下面是小编为大家整理的中考定语从句教案(共含14篇),欢迎阅读与收藏。同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“珊恩漫”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
一.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。
例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2)whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。
例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
二.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。
例如:
There are occasions when(on which)one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。
例如:
His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
三.判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。
Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错:
(错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对)This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.
(对)Ill never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的.成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A。
例1变为肯定句:This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句:This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因in the museum词组,可用介词in + which引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom,that, which, whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
四.限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
例如:
This is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
一 什么是定语从句
阅读下列句子,找出哪一句是定语从句
1。 My doctor told me to live where the air is fresh 。
2。 Tom was sleeping when the door bell rang 。
3。 Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school ?
4。 Can you tell me when the Flight 5571 will depart ?
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词或整个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。因此,通常定语从句被视为一个句子与一个名词的关系。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
例如:
He is the boy who often goes to school late。
注意
关系词在定语从句中的三大作用:
1。 连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。例如:
I gave her all the money that I had 。我把我所有的钱都给了他。(that 连接先行词money 和定语从句I had )。
2。 替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。例如:
The man who lives next door is a famous teacher。
2。 成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 例如:
I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style。 我喜欢传统的中国画(which 在定语从句中作 主语)。
二 关系代词和关系副词的用法
阅读下方的句子,根据从句的语法特点将其归类,瞻丫渥有蚝疟砀裉钊肟杖贝Α
1。 She is the old woman that witnessed the accident this morning 。
2。 Mary is the girl who works in Japan 。
3。 Is this the key which you are looking for。?
4。 October 1,1949 is the day when New China was founded。
5。 The house which stands on the top of the hill was built last month 。
6。 The student whom the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest。
7。 He lied to the police officer, which made things even worse。
8。 This magazine belongs to the teacher who teaches us history。
9。 Tom is reading in the room where the others are watching TV 。
10。 He failed in the exam ,which surprised us all。
11。 I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today。
12。 I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League 。
13。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane 。
关系代词和关系副词的用法
定语从句类型 特点 句子序号
由关系代词which that whowhom 引导 关系代词在从句中作主语
关系代词在从句中作宾语
关系代词which 指代前句所属之事
由关系副词when wherewhy 引导 定语从句中不缺主语或宾语;when where why 充当从句的时光、地点、原因状语。
Where 所指代的是一个抽象的地点,例如某一种状况、某一个领域。
巩固练习
完成句子
1。 Alexander Bell was the man _______________________(发明电话的人)。
2。 The present ____________________________________(她生日那天我送她的) is still unopened。
3。 Carol said the work would be done by October。__________________________,(我对此十分怀疑)。
4。 The film brought the hours to me __________________________________(当时我得到很好的照顾) in the faraway village 。
5。 We are living in an age ______________________________(我们生活在一个很多事情需要用电脑来做的时代)。
单项选取
1。 Do you still remember the chicken farm _________________we visited three months ago 。
A where B when C that D what
2。 Women _______drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _______don’t
A who B who C who who D
3。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others ,_______, of course ,made the others envy him 。
A who B that C what D which
4。 If a shop has chairs _______women can park their men ,women will spend more time in shop 。
A that B which C when D where
5 I work in a business _________almost everyone is waiting for a great chance 。
A how B which C where D that
三 关系词使用的注意事项
引导定语从句的关系词的选用比较复杂。除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物,所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的,以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成分外,还要根据习惯用法而定。
(一) 只能使用that ,who , whose 的定语从句。
请阅读以下句子,根据用法分类,将句子序号填入表格中适当的位置。
1、Here is the boy who wants to see you 。
2、All that glitters is not gold 。
3、Who is the man that came this morning 。
4、Which is the bag that you lost 。?
5、He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited 。
6、Anyone who breaks the law shall be punished。
7、His mother ,who loves him very much ,is strict with him。
8、Is there anything that you don’t understand ?
