GRE阅读五大常见结构及解题技巧

2023-09-15 07:57:39| 收藏本文下载本文作者：Atonement

下面是小编为大家收集的GRE阅读五大常见结构及解题技巧（共含10篇），仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“Atonement”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。

GRE阅读五大常见结构及解题技巧

篇1：GRE阅读五大常见结构及解题技巧

考点：顾名思义是对某种自然或社会现象进行分析解释。这类文章在一开始就会描述一种“奇怪”的现象，说它奇怪是因为这种现象发生的频率比较低或者在日常生活中不容易见到，又或者是容易被我们忽略的一些现象。文章的展开也是围绕这一现象进行，首先是对这一现象的描述，然后介绍其产生的原因及所造成的影响，从而间接地表达作者的态度或评价。

应对方法：对于这类文章，考生不仅要对描述的现象有所了解，知道其具体在讲什么，更重的是对该现象的成因解释要理解透彻，明确产生这种现象的真正原因才能在作答时快速准确的从文中找到依据。建议大家在平时的练习中养成剖析文章结构的习惯，这样不仅可以大大提高做题的效率，还能举一反三，考生只要稍作归纳，就可以迅速解题，做到事半功倍。

2GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之观点比较型

考点：观点对比型的GRE阅读通常会在文章一开始就提出两个或两个以上的观点，并在下文中呈现出对比分析的特点。通过对两个或多个观点的分析比较，间接表现出作者的态度和评价，从而判断文章的主旨和基调。在做题过程中要注意观察作者的态度或评价，因为此类型的文章中通常会有关于作者态度的题目。

应对方法：这类文章主要是考察考生对文章整体的把握程度，对文章结构和内容的分析能力，以及对作者态度评价及逻辑的判断。文章通常围绕新观点展开，明白这一点，就要在平时的练习中多家注意，并养成好的做题习惯，这样才能在考试的时候临危不乱，取得满意的成绩。

3GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之结论说明型

考点：此类型的文章通常会在文章开头给出一个明确的结论，然后在下文中围绕这一结论进行详细论述，通过摆事实和分析论据的方式来证明结论的正确性或可行性。文章的展开通常会以“总-分”的形式来呈现。

应对方法：这类文章一般在首句都会出现一个主题句，即topic sentence，接着下文围绕这一话题展开讨论，并且在讨论的过程中不断抛出论据来证明该结论的正确性。通过对论据的分析考生可以准确判断作者的态度，对接下来的题目练习做好铺垫。考生在平时练习的时候一定要养成分析文章套路的习惯，“养兵千日用兵一时”对提升考生的准确率是非常有效的。

4GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之对比分析型

考点：此类型的文章通常会在文章开头给出两个或两个以上关于新观点的主题句，然后在下文中围绕这一观点进行详细论述和对比分析，并且在对比中会着重凸显作者的态度和观点。下面给大家举例说明一下。

应对方法：同样，此类文章在结构上也会呈现出总-分-总结构，第一段抛出观点之后在接下来的段落中进行针对性的分析，最后一段通常是对比分析后得出的结论汇总。所以在平时做GRE阅读的时候一定要养成分析文章套路的习惯，这样在做题的时候就能做到心中有数，下笔有神。

5GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之自问自答型

考点：问题解答类的文章通常会以问句的形式开始，第一段会提出一个问题或者呈现一个难题，而问题通常是“设问”句。常见的标志词如：problem，difficulty, task, puzzle, challenge, question等词。紧接着会对这一问题进行解答或作出解释，文章围绕这些问题展开讨论分析，并把作者的观点态度贯穿其中。主要考察考生对文章问题的理解以及对所给答案的分析和判断，要求考生有明确的思路和方向。

应对方法：该类文章的大体结构基本可以总结为“提问-解答-表明立场”，考生在读文章的时候一定要把握好文章的基调和作者的评价，善于分析并把握文章的重点，判断作者最想表达的内容。为接下来的作答做好准备。首先，正如上文介绍的，文章一开始就要找出作者提出的文章要讨论的问题。接着，作者会对此给出解答这个问题的重要信息考生对这些信息要进行明确的标注，方便最后的题目解答。最后根据作者对问题作出的回答判断作者的观点和立场，把握文章的主要内容。

掌握GRE阅读中出现的转折词

GRE阅读文章中常用的转折词有7个：but, however, yet, though, nevertheless, nonetheless, still。其中前四个为强转折词，后三个为让步式转折。读到这里，有的同学可能会疑惑：though不是让步连接词吗?没错，though一般情况下做连词，连接让步状语从句(句内转折)。但是如果是在两个逗号之间的though，则是副词，相当于however。如这句话About the same time, though, scientists realized comets might contain decaying radioactive isotopes that could have warmed cometary interiors to temperatures that caused the interiors to evolve. 此句表明科学家们完全不同意前一句的看法。让步式转折只要出现，必然是考点，同时也是容易丢分的点。

下面我们来一起看一篇GRE阅读文章：

Astronomers who study planet formation once believed that comets—because they remain mostly in the distant Oort cloud, where temperatures are close to absolute zero—must be pristine relics of the material that formed the outer planets. The conceptual shift away from seeing comets as pristine relics began in the 1970s, when laboratory simulations revealed there was sufficient ultraviolet radiation reaching comets to darken their surfaces and there were sufficient cosmic rays to alter chemical bonds or even molecular structure near the surface. Nevertheless, astronomers still believed that when a comet approached the Sun—where they could study it—the Sun’s intense heat would remove the corrupted surface layer, exposing the interior. About the same time, though, scientists realized comets might contain decaying radioactive isotopes that could have warmed cometary interiors to temperatures that caused the interiors to evolve.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

1. It can be inferred that the author would agree with which of the following statements about the “laboratory simulations”?

A. The simulations showed that despite the low temperatures in the Oort cloud, there was sufficient energy there to alter comet

B. Astronomers were initially reluctant to accept what simulation showed about the composition of comets

C. The simulations themselves did not eliminate the possibility that comets contain pristine relics of material from the early solar system.

这是一道不定项选择题。答案是AC，很多同学都选上了B选项，他们觉得 laboratory simulations这句话后马上出现了Nevertheless, astronomers still believed……..，因为nevertheless一词, 所以有的同学会觉得astronomers不会接受前一句的laboratory simulations的结果的。但是要知道，nevertheless和 nonetheless一样表示的都是让步式转折，也就是说天文学家接受前一句的实验结果，但是他们持不同的观点。所谓让步式转折就是接受前面的事实陈述部分，但是不接受观点。

GRE阅读真题难不难到底应该如何应对

GRE阅读真题虽然真的非常难也很拗口，但是词汇要求仅仅托福单词外加一些阅读题干中经常出现的GRE问题特征词，特别是那些初一就开始学的词在GRE中一定要细抠一下他们的本质区别和具体准确含义，比如qualify是限定削弱的意思，argue是个中性词不带感情色彩。对于那些八大悲剧类型的文本，仅仅是拗口的专有名词和拉丁词而已，就是个代号，根据同义反义的逻辑推导可以推出他们的含义，实际也用不上。

篇2：GRE阅读常见文章结构

GRE阅读常见文章结构

GRE阅读文章结构介绍：解释型

GRE阅读文章结构介绍：观点对比型

GRE阅读文章结构介绍：说明型

GRE阅读文章结构介绍：解答型

GRE阅读文章结构介绍：比较分析型

总而言之，GRE阅读虽然经常出现一些让考生困扰的高难度文章，但其文章结构本身却往往存在明显的套路，考生只要能够熟练掌握其中规律，就能在实战中快速找到突破口，轻松解决。如此一来，GRE阅读自然也就不会成为大家获取高分的拦路猛虎了。

GRE阅读制胜法则：如何做好阅读标记

1.根据GRE阅读题目类型固定或所涉及考点为已做标记范畴

1)问事物之间的关系，定位到同时标记这两个事物的地方。

2)问作者态度，定位到有态度词标记的地方。

3)问事物的缺陷，直接定位到标记缺陷处。

4)问文章大意类的主旨题定位与TS

5)问全文focus的特征，首先到TS处定位。

6)问文章结构、段落作用、行文方法类的主旨题定位于SE。

7)问作者举某个例子的目的，或者作者引用一段文字为了说明什么，这类就写作用意提问的题目一般定位于例子或者引述文字的上文。

8)提干句以IF结尾的改进型或取非题，定位在原文缺陷处或者有unless的句子。

9)如果题目为EXCEPT题，可以先看看原文的标记中有没有列举内容;如果有，很可能是答案所在。

2.GRE阅读题干有特征词的题目

1)最高级、比较级、数字、以大写字母开头的专有名词、年代、特殊历史时期、引号、斜体字。

2)选项标志词与题干核心词双重定位

3)段落定位

GRE阅读制胜法则：长句、难句重磅解析

1. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated,to pass through,they absorb some of the longer-wavelength,infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface,radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. (4)

虽然这些分子允许可见波长(visible wavelength)的辐射——阳光的绝大部分能量就汇集于此——不受阻挡地穿透，但它们却会吸收某些较长波长(longer- wavelength)，亦即从地球表面辐射出的红外发射(infrared emission)，这种辐射若不是二氧化碳的缘故就会被重新输送回太空。

难句类型：复杂修饰、抽象词

解释：前面的分句中有一个不算很长的插入语，但是因为它插入的位置正好在固定搭配allow something to do somthing中间，将allow和to分得很远，所以读起来让人感觉很不舒服。

后面的分句中的最后一行radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space是其前面的infrared emissions的同位语。其中的otherwise是副词作状语，表示如果后面的分句所说的they absorb some of the longer-waverlength, infrared emissions不发生时的后果。

意群训练：Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength， infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface,radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.

2. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling,thinking,and acting that “come naturally” in archetypal situations in any culture. (4)

这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用，不是规定人类行为的种.种细节，而是将各种限制强加于人类——即在任何文化的典型情景中都会“自然表露”的情感、思维、以及行动方式。

难句类型：复杂修饰、省略

解释：尽管我们很熟悉the role of something的这种表达，但本句中the role of被作者胜利很活。首先，在role后面有一个省略了引导词that的定语从句(因为role在从句中作ascribe的宾语)，这样就把role和系动词is隔得很远。其次，but前面的句子的主要结构The role is not of doing something其实是The role is not the role of doing something的省略形式，因为后面的the role与前面的完全重复，如果不把它省略掉，谁看到都要觉得啰嗦。因为同样的道理，but之后的one of imposing constraints实际上是is one role of imposing constraints的省略形式。

意群训练：The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints— ways of feeling, thinking,and acting that “come naturally” in archetypal situations in any culture.

GRE阅读

篇3：GRE填空常见题型解题技巧

1. 单空题

单空题可以说是GRE填空中最为基本的题型。解题一般不需要特别复杂的技巧和方法，只要考生本身具备足够的词汇量，同时对于近义词同义词有一定的辨析能力，那么做好单空题不会有太大困难。

2. 双空题

除了考察考生的词汇能力外，双空题还需要考验考生对于两个空格之间的搭配组合。正确解答双空题的思路不是确保单一空格的绝对正确，而是确保两个空格都能先对正确且逻辑合理。大家可以从句子的连词和从句等非主要题干部分寻找到解题线索帮助解答。

3. 三空题

在双空题的基础上进一步增加了题目难度。考生需要同时考虑三个空格之间的关系。除此之外，三空题的题目往往较长，有些题目甚至达到了短篇阅读的篇幅长度。还有些题目则干脆就是一句长难句。因此，考生必须具备一定的快速阅读理解能力和解析长难句的本领。练好长难句将成为解决三空题的一个关键要点。

4. 等价题

等价题可以算是比较另类的填空题。需要从6个选项中选择出两个意思相近的答案。考生不仅需要考虑单个选项本身的合理性，还需要寻找到能够表达出相近含义的“队友”。单独分析选项很容易造成大家的思路混乱，最好的做法是看完题目后先不看选项，而是根据自己的理解拟定一个大致的答案。然后再跟题目给出的选项进行比较匹配，这样一来可以最大程度上避免错误选项的干扰。

GRE语文提分填空才是突破口?

小编之所以说GRE语文VERBAL提分填空才是突破口，主要有以下2个原因：

1. 首先，美国院校在招手国际学生的时候，经常是按照大致地区来决定人数的，这也就以为着中国考生的竞争对手，往往是同为中国地区的自己人。这也就缩小了中国考生特有的在GRE数学方面的优势。这一点从去年GRE数学中国地区平均分163.5分就能一目了然。大家数学都能考出高分，自然就很难拉开差距。

2. 有鉴于上面一条，想要跟其他考生在GRE得分上拉开差距，那么就只能从VERBAL入手。而GRE语文中，阅读向来变化较多，没有固定的文章风格和题型思路，考得完全是考生的阅读理解能力基本功，所以也不太好把握。因此，拉开分数差距的重任，就落到了题目数量最多，占分比例最高的GRE填空TC部分。

GRE考试填空仿真试题及答案

This final essay , its prevailing kindliness ___ by occasional flashes of savage irony, bespeaks the ___ character of the author.

