 恢复;refresh 提神;reassure 确保;entertain 招待。
16 题：答案为A。infect 感染;raise 扶养;recommend 推荐;insulate 绝缘。
17 题：答案为D。insult 侮辱;inspire 激励;refuse 拒绝;infer 暗示。
18 题：答案为B。recreation 娱乐;inflation 通货膨胀;refuge 避难处;reduction 减少。
19 题：答案为D。remark 评论;relationship 关系;removal 去掉;innovation 发明。
20 题：答案为A。interact 相互作用;install 安装;innovate 创新;intend 打算。
acclaimed 受欢迎的
apprentice 学徒
artist 艺术家
authentic 逼真的
avant-garde 前卫派
biographer 自传作家
cheerless 无精打采的
choreographer 舞蹈编排家
classic 经典的
clumsy 笨拙的
contemporary 当代的
critic 批评家
disciple 学徒
eccentric 古怪的
emotional 情绪的，情感的
emotive 感人的
erratic 奇怪的
feminist 女权主义者
figurehead 名誉领袖
genre 风格，体裁
genuine 真正的
household 家庭的，家喻户晓的
humanitarian 人道主义者
imagist 意象派诗人
immortal 不朽的，神
innocent 天真的，无罪的
inventor 发明家
lovelorn 相思病苦的
mechanic 机械工
minimalist 简单抽象派艺术
mortal 犯人
nervous 紧张的
nostalgia 怀旧主义，思乡
odd 怪诞的
outstanding 杰出的
patriarchal 家长的，族长的
people 人物
philanthropist 慈善家
lecture theatre 阅览室
linguistics 语言学
major 主修
mathematics 数学
mechanical engineering 机械工程学
medicine 医学
metallurgy 冶金学
minor 辅修
of school age 教龄
old boy 老生
pass an exam 通过考试
pass/passing grade 升级
philosophy 哲学
physics 物理
playground 操场
playtime/break 课间，休息
play truant/hooky 逃学，旷课
politics 政治学
primary education 初等教育
primary school/junior school 小学
private tutor 私人教师，家庭教师
professor 教授
project/thesis 毕业论文
psycology 心理学
pupil 小学生
repeat a year 留级
revise/go over 复习
school day 教学日
school holidays 假期
school uniform 校服
school year 学年
schoolboy 男生
schoolgirl 女生
schooling 授课
science 理科
secondary education 中等教育
secondary school 中学
semester 学期
seminar 研讨班
short course 短训班
social science 社会科学
sociology 社会学
spelling mistake 拼写错误
staff room 教研室
四级英语，英语四级，真的是一场很有意思的考试，好吧，其实一点都不好玩。但是为了大家可以顺利通关四级，大家还是要好好复习一下单词的哦。
rhythm n. 节奏，韵律;规律性变化
deny v. 否认;拒绝
population n. 人口
convey v. 传达;运输
route n. 道路;路线;路途;航线;途径，渠道
drift v. 漂流;缓慢移动;漂泊 n. 漂流，移动
crack v. (使)破裂，断裂;重击，猛击 n. 裂缝;缝隙;(突然的)爆裂声
prescribe v. 开药方;规定，指定
accuse v. 责备，控告
pursuit n. 追求;追赶
precaution n. 预防措施;防备
tender adj. 温和的，亲切的;幼小的;无知的
acceptable adj. 可接受的，合意的;受欢迎的
rebel n. 叛徒，起义者 v. 造反，反抗
specific adj. 明确的，确切的，具体的;特定的 n. (复)详情;细节
perform v. 表演，演出;执行，履行
select v. 选择，挑选，选拔 adj. 精选的，优等的
approve v. 赞同;批准，核准
explanation n. 解释，说明
temporary adj. 临时的;暂时的;短暂的 n. 临时工