9、Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan 。
10、He is the very person that the police are looking for。
11、Those who are against the plan put up your hands please。
12、This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen 。
13、I happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel 。
14、This is the only thing that I can remember 。
15、Tell us everything that you know ,please。
16、Last week I bought a car ,whose price is reasonable 。
一.概述
课题来源:初三英语
所需课件:一课时
学习资料:定语从句中关系代词who, whom ,which ,that ,as的用法。
定语从句是一个很重要的语法项目,为以后的英语学习打下坚定的基础,也是初高考出现频率较高的考点。
二.教学目标分析
知识与目标分析
知识与技能目标:帮忙学生掌握关系代词who, whom, which, that, as 的用法,丰富学生的语法知识,构成独立的学习潜力,能够运用这些知识去解决定语从句的习题。
过程与方法目标:让学生主动参与感知——积累——理解关系代词的过程,让学生学会关系代词的用法,学会探究解决问题。
情感态度价值观目标:让学生体验到学习定语从句的乐趣。
三.学习者特征分析
初中生刚刚接触与从句,对句子结构认识不够清楚,但是这部分资料很重要,有助于学生完善整个英语语法知识结构。
四.教学策略选取与设计
本课题主要采用启发式教学策略,合作学习,探究学习的策略,在教学中,创设问题情景,以小组为单位进行讨论,合作学习,得出结论。
五.教学资源与工具设计
多媒体教室 计算机 PPT课件
六、教学过程
第一步:复习(检查作业)
第二步:导入
Marry is a beautiful girl。
Marry is a girl who has long hair。
……(讨论句子特征 )
老师总结:什么是定语从句,先行词,引出定语从句由关系代词,关系副词来引导。
第三步:介绍引导定语从句的关系代词。
第四步:详细介绍这些关系代词的用法。
第五步:习题(加深印象)
第六步:课后总结
第七步:布置作业
七、帮忙和总结
教师以启发诱导的方式向学生带给帮忙和指导,针对不一样的学习间断的学生采取不一样的帮忙和指导,之处不一样水平的要求,给予不一样的帮忙。对于学习潜力强的能够以暗示的方式进行指示,对学习潜力差的学生能够透过逐步深入的方式进行讨论。
在学习结束后,对学生的学习做出简单的总结,能够布置一些练习题,以强化学习效果。
八、教学评价设计
建立量规,向学生展示他们将被如何评价(来自教师和小组其他成员的评价)。另外,能够建立一个自我评价表,这样学生能够用它对自我的学习进行评价。
初中定语从句教案
初中定语从句教案已经为大家准备好啦,老师们,大家可以参考以下教案内容,整理好自己的授课思路哦!
一、设计背景
1. 初步掌握及运用定语从句,如让学生用定语从句来完成对人物喜欢的人物进行描述,如I like music that I can dance to. She is the only one who’s studying French.等。
2.本课的学习任务就是能初步掌握及运用定语从句,为了使学生顺利地完成教学任务,教师以学生为主体,为学生设计了几个以他们的认知水平出发的符合生活实际的他们感兴趣的一环扣一环的子任务,每个子任务紧紧围绕总任务展开,再深入,在一个一个完成任务的活动中培养学生的能力。
二.教学目标
(1)语言目标:能用定语从句较自如地描述及谈论人和物。在活动中训练学生的听力,口头表达能力,培养学生的观察,想象和创造力。
(2)情感目标:促进同学间积极合作交流,发展同学间的友谊 。
2.教学方法 :多媒体的运用能创设真实的语言情景,学生也很感兴趣,极大地鼓动了学生学习英语的积极性,而且呈现在课堂上能使教学更生活化,也更直观和具体。
三、教学方法
以学生为主体,用多媒体辅助教学,通过帮助学生理解、归纳、总结、讨论等方式学习定语从句,由于本节课是学生第一次系统学习定语从句,要达到让学生初步掌握定语从句这一目的。
四、学法指导、自主学习、合作学习
五、教学过程
第一环节: 观察以下例句:
1.The red pen is broken.
2.The pen on the desk is broken.
3.The pen that I bought yesterday is broken.
导入:通过对定语的理解,导入定语、定语从句的概念,定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子,当修饰词是一个句子时被称为定语从句。通常置于它所修饰的词之后,这种被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。
例句分析:
I like to have friends who are like me.
I like to have friends who are different from me.
He is the only one who is studying French.
Be careful of the person who doesn’t speak and the dog that doesn’t bark.
You can’t wake up a person who pretends to sleep.
He who can’t get to the Great Wall is not a true man.
I like musicians who play different kinds of music.
Another that he found very difficult is grammar.
