托福写作该怎样准确用词呢

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托福写作该怎样准确用词呢

篇1:托福写作该怎样准确用词呢

托福写作该怎样准确用词呢?

一般来说,要把握选词的准确性, 可以从下面三方面入手:

一、选词时要符合语言习惯并与社会文化诸多背景一致

例如,英美人对landlord和peasant两词的理解与中国人截然不同。英美人对前者的理解首先是“房东”,然后才是“地主”;而peasant一词对他们来说意味着“粗俗”与“无知”,此词多少带有贬义色彩。再如propaganda一词在中国并不带有西方人所理解的贬意;而First lady (第一夫人)绝不能理解为汉语的原配夫人,因此在写作中应特别注意这类词,否则会导致冒犯和误解。由于东西方社会历史文化的差异,许多词所引申或代表的内容也大相径庭,Phoenix在西方象征“复活”、“再生”,而汉语的这一词却表示“祥瑞”。

Peach在汉语中象征“长寿”而在英语中却用以指代“特别讨人喜爱的人或物”。又比如在表示色彩的词中green是青春的颜色,常表示希望、活力,但在英语中green又与“妒忌” (to be green with envy,green-eyed)和“没有经验的”(a green horn)联系起来。如果没有广泛的阅读积累,养成经常查字典的良好习惯,单凭想当然地选词,势必会词不达意。即使同一事物,在美国和英国也可能有不同的表达。例如:corn一词在美国指“玉米”而在英国泛指“谷物”;“地铁”在英国用tube或underground美国则用subway。此类的例子还有pavement/sidewalk,Chemists‘ shop/drug store等。

二、在英语写作中特别要注意区分同义词,选词时要考虑主题、对象及情景

由于历史的原因,现代英语除本族语外,还包括大量的法语和拉丁来源的词,这就使英语的同义词相当丰富。总的来讲,英语本族语大多是短词,小词,听起来朴素)亲切,大量用于口头表达:法语来源的词庄重文雅,多与行政、宗教、军事、服饰等有关;拉丁来源的词,书卷味浓, 如ask,question,inter-rate这三个不同来源的同义词在不同的主题、对象、情景下用法就不一样。同义词除了来源的不同会影响措词的选择外,它们在程度、感情色彩上也有不同。

比如“瘦”可以用slender,slim,lean, thin,underweight,gaunt, lanky,skinny等来表达,而sleder表示“苗条”是褒义的,skinny却是贬义的,underweight则是中性的词。即使同是褒义词,表达的感情色彩也不同。比如little和petite两个同义词当用来描绘女子时,都意为“个子小”的,但petite同时还有“匀称”的意义,而little更强调“可爱的”或“可怜的”,根据不同的上下文,它还有“纤小”、“娇小”或“弱小”等不同意义。因此在选词表达思想时,一定要分清主题,对象及情景。

另外,让中国学生头痛的是一些同义词的习惯搭配。比如large和big都指“大”,但large通常用来修饰诸如number,amount及quantity(a large number of students,a large amou-nt of money,a large quantity of wine,etc)。但想“勇气”,“信心”,”能力”、“智慧”等表示个人素质的名词,人们通常用呷碰而不用big或large来修饰。由此可见,在英语写作实践中,区分同义词的用法是相当重要的。

三、措词选择应把握好英语和汉语词汇无法对应的部分

不是所有的英语词汇都有相应的汉语表达,一些不同的英语词汇也有可能用同样的汉语来表达,这就使我们在用英语来表达思想对面临更多选择上的困难。比如family和home两词都可译成汉语的“家”,但它们却不是同义词。Family主要指家庭成员,与人有关,而home主要指所居住的地点、住宅。Except和besides有时都译成同样的汉语“除了”,但他们的意思却是相反的。

因此我们不能依赖于单纯的汉语译意。否则我们可能会被误导。尽管许多英语对应的汉语词汇都能表达它们真正的意思,但往往有些英语词汇没有准确的汉语对应词;所以只有在不同的上下文中才能确定它们真正的意思,比如send一词,如果单把它理解成汉语的“送”的话,象这样的句子“她送信给我”也许会被写成she sent me the letter.