enable v. 使……能够，使可行;准许
attribute v. 把……归因于;把……归咎于 n. 属性，特征
gentle adj. 温和的;柔和的;温柔的
wrap v. (用纸、布等)包，裹;(用手、脚)围住 n. 披肩，围巾;饺子皮;保鲜膜
appoint v. 任命，指定
participate v. 参与;参加
architecture n. 建筑学，建筑业;结构
capacity n. 容量，容积;能力
establishment n. 成立，建立;机构，企业
grasp v. 抓住，紧握;领会 n. 抓，握;把握;领会
treasure n. 宝物，财富 v. 珍爱，重视;珍藏
dispose v. 清除，处理
command n. 命令，指挥;司令部 v. 指挥，命令;控制，掌管
reasonable adj. 合理的;通情达理的;明智的，理智的
shade n. 荫凉处;色度;稍微;细微差别 v. 给……遮挡(光线);荫蔽
pray v. 祈祷，祈求
installation n. 安装;装置;设施
apparent adj. 显然的;表面上的;似乎真实的
correction n. 批改，修改，改正
fare n. 费用 v. 进展
rural adj. 乡下的;乡村的;农村的;有乡村特色的;田园的;有乡土气息的
legal adj. 合法的，法定的; 法律(上)的
victim n. 受害者;遇难者;牺牲品
deserve v. 应得，值得
intelligence n. 理解力，智力;情报
commission v. 委任，委托 n. 委任;委员会;佣金
hollow adj. 空的，空心的;空洞的 n. 树洞;凹陷处
vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆;工具;传播媒介
approximate adj. 大约的，近似的 v. 接近，约等于
occasionally adv. 偶尔地
scale n. 规模;刻度;级别;比例尺 v. 依比例决定;攀登
hostile adj. 怀敌意的，敌对的
refusal n. 拒绝，回绝
identify v. 识别，认出; 确定，指认
infect v. 传染，感染
duration n. 持续时间，期间
block n. 块; 街区; <英>大楼，大厦;阻碍 v. 阻止; 阻塞
influence n. 影响，影响力;有影响的人(或事物) v. 影响
precision n. 精确;精密
costly adj. 昂贵的，代价高的
precise adj. 精确的，准确的
tunnel n. 隧道;地道 v. 挖隧道;挖地道
possess v. 持有;具有
mineral n. 矿物;矿物质
slice n. 薄的切片;部分;锅铲 v. 切成薄片;大幅降低;砍，削
spray n. 水沫，喷雾器，喷剂 v. 喷雾，扫射，喷射;喷上涂料
formula n. 公式;方案;配方
substance n. 物质;实质;重要性
racial adj. 种族的;人种的
contest n. 比赛，竞赛;竞争 v. 争取赢得;争辩，就……提出异议
shrink v. 收缩，退缩，萎缩;缩水;回避 n. 收缩，萎缩
portrait n. 肖像，画像;描绘
reaction n. 反应，反响;化学反应
concentration n. 专心;集中;浓度
status n. 地位，身份，情形，状况
diverse adj. 不同的，多种多样的
exploit v. 利用;开拓，开采;压榨
shut v. 关闭，合上;禁止通行;(商店)停业 adj. 围绕的，合拢的;关闭的
storage n. 储藏，仓库;(蓄电池的)蓄电
filter n. 筛选，过滤;滤器 v. 过滤
edge n. 边，边缘;优势，上风;刀刃 v. 给……加上边;缓慢移动
sponsor n. 赞助者，赞助商;(法案的)发起者 v. 发起(提案，议案);赞助
resume v. 再继续，重新开始 n. 简历，履历;摘要
perceive v. 认为，视为;察觉，感觉，认知
seek v. 寻求，寻找，物色;搜索
exceed v. 超过，超出;超越
surgery n. 外科手术;外科;诊所
trace v. 追踪，找出根源;描绘，描摹 n. 痕迹;遗迹;踪迹;足迹
outline n. 概要;大纲;轮廓 v. 描画轮廓，描述要点
loan v. 借出，贷与 n. 贷款;借款
competent adj. 有能力的，能胜任的
majority n. 多数;大多数
independence n. 独立，自主，自立
interfere v. 干预，干涉;妨碍
existence n. 存在，生存
detect v. 测出;发现，查明
distinct adj. 不同的;明显的，清楚的;显著的
gesture n. 手势;姿态 v. 打手势
competition n. 比赛，竞争
confess v. 承认，坦白;忏悔
★ 小学级长工作总结
★ 大学月工作总结