The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.
Being a professional athlete is the only thing that I have ever wanted to do.
I like music that I can sing along with.
I like music that has great lyrics.
I like music that I can dance to.
得出结论1)当先行词是物时
a. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时,用which/that引导,且不能省略.b. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语时,用which/that引导,且可以省略.
2)当先行词是人时
a. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that引导,且不能省略.b. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that/whom引导,且可以省略.
第二环节:在学生对定语从句有了初步的了解后,创设情境,学以致用,让学生分组活动,根据多媒体呈现的情境,有创造性地造句:
This is a singer who/that …
who is a boy.
who is very shy.
who writes his own songs.
who has a song calledQinghuaci.
Who I like best.
It’s an animal that/which is very strong.
It’s an animal that/which has long nose and big ears.
It’s an animal that/which I like very much.
第三环节:在学生对一般的规律都把握好以后,把学生的易错点和定语从句的考点呈现在屏幕上,让学生仔细观察并作出总结,该环节设计得很好,很好地训练了学生的观察能力和主动探究的能力,效果较好。
仔细观察:你会发现什么?
1) I prefershoesthat are cool.
2) I likea pizzathat is really delicious.
3) I lovesingerswho are beautiful.
4) I havea friendwho plays sports.
学生观察后得出的`结论为:
who/that在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。
第四环节:小节本堂课的内容
什么是定语?
什么是定语从句?
定语从句的结构是什么?
关系词有几重作用?
此环节让学生对所学的知识加以升华,并在大脑里形成知识框架,把知识系统化。
第五五环节:巩固练习---以检查学生是否真正掌握本堂课的知识,实践证明,学生掌握得很好。
第六环节:合作探究
留给学生的问题
1.如果先行词既有人又有物,用什么关系词?
2.如果先行词是时间,用什么关系词?
3.如果先行词是地点,用什么关系词?
4.关系词whose怎么用?
通过此环节给学生留下思维拓展的空间,也为以后的学习做好铺垫,体现学习的延续性。
课堂小结:通过例子让学生总结定语从句的规律和特点,同时总结不同关系词的用法。在这节课中,学生对定语从句这一语法项目有了不同程度的巩固和深化。
六、课后反思:
提倡任务型教学活动,是为了让学生们在教师的指导下,通过感知,体验,实践,参与合作等方式,力求最大限度地把语言能力的培养落实到教学过程的每一个环节,逐步实现预定的任务目标并感受成功。我在这堂课的设计里要求自己新颖别致,突出故事的完整性,要有一气呵成的感觉,重点落实,定语从句自始至终贯穿每个环节,活而不乱,生动有趣,贴近生活,气氛活跃。能发挥学生们的主体互动性和能动性,在完成任务的过程中能积极参与。课后感觉任务型教学有所体现,学生们积极性高,参与面广,训练量较大,能初步运用定语从句。
但在教学过程中,我意识到:有个别学生基础太差,虽在课堂中他们也积极参与,但有时很盲目,甚至不知道老师和同学们在进行什么内容,从他们的目光和神态中,我了解到他们对知识的渴求,我暗自告诉自己,一定要帮助他们,这很难,但一定要坚持,决不放弃。
教学目标
1. 知识目标:掌握下列重点单词和词组的意思及用法ache, evercise, weight, give up, interest及其词汇转化
2. 能力目标:能够询问有关健康的信息,表达态度,提供建议。学习使用由whose引导的定语从句。
3.情感目标:通过了解tony 的经历,培养体谅、关爱他人的情感态度。
教学重难点
1.重点:对话中的句型应用,由whose引导的定语从句
2.难点:由whose引导的定语从句的运用。
教学工具
课件
教学过程
[课前朗读]: 朗读生词ache, exercise, weight, give up, interest, tasty----taste, menu, persuade.根据音标读出单词并了解汉语意思,养成学生自主学习词汇的习惯,促使学生迅速进入学习状态。
[检查词汇预习]:
a.采取学生结对、小组互查等形式来检查学生对词汇的预习情况。
b.朗读单词,注意发音。
一、情境导入
教师可问学生:(1)What’s your favourite sport?(2) How do you think we can keep fit?(3) Have you ever remembered what happened to Tony in Module9?这样会调动学生用英语思维的积极性, 引出本单元话题。
二、小听力(自主完成,合作释疑)
听Activity 2,完成表格
Betty
Lingling
Taijiquan
Weight
training
Running
针对表格进行说的练习。如:How does Lingling think of Taijiquan and running?
