下面小编给大家整理了语法精讲定语从句（重点复习）（共含7篇），供大家阅读参考。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“扛瓶金大汉”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
1、定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词：
关系代词 关系副词
起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语 起连词作用，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语
who, whom, that, whose, which, as when, where, why
2、掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：
1） 指人时宜用who 的情况：
a. 当先行词是 one, ones, anyone 或 those 时，关系代词用 who。
Anyone who goes there will be punished.
b. 在there be 开头的句子中。
There’s a beautiful girl who came to see you this morning.
c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。
I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese well.
d. 在非限定性定语从句中。
She has a brother, who worked at that factory ten years ago.
2) 指物时宜用 that 的情况：
a. 当先行词为 all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.
b. 当先行词既指人又指物时。
He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad.
c. 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.
d. 当先行词被 the very, the only, the last, any, every 等修饰时。
This is one of the very book that I am looking for.
e. 当先行词是疑问词 who, what, which 时。
Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?
f. 关系代词在从句中作表语。
Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.
3) 只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况。
a. 引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。
Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking.
Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.
b. 关系代词作介词的宾语。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
4) 关系代词 as 和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，as
引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。
Which you know, he is a good man. (×)
As you know, he is a good man. (√)
6)关系副词when, where, why其含义相当于on which, in which for which等，可以互换：
The day when /on which I met him first was May 1st.
I don’t know the reason why /for which he didn’t come.
7)whose指物时，可以与of which等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系：
This is the book the cover of which / of which the cover / whose cover is blue.
8)有时可用代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。
This is the reason (why / for which / that) he came late.
9)先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big.
10)在先行词和定语从句之间有无逗号有时会引起名义的变化：
He said nothing that made her angry. 他没说使她生气的话。
He said nothing, which made her angry. 他一言不发，这使她很生气。
3、定语从句与强调结构
It is the place where they lived before.
It is in the place that they lived before.
第一个句子为定语从句，where指代the place，在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调in the place, that没有意义，把放回后面句子，句子意思完整。
Where is it that he found the lost watch? (强调句型，强调疑问副词where.)
Where is the watch he found yesterday? (定语从句，that指代the watch.)
4、定语从句中的先行词
Is this book the one that you bought yesterday?
Is this the book that you bought yesterday?
第一个句子中，this book是主句的主语，the one是先行词。在第二个句子中this是主句的主语，the book是先行词。一定要避免出现：Is this book that you bought yesterday?
5、定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词，对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。例如：
The news that we heard is not true. (定语从句)
The news that he won the prize is not true. （同位语从句）
另: 在“have no idea ＋从句”结构中，其从句都作idea的同位语。例如：
I have no idea when she will be back.
定语从句专项练习
1. I shall never forget those years ___________ I lived in the country with the farmers, _________ has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who
2. Wilma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, _______ made her mother very proud.
A. it B. that C. which D. this
3. Can you tell me the name of the factory ____________ you visited last week?
A. what B. where C. / D. when
4. I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her.
A. / B. in that C. which D. of which
5. The most important thing __________ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.
A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that
6. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons __________ none of us has ever heard of.
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
7. He never reads anything _________ is not worth reading.
A. which B. as C. who D. that
8. I have bought such a watch ___________ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
9. _______ was expected, he failed in the exam.
A. That B. As C. Which D. It
10. I can never forget the day _________ we worked together and the day ________ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
11. The children climbed up the hill, _________ they picnicked.
A. on its top B. on the top of it C. on whose top D. on the top of that
12. I still remember the day __________ I first came to the college.
A. on which B. in which C. at which D. which
13. They will never forget the day _________ they got married.
A. that B. which C. in which D. when
14. He makes good use of the time _________ he can spare.
A. when B. that C. in that D. in which
15. The factory ___________ his mother works is in the east of the city.
A. that B. which C. on which D. where
16. The place _________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
17. That is the reason ________ he wasn’t here yesterday.
A. why B. which C. on which D. in which
18. That is the reason ________ he can’t say.
A. why B. that C. what D. in which
19. You have no idea _________ worried I was.
A. how B. however C. that D. where
高考试题选练
1. The film brought the hours back to me __________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
2. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _________ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
4. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ________ leading actor is world famous.
A. is B. it’s C. whose D. which
5. The famous basketball star, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
6. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
7. ________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
8. I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
9. Anyway, that evening, _________ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
10. There were dirty marks on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一．词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词
句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句
代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 who which that
主语 whom which that
宾语 whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)
例1：this is the detective who came from london.
例2：the book which i am reading is written by tomas hardy.
例3：the desk whose leg is broken is very old.
例4：this is the room that shakespeare was born in.
2．关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
all the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。
(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：
there are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：
he succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
(6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征．品性或才能的人。which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。
(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。
(8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：
the boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：
is there anyone here who will go with you?