而英语准确的表达应是she brought me the letter.再如“他将送朋友去机场”,如果写成He will send his friend to the airpot。就又错了。正确的表达应该是He will go to the airpot with his friend to see him off. 实际上send sth to a place 应该是请别人送去,自己不去。因此,要确定我们所选的词是否准确、恰当,单凭查词典还不行。

所以会写词汇和会用词汇还是有很大的差别,在练习托福写作时,一定要学会准确用词,意思表达准确,逻辑清晰,才能为托福作文加分。

托福备考策略和技巧-写作如何得高分

1.你的时间预算

你只有半个小时来应对托福独立写作,你必须要把时间估算好,这其中可能包括:计划和记录2-3分钟;写文章大约20分钟;检查文章3-5分钟。这其中可能有的考生还需要理思路和列提纲等,反正大家要把考试时间计算精确,千万别等时间到了,你还没有写完,更别谈检查了。

2.仔细阅读问题

对于托福独立写作,最重要的就是审题,就是考生必须要准确地写这个题目。如果你对题目都理解得不清不楚,那么你写出来的文章或许也不能算是一篇成功或者说高分作文。

3.头脑风暴

在进行托福独立写作之前,考生应该花一些时间来进行“头脑风暴”,思考这个话题和最好的方法。也只有这样才能让你在看到题目之后把所以可能会出现的情况都提前封上,以求写出高分作文。

4.写你计划的文章

你不必用罗马数字、大写字母等写出正式的大纲。但是,你应该做一些笔记。通过你的笔记,你可以根据你列出思路进行写作,把你想要写的点都写到,以充实你的托福写作文章。

5.确保你的笔迹是尽可能清晰

因为现代托福考试都是机考,这些这里的笔迹清晰你可以理解成你的文章逻辑思路,不要让读者即你的批改考官看到一篇没有逻辑的文章,这样会影响你的得分的。

6.遵循一个明确,逻辑结构

这其实和第5点差不多,就是要说你的文章结构要清楚,这样阅读人才会有兴趣读下去。一般好的文章一般是这样的结构:

主题段:提出观点或者主旨。

正文:由2-3段组成,这其中包括例子叙述等内容。

结尾段:最后总结一些为什么选择这个,可能还会运用到让步段,即如果选择另一个观点会怎么样。

7.使用具体的例子,具体原因

对于文章的例子,这个我们在这里也单独说一下,一般置于文章的正文部分,必须要有例子来支撑你的论点。

8.使用信号词来表示的转换

在你的文章当中,信号词可以用来连接段落到段落和句子到句子。

9.使用不同的句子类型

好的文章是由大部分的简单句+少许的长句组成。如果全篇都是简单句,就会让考官觉得你的文章太单调,这样的文章评分一般不会太高,所以在写作时,考生要努力的使用不同长度的句子来体现你的英文水平。

10.检查作文错误

在托福写作当中,往往会因一些小的错误让你的托福写作得不了高分,因此不要跨越长的部分或者尝试添加很多新的材料。在标点符号、拼写和大写以及常见的语法错误中找出明显的错误。这也是托福写作高分很重要的一个部分,所以大家要尽可能抽出些时间来进行检查。

托福写作模板:看电影看书放松比做运动更好吗

托福写作题目:看电影看书放松比做运动更好吗?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is better to relax by a movie or reading a book than doing physical exercise.

托福写作模板:英文例文

Preference in methods of relaxation varies from person to person. Among these methods, staying indoors and reading or watching a movie is more popular than going outside and doing physical exercise. As for me, I prefer relaxing by reading a book and watching a movie.

Reading books or watching movies helps me relax physically. My days are busy with finishing all of my work, commuting to my office on the other side of the city, , and doing household chores that I do not have much time or energy to exercise. However, opening a book or playing a movie helps me slow down and restore my vitality. For example, when I read or watch a movie, I can sit back on a sofa or recline in bed. In this way, my muscles can rest. In contrast, when I exercise, I by no means rest or relax my body. In addition, I have to add washing my workout clothes to my already long list of chores.

Reading books and watching movies also helps me relax mentally. The tedious meetings, repeated routines and limited new tasks of my job makes me mentally exhausted. At these moments I like to enjoy an interesting story from a book or a famous movie. Then, all of the disturbing feelings, like boredom and depression, go away and I come away feeling inspired. For instance, I recently read the Biography of Steve Jobs and learned how this leader conquered adversity. In one of my favorite movies, The Shawshank Redemption, the main character Andy shows that no matter what difficulty we may confront, as long as we keep hope in our hearts, all the pressure will pass and the sun will still shine tomorrow.