三、大听力 多层听
1.听Activity 3,完成下列各题。
1).Who has Betty bumped into?
A. The head teacher B. The English teacher C.Lingling and Betty
2).Does Daming think that the boy in his team can go to a sports school ?
A. Yes, he does B. No, he doesn’t C. We don’t know
3).What does Daming want the head teacher to write ?
A. Something about staying healthy
B. Something about training for the Olympics
C. something about buying a camera
2. 再听Activity 3,完成下列表格。
1. How did Tony feel
the basketball training? 1. He feels very
2. What will the boy in Daming’s team need to do? 2. He needs to do a lot of___ _____
3. Why isn’t allowed to use his father’s camera any more? 3. Because he almost __ ______ it last time.
四、默读对话,自主完成Activity 4.
完成后小组展示并纠正。小组间合作解决activity 3中不懂的地方,教师适时点拨。
五、突破重点与难点
对重点内容和疑难问题进行合作探究学习。
1.My legs ache a bit. ___________________(翻译)
(1) a bit 译为_____________. 其同义短语是___________.
自主造句:_______________________________.
2. Don’t give up if you want to stay fit.__________________________.
give up, 放弃。其中up是代词,后跟名词作宾语时可放在短语 ,也可放在 ,而跟代词宾语时只能放 。例如:give it/them up放弃做某事----give up doing sth.
自主造句: _______________________.
我们学过的可加动名词的动词或短语有
3.He is not fit or strong enough.____________________________
总结enough 的用法并举例
自主造句:
4. I’ve got a friend whose brother is training for the Olympics.此句含有一个whose 引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,又如:
He is the only student in our class whose father is a policeman.
There is a boy whose parents want him to go to a sports school.
先行词为无生命的物体时也可以用whose 引导定语从句.如:
The book whose cover is green is mine.
No one now lives in the room whose windows are broken.
5.找出含有whose 的定语从句并翻译句子。分析定语从句的.先行词。
___________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________.
5. 自主补充完善
六、归纳短语
通过对对话的学习,让学生归纳本课的短语,可以小组合作,然后通过展示呈现出一个小组的成果,然后其他小组补充完善。
1. _____________________ 9._______________________
2. _____________________ 10.______________________
3. _____________________ ______________________
4. _____________________ _______________________
5. _____________________ ______________________
6. _____________________ ______________________
7. _____________________ ______________________
8. _____________________ ______________________
七、诵读积累
(一)跟录音机朗读对话,模仿语音语调。
(二)读熟对话
(三)读烂短语
(四)读烂下列重点句子
1.Don’t give up if you want to stay fit.
2. He isn’t fit or strong enough.
3.I’m not allowed to use it any more.
4.It’s my father who gives me my pocket money.
5. Don’t talk to me about that.
6. What’s up?
7.Guess what?
8. (含有whose的定语从句)
八、说的训练:
Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Activity 5.
九、当堂检测
(一)翻译下列短语及句子:
1.放弃___________________2.一点_____________________________
3.保持健康 _______________ 4.足够强壮_________________
5.碰巧遇到_________________6.发生什么事了?_________________
7.看起来像 ________________ 8.祝你好运 ________________
宾语从句
3. 复习什么是宾语。动词/介词后面的名词就是宾语。
I play basketball.
We are talking about our homework..
4. 宾语从句就是在宾语的位置上放一个完整的句子。
5. I love that I can earn some coupons.
板书:He knows me.
He knows what’s wrong with his wife.
说出下面4个句子的主句和从句。
A.He said that he had a very good journey home.
B.He asked if /whether they had come.
C.He told me that the earth goes around the sun.
D.He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.
总结:。。是主句,剩下的是由that,if,how引导的宾语从句。
初步认识了宾语从句,下面我们开始了解宾语从句的三要素
引导词(连接词)
语序、时态
1)从属连词that引导陈述句宾语从句,在口语或者非正式语中可以被省略
比如上面四句话中的A,C就是that引导的陈述句的宾语从句。如果省略掉that,该如何修改
A.He said that he had a very good journey home.