3．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
(1) “介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。
(2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：
we stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
this is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二．关系副词引导的定语从句
1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。
2. that可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因
that有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。
三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1．二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
2．关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语．宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。
3. 先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：
1) this is the article written by him that is poke to you about..
2) he was the only person in this country who was invited
四．as在定语从句中的用法
1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
（1）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
（2）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：
the elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
3）the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的。
2．as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：
(1) as is expected, the england team won the football match.
(2) the earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.
介词
1. 合成介词和复杂介词
1) 合成介词:inside,into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon within, without
2) 复杂介词:accordingto, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in frontof, in spite of, instead of, inaccordance with, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, together with,up to, with regard to, prior to等
2. 介词在句末:
This is what he is interested in.
Does everyone has a seat to sit on?
3. 名词加介词 ( n + prep)
1) 某些名词之后要求用某些介词:solution to, faith in, glance at, need for
2) 某些名词之前要求用某些介词:onone’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to mydelight
4. 动词加介词
1) Vi + prep:prevail on, appeal to, fallinto, apply for, touch upon
2) Vt + O + prep:lay emphasis on, takeadvantage of等
3) Vi + adv + prep:
I don’t wish to break in on yourthoughts.
The family came up against freshproblems.
You’re not telling me the whole story.You’re holding out on me.
She got off with him soon after she beganto work at the institution.
4) Vt + O + adv +prep:
You shouldn’t take your resentment out onme.
We shouldn’t put the shortage down to badplanning.
5. 形容词加介词
about---anxious, careful, careless,certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad, particular, sad, sure,timid, unhappy, etc
at---awkward, bad, clever,disappointed, disgusted, good, marvellous, quick, skilful, skilled, useless,weak, etc
for---convenient, eligible, grateful,homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible, etc from --- evident,exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etc
in---deficient, expert, liberal, quick,rich, successful, weak, etc
of---apprehensive, characteristic,critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient, dependent,jealous, positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy,etc
on---dependent, keen, intent, etc
to---acceptable, accessible, agreeable,alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf, destructive, essential,favourable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable,related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etc
with---awkward, bored, careful,disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick, wrong, etc
1. 限制和非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的: Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.
在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
2. 定语从句的引导词
1) that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who,有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that,但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.
Here is the man (whom) you’ve been looking for.
He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.
The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.
There are some people here who I want you to meet.
但在介词后只能用whom:
This is the man to whom I referred.
但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些.
Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?
Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.
2) 限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which..当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数情况下都是省略的, 特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everything等词时):
Have you everything you need?
(Is there) anything I can do for you?
All you have to do is to press the button.
在介词后只能用which, 在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去, 这时可以用that, 但省略的时候更多一些:
The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.
The tool (that) he is working with is called a wrench.
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
This is the question (that) we’ve had so much discussion about.
定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的, 但间或也可以修饰整个句子a), 或是句子的`一部分b), 引导词用which:
a) They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted
b) When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
3) whose: 在表示“．．．的”这个概念时, 可用所有格 whose; whose 用于指物, 有时可与of which交替使用, 通常的词序是 名词词组 + of which:
Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast?
We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear. (…the purpose of which was…) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (…whose name I’ve…)
of which前的名词词组也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及基数词担任; 这些词也能用在of whom之前.
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.
4) 关系副词 when, where, why: 它们的含义相当于 at which, in which, for which, 因此它们之间有交替使用的可能.
The day when he was born…
on which he was born…
which he was born on…
The office where he works…
at which he works…
which he works at…
有时可用that替代关系副词, 在口语中that可省略.
Every time (that) the telephone rings, he gets nervous.
This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss.
Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink?
This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
That is the reason (why) he did it.
在the way 后也可用that 替代in which, 在口语中that也可省略.
This is the way (that/in which) he did it.
That’s the way I look at it.
3. 如果定语从句中谓语为there is, 作主语的关系代词也常可省掉:
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanjing.
4. 定语从句的简化:定语从句与不定式结构, -ing分词结构, -ed分词结构以及无动词分句等有着转换关系.
He was the only one to realize the danger (= who realized the danger).
The woman driving the car (= who was driving the car) indicated that she was going to turn left. The man injured by the bullet (= who was injured by the bullet) was taken to hospital.
All the women present (= who were present) looked up in alarm.
一．几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。
（1）关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as
（2）关系副词：when/where/why
5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】
6.引导词的功能（作用）：
（1）连接先行词和定语从句。
（2）在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。
7.定语从句的类型：
（1）限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句
The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导
The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.
介词的`选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
（2）非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。
② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。
I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指
人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.
