下面就是小编给大家带来的定语从句的先行词与引导词（共含10篇），希望大家喜欢，可以帮助到有需要的朋友!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“百利甜福福”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
定语从句的先行词与引导词
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的先行词,在对于定语从句的学习中,起着至关重要的'作用.本文从定语从句的先行词分类入手,讨论了限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的先行词.
作 者：刘晶 作者单位：朝阳广播电视大学,辽宁,朝阳,12 刊 名：科技信息（科学・教研） 英文刊名：SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION 年，卷(期)： “”(9) 分类号：H3 关键词：限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 引导词关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that
关系副词：when, where, how, why
1.先行词
先行词有时也可是代词、数词。
例如：
Let’s watch the English book that I bought yesterday.
(English book是先行词，下划线部分是定语从句)
我们看看我昨天买的英语书吧。
We went to the place where she stayed.
(place是先行词，下划线部分是定语从句)
我们去了她待过的地方。
注意：大部分情况下，先行词紧贴在定语从句前面，但是，有时候也会出现先行词与定语从句隔开的情况，此时需要根据逻辑意思判断哪个是被修饰的先行词。
例如：
She has got a map of China which is about 2 meters long.
(map是先行词，被of China隔开了。下划线部分是定语从句)
I know a girl from Ningbo who has passed TOEFL.
(girl是先行词，被from Ningbo隔开了。下划线部分是定语从句)
我集训一位已经通过托福考试的宁波女孩。
本文载自微信公众号“英语语法学习”。本文已获授权，版权归作者所有，如需转载，请联系原微信公众号“英语语法学习”。
公众号：英语语法学习
引导主语从句
where用于引导主语从句时，通常可直接位于句首。
1、Where we stay doesn't matter. 我们住在哪儿没有什么关系。
2、Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
3、Where he has surpassed every other English writer is in his ballads and songs. 他胜过英国其他作家之处在于他的民歌与歌谣。
有时也可在句首使用形式主语it，而将由where引导的主语从句置于句末。如：
1、It's not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。
2、It doesn't matter where we go on holiday. 在假日里我们到哪儿去都行。
3、It's a nightmare worrying where the children might be. 担心孩子们在哪里简直是一场噩梦。
引导表语从句
用于引导表语从句，主要用作连系动词be的表语，此时句子主语通常是this或that。
1、That's where he lives. 那就是他所住的地方。
2、That's where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。
3、This is where our basic interest lies. 这是我们的`根本利益所在。
4、That's where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
5、This is where they bottle the milk. 这就是他们用瓶子装牛奶的地方。
6、This is where I part company with the professor. 这是我和教授的意见相左之处。
7、This is where the waters of Amazon flow out into the sea. 这就是亚马孙河入海的地方。
8、This is where we change from car to bus. 这就是我们从小汽车换乘公共汽车的地方。
英语语法中的定语主要修饰、限定、描绘名词，有时候也修饰代词。
定语从句只能放在被修饰名词成分后面。
例如：
I have two close friends who are good at playing chess.
我有两位擅长下象棋的密友。
We saw a fox whose tail was very long.
我们看见一只尾巴很长的狐狸。
•引导定语从句的关系词
关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that
关系副词：when, where, how, why
先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词叫作先行词。
先行词有时也可是代词、数词。
例如：
Let’s watch the English book that I bought yesterday.
(English book是先行词，下划线部分是定语从句)
我们看看我昨天买的英语书吧。
We went to the place where she stayed.
(place是先行词，下划线部分是定语从句)
我们去了她待过的地方。
注意：大部分情况下，先行词紧贴在定语从句前面，但是，有时候也会出现先行词与定语从句隔开的情况，此时需要根据逻辑意思判断哪个是被修饰的先行词。
例如：
She has got a map of China which is about 2 meters long.
(map是先行词，被of China隔开了。下划线部分是定语从句)
I know a girl from Ningbo who has passed TOEFL.
(girl是先行词，被from Ningbo隔开了。下划线部分是定语从句)
我集训一位已经通过托福考试的宁波女孩。
作者|丹丹英语
公众号：英语语法学习
如何确定定语从句的引导词
引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that； 关系副词有where, when, why。它们都在定语从句中担任句子成分。现分述如下：1. 定语从句如果修饰人，常常用关系代词who，有时也用that(作主语时多用who)。例如：
He is a man who / that often helps others. 他是一位经常帮助别人的人。
如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语， 就应当用whom或that， 但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略，且在口语中可用who代替whom。例如：
Here is the man (whom / that / who) you would like to see. 这就是你想见的那个人。
值得注意的是，如果是在介词的后面就只能用whom。例如：
The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。
如果表示“……的”时，就用who的所有格whose。例如：
Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor? 我们班有谁的父亲是当医生的吗？
whose的先行词也可是物。例如：
The house whose windows face the street is my uncle‘s. 窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。
2. 定语从句如果修饰“物”，用关系代词that的时候较多，有时也用which。例如：
It‘s a computer which / that costs six thousand yuan. 这是一台价值六千元的电脑。
当这个代词在从句中用作宾语时，往往都会把它省略。例如：
The present(that / which) you gave me is very beautiful. 你给我的`那件礼物非常漂亮。
在介词的后面只能用which。例如：
This is the book about which they are talking. 这就是他们正在谈论的那本书。
3. 定语从句修饰一个表示时间的词时，用关系副词when。例如：
I will never forget the day when I met her. 我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天。
4. 定语从句修饰地点名词时，用关系副词where。例如：
This is the place where we lived for five years. 这就是我们曾经住过五年的地方。
5. 定语从句修饰一个表示原因的词时，用关系副词why。例如：
I know the reason why she didn‘t come yesterday. 我知道她昨天没来的原因。
非限制性定语从句举例：
(1) who引导的非限制性定语从句：
Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.
我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。
Then he met Mary，who invited him to a party.
后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。
My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.
我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。
(2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句：
关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。如：
Peter, whom you mey in London, is now back in Paris.
彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。
Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。
(3) whose引导的非限制性定语从句：
whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如：
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.
那位小男孩学习很努力，他的.父亲是位工程师。
Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.
在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。
The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.
这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。
1.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
→限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。如：
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。如：
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。如：
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。如：
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
*→非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。如：
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。如：
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings.
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。如：
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
2.状语从句
→时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
→地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
→原因、结果和目的状语从句
1)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
→条件和让步状语从句
1)引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词(副词、动词、名词)+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
→方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
（1）as多与such或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
（2）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：
The elephant’s nose is like a snake，as anybody can see.
（3）the same…that与the same…as在意思上是不同的。
宾语从句引导词：
1、陈述句：如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略），表示陈述一件事实，主句谓语动词表示确定，不疑问；that在句中无任何意义时，不充当句子成分，常被省略。
2、一般疑问句：如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could) youtellme表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。
3、特殊疑问句：如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。主句谓语动词，表示疑问不确定含义，要用疑问引导宾语从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可以省略。
★ 定语从句
★ 定语从句课件
★ 定语从句考试题
★ 定语从句教案
★ 定语从句总结表格
★ 中考定语从句教案
★ 定语从句翻译句子