C.He told me that the earth goes around the sun.
2)由从属连词 whether, if 引导一般疑问句的宾语从句,表示“是否”,比如上面的B就是由if引导的宾语从句,
B.He asked if /whether they had come.
3)由连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what, whoever, whichever, whatever 和连接副词 where, how, why,when引导的宾语从句
代词或副词连接主句和从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略,比如上面的D。
D.He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.
注意:关于是否if/whether
.Whether,if 引导宾语从句:两词可互换,但是下列情形除外:
1).whether从句中有or not
2).whether从句做介词宾语
3) whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
4) 在不定式前只能用whether.
(如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。)
5) 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
Paper课堂
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
3. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
4. I don’t know _______ to go.
继续观察上面的四句话,请问宾语从句的语序有什么特点?(陈述句语序)不管原来的句子是陈述句,一般疑问句还是特殊疑问句,放在宾语从句里都是陈述句语序。
练习
Part 1 课堂练习
Mike gets up at seven in the morning.
He says that--- Mike gets up at seven in the morning
The teacher asks-- if Mike gets up at seven in the morning.
.The teacher asks what time--- Mike gets up in the morning.
我们已经了解了宾语从句的引导词和语序,下面我们来学习下宾语从句的时态。
(卡片,贴在上面时态的旁边)口诀:主现从任意 主过从过去 从真理用现在
? 主句用现在时,从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从任意”
初中英语定语从句教案
一、设计背景
1、初步掌握及运用定语从句,如让学生用定语从句来完成对人物喜欢的人物进行描述,如I like music that I can dance to. She is the only one who’s studying French.等。
2、本课的学习任务就是能初步掌握及运用定语从句,为了使学生顺利地完成教学任务,教师以学生为主体,为学生设计了几个以他们的认知水平出发的符合生活实际的他们感兴趣的一环扣一环的子任务,每个子任务紧紧围绕总任务展开,再深入,在一个一个完成任务的活动中培养学生的能力。
二、教学目标
(1)语言目标:能用定语从句较自如地描述及谈论人和物。在活动中训练学生的听力,口头表达能力,培养学生的观察,想象和创造力。
(2)情感目标:促进同学间积极合作交流,发展同学间的友谊 。
2、教学方法:多媒体的运用能创设真实的语言情景,学生也很感兴趣,极大地鼓动了学生学习英语的积极性,而且呈现在课堂上能使教学更生活化,也更直观和具体。
三、教学方法
以学生为主体,用多媒体辅助教学,通过帮助学生理解、归纳、总结、讨论等方式学习定语从句,由于本节课是学生第一次系统学习定语从句,要达到让学生初步掌握定语从句这一目的。
四、学法指导、自主学习、合作学习
五、教学过程
第一环节: 观察以下例句:
1、The red pen is broken.
2、The pen on the desk is broken.
3、The pen that I bought yesterday is broken.
导入:通过对定语的理解,导入定语、定语从句的概念,定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子,当修饰词是一个句子时被称为定语从句。通常置于它所修饰的词之后,这种被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。
例句分析:
I like to have friends who are like me.
I like to have friends who are different from me.
He is the only one who is studying French.
Be careful of the person who doesn’t speak and the dog that doesn’t bark.
You can’t wake up a person who pretends to sleep.
He who can’t get to the Great Wall is not a true man.
I like musicians who play different kinds of music.
Another that he found very difficult is grammar.
The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.
Being a professional athlete is the only thing that I have ever wanted to do.
I like music that I can sing along with.
I like music that has great lyrics.
I like music that I can dance to.
得出结论1)当先行词是物时
a. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时,用which/that引导,且不能省略.
b. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语时,用which/that引导,且可以省略.
2)当先行词是人时
a. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that引导,且不能省略.
b. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that/whom引导,且可以省略.
第二环节:
在学生对定语从句有了初步的了解后,创设情境,学以致用,让学生分组活动,根据多媒体呈现的情境,有创造性地造句:
This is a singer who/that …
who is a boy.
who is very shy.
who writes his own songs.
who has a song called Qinghuaci.
Who I like best.
It’s an animal that/which is very strong.
It’s an animal that/which has long nose and big ears.
It’s an animal that/which I like very much.