A marred

D vindictive

B illuminated

E dichotomous

C exemplified

F ruthless

选AE

翻译：最后这篇杂文通篇平和，但偶尔又透出一丝无礼的反讽，表现出作者分裂的风格。

先确定第一空，再推导第二空。

prevailing kindliness普遍的，占优势地位的是kindliness，偶尔闪现出野蛮的反讽，后者对前者的动作是：A破坏，B照亮启蒙，C通过举例说明，显然选A;

两种风格几乎是完全无法兼容的，所以第二空选E分裂、分歧。

vindictive 怀恨在心的，伺机报复的

dichotomous 两分的，分离的

ruthless 残酷无情的

GRE考试填空仿真试题及答案

Despite the ___ of many of their colleagues, some scholars have begun to emphasize “pop culture” as a key for deciphering the myths , hopes , and fears of contemporary society.

A antipathy

B discernment

C pedantry

D skepticism

E enthusiasm

F curiosity

选AD

翻译：一些学者开始强调“流行文化”作为一种解读传说，希望和恐惧等当代社会现象的关键，尽管他们的很多同行对此持反感/怀疑态度。

antipathy 反感、厌恶(的态度或对象)

discernment 洞察力

pedantry 墨守成规、迂腐(的特点或行为)

despite 指示让步转折

两拨人：一伙是句子的主语some scholars，他们对流行文化的态度是强调、视为关键;另一伙人是他们的同行，态度让我们选。两种态度构成让步转折。

GRE考试填空仿真试题及答案

As for the alleged value of expert opinion , one need only consult government records to see strong evidence of the ___ of such opinions in many fields.

A complexity

B failure

C uniqueness

D success

E excitement

选B

翻译：至于专家意见的所谓的价值，任何人只要翻翻政府记录就会发现，它们在很多领域都相当不靠谱。

only引导的条件关系。

as for 关于，至于，说到……

alleged 所谓的，questionably true or of a specified kind(韦氏大学词典)

consult 查询

本题结构简单，重点在于通过alleged和only判断情感色彩，“所谓的”价值隐含作者对专家意见价值的负评价，only…to see strong evidence 显示出这种评价的证据是显而易见的(排除了AC等模棱两可的选项)，直接选出来是B失败。

GRE考试填空仿真试题及答案

No computer system is immune to a virus , a particularly malicious program that is designed to ___ and electronically ___ the disks on which data are stored.

A prepare

D secure

B restore

E damage

C infect

F repair

选CE

翻译：没有什么计算机系统能免于病毒的侵扰，那是一种专门设计来感染和损坏存储数据的硬盘的恶意程序。

两空都向malicious看齐，找负面动作。

篇4：GRE阅读训练解题技巧

GRE阅读训练解题技巧不可不学这5招

把握GRE阅读题中文章的句子主干

对于语法知识有一定的要求，力求做到一句话只看一遍，充分利用自己的语法知识，时刻把握句子主干，修饰成分要毫无感觉地快速浏览。注意，这里的“毫无感觉”不是略读，而是不希望过多的修饰成分或插入成分影响对句子主干的理解，这四个字还需要自己多练习体会。

在做GRE阅读题时要做好标记

在GRE阅读文章中，除了大写字母、时间年代、最高级、转折标志词、因果标志词、列举、让步、强对比以外，还要标记出并列连接词(比如and)、分号、冒号、表示作者态度的词(褒义贬义词等)。这些内容往往都意味着出题点和解题点，标记好可以有助于理清解题思路。

关于做标记的小窍门介绍：标记符号不要只用一种下划线，也不要标记过多弄得到处都是，个人感觉最多三种，比如分别标记原因、转折和其他即可。常用符号可以是下划线或者括号等。

GRE阅读题训练要懂得取舍

GRE考试阅读题解题技巧的训练标准是

1. 让步分句(如：带although的分句、带it is true的分句、带do的分句等)一律跳过(但是用括号括起来)，只看后半个分句;

2. such as后的内容一律跳过，也用括号括起来，最好数数列举的个数，如果是4个，则必出题，其他个数不用管，出题了再回头看;

3. for example举例只要提炼关键词的首字母就可以了，也要括起来，重点看后面或前面的结论。

4. 原因——标志词常为because、since—— 一律跳过，括起来，只看结果。比较容易被忽略的是result in和result from，遇到这两个，可以用下划线做标记。

5. 老观点只把握关键词、知道讲的是什么就行，其他一律跳过。

6. 冒号后一律跳过，冒号下做标记。

7. 分号后一律跳过，因为表示并列，内容和前面大体一致，分号做标记，出题的话再回来看。

反复做GRE阅读题

这是提高GRE阅读速度的秘诀：反复阅读已经读过的文章，建议3-5遍左右，慢慢就会养成一种直觉，知道哪里略读哪里重读。

GRE阅读题中段首段尾要把握好

每段首句和全文末句一定仔细看。因为这往往是这段内容的主旨和总结，也是比较常见的出题点。

GRE阅读应掌握的逻辑思维

1. 类比的思维

类比的思维在GRE阅读中绝对不少见，也就是常说的类比题。主要说“下述哪一选项所述现象和原文第N行的说法比较相像?”或者说“下列哪个选项为原文的观点提供了一个很好的例子?”

此类题的思路是：要首先对原文的内容进行归纳和抽象，抽象的时候要注意，有态度的要把态度留下，把具体的名词都丢掉，最后形成的框架就是“对象+正评价/负评价/无评价+某事”。

还是来看一个例子，在N0.7第二套section 4里面，有这样一段话“It is one of nature’s great ironies that the availability of nitren in the soil frequently s an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants’ leaves are bathed in a sea of nitren gas.”我们把氮气(nitren)抽象为A，植物(plant)抽象为B，这句话的结构就是“B的周围有很多A，但B依然觉得A不够”。我们再到选项里看，很快会发现只有(C) That of shipwrecked sailors at sea in a lifeboat, with one flask of drinking water to share among them符合，置于这个的逻辑抽象，大家可以自己尝试一下如何抽象，同时也可以尝试下对其它错误选项同样也抽象。这种题目切记，不可先看选项，一定要“先抽象，再选项”。

2. 文中没说的不要选

有同学看到这第一个思维就在笑，这谁都知道，干嘛还要强调呢?我把这个思维放在第一个讲，是因为这是考生们最容易犯的错误，也是GRE考试阅读中最重要的一个思想。举个很简单的例子：

问大家上面两个图形是什么图形，大家都会无奈地笑笑后说，圆形和三角形。在大家无奈的笑后，我也只能无奈的笑笑，答案错了。因为根据三角形的定义，是三条线段围成的一个封闭图形，但是上面的图形并不封闭。同理，“圆”那个图形也并不是圆。这就是考生们经常犯的错误，总会主观地根据自己的知识，把一些文中不存在的东西给填补上，然后得出一个看似有理，实则荒谬的答案。所以请各位考生在下笔选之前，首先问自己这个原文到底说了没有，三思而后选。

3. “取非”思想

这个思想很简单，但是很有用。大家从高中开始就学习英语语法中的虚拟语气，但是大多数人学会的仅仅是虚拟语气中的一些规则，估计现在还忘了，这个只是只明其表，不明其理。在GRE阅读中，虚拟语气就有一种很有用的含义，那就是——见到虚拟语气就要想到“取非”。比如作者如果写到：“如果我能够把韦氏字典都背完，那我GRE阅读肯定没有问题了。”这句话其实想要表达的问题就是“我的GRE阅读有问题”。

下面我们来分析下，如何用取非的思想处理GRE阅读考试中的虚拟语气。

(1) 若在文章中看到虚拟语气，考虑直接取非反义理解，迅速把握作者态度。

如下面这句话：

例一：Perhaps, some scientists thought, migrants determine their geraphic position on Earth by celestial navigation, almost as human navigators use stars and plan, but this would demand of the animals a fantastic map sense. (选自N0.6题第一套section 1短文章)

这句话看似很长，翻译成为中文的意思是：“有些科学家认为，就像人类采用恒星和行星来定位一样，候鸟或许也是采用天体的导航才得以确定它们所处的地理位置，但这要求这类动物具有令人难以置信的地图感。”中文读过去都让人头疼。其实我们用虚拟语气取非的思想来处理，其要表达的意思就很简单，对前半句话取非，说白了就是前半句话是行不通的，也就是“migrants cannot determine their geraphic position on Earth by celestial navigation.”可以知道作者对这种解释持负评价。

我们再来看个例子：

例二：According to natural selection theory, a worker would enhance her fitness—or ability to propagate her genes—by hatching her own eggs in addition to or in place of the queen’s.(选自国内题1993年10月练习题section 5短文章)

这句话也是虚拟语气，我们直接取反理解，作者想要表达的就是 “a worker will not enhance her …”

运用这种取非的思想我们可以迅速的把握作者的态度，以及作者想要表达的真实意思。就不用先翻译成绕口的中文，再拼命的思索其中的含义，可以有效地为考试争取时间。

(2) 在题干中看到虚拟语气，大多需要用到取非思想，与之相对应的一种题型是GRE阅读题中常见的一种，叫做“改进型取非题”。看例子之前，先简单解释下什么是“改进型取非题”。很简单，如果题干问“如果一个对象怎样会更好”则是改进型取非题，来看具体的例子：

例：It can be inferred from the passage that the “first theories” of grazer control mentioned in line 3 would have been more convincing if researchers had been able to(选自NO.6第二套section 1长文章),这是一个典型的改进型取非题题干，问的是第三行第一个理论怎样会更好。

逻辑思路：既然是改进，原文肯定说到了它的不好之处或者有unless的句子，我们把造成不好的原因取非，就是所要的答案了。

按照此思路定位原文三行，看到后面有这样一句话“A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.”注意看插入语部分的“but did not prove”，这个就是缺点，取非就是“prove”再看五个选项：

(A) observe high phytoplankton numbers under natural lake conditions

(B) discover negative correlations between algae and zooplankton numbers from their field research

(D) make verifiable correlations of cause and effect between zooplankton and phytoplankton numbers

(E) invent laboratory techniques that would have allowed them to bypass their field research concerning grazer control

一眼扫过去就只有一个选项在讲证明，就是D中的verifiable。所以答案选D。很快解完此题。

(3) 取非的思路除了可以在虚拟语气中使用，还可以在另一种逻辑关系中使用，就是强对比的关系，也就是GRE阅读题中另一种常练习题型“强对比互取非题”，其主要特点是：原文中有强对比的双方，题干只问及其中一方，答案是对另一方叙述的取非;或者题干和原文存在强对比要素，如典型的时间要素，答案也是对原文的叙述取非。

来看个简单的例子，

例：The author suggests that, before the early 1950’s, most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did which of the following?(选自NO.6第三套section 4 长文章)

思路：在题干中看到了1950’s，第一反应就是要回原文定位，发现原文只讲到了”in the early 1950’s”并没有”before”，这显然就是时间上一个取非的关系，我们把in the early 1950’s干的事情取个非，就是之前干的事情。答案就很好选了，在此不举出来了。

这个思路很好理解，比如说“我1995年第一次去北京。”很显然，1995年以前我就没有去过北京。这就是时间状语的取非。其它的强对比关系(如处于相对低于空间的事物通常其特点呈强对比;新事物、新观点和旧事物、传统观点呈强对比;用最高级、唯一性限定的事物和其余所有同类事物的特征呈强对比等)，相信考生可以一眼看出，在此就不在一一列举例子了，重点在明白这种取非的思想。

4. 关于逻辑命题的问题

此类题目在GRE阅读中称为逻辑题，就是哪个选项成立，会support/weaken原文的观点。

先讲讲里面的逻辑思维，一个命题主要由三部分构成：条件、结论以及条件到结论的推理过程。如果同学们看到一个中文问题，说“下列哪项可以支持原文观点?”相信同学们的第一反应就是找原文的结论，再看哪个选项支持结论。这个思维就太狭隘了，因为支持条件、结论和推理过程都是对原文观点的支持，这点思维大家要建立起来。用一个例子给大家分析巩固下这个思维，具体题目和文章就不引述了，考生可以看看N0.6第二套section 1的长文章，讲的浮游植物和浮游动物之间关系。文中有这样一个推理，由“出现了高密度浮游植物的地区，浮游动物就少”推出了“浮游植物分泌排斥剂，把动物赶跑了”，后面有题问到如何削弱(weaken)此结论，我们直接看看正确答案(B)“动物排斥和植物种群密度是无关的”。言下之意就是把推理过程了，条件是推不出结论的。我们来看看，如何条件，“在某些地区，出现了高密度浮游植物，但浮游动物并没有减少”。这就削弱了条件。再看看如何削弱结论，“试验中，将植物体内的排斥物质放在正在培养着浮游动物的容器中，并不能使浮游动物的数量减少”结论就削弱了。所以考生们在做完一个逻辑题以后，不要满足于答案，要多想想到底是支持或削弱了条件，结论还是推理过程。当把这种思维变成自己思维一部分的时候，自然可以应对自如。

GRE阅读怎样快速选择答案

一、排除题的解题方法

1.精确定位排除法

如果前两种方法均不可以使用的话，我们就只能将选项精确的在文中定位，找出选项和阅读文章中的对应关系，注意选项中的同义代换与原文是否对应。有时会出现这样的情况，选项中有四个是和题目的关键词定位在一个段内的，但其中一个选项却定位在了另一个段落内，那么这个选项就是答案。

注意：正确答案一般是作者在文中明确反对过的，或者是根本未提到，再或者就是定位的段落未提到的(选项的关键词落在别的段落)说法。

2.强对比排除法：

如果GRE阅读题目中是关于A的提问，但是原文中没有直接给出与A相关的描述。不过，文中出现了与B相关的特征描述，而B呢正好是与A形成强烈对比的对象。那么我们只需要把B的特征取非就可以得到答案了。一般文章中会出现unlike，in contrast to, compared with,阅读的过程中遇到该类别的关键词注意要做笔记。

3.无关信息排除法:

如果某一个选项和文章大意没有关系或者根本没有提到过，那么它一定就是正确答案了。因此，在阅读的过程中要留意文章每段的中心意思，理出文章的写作思路，以此来作为细节判断的依据。

如果能够将题目定位到某一段，那么就可以用该段的TS(Topic Sentence 主题句)来进行排除，和TS无关的就是正确选项。

二、举例说明：

下面是GRE阅读No.5-2题目中的一道长阅读，我把它的第一段截取了出来：

In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a GREat deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been (5) accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in eg. number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures (10) has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient GREece.