Admittedly, exercising can help us relax to some degree. Football matches with co-workers, playing badminton in the backyard with family, and even a basketball game with some strangers could provide an escape from daily stress. However, viewed from a different perspective, doing physical activity has some potential risks. For instance, it is not uncommon to hear that people get physical injuries during physical exercise. What is worse, even some people have died suddenly from overstress their already tired bodies during exercise.

In conclusion, even though doing sports sometimes makes me feel more relaxed, I prefer reading a book or watching a movie when I want to relax.

篇2:托福写作如何提升用词准确性技巧实例精讲

托福写作如何提升用词准确性技巧实例精讲

托福写作用词不准确问题很常见

写作中用词不准确是很容易犯的毛病,good,terrible,see,nice,kind,greatly,think,know,something 等词汇在学生作文中反复出现。这些词本身并没有问题,是英语常用词,但是它们表达的意思过于模糊,很多情况下,应该使用意义更加准确的词。况且,学生老是使用这几个词会给人以表达形式单调,词汇量贫乏,文章缺乏感染力的印象。

实例讲解托福写作词汇使用技巧

下面的一些例子,通过换用一、两个准确生动的词语或是运用一些固定搭配及习语就使整个句子增色不少。

1.Original: Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and helpyou to understand other people’s feelings and learn to be kind.

Revised: Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience andhelp you to understand other people’s feelings andlearn to be considerate.

亮点评析

add,kind表达的含义都比较宽泛。

add可以指数量上的增加,也可以指程度的加强,对于“丰富经验、增加知识”这个意思,用enrich会使表达更准确。

kind从字面意义上讲是“好的、善良的”,用kind来形容人无法具体地表现出一个人的性格特征到底怎样,原句中是想表达“考虑周到、体贴入微”的特点,要准确表达这个含义应选择considerate。

2. Original:Science and technology have greatly influenced our lives and our society ischanging very rapidly.

Revised:Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as aresult, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented.

亮点评析

greatly,rapidly 属于常用词,表示程度高、速度快,这样的词在表达效果上不够具体,缺乏说服力,在修改后的句子中用了pervade every aspect of our lives就具体生动地表现出科技的影响力到底有多大,其影响力已渗透到我们生活的方方面面,at a speed which is quite unprecedented意为“以一种前所未有的速度”,形象地道出了变化速度之快。

3.Original: Young people tend to think that real life is as nice and interestingas it is in the novels and movies, while more experienced adults think thiskind of naive daydream will only be destroyed by later experiences and everyone should learn to get used to common everyday life.

Revised:Young people tend to think that real life is as dramatic and fascinating as itis in the novels and movies, while more experienced adults think this kind ofnaive daydream will only be destroyed by later experiences and every one shouldlearn to get used to tedious everyday life.

亮点评析

nice,interesting,common都属于普通词汇,用到句子中也显得平淡苍白。nice的意思是“好的,令人愉快的”,interesting是“有趣的”,这两个词都不能准确地描绘出年轻人所憧憬的美好生活,句中想表达的是年轻人认为生活如同小说、电影一般充满戏剧变化,激动人心,要体现这层含义应该用dramatic,fascinating。dramatic表示“刺激的,戏剧性的,给人深刻印象的”,fascinating表示“具有强烈吸引力的,迷人的,使人神魂颠倒的”,这两个词的程度要比nice,interesting深得多,表现力也更强。

原句用common表达实际的现实生活的枯燥无味是不准确的,common的意思是“普通的,平常的”,普通平常的东西不一定是枯燥的,tedious是表示“(因过长、过慢或单调)令人厌倦的,烦人的”,恰好传达出现实生活由于琐碎和重复而变得索然无味这种含义。

托福写作解析:An important skill

托福写作题目:

Topic:An important skill

What is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill and use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.