第三环节:
在学生对一般的规律都把握好以后,把学生的易错点和定语从句的考点呈现在屏幕上,让学生仔细观察并作出总结,该环节设计得很好,很好地训练了学生的观察能力和主动探究的能力,效果较好。
仔细观察:你会发现什么?
1) I prefer shoes that are cool.
2) I like a pizza that is really delicious.
3) I love singers who are beautiful.
4) I have a friend who plays sports.
学生观察后得出的结论为:
who/that在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。
第四环节:小节本堂课的.内容
什么是定语 ?
什么是定语从句?
定语从句的结构是什么?
关系词有几重作用?
此环节让学生对所学的知识加以升华,并在大脑里形成知识框架,把知识系统化。
第五环节:巩固练习
以检查学生是否真正掌握本堂课的知识,实践证明,学生掌握得很好。
第六环节:合作探究
留给学生的问题
1、如果先行词既有人又有物,用什么关系词?
2、如果先行词是时间,用什么关系词?
3、如果先行词是地点,用什么关系词?
4、关系词whose怎么用?
通过此环节给学生留下思维拓展的空间,也为以后的学习做好铺垫,体现学习的延续性。
课堂小结:通过例子让学生总结定语从句的规律和特点,同时总结不同关系词的用法。在这节课中,学生对定语从句这一语法项目有了不同程度的巩固和深化。
六、课后反思:
优点:
本节课教学目标明确,条理清楚,板书设计合理,教学内容紧扣学生生活实际,学生在教师的引导下自主学习、合作学习,较好地归纳了定语从句的特殊用法,并能用定语从句写文章,完成了学习任务。
不足:
1、在引入部分没有充分引导学生把他们描述图片的简单句用关系词合并为定语从句。
2、最后一个环节用定语从句翻译文章时间安排不足,应多用二至三分钟的时间对学生的翻译进行进一步分析总结,让学生提出更多的修改意见。教学机智:本节课学生在归纳特殊用法时,提出了设计内容之外的规律,教师能给予肯定,并提出在下一教学环节进一步讨论。能够放手让学生发表不同的意见,并适时进行点播。
定语从句的概述
在复合句中修饰或限定名词、代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰或限定的名词、代词叫做先行词;引导定语从句的词叫做引导词。定语从句放在所修饰、限定的词(先行词)之后。
例1:The boy who is reading a story book is my brother.
那个正在读一本故事书的男孩是我的兄弟。
在这句话中,who is reading a story book.是定语从句。它修饰、限定the boy,the boy是先行词,引导定语从句的who是引导词。
定语从句的分类
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面,用来说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况,与先行词的关系非常密切,翻译时一般要译到先行词的前面;如果去掉,则整个句子的意思含混不清。
A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health. 医生是照顾人们健康的人。
非限制性定语从句起到补充说明作用,译为汉语时常不译作定语,而是根据句意译为相应的其他形式的从句。它与主句的关系不如限制性定语从句密切,只是对先行词作附加说明,既使去掉,主句的意思依然清楚。非限制性定语从句前往往有逗号与主句隔开,如非限制性定语从句放在句子中间,其前后都需要用逗号与隔开。
Yesterday, Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed two years.
昨天,吉米动身到加拿大去了,他曾在那儿呆了两年。
定语从句的引导词
引导定语从句的词称为引导词,它一方面连接先行词和定语从句;别一方面又在定语从句中充当句子成份,如例1中的who,以定语从句中作主语。引导词一般不能按照疑问代词或疑问副词的意义进行翻译,一般情况下应译为“……的”。定语从句的引导词可为分为关系代词和关系副词。
I. 关系代词
关系代词代替的是表示人或物的名词或代词,并且在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成份。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在从句是作宾语时常可省略。常见的关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
1. 当先行词指人时,使用who或whom,如果在从句中作主语,则用who;作宾语,则用whom,但在口语中,常可用who代替whom,也可以省略。Whom 作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
The boy who can play basketball well is our monitor.
那个篮球打得好的男孩是我们的班长。
The man (whom) we met at the school gate is an English teacher.
我们在学校门口遇到的那个人是一位英语教师。
The woman to whom you talked is Kangkang`s mother. =
The woman (whom) you talked to is Kangkang`s mother
那位与你谈话的妇女是康康的妈妈。
2. 当先行词指物时,使用which,在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时常可省略。Which 作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
The books which were bought last week will be sent to poor children.