1.识别重要信息，做标记

在读的过程中我们注意到上文阴影部分出现了典型的并列成分(标志：冒号，“A, B and C结构”)，读到后马上做记号(比如，我在文章右侧，标上了eg)。

中文翻译：

在很大程度上，由于女权主义运动(feminist movement)的缘故，史学家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力，来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。虽然对现当代的研究成就斐然，但古代文化的研究要证明更为困难：资料来源数量有限，支离破碎，难于解释，且经常互相矛盾。因此，人们并不特别惊讶地发现，有关这些古代文化的早期学术研究迄今为止听凭其流传下来，而未遭到质疑。其中一个实例就是约翰?巴霍芬(Johann Bachofen)1861年论述亚马孙人(Amazons)的论文，而所谓亚马孙人，即那些由女性统治的社会，其难置可否的存在与古希腊时值同期。

2.例题解析

不出所料，后文果然出现了except题:

All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT

(A) partial completeness

(B) restricted accessibility

(D) limited quantity

(E) tendency toward contradiction

通过”premodern cultures”或者“problems with sources”定位到上文中划阴影部分。5个选项都比较眼熟，一下子无法通过TS找出与原文没有关系的选项，也没有出现强对比。因此，选用精确定位排除法来进行解答，找出选项和原文的对应关系。

我们可以发现A选项partial completeness与fragmentary对应，说明资料来源的支离破碎(不完整性)，C选项difficulty of interpretation与原文的difficult to interpret对应，两者几乎都没有进行改写，只有词性的改变。D选项limited quantity与原文restricted in number相对应。E选项tendency toward contradiction与原文的contradictory相应。只有B没有找到相对应的并列成分。因此答案选B.

三、排除题相关的语言现象——列举，句子的并列成分，冒号

1.列举：

所谓列举，就是在GRE阅读文章中出现对某一对象的几个特征进行的逐条描述，比如first,...,second..., third... 遇到这样的语言现象赶紧做好标记，因为这个语言现象经常会考except题。

2.句子的并列成分

比如X includes A, B and C,这里的A B C就是句子的并列成分。这种结构也常考排除题。通常是有4个选项分别约ABC等成分相对应，而其中有一个成分找不到对应，或者是与原文意思不符。

3.冒号

冒号后面也常会出现列举现象，因此，遇到的话一定要标出来。后面的内容可以大致浏览或者不看。

篇5：实例讲解GRE填空五大解题技巧

根据关键词汇来判断语言上的基本逻辑关系

因果、(because, in that, for, therefore, thus, accordingly, consequently, given, hence, so…that, so...as to, if…then, when...then, as long as……)转折、(albeit, although, though, but, despite, even though, however, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, while, whatever, regardless, even if, even though, yet, and yet……)递进、(even, indeed………)对比、(in contrast, on the contrary, far from, on the other hand, rather than, instead of, not…but, paradoxically, ironically, surprisingly, unexpectedly, curiously……)等等。

寻找句子中的重复关系

作为研究生院入学的参考考试，也许是为了体现内容有深度，很多句子涉及到了各个学科的背景知识。同时基于对所有学科学生都要公平的原则，所有的题目在解题点上都不涉及背景知识。为了做到这一点，很多时候ETS都是把答案放到句子中，然后用语言上的线索提示你去把它找出来。以下是提供重复线索的几种常见形式：

(1) 简单的直接重复

The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of ___, though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.

A. economics B. legislation C. cleanliness D. aesthetics E. restoration

尽管大自然的美确实很重要，但污染的消除不仅是什么问题，当然不仅是美的问题。

Comparatively few rock musicians are willing to laugh at themselves, although a hint of----can boost sales of video clips very nicely.

A. self-deprecation B. congeniality C. cynicism D. embarrassment E. self-doubt

摇滚乐手很少自嘲，尽管什么东西能促进录像短片的销售，当然就填自嘲。

Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions between innocence and criminality, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were popular precisely because they offered the audience a world ___of___.

A. bereft.. theatricality B. composed.. adversity C. full.. circumstantiality D. deprived.. polarity

E. devoid.. neutrality

Melodramas这个词不认识也没关系，既然它表现的是无辜与罪行、道德与堕落、善与恶之间的刻板对立，那么它提供给观众什么样的世界呢?当然是刻板对立的世界，只有E选项符合要求。

(2) 解释型重复

The Muses are___deities: they avenge themselves without mercy on those who weary of their charms.

A. rueful B. ingenuous C. solicitous D. vindictive E. dispassionate

冒号后面的内容就是正确选项D这个词的释义，所以不知道缪斯是什么东西也能轻松选对。

Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents___.

A. demur B. schism C. cooperation D. compliance E. shortsightedness

冒号后面的内容解释了民主方式运作的工作团体中为何少有严重的冲突，所以即使看不懂a modicum of

tolerance for dissent是什么东西，也应该知道这个东西避免了严重冲突，故选B。

(3) 根据语法结构推断重复

The valedictory address, as it has developed in American colleges and universities over the years, has become a very strict form, a literary ___ that permits very little ___.

A. text.. clarity B. work.. tradition C. genre.. deviation

D. oration.. grandiloquence E. achievement.. rigidity

a literary ___ that permits very little ___. 是前面的a very strict form的同位语，所以第一空格填form的同义或近义词，that permits very little___. 这个从句完成后应为strict的同义或近义词。

Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than by men, but this dominance has, until very

recently, been regarded merely as ___ fact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.

A. a controversial B. a statistical C. an analytical D. an explicit E. an unimpeachable

这道题同样，a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.是前面的___ fact的同义重复，所以空格应填入文献学家关注的事实，已知的五个选项里显然只有B选项的statistical(统计的)是文献学家的份内工作。

(4) 凭借具有指示作用的形容词或代词来寻找重复

Longdale and Stern discovered that mitochondria and chloroplasts ___ a long, identifiable sequence of DNA; such a coincidence could be ___ only by the transfer of DNA between the two systems.

A. manufacture.. accomplished B. reveal.. repeated C. exhibit.. determined

D. share.. explained E. maintain.. contradicted

下半句的such a coincidence说明第一空格的动词填入后应体现为是一种巧合，两个看不懂是什么的、只知道是不一样的东西(非相关专业的绝大部分学生是不太可能认识mitochondria和chloroplasts这两个词的)怎样了一个长的、可以认为是一模一样的DNA序列就是一个巧合呢?当然只有D的 share表示了这个意思。

Laws do not ensure social order since laws can always be ___ , which makes them ___ unless the authorities have the will and the power to detect and punish wrongdoing.

A. contested.. provisional B. circumvented.. antiquated C. repealed.. vulnerable

D. violated.. ineffective E. modified.. unstable

Which指代逗号前面的那句话，也就是“法律不保障社会秩序”，这就使得法律怎样呢?当然只有D选项的ineffective符合句意。

对于含义晦涩的句子，判断语气或感情色彩是有效地解决方法，有时候甚至是唯一的方法

Johnson never ___ to ignore the standards of decent conduct mandated by company policy if ___ compliance with instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so, whatever the effects on his subordinates.

A. deigned.. tacit B. attempted.. halfhearted C. intended.. direct

D. scrupled.. literal E. wished.. feigned

这句话对于英语阅读能力较差的学生来说，通过正常的阅读理解来做还是有些难度的。但是如果注意到whatever the effects on his subordinates(无论对下级产生什么影响)的语气，就可以判断第一空格填入后应表示johnson干的不是什么好事，唯一符合这一判断的是D选项。

Ironically, the party leaders encountered no greater ___ their efforts to build a progressive party than the ___ of the progressives already elected to the legislature.

A. support for.. advocacy B. threat to.. promise C. benefit from.. success

D. obstacle to.. resistance E. praise for.. reputation

如果知道encounter的正确用法，就可以判断第一空格应填入一个负面色彩的词，这样就轻松排除了A、C、E三个选项，结合后面的意思来看，只能选D。

Although ___ is usually thought to spring from regret for having done something wrong, it may be that its origin

is the realization that one's own nature is irremediably ___.

A. contrition.. resilient B. certitude.. confident C.skepticism.. innocent

D. remorse.. flawed E. resignation. frivolous

第二空格被副词irremediably(不可救药地)修饰，根据这个词带出的语气可以判断第二空格应填入一个负面色彩的词，符合这一判断的只有D、E两个选项。第一空格remorse的意思完全地对应“regret for having done something wrong”，故选D。

Any language is a conspiracy against experience in the sense that it is a collective attempt to ___ experience by reducing it into discrete parcels.

A. extrapolate B. transcribe C. complicate D. amplify E. manage

这句话如果没有看过相关背景的书籍几乎是不可理解的，但是我们可以通过语气和感情色彩的判断来排除错误的选项，最终剩下一个看不出错的选项，也就是正确选项了。因为语言是对抗经验的阴谋(conspiracy against)，所以空格应填入一个负面色彩的动作，只有C选项(使复杂化、使变得麻烦)和E选项(manage除了中性的经营管理之外，还可以表示负面的操纵控制)符合这一判断。结合方式状语by reducing(减少、分解、简化)来看，C选项应被排除，最后剩下仍然看不懂句意的E选项就对了。

推理判断时注意避免发散思维

Natural selection tends to eliminate genes that cause inherited diseases, acting most strongly against the most severe diseases; consequently, hereditary diseases that are ___ would be expected to be very ___, but, surprisingly, they are not.

A. lethal.. rare B. untreated.. dangerous C. unusual.. refractory

D. new.. perplexing E. widespread.. acute

根据consequently提示的上下因果关系我们可以判断第一空格应填入severe的同义或反义，表示严重或不严重的词只有A选项。B选项表示未曾治疗的，D不用说了。C、E两个选项其实和是否严重没有关系，很多时候干扰选项的设置上利用了我们的习惯思维不缜密的、容易想当然的弱点。很多人会认为不寻常的、很少见的疾病就是严重的，寻常的、随处可见的疾病就是不严重的。但是只要稍微想一下就知道这里面没有任何必然的关系。

Although ___, almost self-effacing in his private life, he displays in his plays and essays a strong ___ publicity and controversy.

A. conventional.. interest in B. monotonous.. reliance on C. shy.. aversion toward

D. retiring.. penchant for E. evasive.. impatience with

第二空格根据转折关系显然只能选A、D两个选项，第一空格会有很多人觉得A选项可以选，因为觉得传统的人就是不喜欢抛头露面的，不喜欢与人争吵的。同样只要想想就该知道这里面没有任何必然的关系，并且即便我们中国传统的人真是这样，这里也没说他是中国人。这种干扰选项的设置路数和上一道题的感觉是完全一样的。

Considering how long she had yearned to see Italy, her first reaction was curiously ___.

A. meditative B. tepid C. categorical D. unoriginal E. insightful

干扰选项的设置和上两道题完全一样，A选项的沉思冥想并不表示她所应具有的高兴振奋的态度的相反，正确选项应为B选项(微温的，缺乏热情或激情的)，直接表明了与兴奋激动的态度的相反特征。

ETS总是倾向于把词义的对应上最为直接的、形同废话的选项设为正确选项

The hierarchy of medical occupations is in many ways a ___ system; its strata remain ___ and the practitioners in them have very little vertical mobility.

A. health.. skilled B. delivery.. basic C. regimental.. flexible

D. training.. inferior E. caste.. intact

医疗职业的等级(hierarchy)在许多方面是一个等级体系(caste system)

The natural balance between prey and predator has been increasingly ___, most frequently by human intervention.