参考范文:

计算机技能是最重要的:

(1)计算机是工作中必须的。不会计算机软件的话,无法进行工作和学习。

(2)计算机已经成为人们互相交流的重要方面,如电子邮件等等。

(3)计算机技能能够大量的节省时间。一个成功的人必须把精力抽出来放在最重要的事情上。

Success has been an issue broadly discussed and defined by different approaches. Some say that being successful means being wealthy. Others associate success with popularity and power. A third approach would relate success with social and emotional well-being. So we come to the questions: “When can be someone considered successful?” and “What skills make success easier to achieve?“

In order to answer the second question, we should have a point of view about what success is. I consider that someone is really successful when that person is able to handle and enjoy social relationships. A leader can be powerful and recognized, but if he is unable to enjoy his leadership and feels lonely because he cannot establish a deep friendship, can we really say such leader is successful? On the other hand, a wealthy person may have all the possessions money can buy, but again, what if he cannot manage a marriage or a friendship? This person is likely to feel lonely and unsatisfied.

Developing social abilities may be a very helpful skill for a person to learn, in order to be successful in the social emotional side of his or her life. One ability to develop could be effective and assertive communication. Many misunderstandings and conflicts can be prevented if we express our ideas clearly and respectfully, and if we learn to ask for clarification when we feel threatened or offended by something someone told us. Another ability could be learning to handle teamwork. We need to learn to work with others at work, at home, at school, in our community. Getting into an agreement with our parents, children, coworkers and friends is a situation that can become hard to handle sometimes. Dealing with teamwork can be really helpful. Finally we could add the ability to deal with conflicts with others and conflicts with our own wishes or decisions. We will always find obstacles in our paths; it can be quite useful to know how to overcome them.

In my opinion, I would define success as being able to enjoy what you have, what you do and who you deal with everyday. And to achieve success, you should have skills that help you handle relationships with your peers. We are social creatures; we need each other to succeed, and to enjoy our success.

托福写作解析:A vehicle that changed people's lives

托福写作题目:A vehicle that changed people's lives

Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people's lives.

automobiles

bicycles

airplanes

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

参考分析:

应该选择automobiles。注意,要回答为什么汽车改变了人们的生活。

汽车改变了人们的时间、空间观念,进而改变了人们的生活。

汽车使货物的远程运输成为可能,进而使人们可以购买更多的商品。

汽车使汽油变得格外重要,直接间接导致了很多中东地区的战争。

汽车使空气污染更加严重,导致人们的健康受到影响。

范文:

An airplane is a form of transportation that has changed people's lives. Thanks to the plane, our lives are now faster, more exciting, and more convenient that before. You cannot deny that a plane is fast. For example, the Concorde flies at supersonic speed. A businessman can leave Paris at 11 a.m. in the morning and arrive in New York at 8 a.m. the same morning in time for a day's work. Many business people in Europe will fly to London for a noon meeting and then return home to Rome or Madrid for dinner.

It is always exciting to take a plane trip. When you take a trip by plane, you know that you might cross many time zones, many oceans, and many countries. When you get off the plane, you could be in a place that speaks a different language. A plane is like a magician's trick. You get in a box and you come out somewhere totally different.

Nothing can beat the convenience of a plane. In the old days, it might take you days to do what the plane can do it an hour. Boats, for example, only leave on certain days of the week and take a long time to get to their destination. Planes give you the option to leave several times a day and get you to your destination quickly.

Although other forms of transportation may be more comfortable ,none has changed the way we do business and live our lives more than the plane. Thanks to the speed, excitement, and convenience of the planes, our lives are richer.

托福写作解析:Why people attend college

托福写作题目:

Why people attend college?

People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

解析:

说明人们选择上大学的具体原因(一个或者多个):增加经验、拓展知识、开阔视野

为了实现理想(ideal; idealistic)为了保证将来的就业机会 父母要求子女上大学 别人都上大学了,所以自己也选择读书 找不到工作。

参考范文:

After graduating from high school many young people have the option to directly enter the work force. Most students who have the opportunity, however, decide to go to college before finding jobs (They attend college to obtain more choices,higher salaries, and more opportunities for advancement in an increasingly competitive job market. Before attending college, students have a limited opportunity to specialize. After obtaining a specific college degree a job applicant can be competitive for previously unavailable jobs.

For instance, applicants with Computer Science degrees would not only be qualified for jobs in hightech companies, they would also be well prepared for any job with computer skills as a prerequisite. With a larger range of potential jobs to choose from, degree holders are more likely to find a job that suits their particular needs and interests.