(比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)
除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）
3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom; [要学习网-中学生最喜欢的学习论坛；网址www.yaoxuexi.cn手机版地址wap.yaoxuexi.cn]
指物做主语，宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。
The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father.
The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English teacher.
The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful.
He went to America, ______ his parents live.
He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.
4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：
The house, whose window faces south, is mine.
=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.
＝The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.
二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法
1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。
Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?
2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。
① 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。
Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?
② 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.
The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.
※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。
She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.
3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.
I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. （主语）
He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. （动宾）
The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （介宾）
4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。
① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。
② 当作介宾时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。
The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.
The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.
The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.
The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
※注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。
※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于 “the same …as…；such …as…；so …as…；as … as…；as follows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m), which, 或that引导定语从句：
Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.
Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.
My hometown is no longer the same as it was.
Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.
The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).
I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.
He is not such a person as I expected.
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
高一英语重点语法--定语从句
01
定语从句基本概念
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
02
定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)，as 等。
关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
03
定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如：
The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.
注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。
04
关系代词的用法
1. that
that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2. which
which 用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3. who， whom
who， whom 用于指人，who 用作主语和表语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(who 作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(whom 作宾语)
4. as
① 引导限定性定语从句时，指与先行词相似的人或物，必须用于 such/so...as...或 the same...as...结构中，例如：
Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.
被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。
Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.
上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人会的数学题。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。
② 引导非限定性定语从句时，只能修饰句子，可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主谓之间,翻译成“正如...那样”例如：
The earth moves around the sun, as we all know.
As we all know,The earth moves around the sun.
The earth, as we all know, moves around the sun
③ 在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：
a. which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可以放在主谓之间。
b. as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。
c. as 引导的非限定定语从句只能修饰句子，which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子，也可以修饰名词。
注意：
1. 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom, that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
2. 含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
3. 关系词只能用that的情况：
① 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。
② 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。
③ 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
注意： 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。例如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.
王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。
④ 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
⑤ 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
⑥ 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
4. 关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
①先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
②关系代词前有介词时，用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
③引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
Tom came back， which made us happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
05
关系副词的用法
1. when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。(when=at which)
2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
This is the place where he works.
这是他工作的地点。(where=at /in which)
3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。(why=for which)
高一英语教你学会做英语笔记
1、注音标(Phonetics)，标重音(Stress)。
每单元的英语课文都有不少生词、一词多音和容易读错的英语单词，某些英语单词作名词和动词的发音不同，如'record(n.)和re'cord(vt.)。将英语音标和重音记在被注的单词上边，并要求学生在朗读课文时重视所注的音标和重读音节。这样，一旦课文读熟,那些单词的正确读音也就熟记在心了。
2、释义(Paraphrase)。
英语中有不少生词、多义词、短语、习惯语和难句需要用简单的英语或汉语来解释。如：quarrel争吵(to argue or disagree angrily with someone);forture财富(great wealth)。在课文学习过程中，注释的重点是一些较难的名词、短语和重点句型，而不必每个句子都解释。注释文字书写位置的原则是“就近”，即尽可能记在被解释的单词旁边，以便在阅读课文时被注视。若解释的英文单词较多，原文旁边写不下或记下去因单词太多书写太密而不清晰时，可记在相对较近的空白处，注释文字与被注文字之间可划一直线连接。也可记录在词汇表中该单词的后面。
3、划重点(Language Points)。
我指导学生用五角星标出新句型、用三角形标出旧句型、用圆圈标出介词或冠词、用方框标出新的短语和词组、用直线或水浪曲线划出英语课文中的关键句，科普文、议论文中表明作者中心论点的句子。语法和练习中的一些重点、难点也该划出来，以便引起重视。4、提要(Guideline)。
即用简洁的英文概括提示课文或段落、或句子的要点。这一工作常常与上述几项结合起来进行，先在原文上作上线条、小圆圈之类的标记，再在旁边空白处写上要提示的文字。例如，现在使用的高中英语教材每一单元阅读课文的正文前面都有“预习提示”(包括课文的重点生词和要讨论的问题)，课文的后面常要求学生作简要笔记Note Making ;这是教材编辑为方便学生预习而编写的内容。我要求学生在自学课文时，先从这些“预习提示”入手，以便把握预习的重点。然后再根据“提示”去预习正文。如高二(下)第十四单元Satellite(卫星)是一篇科普文章，学生可以根据“预习提示”和Note Making把课文分为四个段落，我指导学生在各段落旁分别写上Broadcasting satellite(广播卫星),Weather Satellite(气象卫星),Communication Satellite(通讯卫星),Space Satellite(太空卫星)。这样，“预习提示”所述的课文要点就概括、凸现出来了，课文的段落大意和中心思想也一清二楚了。
4、标疑(Question)。
英语不是我们的母语，因此，在英语学习过程中，我们常常会碰到许多问题。阅读过程中可以在有问题的地方打一个问号，再寻找机会向老师或同学求教或查阅有关参考书解疑。
5、分析难点(Comprehension)。
学生阅读英语课文，不断会遇到一些难点，经过老师的讲解，或与同学一起讨论有些可能当场已经完全理解，有的还似懂非懂。不管怎样，边听边记下析难的文字，既有利于课后消化，也有利于复习回顾。
6、补缺(Replenishment)。
英语词汇表和一些参考书中对某些单词和词组的解释不够全面，有些只讲了名词的意思，而未说明作动词、形容词等的意义。老师应该让学生自己查词典或告诉他们别的用法，并让他们记录下来。比如学习了名词success(成功),应该让他们记下形容词successful、副词successfully和动词succeed。
7、纠错(Correct Mistakes)。
中学英语教材的编写，包括选文以及课文的注释和练习的编写等，是经过众多高水平的国内外专家和编辑反复斟酌和把关的，与一些课外阅读材料相比，质量当然高得多，但难免有个别的不妥之处。如原Senior English for China Book IA的练习中出现了spend…on doing sth,而所有的语法书和词典上都用spend…in doing sth。又如：It is no good to do it. 应改成It is no good doing it.我在讲课时，把这些情况告诉学生，并要求学生自己查有关工具书证实，并将这些错误改正过来。果然，教材再版时把这两个错误都纠正过来了。
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.