A. celebrated B. predicted C. observed D. disturbed E. questioned

被掠食者和掠食者之间的自然平衡被人类的干扰(intervention)干扰(disturbed)了

Poe's ___ reviews of contemporary fiction, which often find great merit in otherwise ___ literary gems, must make us respect his critical judgment in addition to his well-known literary talent.

A. thorough.. completed B. petulant.. unpopular C. insightful.. unappreciated

D. enthusiastic.. acclaimed E. harsh.. undeserving

爱伦坡有判断力的(insightful)现代小说评论使得我们佩服他的判断力(critical judgment)

Aptly enough, this work so imbued with the notion of changing times and styles has been constantly ___ over the years, thereby reflecting its own mutability.

A.appreciated B. emulated C. criticized D. revised E. reprinted

十分恰当的是，这部充满了变迁(changing)的时代、变迁的风格的作品多年以来一直被改变(revise)，从而反映了它自身的可变性(mutability)

以上就是小编为大家整理的GRE填空结合实例讲解解题技巧，希望能对各位同学的备考有所帮助。

TIPS：GRE填空最易提分

在GRE verbal每个section的题目中，填空题和中国学生感觉头疼的阅读部分比起来，是一个相对容易在短时间内提高成绩的部分。因此，对于想考个合格的分数的学生来说，填空题往往是抓分的关键所在，只要能把握好这部分题目，一般都可以得到不错的分数。

GRE考试基础填空题及答案解析

Since it was committed to the idea of science as an international, politically neutral enterprise, the Royal Society of London refused to ___ members from enemy nations during world wars of the twentieth century.

A. betray

B. expel

C. endorse

D. oust

E. sanction

F. condemn

选BD

翻译：因为秉持着科学不分国界政治中立的理念，二十世纪的伦敦皇家学会即使在战时，也拒绝驱逐来自敌对国的会员。

commited (对事业、工作等)尽职的，坚定的

expel 排除(气体、液体等)，驱赶，驱逐，把…除名

endorse 背书，签署，批准，正式赞同或支持

oust 驱逐、罢黜，取代

sanction 批准，鼓励

condemn 谴责，官方宣称(某事物)有缺陷或不宜使用，判某人(死)刑

单词题。

皇家学会 [Royal Society (of London for the Promotion of Natural Knowledge)]

英国最早的科学学会。成立于1660年，早期的成员包括R.胡克、C.雷恩、牛顿和哈雷。它推动了科学思想在英国的发展，其成就举世瞩目。其《哲学学报》是西方最早的期刊之一(1665)，发表科学论文。论文的摘要刊载在《汇编》中。学会颁发几个享有声望的奖章。如今该学会有超过1,000名会员和90名外籍会员。

GRE考试基础填空题及答案解析

Although the insistence on balancing spending against tax revenues has contributed to the economy’s stagnation, unfortunately, the government does not seem likely to ___ this rigid policy.

A. initiate

B. persist in

C. publicize

D. repudiate

E. continue

F. recant

选DF

翻译：尽管坚持权衡收支已经导致国家经济停滞，不幸的是，政府似乎仍打算坚持这种僵化的政策。

balance A against B 权衡二者之利弊，将二者做价值上的比较

stagnation (水)不流动(的状态)，(比喻义)停滞、不景气、不发展

initiate 创始，开始，接纳或介绍某人进入某团体，带领某人入某行

publicize (通过广告)让公众注意

repudiate 拒绝接受或承认，拒绝遵守(协约等)，拒绝履行(义务等)，拒付(款项等)，抛弃，与…断绝关系，否定，回绝

recant (因不正确)撤回、撤销(声明、意见等)，宣布放弃(以前的意见、信仰等)

根据字面我们其实判断不出这种政策是更强调收、支或收支平衡，只能判断出一直在比较，不过这并非我们解题的必经之路，毕竟只需知道现在这种政策造成了国家经济停滞，然后根据 unfortunately 做判断就好。单词题。

我经常说某道题是单词，不是瞧不起这种题，而是告诉你，这道题的逻辑相对浅白，如果背了单词就不难做对，这种题恰好是我们最应该重视，也最容易提高分数的突破口。单词题的选项，尽量保证都认识，还不认识的，抓紧背下来。

GRE考试基础填空题及答案解析

Although field studies have linked inbreeding to declines among song sparrow populations, some researchers argue that, in nature, inbreeding proves ___ as a factor when compared with crushing blows from weather changes.

A. hazardous

B. momentous

C. trivial

D. significant

E. precarious

F. inconsequential

选CF

翻译：尽管田野调查把歌带鹀种群数量减少与近亲繁殖联系起来，但一些研究者指出，与自然界中天气骤变带来的毁灭性风暴相比，近亲繁殖的破坏因素太小了。

inbreed近亲繁殖，群体内部产生、发展等

song sparrow 歌带鹀(音无)，外形像麻雀(sparrow)的一种鸟

hazardous 危险的，冒险的

momentous 极重要的，严重的

trivial 普通的，琐碎的，无价值的

precarious 依赖他人意愿的，不安全的，视环境或条件而定的，不确定的

inconsequential 不符合逻辑的，无关紧要的、琐碎的

GRE考试基础填空题及答案解析

In Japanese aesthetics, especially but not only in Noh, beauty contains the idea of ___ : beauty must have an air of evanescence, the intimation of its own demise.

A. transience

B. symmetry

C. decay

D. simplicity

E. balance

F. deterioration

选 CF

翻译：在日本美学中，特别是能剧但不限于能剧，美包括衰亡的概念：它必须有一种迅速消散的味道，一种对自身终结的暗示。

transience 短暂，临时

transience 一般只用来形容时间短，特指 “短命” 可以说 transitory / ephemeral，转瞬即逝的。退一步说，如果我们选了 transience，日本美学就不只包含死亡的概念，且还有了 “短命、早夭” 的意思，与常识也相悖。

symmetry 对称

decay (生物学)腐烂、分解，(物理学)衰变、衰减，衰亡，毁坏，消瘦，衰退

simplicity 简单，淳朴，天真，傻

deterioration 恶化，崩溃，瓦解

evanescence (像蒸汽一样)迅速消失

能剧 [No drama]

又作Noh drama。日本的传统戏剧形式。为世界上现存最古老的戏剧形式之一。能剧有史诗般的主题、合唱队、高度程式化的动作、戏装和布景。参与演出的讲故事人皆为男性，他们通过面部表情和形体动作来暗示故事的本质，而不是把它表现出来。能剧(“能”有才能或技巧之意)是由古老的舞蹈戏剧形式发展而来，在14世纪演变成其特有的形式。能剧的5种形式有：神能叙述神道教神社的神圣故事;修罗能(打斗戏剧之意)是以武士为中心的故事;假发能(假发戏之意)则有女性角色;现代剧或疯女戏则有各式各样的内容;尾能(最后或恶魔之意)以恶魔和怪兽为特色。观世弥(1333～1384)和其子世阿弥(1363～1443)创作了许多最优美的能剧剧本，其中200多个仍保留成为现代能剧剧目。

篇6：GRE阅读3种常见主体结构精讲

1.结论-解释型(也叫论点-解释型)

2.新老观点对比型

3.现象解释型(包含问题-解决方案型)

GRE阅读文章结构精讲：结论-解释型

这类文章在开始有一个判断句，一般是文章的结论，也是文章的主题。这个判断句的谓语部分通常包含系动词(is, remain, prove, turn out, appear等)或情态动词(can, may, should, must等)，而且含有表示态度的词汇(如形容词等)。例如：

Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth's subsurface, the seismic-reflection method remains the most important tool in the search for petroleum reserves. In field practice, a subsurface is mapped by arranging a series of wave-train sources, such as small dynamite explosions, in a grid pattern…

文章首句指出：由于“地震反射法”(sr)在勾划地球的地下层面这方面的准确性，该方法一直是探寻石油储备的最重要的工具。这是一个判断句，为结论。其中remains为系动词，而most important为态度词，表示作者对“地震反射法”持非常正面的评价。

后文应解释“地震反射法”的具体过程。第二句话对解释进行总的说明：“在实地作业中，通过将一系列波列源，诸如小规模炸药爆炸，排列成一个网格模式，从而将地下层面标绘出来。”接下来是“地震反射法”的详细过程。

GRE阅读文章结构精讲：新老观点对比型

这类文章在开始提出老观点，然后提出新观点并进行论述。通常新观点是文章的主题。老观点出现的标志词有：

1.传统观点： has been, traditionally, until recently等。

2.大众观点：frequently, widely, many等。

新观点出现的标志词有：however, recently, now等。

例如：

Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used。

However, a number of features that are characteristic of wind-pollinated plants reduce pollen waste…

文章首句指出：“传统上，风媒授粉过程一直被视为是一个以随机事件为标志的繁殖过程，其中风的不确定性通过产生大量花粉而得以补偿，因此，新种子的最终繁殖得以保证，而此举的代价是所需产生的花粉要远远超过实际的使用量。”由第一个词traditionally可知文章首句为老观点(由于风的不确定性，风媒植物要产生大量花粉补偿)，那么本文的结构是“新老观点对比型”。

第二段首句出现了GRE阅读中的标志性转折词however,说明这句话就是新观点：“但是，风媒植物所独有的一系列特征可减少花粉浪费。”这说明风媒植物除了可以产生大量花粉加以补偿的消极策略之外，还可以通过一些积极机制减少花粉损失，不一定需要产生大量花粉。

GRE阅读文章结构精讲：现象解释型

文章开始提出一个现象，然后解释现象。解释是主题。有多个解释时，作者一般对前面的解释持负面评价，对最后的解释持正面评价。提出现象时的标志词有：phenomenon, fact; problem, difficulty, puzzle, question等。例如：

What causes a helix in nature to appear with either a dextral (“right-handed,”or clockwise) twist or a sinistral (“left-handed,” or counterclockwise') twist is one of the most intriguing puzzles in the science of form…What mechanisms, control handedness and keep left-handedness rare?

It would seem unlikely that evolution should discriminate against sinistral snails if sinistral and dextral snails are exact mirror images, for any disadvantage that a sinistral twist in itself could confer on its possessor is almost inconceivable. But left- and right-handed snails are not actually true mirror images of one another…

是什么样的原因致使自然界中的螺旋体呈现出右旋(“右向旋转的”，或顺时针的)或左旋(“左向旋转的，”或反时针的)?这是形态科学中一个最引人入胜的不解之谜。究竟是一些什么样的机制控制着旋转方向，并使左旋的比例为数稀少呢?

但是，这种结合不对称、解剖学和偶然性的进化论机制并未提供一种充分的解释，以说明蜗牛的右旋何以会成为主要的旋向。于是，进化论必须让位于支持右旋或左旋的明确的发育机制为基础的理论。因此，解决所有蜗牛身上旋向之谜的道路似乎与这一螺旋体本身一样曲折复杂。

上文在第一段最后提出一个问题：“究竟是一些什么样的机制控制着旋转方向，并使左旋的比例为数稀少呢?”这个问题就是一个现象：螺旋体中左旋的比例少。有问题就有解答，有现象就有解释。第二段从进化论的角度解释这一现象。但是，GRE阅读文章中一般对进化论的解释持负面评价，所以需要寻找新的解释。第三段否定了进化论的解释。在末段，作者以发育机制(developmental mechanism)解释“为何左旋少、右旋多”。

把握了文章的三种主体结构以后，做文章后的许多题时易如反掌。

本文的结构是“结论-解释型”，因此(C)为正确答案。由此可见，对于GRE阅读来说，把握文章的主体结构，而不陷入文章词句与细节的泥沼中，是一件快意的事情：文章读得爽，题也做得爽。

GRE阅读练习每日一篇

If a supernova (the explosion of a massive star) triggered star formation from dense clouds of gas and dust, and if the most massive star to be formed from the cloud evolved into a supernova and triggered a new round of star formation, and so on, then a chain of star-forming regions would result. If many such chains were created in a differentially rotating galaxy, the distribution of stars would resemble the observed distribution in a spiral galaxy (spiral galaxy: n.(=spiral nebula)螺旋星云,旋涡星云).

This line of reasoning underlies an exciting new theory of spiral-galaxy structure. A computer simulation based on this theory has reproduced the appearance of many spiral galaxies without assuming an underlying density wave, the hallmark (a distinguishing characteristic, trait, or feature “the dramatic flourishes which are the hallmark of the trial lawyer Marion K. Sanders”) of the most widely accepted theory of the large-scale structure of spiral galaxies. That theory maintains that a density wave of spiral form sweeps through the central plane of a galaxy, compressing clouds of gas and dust, which collapse into stars that form a spiral pattern.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) describe what results when a supernova triggers the creation of chains of star-forming regions

(B) propose a modification in the most widely accepted theory of spiral-galaxy structure

(D) describe a new theory of spiral-galaxy structure and contrast it with the most widely accepted theory

(E) describe a new theory of spiral-galaxy structure and discuss a reason why it is inferior to the most widely accepted theory

18. The passage implies that, according to the new theory of spiral-galaxy structure, a spiral galaxy can be created by supernovas when the supernovas are

(A) producing an underlying density wave

(B) affected by a density wave of spiral form

(D) located in the central plane of a galaxy

(E) located in a differentially rotating galaxy

19. Which of the following, if true, would most discredit the new theory as described in the passage?

(A) The exact mechanism by which a star becomes a supernova is not yet completely known and may even differ for different stars.