Additionally, employers are willing to pay a premium for highly qualified applicants. For example, many companies desire employees who are competent in more than one language and offer higher salaries to attract them.

Even if a job applicant without a college degree has high standardized test scores, employers may still place a higher value on an applicant with similar test scores who also possesses credentials from a wellknown university. Because of the extent to which a college degree is accepted by employers as proof of competence in a given field, college graduates are not only more likely to receive more job offers, they can also command higher salaries than applicants who lack college diplomas.

Finally, in addition to offering more choices and higher salaries, a college degree offers access to jobs with a clear path towards professional advancement. A B.S. in biology, for example, could allow a student to find a job in a lab after graduation, a first step on the road towards a career in scientific research. The same major could also be used to apply to medical school, and a career as a doctor. Both of these avenues would

篇3:托福写作结构层次该怎样拓展

托福写作结构层次该怎样拓展?

一.有鲜明的鲜明立场

针对某一个论题,每一种观点都有它的理由,在托福写作中同样也不存在着唯一的观点和内容。考生这是就可以从两个完全相反的观点中选择一个立场,关键在于如何说服读者:尽管存在着相反的立场,你必须选择一个的观点,并且让观点出现在开头段落和结尾段落里。

一般考生应该选择那个政治上正确的或者大多数考生会选择的观点。不过你如果不擅长写这种文章,你可以适当地调整一下内容以适应你较习惯的表达方式。但文章要均衡,不要有高度争议性的论述。

二.文章的深度

每篇托福作文你只有30分钟,这么短的时间内你不可能覆盖每一个推理,反驳和例子。当你开始考试时,利用几分钟的时间确定要写的论点和例子,不需要包含每个论题和概念。大部分学生都没有足够的时间覆盖他想要覆盖的内容,所以只要选择最具说服力例子就可以了。其实考官也不期望你对每个论题都作深入的探讨。毕竟最重要的是托福作文不要离题。要围绕主体不要扯远了,也不要过分集中在某个例子上。那么例子从何而来?

题目会告诉你可以利用自己的经历来展开你的论点,进行论述得出结论。这种方法是可行的,但你的推理依据应该更偏向于所学到的知识而非个人经历。你所举的例子或者知识可以很吸引人,但不最好不要太深去,因为托福作文是考察你的基本写作能力,而非你的专业知识。

三.保持简洁

试着将自己放在托福写作评分者的位置上,整天在为作文判分的你是希望看到一篇包含5段每段4句的简洁的有效的文章还是4段每段10句的散漫的文章呢?答案很明显,所以要确保你的作文干净简洁才能取悦评分者。在Issue部分就非常重要,因为在这里你表达的是你自己的观点。

托福写作思路解析:大学生就业

新托福写作题目:大学生就业

2.agree or disagree: universities and colleges must do a better job of preparing students for the workplace.

新托福写作思路解析:大学生就业

agree:

1.论点:就业变难,学生应该在大学里培养工作技能。

论证过程:先描述现在就业的高难度,中国每年有几百万的大学毕业生,但真正能够找到令自己满意工作的的却占很小部分。分析大学生在大学期间可以培养的能力有哪些。给细节:例如学设计专业的学生可以通过实习,去更好的学会应用他们所需要的软件如dreamwaver,PS。

2.论点:吸收更优质的学生,创造一个好的学习氛围。

论证中心:描述现在的大学氛围被社会批评。主要原因是中国的大学缺乏职业培训,而且管理的不够科学,使得很多大学生在大学期间荒废了学业。因此,越来越多的家长送孩子去美国学习,而美国的学校却非常重视孩子的能力提升,尤其重视学生的社会实践。甚至很多大学的课程是直接为世界五百强输送人才。例如普渡大学计算机专业会开设CS课程,而教授就是来自苹果公司的高级工程师。因此可以从美国大学能够吸引世界的精英学生前往求学以及对比国内大学的现在尴尬状态的对比,不难发现。学校更应该重视学生就业能力的培养。

3.让步段:也有很多人支持,大学生阶段,学生的主要精力还是放在学习专业课上面。反驳:大部分的专业课也是为了将来就业做准备的,因此学习专业课的同时,学校也应该重视让学生学会应该这些知识。例如学习计算机专业的学生,可以尝试着去设计一些最新潮的App软件。例如Ins的创始人就是大学期间开始尝试设计发明的,最终成为世界名人。

托福写作思路解析:保持房间整洁的好处

新托福写作题目:保持房间整洁的好处

3.Students who keep rooms their neat and organized are more successful than those who do not.