上周买的那些书将被送给贫困孩子。
He gave me the ball (which) we bought last week. 他把我们上周买的球给了我。
Dont bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. =
Dont bring children to see the animals (which) they are afraid of.
不在带孩子去看那些他们害怕的动物。
3. Whose 引导的定语从句的先行词可以是人也可以是物,whose在从句中作定语。Whose 作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
The man whose coat is blue is cleaning the room. 那个穿蓝上衣的人在打扫房间。
The book whose cover is red is an English book. 那本红色封面的书是一本英语书。
The boss in whose factory I worked is a very kind person. =
The boss whose factory I worked in is a very kind person.
我工作的那个工厂的老板是一个非常和善的人。
4. that引导的定语从句的先行词既可指人也可指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。that在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词一般不放在它的前面。
The new job that I found was to be a teacher. 我新找的工作是当老师。
He is the teacher that we met at the bus stop.
他就是我们昨天在公共汽车站遇到的那位老师。
The village that he lives in is very far away. 他所居住的村子非常远。
关系代词在定语从句中作短语动词的宾语时,此时关系代词前的介词应是短语动词固定搭配中的那一个介词。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
5. 当先行词指人时that一般可以与who 通用;当先行词指物时,that一般可以与which通用。但是当先行词符合下列条件之一时,只能用that.
⑴ 当先行词指物为不定代词时,只用that引导定语从句。
Ive forgotten everything that I learnt at school. 我在学校学的东西我全忘记了。
⑵ 当先行词是最高级或被最高级所修饰时,只能用that引导定语从句。
This is the best way that we can raise money. 这是我们可以筹钱的最好方法。
⑶ 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时,只能用that引导定语从句。
He is the first person that I met this morning. 他是我今天早上见到的第一个人。
⑷ 当先行词被only, very, just, last, one of, all no, little, few, any等词修饰时,只能用that引导定语从句。
It is one of the beautiful views that I have seen. 这是我所见到的最美的风景之一。
⑸ 当先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that引导定语从句。
We talked the things and persons that we were interested in.
我们谈论我们感兴趣的人和事。
⑹ 如果有两个从句,其中一个用了who (which)来引导,则另一个用that以避免重复。
He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
他建造了工厂要生产一些我们以前没见过的东西。
⑺ 当先行词被the only, the very, the some, the last等词修饰时,只能用that引导定语从句。
This is the last place that I want to visit. 这是我想参观的最后一个地方。
6. 当先行词指物时,that一般可以与which通用。但是当先行词符合下列条件之一时,只能用which.
⑴ 当作主语或宾语的关系代词前有介词时,只能用which.
This is the house of which the windows face south. 这是那间窗户朝南的房子。
⑵ 在引导非限制性定语从句时,which可代表先行词或前面的一句话,译成“这一点,这件事”。
He passed the exam, which made us very happy. 他通过了考试,这使得我们非常高兴。
⑶ 先行词为that, those时,引导词用which.
Whats that which on the table? 桌子上是什么?
7. 当先行词指人时that一般可以与who 通用。但是当先行词符合下列条件之一时,只能用who.
⑴ 当先行词是one, ones, anyone, those指代人时, 只能用who.
Anyone who does that must be mad. 谁那样做一定是疯了。
⑵ 在there be 结构中,先行词是人时,只能用who.
There is a girl who is waiting for you. 有个女孩在等你。
⑶ 当先行词是人,后面有较长的修饰语时,只用who.
I met a friend of mine who had got three gold medals in the Asian Games.
昨天我在公园见到一个朋友,他在亚运会上得到了三枚金牌。
⑷ 当先行词是I, you, he ,they等时(常用于谚语中),只用who.
He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火自焚。
II. 关系副词
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。常用关系副词有why, when, where.
1.when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。也可以用“介词+关系代词”代替when, 这时的介词一般为in, at, on等。
Ill never forget the day when (on which) I first come here.