(B) Chains of star-forming regions like those postulated in the new theory have been observed in the vicinity of dense clouds of gas and dust.

(D) Computer simulations of supernovas provide a poor picture of what occurs just before a supernova explosion.

(E) A density wave cannot compress clouds of gas and dust to a density high enough to create a star.

20. The author’s attitude toward the new theory of spiral-galaxy structure can best be described as

(A) euphoric

(B) enthusiastic

(D) critical

(E) disputatious

The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to (down to: 下至) the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlins’ interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.

The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that the White servant’s position was improving during and after the 1660’s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins’ interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow evidence from the 1630’s on that points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.

This possibility has important ramifications. If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harsher treatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America—such as a Roman conception of slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality—explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lack of something. A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.

21. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of lines 1-8 of the passage?

(A) A historical trend is sketched and an exception to that trend is cited.

(B) Evidence for a historical irregularity is mentioned and a generalization from that evidence is advanced.

(C) A paradox about the origins of an institution is pointed out and the author’s explanation of the paradox is expounded.

(D) A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.

(E) An interpretation of the rise of an institution is stated and evidence for that interpretation is provided.

22. Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawn from the passage about the effects of “several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures” (lines 22-23) passed during and after the 1660’s?

(A) The acts negatively affected the pre-1660’s position of Black as well as of White servants.

(B) The acts had the effect of impairing rather than improving the position of White servants relative to what it had been before the 1660’s.

(C) The acts had a different effect o n the position of White servants than did many of the acts passed during this time by the legislatures of other colonies.

(D) The acts, at the very least, caused the position of White servants to remain no better than it had been before the 1660’s.

(E) The acts, at the very least, tended to reflect the attitudes toward Black servants that already existed before the 1660’s.

23. With which of the following statements regarding the status of Black people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660’s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?

(A) Although Black people were not legally considered to be slaves, they were often called slaves.

(B) Although subject to some discrimination, Black people had a higher legal status than they did after the 1660’s.

(D) Although often not treated the same as White people, Black people, like many White people, possessed the legal status of servants.

(E) Although apparently subject to more discrimination after 1630 than before 1630, Black people from 1620 to the 1660’s were legally considered to be servants.

24. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of the following about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?

(A) Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.

(B) Racial prejudice most often took the form of the imposition of inherited status, one of the attributes of slavery.

(D) Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic church, racial prejudice sometimes did not result in slavery.

(E) Although existing in a lesser form before the 1660’s, racial prejudice increased sharply after slavery was legalized.

25. The passage suggests that the existence of a Roman conception of slavery in Spanish and Portuguese colonies had the effect of

(A) extending rather than causing racial prejudice in these colonies

(B) hastening the legalization of slavery in these colonies

(D) delaying the introduction of slavery into the English colonies

(E) bringing about an improvement in the treatment of Black slaves in the English colonies

26. The author considers the explanation put forward by Freyre and Tannenbaum for the treatment accorded Black slaves in the English colonies of North America to be

(A) ambitious but misguided

(B) valid but limited

(D) anachronistic and controversial

(E) premature and illogical

27. With which of the following statements regarding the reason for the introduction of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America would the author be most likely to agree?

(A) The introduction is partly to be explained by reference to the origins of slavery, before the 1660’s, in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies.

(B) The introduction is to be explained by reference to a growing consensus beginning in the 1630’s about what were the attributes of true slavery.

(C) The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to a decline than to an improvement in the position of White servants in the colonies during and after the 1660’s.

(D) The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to the position of Black servants in the colonies in the 1630’s than by reference to their position in the 1640’s and 1650’s.

(E) The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to the history of Black people in the colonies before 1660 than by reference to the improving position of White servants during and after the 1660’s.

答案：17-27：DECBDDACCBE

篇7：GRE阅读难题的通用解题技巧

GRE阅读应对难题的通用解题技巧

GRE阅读提高技巧1：保持好奇心

在GRE阅读平时的练习中，想必大家都会经常读到一些晦涩难懂的概念，这个时候，不同的态度就会对之后的学习产生一些影响。比较积极的思考方式是“真有意思啊，我又了解到某些东西”。虽然事实上你可能一辈子也不会再读到这些文章，去了美国你也只会读关于你专业的学术文章，但GRE为你提供了一个平台，让你去涉猎更多的领域。当你读到美国宪法修正案、美国黑人奴隶斗争史、女性作家时试着让自己置身于这样一个年代，你会发现自己更投入。而在这一过程中，你的知识面也得到了开拓，有时候还会学到一些新的词汇和其他内容，无形之中便提升了自己的英语阅读水平和知识积累。

GRE阅读提高技巧2：记录新概念/事件/人物

GRE阅读的pre-knowledge到底有没有用?对于这点，很多老师和学生的看法都不太相同，考虑到GRE阅读有两个难点：句子晦涩难懂和做题时间非常有限，一遍必须读懂，

如果你事先对某一概念了解了，那么pre-knowledge绝对可以帮你化险为夷。但是不要把自己的观点过多的带入到文章，这样会影响你的理解。而当你在阅读的时候读到了自己不熟悉的概念，可以Notebook或者Word等随时记下感兴趣或者不知道想要查阅的东西，或是直接上GOOGLE搜索一下相关概念，对于以后的阅读积累也是很有帮助的。

GRE阅读提高技巧3：主动去阅读

这是一个再强调也不过分的习惯。做GRE阅读练习时，积极的心态十分必要，也就是主动去读，消极被动的阅读态度和习惯会让你读完一篇文章根本不知道讲了什么，无形中便降低了学习效率。而主动读文章最好的方法就是PEAR法。这个不是梨的意思，而是四点首字母的集合：

1. Pause，读完每个段落停下来;

2. Evaluate，总结大意，思考此段落的作用;

3. Anticipate，预期下一段会讲什么;

4. Reassess，读完下一段再对第二步的evaluate进行评估。

读下一段接着继续PEAR直到全文读完，Reassess全文并清晰了解全文的行文方式和逻辑构思。

GRE阅读提高技巧4：Passage Map

读完文章用10-15秒在脑子里画一下这个文章的Map，行文方式，每一段讲了什么，作者态度。这是最重要的10到15秒，很多考生忽视了这10到15秒直接跳去做题，这样你不但对整篇文章做不到心中有数，更会造成读了后面忘了前面。

你在每一次读完一篇GRE文章，都需要在脑子里形成一个Passage Map，这是非常重要的。

GRE阅读：Design-Engineering

Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technol.ists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers—using non-scientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technol.ist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technol.y, it has been non-verbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rock exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.

The creative shaping process of a technol.ist’s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technol.ist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should the valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions, such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.

Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail “hard thinking,” nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of c.nitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.

If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.

19.1. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with

(A) identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technol.ists

(B) stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design

(D) contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technol.ists

(E) criticizing engineering schools for emphasizing science in engineering curricula

19.2. It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula are

(A) strengthened when they include courses in design

(B) weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed to develop mathematical skills

(D) strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have made in the development of automatic control systems

(E) strong despite the absence of nonscientific modes of thinking

19.3.Which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of lines 1-28 of the passage?

(A) When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it is the technol.ist who is best equipped to repair it.

(B) Each component of an automobile—for example, the engine or the fuel tank—has a shape that has been scientifically determined to be best suited to that component’s function.

(D) The designer of a new refrigerator should consider the designs of other refrigerators before deciding on its final form.

(E) The distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designer’s conceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.

19.4.Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to the passage?

(A) The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technol.ical developments must be derived from science ignores the many non-scientific decisions made by technol.ists.

(B) Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in the success of technol.ical development.

(C) As knowledge of technol.y has increased, the tendency has been to lose sight of the important role played by scientific thought in making decisions about form, arrangement, and texture.

(D) A movement in engineering colleges toward a technician’s degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common among engineers.

(E) A technol.ist thinking about a machine, reasoning through the successive steps in a dynamic process, can actually turn the machine over mentally.

19.5 The author calls the predicament faced by the Historic American Engineering Record “paradoxical” (lines 36-37) most probably because

(A) the publication needed drawings that its own staff could not make

(B) architectural schools offered but did not require engineering design courses for their students

(D) the drawings needed were so complicated that even students in architectural schools had difficulty making them

(E) engineering students were not trained to make the type of drawings needed to record the development of their own discipline

19.6. According to the passage, random failures in automatic control systems are “not merely trivial aberrations” (lines 53) because

(A) automatic control systems are designed by engineers who have little practical experience in the field

(B) the failures are characteristic of systems designed by engineers relying too heavily on concepts in mathematics

(D) designers of automatic control systems have too little training in the analysis of mechanical difficulties

(E) designers of automatic control systems need more help from scientists who have a better understanding of the analytical problems to be solved before such systems can work efficiently

19.7. The author uses the example of the early models of high-speed railroad cars primarily to

(A) weaken the argument that modern engineering systems have major defects because of an absence of design courses in engineering curricula

(B) support the thesis that the number of errors in modern engineering systems is likely to increase

(C) illustrate the idea that courses in design are the most effective means for reducing the cost of designing engineering systems

(D) support the contention that a lack of attention to the nonscientific aspects of design results in poor conceptualization by engineers

(E) weaken the proposition that mathematics is a necessary part of the study of design

GRE考试阅读练习：舞蹈物理动作

Analyzing the physics of dance can add fundamentally to a dancer’s s kill. Although dancers seldom see themselves totally in physical term s —as body mass moving through space under the influence of well-known forces and obeying physical laws —neither can they afford to ignore the physics of movement. For example, no matter how much a dancer wishes to leap off the floor and then s tart turning, the law of conservation of angular momentum absolutely prevents such a movement.

Some movements involving primarily vertical or horizontal motions of the body as a whole, in which rotations can be ignored, can be studied using simple equations of linear motion in three dimensions . However, rotational motions require more complex approaches that involve analyses of the way the body’s m as s is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different types of m t, and the sources of the forces that produce the rotational movement.

26.1 The primary purpose of the pas s age is to

(A) initiate a debate over two approaches to analyzing a field of study

(B) describe how one field of knowledge can be applied to another field

(D) define and elaborate on an accepted scientific principle

(E) discuss the application of a new theory within a new setting

26.2. The author mentions all of the following as contributing to an understanding of the physics of dance EXCEPT:

(A) the law of conservation of angular momentum

(B) analyses of the way in which the body’s m as s is distributed

(D) analyses of the sources that produce rotational motions

(E) the technical term s form ovements such as leaps and turns

26.3.The author implies that dancers can become more s killed by doing which of the following?

(A) Ignoring rotational movements

(B) Understanding the forces that perm it various movements

(D) Learning the technical term s utilized by chore.raphers

(E) Circumventing the law of conservation of angular momentum

26.4.Analysis of which of the following would require the kind of complex approach described in the last sentence?

(A) A long leap across space

(B) As hort jump upward with a return to the s am e place

(D) Short, rapid steps forward and then backward without turning

(E) Quick s ides teps in a diagonal line

答案：BEBC

英语阅读

篇8：GRE阅读题型解题技巧解析

GRE阅读题型解题技巧解析

GRE阅读对于考生要求较高，词汇、长难句、逻辑结构等，缺一不可。因此做好备考计划，将有助于大家用较少的时间和精力取得更好的复习效果。大家在日常备考过程中，可以在以下方面有针对性的加强GRE阅读训练，从而提高自己的GRE成绩!