新托福写作思路解析:保持房间整洁的好处

题干中描述现象太具体,可以进一步推导出保持房间整洁有序带来好处就是有组织计划能力,然后分析组织计划能力的好处。拆分学生的现在和将来:保持房间整洁有序所培养的计划组织能力有利于他们的当前学习和将来就业,所以选择同意。

1.

论点+解释:计划组织能力有利于当前学生的学习,计划组织能力能够帮助学生去提升他们的成绩,以及让他们更加从容的面对学习中各种各样有挑战性的任务。

例子:现在的大学生面对各种各样的必修选修课,他们必须学会将那些课程分成几个不同的部分。然后,将自己有限的精力客服那些最难的学科,例如耗时很久的数学。然后,为了提升学习数学的学习效率,学生也需要做出正确的计划,例如首先要理解那些基本的规则,然后保持练习去掌握那些理论,然后还要计划当遇到问题和困难的时候去找同学和老师求助。

结论:很明显,从大学生的经历中,可以轻易推断出保持房间整洁这种习惯有利于学生当前的学习。

2.

论点+解释:另外,学生在未来的职业中也能取得更好的成绩,具体来讲。当步入社会以后,由从小打扫房间所培养的更强的计划和组织能力能帮助他们更轻松的解决职场任务。

例子:拿市场学专业的学生举例。为了适应新的环境,必须快速从学生转化成员工的角色。那么,积累职场经验以及处理复杂的人际关系变得非常重要。做出一个合理的计划能够帮助他更轻易的达到这一点。例如,如果他负责新产品的推广,首先他得了解自己产品的优点缺点,然后和竞争对手做出对比,然后再根据自己产品的优势做出诱人的广告。除此之外, 作为一个新人,他应该学会分优先级,根据不同任务的重要性,分别完成。结论:因此,为了职场上取得更好的成绩,计划和分类能力非常有必要,打扫房间的习惯能够培养他们这种能力。

托福独立写作范文:出国读书

托福独立写作题目:出国读书

Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home counties. Why do some students study abroad? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.

托福独立写作范文:

Studying in one’s home country offers unique benefits. For example, the home country provides best education in some subjects that other countries do not offer. However, it is important to study overseas for at least part of one’s higher education. By studying abroad, students can acquire a new language, get to know another culture, and pursue good programs.

The most obvious advantage of studying overseas is learning a new language. It is important to be bilingual or even multilingual nowadays. For example, international communication is essential for our global economy. For many students who choose to study in English-speaking countries, they can easily pick up English if they are actively engaged in speaking English. Even for those who have had a good grasp of English in reading and writing, they can still improve their spoken English after exposure to an English-speaking environment.

As important as learning a new language is becoming acquainted with a new culture. Cultures differ from one another and they are even diametrically opposite on some points. By studying overseas, students become familiar with other ways of life and learn to respect them. For example, to students from some cultures, privacy is a relatively new concept. The students may choose to tell their course grades to their classmates in the foreign country and ask them for similar information. In turn, they may feel disappointed or even shocked to receive no answer and be told that this is privacy. After a while, however, they have a better understanding of the concept of pervasive privacy in the foreign country.

Last but not least, we are able to undertake excellent programs in the foreign country where we choose to study. Some programs may not be available in the students’ home country. For example, a student who is interested in American literature may find that no university in his or her country offers this program. Other programs are available in the students’ home country but not on a par with similar programs in a foreign country. This can be illustrated by MBA programs of American universities. A number of counties offer MBA programs, but many think that American universities offer the best MBA programs. This accounts for the fact that the majority of MBA holders have obtained the degree from American universities.

Studying abroad can be rewarding. Not only can students acquire a new language and know more about a different culture, but they can pursue excellent programs as well. Indeed, studying in a foreign country is a worthwhile experience.