2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
4. The students will not pass the exam . They don’t study hard.
5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.
9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.
10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.
11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.
12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.
13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.
14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in.
15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.
16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.
17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.
18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.
19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.
20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.
二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:
1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.
2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.
3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.
5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.
6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.
三、选择填空：
1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.
A. who B. which C. whom D. when
2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?
A. when B. where C. which D. who
5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.
A. which B. that C. whom D. as
6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.
A. whom B. which C. who D. when
7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning?
A. when B. where C. which D. who
8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?
A. who B. / C. that D. when
9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.
A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who
10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.
A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which
11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking
12. The man ____ around our school is from America.
A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed
13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.
A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who
14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?
A. that B. whom C. when D. whose
16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. that B. which C. whatever D. all
17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those
18. This is the very letter ____came last night.
A. who B. which C. that D. as
19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.
A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one
20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.
A. where B. / C. when D. what
21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.
A. where B. that C. which D. on which
22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.
A. which B. in which C. that D. /
23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.
A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which
24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?
A. that B. which C. its D. whose
25. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom
26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago?
A. the one B. which C. that D. where
27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?
A. the one B. where C. in which D. /
28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
A. it B. which C. that D. he
30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.
A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were
31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.
A. which B. whose C. where D. in that
32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis.
A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it
33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.
A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which
34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.
A. when B. that C. at which D. where
36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.
A. which B. as C. that D. it
38. ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.
A. What B. As C. That D. Which
39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.
A. whose B. that C. whom D. who
40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well.
A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which
41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?
A. why B. which C. for that D. of which
42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
A. which B. what C. it D. that
43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.
A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed
44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
A. It B. Which C. As D. That
45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.
A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what
46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
48. He is absent ____ is often the case.
A. what B. which C. who D. as
49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who
52. This is the only book ____ I can find.
A. that B. which C. it D. with which
53. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
56. There was ____ to prevent the accident.
A. something could do B. anything we could do
C. nothing we couldn’t do D. nothing we could do
参考答案
一、1. The fan that you want is on the desk. 2. The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room. 3. The magazine which he has taken away is mine. 4. The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 5. The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 6. The letter I received yesterday is from my sister. 7. The play that we saw last night was wonderful. 8. The train which was going to Nanning was late. 9. The boy who was here a minute ago is my brother. 10. The tree he is climbing is quite tall. 11. Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop. 12. That’s the child whose drawing we were looking at just now. 13. This is the boy whose sister is a favous singer. 14. I want to talk to the boy whose homework hasn’t been handed in. 15. Is that the woman whose daughter is in my class? 16. He used to live in a big house, in front of which grew many banana trees. 17. They passed a factory, at the back of which there were rice fields. 18. The soldier ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. 19. In the evening they arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple. 20. She came into a big room, in the middle of which stood a large table.
二、1. to whom; 2. wiht which; 3. with whom; 4. about which; 5. in which; 6. of which
三、1~5 ABACD 6~10 CDCCA 11~15 CCADA 16~20 ACCAB 21~25 ABBDC
26~30 ADABD 31~35 BBDCA 36~40 CABCC 41~45 AADCD 46~50 BBDAB
★ 定语从句
★ 定语从句课件
★ 定语从句考试题
★ 定语从句教案
★ 定语从句总结表格
★ 中考定语从句教案
★ 定语从句翻译句子