词汇能力的累积

GRE单词对于绝大部分同学来说难度很大，起初同学们会凭直觉认为单词越长越难背。但是，经历过一段时间的学习后，大家发觉那些构词比较简单的单词反而更难以掌握，特别是以字母 D , T , S , 开头，由5-6个字母组成的单词。其次， GRE 考试多次出现一词多义的考题，所以单纯地依靠“刷单词”，考生未必能掌握出题人实际考察的意思。

因此，针对 Word Polishing 比较好的学习方法是，在真题练习中，通过上下文的意思理解并掌握单词。

强化长难句

GRE考试有一个重要规则：长句不难，难句不长。真正难的句子，是那些长度适中、几乎没有生僻单词，但整体意思却晦涩难懂的句子。破解这些难句需要我们以真题为背景，将这些句子逐个梳理出来，建立难句资源。

句子，作为任何阅读文章基本的阅读单位，其重要性不言而喻。换句话说，句子读不懂，想要读懂文章，好比痴人说梦。可是GRE阅读中的句子之繁难，超出其他所有的英语考试的范畴，其长度更立人瞠目，往往读到句末，已经忘了前面在说些什么，令很多初学者困惑不已，不得不放弃真正读懂文章的想法。

建议考生一定要在正式模考之前把长难句拿下。现掌握了长难句阅读能节省很多的复习时间，之前需要一个词一个词来读的文章，通过训练可以做到以段来理解。

量的积累

熟悉GRE阅读套路的简单粗暴方法就是大量接触GRE的阅读。结束长难句的专项训练之后，大家就可以开始进行强度较大的阅读训练了，把各类能找到的GRE阅读真题和练习题都拿来作为积累阅读量的材料，有时间的话还可以看一些英文课外读物补充知识面，通过大量阅读的方式积累对于GRE阅读的熟悉程度。

题目分类解析

中心思想题

所谓中心思想题，是GRE考试当中唯一具有主观思想的考题。主要考察的是考生对于文章的大概意思还有考生对文章总体结构的把握能力。因为GRE考试的范围涉及范围很广，几乎包括了考古，生物，文学和社会科学等等几个比较大的科目。所以针对这样的题型，几乎是对所描述的客观事物的记录以及内容的记叙，不会涉及作者自己的态度以及观点。

根据文章的主要特征，GRE阅读包含两种写作方式：记叙文以及议论文。记叙文是对文章中所涉及到的某类人物或者现象的描述，是对客观存在的事物进行的纪录以及描述。其文章的逻辑发展主要是通过时间顺序或者是空间顺序进行的。相比之下，议论文是通过对文章中的某种客观的事物或者观点表达的看法。

列举题

列举，顾名思义，就是通过对文章中符合考题的几个例子进行列举，以获得正确的选项。列举题的形式包括以下两种：

第一种是对文章中没有提及到的例子进行列举。考察的方式是通过询问考生选项中没有被提及的例子，进行排除，考生可以定位原文，然后选出正确的答案;

第二种，选择文章中提及到的事例。总之，列举题在文章中出现的几率会很大，通常一篇文章会出现一道题目。

复述题

针对于复述题，是GRE阅读中相对简单的考题，只要考生可以根据题目要求回归定位原文，那么针对此类的题目，考生及可以迎刃而解了。回答这种题型的技巧是，考生可以分析选项中是否有通过原文改写而成的句子，改写形式包括形容词与副词之间的改写，动词与动名词之间等等，这就靠看考生对于文章句子的定位了。

一般说来，复述题都会很明确的指引你，或者是给予考生很直接的定位线索，如“在文章中的第几行”或者是告诉考生与文章结构密切相连的词或短语。这样考生就可以进行快速的定位。

逻辑题

这里所提及的逻辑题型与GRE逻辑有稍微的区别，考题中出现的逻辑一般都是比较简单。通过文中给出的逻辑关系，推导出符合这些逻辑关系的选项，这类题目一般设置的都不会太难。

作者思路题

这类考题和中心思想题有很大的区别但是也有一定的联系。首先中心思想题型是考察考生对文章意思的理解能力，而作者思路题则是考察考生对于文章结构的掌握。这些构成了文章的主要脉络。如果考生对文化的中心思想可以很好地掌握的话，那么相应的作者思路的题型就可以变得很容易。

暗示推理题

其实这类题目介于细节信息和中心思想题目之间，所以考生并不是能很好地界定。但是考生也不一定非要对考题的分类进行界定，GRE阅读的分类也仅仅是为了帮助考生对考试的题型有一个大致的了解。如果你碰到一个考题，虽然能够很快地定位，但是却不是很快地进行选择，那么这道考题就是所谓的暗示推理题。

【热门GRE阅读背景材料】家有双胞胎?宝好、妈好、全家好!

Mothers of twins do not just get twice the bundle of joy—they are also healthier than other mothers

拥有双胞胎的母亲不仅能得到双份的快乐，而且她们会比其她母亲更健康。

THROUGHOUT history, twins have provoked mixed feelings. Sometimes they were seen as a curse—an unwanted burden on a family’s resources. Sometimes they were viewed as a blessing, or even as a sign of their father’s superior virility. But if Shannen Robson and Ken Smith, of the University of Utah, are right, twins have more to do with their mother’s sturdy constitution than their father’s sexual power.

在历史上，对待双胞胎有着复杂的感情。有时，他们被视为祸根--家庭中不受欢迎的负担。有时，他们被视为祝福，或作为他们父亲拥有更好的性能力的一个标志。但如果犹他大学的夏侬.罗布森和肯.史密斯是正确的，那么双胞胎为他们的母亲那健壮的体格所做的比为他们的父亲的性能力方面所做的更多。

At first blush, this sounds an odd idea. After all, bearing and raising twins is taxing, both for the mother and for the children. Any gains from having more than one offspring at a time might be expected to be like higher infant and maternal mortality rates. On this view, twins are probably an accidental by-product of a natural insurance policy against the risk of losing an embryo early in gestation. That would explain why many more twins are conceived than born, and why those born are so rare (though more common these days, with the rise of IVF). They account for between six and 40 live births per 1,000, depending on where the mother lives.

乍看之下，这好像听起来好像是一个奇怪的想法，毕竟对于母亲和孩子，生产和抚养双胞胎是很费力的。每次从多于一个孩子那里获得的比期望的更多，通常会伴随着较高的婴儿死亡率和母亲死亡率。根据这种观点，双胞胎很可能是一次在怀孕期间用自然保障方式防止流产的意外的副产品。这样就能解释为何双胞胎怀的比生的多，而且为什么生的会这么少(虽然现在更多的运用试管受精已经很平常)。他们解释说每1000个中成活率在6到40之间，这要根据母亲生活的地方。

Dr Robson and Dr Smith, however, think that this account has got things the wrong way round. Although all women face a trade-off between the resources their bodies allocate to reproduction and those reserved for the maintenance of health, robust women can afford more of both than frail ones. And what surer way to signal robustness than by bearing more than one child at a time? In other words, the two researchers conjectured, the mothers of twins will not only display greater overall reproductive success, they will also be healthier than those who give birth only to singletons.

然而，罗布森博士和史密斯博士认为这个解释是事情处于错误中。尽管许多女人面临着一个权衡，那就是在身体分配给生育所需的资源和保留给保持身体健康所需营养之间权衡。强健的母亲可能比瘦弱的母亲提供的更多。而且能有什么比健壮的母亲生育多于一个孩子更有说服力呢?换言之，这两位调查者推测，双胞胎的母亲不仅更好的展示了整体的生育成功，也会比只生一个孩子的母亲更健康。

这篇阅读材料还有MP3音频哦!下载>>传送门

Alas, pinning down evolved relationships between fertility and health is tricky. Modern medicine and the pampering effects of economic growth mean that, these days, women everywhere give birth to fewer children than they did in the distant evolutionary past, when human bodies and physiology were forged—even as more of the offspring they do bear survive into adulthood. In Europe and North America this demographic transition began in earnest around 1870.

唉，控制生育和保持健康之间的关系是很难的。现代医学和经济的发展精心呵护的结果是，当人体和生理机能被伪造，这个时候的女性无论在哪里都会比处在以前缓慢发展时期的女性生的孩子要少，因为她们生的孩子大部分能活到成年。在欧洲和北美这个人口过渡开始于1870年左右。

One way round this is to look at records gathered before the demographic transition began. The problem is that few authorities then kept tabs diligently enough to provide adequate fodder for statistical analysis. One exception was Utah, a state largely settled in its early days by Mormons, who have always taken such matters seriously. As a result, Utah’s Pedigree and Population Resource, a database of which Dr Smith is the director, contains 1.6m genealogical records for people in the state from the early 1800s to the 1970s.

围绕着寻找记录及合并的方法要在人口过渡开始前完成。这个问题是只有很少的当局会勤奋的为统计分析提供足够的材料保持制表符。一个例外是犹他州，在早期有摩门教徒定居在此，他们总是严肃的对待事情。结果，在史密斯博士作为主管的一个数据库中，犹他州的血统和人口资源包括160万份在早期的1800世纪到 1970世纪中居住于此的居民的家谱记录。

To test their theory that the bearers of twins are supermums, Dr Robson and Dr Smith scoured the records for women born between 1807 and 1899 who survived past the age of 50, when the menopause typically strikes. They excluded those married more than once, those widowed before they were 50 and also (this being Utah) those wives who were part of one of the polygamous marriages once legal among the state’s Mormon settlers. (In a study published earlier this year, Dr Smith and his colleagues found that the more wives a Mormon woman had to compete with for her husband’s attentions, the fewer children she was likely to produce.) This left them with some 59,000 women, around 4,600 of whom had given birth to twins at least once.

为了检验他们关于双胞胎母亲是超级妈妈的说法罗伯森博士和史密斯博士搜集了关于超过50岁的更年期正常来临并在18到18进行生产的妇女的资料。她们只结过一次婚，在50岁以前就守寡并且这些妻子是一夫多妻制婚姻的一部分，而这在这一地区的摩门教徒中是合法的。(今年早期发布的一项研究表明，史密斯博士和他的同事发现在众多妻子中，一个摩门妇女不得不为了吸引丈夫的关注而竞争，这样她很可能会生更少的孩子。)这样的妇女大约有59000名，其中4600名至少一次的生产双胞胎。

更多双语文章《点击这里

To assess the effects of the demographic transition, the two researchers split the sample into women born before 1870 and those born in or after it. The results, just published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, confirm their hypothesis. Mothers of twins in the pre-1870 batch gave birth, on average, to 1.9 more children than the mothers of singletons. Those in the post-1870 batch had 2.3 more. More importantly, from an evolutionary point of view, more of their children made it to maturity. The mothers of twins in the pre-1870 batch had 1.24 more children who survived past the age of 18 than did other mothers. After that date the figure was 1.56.

为了评估人口过渡的影响，这两名研究员分头对在1870年前和在这时及之后进行生产的妇女进行取样。结果公布在英国皇家学会学报上以证明他们的假说。在 1870年前生产双胞胎的母亲平均比生一个的多生1.9个孩子。这在1870年后就变为多于2.3个了。更重要的是，从一个逐渐发展的角度来看，她们的孩子会更成熟。比起其她母亲来说，在1870年以前生育双胞胎的母亲会有多于1.24个孩子，这些孩子更能活到18岁。之后这个数据变成了1.56。

Of course, having twins automatically increases a mother’s lifetime fertility by one, relative to her number of pregnancies. But, since few women have twins more than once, the data imply that mothers of twins are more productive, even ignoring that effect. Moreover, they also outperformed the mothers of singletons on a range of other reproductive measures, including intervals between births (shorter) and the age at which they gave birth to their last child (older).

当然，拥有双胞胎无意识的增强了母亲一生的生育力，这也和母亲的怀孕时间有关。但是如果很少妇女能多于一次的生产双胞胎，那么数据显示双胞胎的母亲拥有更好的生育力，甚至可忽视其影响。此外，她们也超过一个母亲的其她生育价值，包括生育之间的间歇和生育最后一个孩子的年龄。

Most strikingly, the pre-1870 group of mothers of twins actually lived longer than those who were not thus blessed. They were, in other words, simply healthier. This suggests that, in evolutionary terms at least, twins are far from a curse. On the contrary, they are indeed the mark of a supermum.

更明显的，在1870年前生产双胞胎的母亲实际上比没有这份祝福的要活得更长。换言之，她们是更健康的。这个建议说明，至少在进化过程中，双胞胎不是祸根，正好相反，他们却是超级母亲的标志。

热门GRE阅读背景材料抗击咖啡锈病

WHEN Jesus Maria Aguirre saw his coffee bushes wither away, he knew that he had lost the sole source of income for his family. “We would go to collect coffee and would come back with our baskets nearly empty,” says the Colombian grower, recalling the pernicious effects of the “coffee rust” fungus, or roya.

当赫苏斯·玛利亚·阿吉雷看到了他的咖啡树日渐枯萎时，他意识到，这下他的家庭失去了唯一的收入来源。“我们去田里采咖啡豆，结果只能篮子空空地回来。”这位哥伦比亚的种植者在回想起这种咖啡锈病真菌，或被称为“罗亚”所带来的恶性影响时这样说到。

The fungus stunts the growth of the fruit of arabica coffee plants. It infected about 40% of Colombia's crop between and . Production plunged from a high of 12.6m 60kg bags a year in to just 7.7m bags in 2012. As supply from Colombia shrank, international buyers turned to growers elsewhere.

这种真菌阻滞了阿拉比卡豆咖啡树果实的生长。在至间，它已经使哥伦比亚 40%的作物受到了感染，产量因此由的峰值1260万袋60公斤的咖啡豆暴跌至20的仅770万袋。随着哥伦比亚的咖啡供应量的萎缩，国际上的咖啡买家开始向其它咖啡生产地寻求供应。

这篇阅读材料还有MP3音频哦!下载>>传送门

What Mr Aguirre went through then is now the lot of farmers throughout Central America, the Dominican Republic, southern Mexico and Jamaica. Production there fell by 30% between and because of roya, reckons the International Coffee Organisation. USAID thinks it has caused $1 billion of economic damage in Latin America since 2012. This time Colombians are the ones taking advantage.