篇4:托福写作应该怎样巧妙运用习语

托福写作应该怎样巧妙运用习语

在托福考试中,托福写作部分一直占据着很重的分值,出色的英语作文是考生们在激烈的竞争中脱颖而出、终制胜的法宝。因此,我们不能再局限于扩大词汇量,死记硬背写作套句和范文,而要掌握一些浅显易懂的规律,写出炫亮的英语,让你的作文大放异彩。

词汇多样性:

词汇贫乏之中国学生英语作文的通病。整篇作文一个词用到底,从不作任何变化:一遇到“改变/变化”就是change,“影响”就是effect,“流行”就是popular,“认为”就是think;每逢“因为”就是because,“意识到”就是realize,“想到”就是think of,等等。其实英语词汇很丰富的,同一个意思可以由很多不同的方式表达,如:

改变:change,modify,alter,shift,fashion,transform,convert

变化:change,vary,convert,fluctuate,oscillate

保护:protect,conserve,safeguard

保存:save,preserve,conserve,keep,store

影响:effect,influence,impact,infection

流行:popular,prevalent, prevailing,current,common,universal

认为:think,believe,hold,argue,maintain,deem,opine,reckon,figure

意识到:realize,be aware of/that,be awake to,understand,it/sth. dawns on sb.

想到:think of,come up with,occur to/strike sb.,come to,remind,suggest

看作:regard …as…,look on/consider/view/see/take…as…

应该:should,ought to,it is/would be better,it is advisable to

因为:because,since,as,for,because of,owing to,thanks to,due to,as a result of,in virtue of,on account of,with,from,at,of

关于:about,on,with regard to,as regards,concerning,relating to

因此:so,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,hence,thereby

然而:however,nevertheless,nonetheless,whereas,though,still,yet

另外:moreover,in addition,besides,furthermore,one more thing

不同:different,difference,differ,vary from…to…,conflicting,diverse,diversified,various,a variety of

吸引人的:attractive,appealing,taking,inviting,tempting,fascinating,charming,alluring, glamorous, absorbing, enticing

闪光的英语托福作文包含四个要素:

1 完整性:句子结构完整,意义完整;

2 连贯性:句子各部分之间以及句子之间的关系紧密、协调,前后意思连贯,思想表达清楚有序;

3 简洁性:言简意赅;

4 多样性:包括词汇多样性和句子多样性。

以上四要素中,前三个要素是前提和基础,比较容易做到;多样性是对前三个要素的升华,是作文闪光点的核心和关键所在。

句子多样性

单调的句式和结构、长度相近的句子使作文呆板单调,缺乏生动性和说服力;而灵活多变的句子样式和结构则使作文语言生动,自然流畅,丰富多彩。具体包括以下几个方面:

长短句变换:简单句、并列句和复合句交替运用

长句准确生动,长于说明推理;短句简洁明快,意义明确,印象深刻,描述动作,表明主旨,总结归纳,非短句不可。既然各有所长,在写作时应根据实际需要,交替使用简单句、并列句和复合句,以达到“段间长短不一,全篇句式万千”、丰富多样的效果,给读者以及阅卷老师以永恒的新鲜感。

结构多样化:我们学过非谓语动词结构(包括不定式结构和分词结构),无动词结构,分隔结构,比较结构,独立结构,with复合结构,特殊否定结构,it结构,平行结构,强调结构,倒装结构,等等。其中为神通广大的是非谓语动词结构,在句中或作主语、宾语,或作表语、宾语补足语,或作定语修饰名词,或作状语表示条件、原因、让步、时间、方式、目的、结果、伴随状况等,不一而足。

非谓语动词结构可以简化大部分英语从句,产生语言简练,结构丰富多样的效果,请看下列转化实例:

名词从句可转化为非谓语动词结构

1. That John won the marathon surprised us.

John’s winning the Marathon surprised us.

2. I have not decided whether I should vote for Clint.

I have not decided whether to vote for Clint.

定语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构

1. The man (who is) standing at the gate is my English teacher.

2. The car (that was) repaired yesterday by him is my mother’s.

3. The next train that arrives is from New York.

状语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构

1. After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.

Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.

2. When they are heated metals expand.

(When) Heated, metals expand.

3. Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.

Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.

4. I spoke slowly and clearly in order that the audience could understand me.

…in order for the audience to understand me.

5. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fail.

United, we stand; divided, we fail.Toefl

6. Though he has lived in Canada for tree years, he still cannot speak English well.

Having lived in Canada for three years, he still cannot speak English well.

托福考试作文独立写作范文:独立学习还是小组学习好

Some people like to study alone while other prefer to study in a group. Which one do you think is more effective?