当时阿吉雷先生所遭受的窘境现在已经席卷了中美洲、多米尼加、南墨西哥以及牙买加。据国际咖啡组织估计，由于受“罗亚”影响，这些地区的咖啡产量在至间已下跌了30%。美国国际开发署认为，自从2012年起，这种锈病已经导致了拉丁美洲范围内高达10亿美元的经济损失。不过这次，哥伦比亚的种植户却可以置身事外甚至因此获利。

On his farm on the slopes of the country's central mountain range, Mr Aguirre today presides over 1.5 hectares (4 acres) of healthy bushes plump with red berries. For yields to recover, he had to yank up fungus-prone bushes and plant a new variety that promised to fight off the blight. He was one of thousands of farmers who joined in a countrywide scheme run by the Colombian Coffee Growers Federation, which represents more than 500,000 independent growers. By June more than 3 billion bushes had been replanted.

现如今，在阿吉雷先生位于哥伦比亚中部山脉山坡上的农场里，他照料着超过1.5公顷的种满红色果实的健康的咖啡树。当初为了使产量恢复，他不得不剔除了易感真菌的植株并且种植了一种据信可抗枯萎的新品种。阿吉雷先生是全国范围种植计划的数千参与者之一，这个计划是由哥伦比亚咖啡种植者联合会运作的，这个联合会代表了超过50万的独立种植户。截至6月，这种新植株已重新种植了超过30亿棵。

更多双语文章《点击这里

Three-quarters of them were replaced with a roya-resistant variety known as Castillo, which had been developed in the labs of Cenicafé, the coffee federation's research arm, after 13 years of selective breeding. Lindsey Bolger, head coffee buyer for Keurig Green Mountain, a roaster in the United States, said the industry was “on pins and needles” about whether the Castillo would work. It has. Colombia produced 11.5m bags in the 12 months to June 2014, up by 31% on the previous 12-month period, according to the coffee federation. Buyers are coming back.

这些咖啡树中的四分之三被一种被称为“卡斯蒂罗”的 “抗罗亚”品种替代，此品种是由哥伦比亚国家咖啡研究中心实验室经过精心选育开发出来的。林塞·博尔捷，美国绿山咖啡烘焙公司的首席采购，在谈及 “卡斯蒂罗”能否担任恢复产量重任时，形容咖啡产业对此是“如坐针毡”。事实上，“卡斯蒂罗”做到了。据咖啡联合会数据，截至206月的12个月内，哥伦比亚出产了1150万袋咖啡豆，比上个同期的产量增长了31%。采购商们又把目光开始投回哥伦比亚。

Fernando Gast, Cenicafé's director, says seeds of the Castillo coffee plants have been sent to Mexico, El Salvador and Costa Rica for evaluation. But he warns that Colombia's success story is not directly transferable to Central America. The Castillo variety was created for Colombia's needs and may not adapt to Central America's soil and climate, he says.

费尔南多·加斯特，哥伦比亚国家咖啡研究中心实验室主任，表示“卡斯蒂罗”的种子已被送往墨西哥、萨尔瓦多以及哥斯达黎加进行进一步评估。但是他也警告说，哥伦比亚的产业复苏经验并不可被中美洲地区直接套用。“卡斯蒂罗”品种是为了满足哥伦比亚的需求而研发生产的，所以可能并不适合在中美洲的土壤及气候环境条件下种植。

Cenicafé's 89 researchers cannot rest easy, either. They are working on a project to map the coffee genome. That should help them develop new varieties that will not only resist roya, which is continuously evolving, but will also be less susceptible to erratic weather. The search for a stronger brew is never over.

实验室的89位研究人员们也还不能高枕无忧。他们现在正在进行一个绘制咖啡树基因谱的项目，这将有助他们培育新的变种，这种变种不仅能抵抗“罗亚”及其以后可能出现的其它变种，还能更不易受到不稳定天候影响的新品种植株。对于更优良品种的研究总会一直进行下去。

篇9：GRE阅读各类题型及解题技巧讲解

GRE阅读各类题型汇总及解题技巧讲解

作者态度题

注意文中表示可能、强调(do)的词语，以及形容词、副词(unfortunately)，表明作者的态度。一般选择作者态度时不能选过于绝对的词，选择中性的感情色彩不强烈的词(eg:qualified,guarded,tempered,partial,limited);注意区分对立观点和主题的补充观点，注意作者的主导态度。

举例/比较目的题

注意表示原因(be attributed to)，比较/对比(contrary to，instead, new/stereotype)，以及举例的词。注意举例和对比的目的，一般举例的目的在本段中找(不要和全文的主题混淆)，对比的目的绝对不是为了比较或者对比;比较题要注意题目问的对象，不要混淆执行动作的对象。

推断题

“Infer”和“suggest”，以及“assumption”的题无法从原文找答案，答案隐含在细节中。特别要注意表示时间的词，具有提示信息的作用，也可能表示一个变化过程。推断题选项中如果出现超出原文范围的比较，该选项错误。推断题有时要和上下文建立联系，不要局限在信息所在段落寻找答案。

细节题

细节题的答案在提干提示的原文信息的词附近找，并在第一次出现该信息的地方找，只要选原意替换选项即可;细节题最常见的是取非题，在题阿干中的标志是出现虚拟语气，在文章中定位时要找表对比的词(eg: however，unlike, on the contrary)。

类比题

类比题要注意概念范围的界定。注意其中的限制条件。

其他需要注意的常见细节

1. 文章的开头和结尾都非常重要，都容易出考点。特别注意文章开头或结尾以分词形式出现的比较或对比，容易被忽略。

2. 人名和数字都会出考点。相对数字(percentage)比绝对数字更可靠。

3. 注意一些小词，如“not only,but also”, 强调的是“but also”部分。

4. 关注极端词“least”“most”等。

5.注意特殊标点符号：括号、破折号会出考点。

以上就是小编和大家分享的GRE阅读题中各类题型汇总以及对应的解题技巧讲解。希望各位考生都能通过备考练习掌握熟练这些技巧方法，在考试中更快更好地完成GRE阅读题。

TIPS：培养自己的阅读速度和节奏

备考GRE阅读，要试着在做阅读和横向总结的过程中培养一种比较固定的最佳阅读速度，这种速度是对文章的理解程度和阅读速度的一个组合。再快些恐怕会看不懂，从而导致正确率的下降;再慢些正确率提高很少，但阅读占据的时间太多了。最佳速度应该根据文体和生词量有所调整，适合自己的速度才是最好的，而不是去追求所谓的标准阅读速度。

GRE考试阅读理解模拟题及答案解析

The dark regions in the starry night sky are not pockets in the universe that are devoid of stars as had long been thought.

Rather, they are dark because of interstellar dust that hides the stars behind it.

Although its visual effect is so pronounced, dust is only a minor constituent of the material, extremely low in density, that lies between the stars.

The average density of interstellar material in the vicinity of our Sun is 1,000 to 10,000 times less than the best terrestrial laboratory vacuum.

It is only because of the enormous interstellar distances that so little material per unit of volume becomes so significant.

Optical astronomy is most directly affected, for although interstellar gas is perfectly transparent, the dust is not. (125 words)

1. According to the passage, which of the following is a direct perceptual consequence of interstellar dust EXCEPT?

□A Some stars are rendered invisible to observers on Earth.

□B Many visible stars are made to seem brighter than they really are.

□C The dust is conspicuously visible against a background of bright stars.

2. It can be inferred from the passage that it is because space is so vast that

(A) little of the interstellar material in it seems substantial

(B) normal units of volume seem futile for measurements of density

(D) interstellar gases can, for all practical purposes, be regarded as transparent

(E) optical astronomy would be of little use even if no interstellar dust existed

In Hardy‘s novels, various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often.

Inevitably, because Hardy did not care in the way that novelists such as Flaubert or James cared, and therefore took paths of least resistance.

Thus, one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and, unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared.

A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower.

In this instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one, and thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style.

But on other occasions Hardy abandoned a perilous, risky, and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize abstractly.

When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the style—that sure index of an author‘s literary worth—was certain to become verbose. (167 words)

3. Which of the following words could best be substituted for “relaxed“ (line 13) without substantially changing the author‘s meaning?

(A) informal

(B) confined

(D) wordy

(E) metaphoric

4. The passage supplies information to suggest that its author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the novelists Flaubert and James?

(A) They indulged more impulses in their novels than did Hardy in his novels.

(B) They have elicited a greater degree of favorable response from most literary critics than has Hardy.

(C) In the writing of their novels, they often took pains to effect a compromise among their various novelistic impulses.

(D) Regarding novelistic construction, they cared more about the opinions of other novelists than about the opinions of ordinary readers.

(E) They wrote novels in which the impulse toward realism and the impulse away from realism were evident in equal measure.

5. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage (”Thus…abstractly“)?

(A) The author makes a disapproving observation and then presents two cases, one of which leads to a qualification of his disapproval and the other of which does not.

(B) The author draws a conclusion from a previous statement, explains his conclusion in detail, and then gives a series of examples that have the effect of resolving an inconsistency.

(C) The author concedes a point and then makes a counterargument, using an extended comparison and contrast that qualifies his original concession.

(D) The author makes a judgment, points out an exception to his judgment, and then contradicts his original assertion.

(E) The author summarizes and explains an argument and then advances a brief history of opposing arguments.

A mysterious phenomenon is the ability of over-water migrants to travel on course.

Birds, bees, and other species can keep track of time without any sensory cues from the outside world, and such ”biological clocks“ clearly contribute to their ”compass sense“.

For example, they can use the position of the Sun or stars, along with the time of day, to find north.

But compass sense alone cannot explain how birds navigate the ocean: after a flock traveling east is blown far south by a storm, it will assume the proper northeasterly course to compensate.

Perhaps, some scientists thought, migrants determine their geographic position on Earth by celestial navigation, almost as human navigators use stars and planets, but this would demand of the animals a fantastic map sense.

Researchers now know that some species have a magnetic sense, which might allow migrants to determine their geographic location by detecting variations in the strength of the Earth‘s magnetic field. (157 words)

6. The main idea of the passage is that

(A) migration over land requires a simpler explanation than migration over water does

(B) the means by which animals migrate over water are complex and only partly understood

(D) knowledge of geographic location is essential to migrants with little or no compass sense

(E) explanations of how animals migrate tend to replace, rather than build on, one another

7. It can be inferred from the passage that if the flock of birds described in lines 8-9 were navigating by compass sense alone, they would, after the storm, fly

(A) east

(B) north

(D) south

(E) southeast

8. Of the following descriptions of migrating animals, which most strongly suggests that the animals are depending on magnetic cues to orient themselves?

(A) Pigeons can properly readjust their course even when flying long distances through exceedingly dense fogs.

(B) Bison are able to reach their destination by passing through a landscape that has been partially altered by a recent fire.

(D) Swallows are able to return to a given spot at the same time every year.

(E) Monarch butterflies coming from different parts of North America are able to arrive at the same location each winter.

Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies.

His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies with matrilineal customs—societies in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line.

Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek ”historian“ of the fifth century B. C. Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematic.

Ancient Greek descriptions of those societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact—real Amazonian societies—but rather to offer ”moral lessons“ on the supposed outcome of women‘s rule in their own society.

The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes; thus, their customs were presented not as those of a respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary Greek practices. (179 words)

9. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) compare competing new approaches to understanding the role of women in ancient societies

(B) investigate the ramifications of Bachofen‘s theory about the dominance of women in ancient societies

(D) analyze the nature of Amazonian society and uncover similarities between it and the Greek world

(E) criticize the value of ancient myths in determining the status of women in ancient societies

10. Select the sentence in the passage that is presented as evidence supporting the author‘s view of the ancient Greeks‘ descriptions of the Amazons.

11. The author‘s attitude toward Bachofen‘s treatise is best described as one of

(A) qualified approval

(B) profound ambivalence

(D) pointed disagreement

(E) unmitigated hostility

The dark regions in the starry night sky are not pockets in the universe that are devoid of stars as had long been thought.

一直以来人们以为星空中的黯淡区域好像宇宙的口袋没有星星，事实并非如此。

Rather, they are dark because of interstellar dust that hides the stars behind it.

更确切地说，这种黯淡是因为星际尘埃遮蔽了其后的星光。

Although its visual effect is so pronounced, dust is only a minor constituent of the material, extremely low in density, that lies between the stars.

尽管尘埃的遮蔽效果如此明显，但它在宇宙中只占非常小的比例，在星际间的密度极低。

The average density of interstellar material in the vicinity of our Sun is 1,000 to 10,000 times less than the best terrestrial laboratory vacuum.

太阳附近区域星际间物质的密度，只相当于地球上能达到的实验室真空状态的万分之一到千分之一。

It is only because of the enormous interstellar distances that so little material per unit of volume becomes so significant.

每单位体积内如此微量的物质的作用却如此明显，只因巨大的星际间距。

Optical astronomy is most directly affected, for although interstellar gas is perfectly transparent, the dust is not. (125 words)

受其影响最大的是光学观测，因为即便星云能够看透星云，也无法对付尘埃。

1. According to the passage, which of the following is a direct perceptual consequence of interstellar dust EXCEPT?

□A Some stars are rendered invisible to observers on Earth.

□B Many visible stars are made to seem brighter than they really are.