写作参考:

Educators and researchers have never stopped the examination of the importance and relevance of collaborative learning that are encouraged by middle schools. When compared with studying alone, I personally believe that it is far more beneficial to students when working in groups for the following reasons.

First off, working in a group finishing group projects can be very conducive for students since they can help students to study more effectively and get exposure in real-world issues. If teachers categorize students and organize them in small study groups, chances are that they would solve complex issues together, like research the history of the city, examine the water quality of the local town, so on and so forth. Students can develop critical thinking skills as well as learn to collect and analyze information from multiple sources. A recent study conducted by the University of Minnesota backed up the claim that study teams, collaborative learning and group projects are far more effective in helping students to develop useful skills than traditional teacher-led teaching approach. In fact, when learning in groups, students have to do some research about the topic they are expected to discuss beforehand, which helps them to clear up some misunderstandings and boast their enthusiasm of academic exploration.

Additionally, as the saying goes: “many hands make light work”, actually it remains as relevant today as it did a century ago. Working in groups has much deeper implications beyond students’ academic experience, to be more specific, it helps to develop skills like cooperation, organization and leadership. When learning in a group, every single student gets a chance to contribute their knowledge to the group, they can learn to appreciate the work of other simultaneously. What’s more, they have to work closely with others for the same goal otherwise they might not be able to compete with other study groups. More importantly, students will get exposure to distinctive perspectives and at the same time learn how to accept different points of view and find common ground in this process. Such an educational experience will not only be helpful for their future study but also beneficial to them when they have to deal with coworkers, clients, and teammates in a professional setting in the future. Numerous studies have shown that students who have prior experience working with others enjoy a better chance to be successful in their future career.

In conclusion, working together in a group has far more meaningful implications than working alone since collaborative learning helps students to learn much more effectively and develop important skills that are vital for their future study and career.

托福考试作文独立写作范文:视频游戏的好坏

Some people believe that video games could inspire young students' interest and make their study more efficient rather than distracting them and a waste of time, so young students should be allowed to play video games.

范文参考:

Many parents with young children fret about the addictiveness of computer games these days. While the negative effects ranging from addiction, increased aggression and various health consequences such as strain injuries get far more media coverage than the positives, there is now a wealth of research which shows that video games can actually be put into educational use and affect the brain's development

Firstly, games that are designed to help teach and ”brain training“ have long and enormous popular appeal. According to an experiment conducted by the University of California, game players show improved performance in perception, attention and cognition. One of the redeeming qualities of all games, even those with violent content, is enhanced information-processing, logic-thinking and problem-solving abilities in novel contexts. In fact, while playing game, your brain is in the learning mode constantly, to move to the next level, you are vigorously improving your hand-eye coordination, enhancing split-second decision making and boosting auditory perception. Moreover, other carefully-designed studies have shown that video games improve several aspects of brain activity, including multitasking. Considering Pac-Man as an example, in that game, you must navigate your character through a spatial layout while monitoring the separate paths of four additional objects, while keeping the overall goal of clearing the small pellets in memory, as well as keep track of the remaining large pellets.

Secondly, games that convey positive social messages never fail to boost the children's confidence, encourage cooperation and teamwork. Games help children feel a sense of achievement, through those puzzles, exploration and discovery, players learn to succeed in ways that our brains actually prefer. Most games are designed to introduce a new concept and then provide players with an opportunity to master it. Children are then free to explore and utilize and achieve success with this new skill, growing in confidence all the while. Besides, many games today emphasize the cooperative aspects of game play, in which two or more players need to work together to reach a common goal. Taking a game called ”World of Warcraft" as an example, children as young as 10 years old are learning to delegate responsibility, promote teamwork and steer groups of people toward a common goal. As video games themselves are not created by just one person, it is essential for the game players to pool everyone's talents together in order to require the desired product.

Admittedly, it is worth to consider the real concerns that today's parents have with video games, but it is also worthwhile to consider the benefits and positive aspects that contemporary interactive entertainment choices provide. Digital media such as computer games could inspire young children's interest, grow their intelligence and offer them a chance to escape from the mounting academic stress, as long as coupled with strong parental and teacher involvement.

From all the discussions mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that today's young students should be allowed to play computer games for the tremendous benefits they bring.

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