□C The dust is conspicuously visible against a background of bright stars.

选BC。

不要滥用背景知识，仅根据文中信息有限推测。

A 成立，只要足够远。

B 根据文章无法判断是否看起来更亮。

C 新内容，在瞎聊。

2. It can be inferred from the passage that it is because space is so vast that

(A) little of the interstellar material in it seems substantial

(B) normal units of volume seem futile for measurements of density

(D) interstellar gases can, for all practical purposes, be regarded as transparent

(E) optical astronomy would be of little use even if no interstellar dust existed

选C。

第5句。

In Hardy‘s novels, various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often.

H的小说，各种动力经常为彼此牺牲，且不可避免。

Inevitably, because Hardy did not care in the way that novelists such as Flaubert or James cared, and therefore took paths of least resistance.

所谓不可避免，是因为 H 不像 F 或 J 等小说家那样处理，而是选择了一条阻力最小的方式。

Thus, one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and, unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared.

所以，一种动力经常屈服于另一种，遗憾的是，这种屈服不是妥协，而是彻底消失。

想要给本来缺乏写实感的文本增加一丝实感，可能突然变成另一种目的，好像我们正在读一位有文学趣味的科学家，详实地记录一朵花的结构与质地。

(

略复杂的一个长句。

主干是 A desire might give way to the desire .

throw over 本来是固定搭配，背弃或抛弃某人;但此处更像是 throw / cast / shed a light on sth. 的用法，“使某事物更清晰明显”，只不过用 over 替换了 on 。所以我认为，throw over reality a light that never was 是指之前的描写是缺乏实感的，现在有一个 desire 要增加实感。

give way to sth. 被某物取代。

novelist-scientist 有小说家特征的科学家。

)

In this instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one, and thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style.

这种情况下，新的动力至少是有活力的，所以这种放任不至于导致一个松垮的文风。

But on other occasions Hardy abandoned a perilous, risky, and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize abstractly.

但其他时候，H 放弃了某种危险，大胆，非常强劲的动力，转而追求一种抽象地归类和图示化的动力，对他来说，这种松弛的动力是致命的。

When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the style—that sure index of an author‘s literary worth—was certain to become verbose. (167 words)

既然沉溺于一种松弛的动力，文风(显然代表一个作者的文学价值)必定变得冗长罗嗦。

3. Which of the following words could best be substituted for “relaxed” (line 13) without substantially changing the author‘s meaning?

(A) informal

(B) confined

(D) wordy

(E) metaphoric

选D。

结合第5，7句。

4. The passage supplies information to suggest that its author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the novelists Flaubert and James?

(A) They indulged more impulses in their novels than did Hardy in his novels.

(B) They have elicited a greater degree of favorable response from most literary critics than has Hardy.

(C) In the writing of their novels, they often took pains to effect a compromise among their various novelistic impulses.

(D) Regarding novelistic construction, they cared more about the opinions of other novelists than about the opinions of ordinary readers.

(E) They wrote novels in which the impulse toward realism and the impulse away from realism were evident in equal measure.

选C。

A 无法判断。

B 比 H 更受评论家喜欢。最大干扰项，可以勉强推断本文作者在写作动力怎么处理的问题上更推崇福楼拜和詹姆斯，这些但无法得出B的结论。

D 无法判断，出现了新话题。

E 无法判断，无根据的猜测。

5. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage (“Thus…abstractly”)?

(A) The author makes a disapproving observation and then presents two cases, one of which leads to a qualification of his disapproval and the other of which does not.

(B) The author draws a conclusion from a previous statement, explains his conclusion in detail, and then gives a series of examples that have the effect of resolving an inconsistency.

(C) The author concedes a point and then makes a counterargument, using an extended comparison and contrast that qualifies his original concession.

(D) The author makes a judgment, points out an exception to his judgment, and then contradicts his original assertion.

(E) The author summarizes and explains an argument and then advances a brief history of opposing arguments.

选A。

A 作者表示了一个持否定态度的观察结果，举了两个例子，一个达到了他的标准(有文学趣味的科学家式的，有活力的推动，不至于松垮)，一个没有达到(抽象地归类或图示化的动力，松了，结果wordy)。

A mysterious phenomenon is the ability of over-water migrants to travel on course.

越洋迁徙的动物能够制定航线，真是不可思议。

Birds, bees, and other species can keep track of time without any sensory cues from the outside world, and such “biological clocks” clearly contribute to their “compass sense”.

鸟类，蜜蜂，和其他一些动物能够不借助任何外界的线索来捕捉时间的流逝，而这种“生物钟”显然也促使它们进化出“方向感”。

For example, they can use the position of the Sun or stars, along with the time of day, to find north.

比如说，它们可以利用太阳或星星的方位，结合时间(体内的生物钟告诉它们的时间)来确定北方。

But compass sense alone cannot explain how birds navigate the ocean: after a flock traveling east is blown far south by a storm, it will assume the proper northeasterly course to compensate.

然而，只靠方向感不能解释鸟类如何飞越大洋：一群东飞的鸟被风暴裹挟南移相当一段距离后，他们会补偿性地飞往东北方向。

一些科学家认为，也许这些动物借助天文航海术的原理来确定它们所在的位置，如同人类借助星空辨识方位，但这种假设成立的前提是动物具备想象一副地图的能力。

研究者们现在了解到，某些物种(动物)能够感知地磁场，动物也许可以通过感知地磁场的强弱来确定它们的地理位置。

6. The main idea of the passage is that

(A) migration over land requires a simpler explanation than migration over water does

(B) the means by which animals migrate over water are complex and only partly understood

(D) knowledge of geographic location is essential to migrants with little or no compass sense

(E) explanations of how animals migrate tend to replace, rather than build on, one another

选B。

A 陆地上的迁徙，陌生内容，文中不曾讨论。

B 正确项。

C 感知时间的能力是动物体内的生物钟的作用，见句2。

D 文中提到的动物，都是具备方向感的，对于不具备方向感的动物，确定其地理位置的知识对它们重不重要我们不知道。不要发散地理解为：“已经不能辨认方向，如果还不认识路就太惨了。”不要把自己的路痴经验代入制造发散，不是好习惯。

E 文章没有明确地否认句 5 的猜测(也许只是还没有找到证据，证明动物可以想象地图)，也就谈不上取代，或者在其基础上发展了。

7. It can be inferred from the passage that if the flock of birds described in lines 8-9 were navigating by compass sense alone, they would, after the storm, fly

(A) east

(B) north

(D) south

(E) southeast

选A。

如果只具备方向感，被吹到南边的鸟稳定后，将继续向东飞。

8. Of the following descriptions of migrating animals, which most strongly suggests that the animals are depending on magnetic cues to orient themselves?

(A) Pigeons can properly readjust their course even when flying long distances through exceedingly dense fogs.

(B) Bison are able to reach their destination by passing through a landscape that has been partially altered by a recent fire.

(D) Swallows are able to return to a given spot at the same time every year.

(E) Monarch butterflies coming from different parts of North America are able to arrive at the same location each winter.

选A。

典型的GRE推理逻辑包含且不限于：

1 让我们选择下述迁徙动物中，最能表现是靠着地磁信号来确定方向的。

2 因为文章中提到的依靠地磁信号确定方位的例子只有鸟类，那么 B 野牛，C 大象，E 王蝶，三项必然不如 A 鸽子，D 燕子更可期地符合题设。也许 BCE 中真的包含更典型地利用地磁确定方向的动物，但从文中无从推断，所以排除不犹豫。

3 燕子返回指定地点，确切地说，是返回去年它筑的那个窝的所在地(一般是同一座建筑，也许另筑新窝，也许不会)，如此精确地定位，很难说是单独借助地磁信号完成的，想以此证明是根据地磁场定向，不如 A 项更直接。

4 鸽子可以在极浓的雾中长途飞行，并实时修正自己的航向，非常符合句4中出现的例子，所以 A 是最佳项。

Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies.

本着神话和传说都至少保存了一个史实内核的前提，B 认为，女性在很多古代社会中的地位是支配性的。

他的结论建立在广泛的调查研究基础上，其史料是关于亚马逊族和其他母系社会，也就是血缘身份和财富继承都沿着女性代际的社会。

Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek “historian” of the fifth century B. C.

有些证据支持他的理论，比如公元前5世纪的希腊“历史学家”希罗多德的记录。

Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematic.

不过，最早的古代神话记录者是否记录史实还存疑问。

Ancient Greek descriptions of those societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact—real Amazonian societies—but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of women‘s rule in their own society.

古希腊流传下来的关于那些(母系)社会的描述，不是为了呈现他们观察到的史实——真正的亚马逊社会——而是为古希腊社会的女德假想的一种“道德上的(反面)教材”。

比如说，亚马逊族经常被描绘成，像巨人和半人马一样等待希腊英雄宰杀的对手;因此，我们并非把她们视为一个可敬的社会去呈现其习俗，而是当作一般希腊社会常态的对立面。

9. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) compare competing new approaches to understanding the role of women in ancient societies

(B) investigate the ramifications of Bachofen‘s theory about the dominance of women in ancient societies

(D) analyze the nature of Amazonian society and uncover similarities between it and the Greek world

(E) criticize the value of ancient myths in determining the status of women in ancient societies

选E。

A 没有compare，只有一种，还不算competing，被作者质疑了。

B 讨论的是前提(premise)，而不是结果(ramifications)。

C “解释了历史学者中逐渐兴起的，界定女性在不同社会实际地位的兴趣”，完全在瞎聊。

D “分析了亚马逊社会的特点，揭示了她们与古希腊世界的相似”，瞎聊。

E 评论了古代神话在决定妇女于古代社会地位问题上的价值，正确项，可推测作者认为这些神话在这个问题的判断上，没啥价值。

10. Select the sentence in the passage that is presented as evidence supporting the author‘s view of the ancient Greeks‘ descriptions of the Amazons.

句6。

注意是证明作者对于古希腊对亚马逊族的描述的判断的证据，换言之，问我们作者如此看待这些史料的证据，作者的态度是句4、5(怀疑这些史料记录的并非事实)，理由是句6(可能只是为了本邦的意识形态服务，相当于宣传材料而非史实)。

11. The author‘s attitude toward Bachofen‘s treatise is best described as one of

(A) qualified approval

(B) profound ambivalence

(D) pointed disagreement

(E) unmitigated hostility

选D。

A 有限认同;

B 深深矛盾;

C 慎重中立;

D 明显反对;

E 绝对的敌意。

词汇题。

篇10：GRE阅读训练五大关注点

GRE阅读训练五大关注点不可半途而废

GRE阅读复习五大要点，希望大家在练习GRE阅读时一定要遵循下面5大要点。

一：在进行的阅读和训练中，只以在大脑中反映出所读英文的意思(不是中文释意)为唯一目的。什么时候读者发现自己完全消除了在阅读过程中的在大脑中的中文释意和语法分析过程，此要求即达到：

GRE阅读训练方式：a、意群训练;b、不回视训练;c、合理化原则推力训练;d、速度与理解力的平衡点训练

GRE阅读训练方式之意群训练：以几个相邻的表示同类意思的词为阅读的对象，而不是单个的单词。同时避免发声阅读，克服内心的声音和喉头与嘴唇的颤动。

二：眼睛在阅读材料上移动的速度要比自己在心中或喉头出生阅读的速度要快

GRE阅读训练方式之不回视训练：保证第一遍阅读时的高度注意力，避免回视。

三：在阅读文章时，都要注意整句的回视现象，坚持一遍就都下来

GRE阅读训练方式之合理化训练：根据文章中得上下文的逻辑推理，将不懂得地方进行合理推理。

四：凡遇到不懂得地方，就用合理化推理进行推理

GRE阅读训练方式之速度与理解力的平衡点训练：推出自己的速度与理解力的平衡点;在阅读中根据所读的内容的难度和重要性程度，调整自己的现场阅读速度。

五：贵在坚持，不可半途而废。

上述就是GRE阅读复习五大要点介绍，希望可以供大家参考，从而更好地备考GRE考试。

GRE填空高频词汇：愉悦类词汇

hedonistic?快乐主义的?

pleasure?愉悦的?

agreeable?愉悦的?

pleasant?愉快的?

savor?欣赏?

happy?愉快?

charitable?善意的?

enjoyable?愉悦的?

elate?高兴的?

relieve?欣慰的

GRE填空高频词汇：丧失类词汇

divest 放弃

forfeit 丧失

retire from 退出

abandon 抛弃

lack of 缺少

elimination 消除

sacrifice 牺牲

scarce 缺乏的

nonexistent 不存在

GRE填空高频词汇：美观奢华类词汇

lavishly?奢华的?

flamboyant?华丽绚烂的?

extravagant?奢侈的?

sumptuous?奢华的?

richness?华美的，丰富的?

delicately?优美的?

colorfully?多彩华丽的

subtly?精细细微的?

beauty?美丽?

aesthetic?美学的

brocade?锦缎?

embroidery?装饰?

embellish?修饰

GRE阅读五大常见结构及解题技巧（精选10篇）

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