我永远都不会忘记我第一次到这儿的那天。
2.where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。也可以用“介词+关系代词”代替where, 这时的介词一般为表示方位的at, in , on, beside等。
This is the room where (in which) he lived last year. 这是他去年住过的房间。
3.why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。也可以用“介词+关系代词”代替why, 这时的介词一般为for。
Thats the reason why (for which) he was late for school. 这就是他上学迟到的原因。
4.that 可用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。
This is the place (that / where / in which) he works. 这是他工作的地方。
非限制性定语从句
关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中的应用与在限制性定语从句中类似。先行词为人时,用who, whom, whose;先行词为物时,用which。 that不用于非限制性定语从句中。
Mary has a brother, who is an engineer. 玛丽有一个兄弟,他是一位工程师。
She has six cousins, three of whom lived to grow up.
她有六个表兄弟,其中三个已经长大成人了。
The children are taught by a 32-year-old Englishman, whose wife is an American.
孩子们的老师是一位32岁的英国人,他的妻子是美国人。
非限制性定语从句也可以由where或when 引起。
Last week we visited Hangzhou, where there is a beautiful lake.
上周我们游览了杭州,那儿有一个美丽的湖。
We will put off the party until next week, when we wont be so busy.
我们把晚会推迟到下周,那时我们就不会这么忙了。
1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 Who which that
主语 Whom which that
宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)
例1:This is the detective who came from London.
例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.
2.关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如:
(3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:
[中考英语定语从句专题讲解]
定语从句并不属于中考范围,但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到,这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生,想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平,但总是碰到一些问题,百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平,无法提高,但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的,所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难,也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路,特用这一节讲述定语从句,不是从语法上讲述,而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了,如:a gd b,形容词gd 用来修饰书b。我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词,这种句子叫做形容词性从句,它起修饰名词的作用,又被叫做定语从句(The attributive clause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前,而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词,如:D u n
The students wh sit in the frnt rw are fr China
(要注意的是先行词是students 则wh 的数也应看作复数。)
4. We are studing sentences. The cntain adective dause.
We are studing sentences that (which) cntain adective dause
5. The taxi driver was friendl. He t e t the airprt.
The taxi driver wh t e t the airprt was friendl.
6. The b was gd. I read it
The b that I read was gd.
The b I read was gd.
7. The peple were ver nice. We visited the esterda.
The peple we visited esterda were ver nice.
8. The an called the plice. His wallet was stlen.
The an whse wallet was stlen called the plice
9. I ce fr a cuntr. Its histr ges bac thusands f ears.
I ce fr a cuntr whse histr ges bac thusands f ears.
10. I have t call the an. I piced up his ubrella after the eeting.
I have t call the an whse ubrella I piced up after the eeting.
关系代词wh, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将wh 与which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
That was the r in which we had lived fr ten ears 或可以写作:
That was the r which we had lived in fr ten ears
He was the an wh(wh) u were ling fr要注意的是此句的关系代词 wh 可以用主格取代,而l fr 是短语动词也不可将fr 放于定语从句之前。that 作关系代词作介词宾语时,不能紧跟介词,而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如:The an that we were taling abut has ce t ur schl. 这时不可用 abut that … 请看下面例句:
1. The eeting was interesting. I went t it.
The eeting that I went t was interesting.
2. The an was ver ind. I taled t hi esterda.
The an wh I taled t esterda was ver ind
3. I ust than the peple. I gt a present fr hi.
I ust than the peple wh I gt a present fr.
4. The picture was beautiful. She was ling at it.
The picture that (which) she was ling at was beautiful.
5. The an is standing ver there. I tld u abut hi.
The an wh I tld u abut is standing ver there
除关系代词外,还有关系副词,when, where, wh,其中when用来指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:I never frget the da when I first cae t the Great Wall. 而where 则指地点,如:This is the huse where the ld an lives. 请看下面例句:
1. The cit was beautiful. We spent ur vacatin there.
The cit where we spent ur vacatin was beautiful
2. That is the restaurant. I will eet u there.
That is the restaurant where I will eet u
3. The twn is sall. I grew up there.
The twn where I grew up is sall.
4. That is the drawer. I eep newspapers there.
That is the drawer where I eep newspapers.
5. Mnda is the da. We will ce then.
Mnda is the da When we will cae
6. 7:05 is the tie. M plane arrives then.
7:05 is the tie when plane arrives.
7. 1960 is the ear. The revlutin t place then.
1960 is the ear when the revlutin t place.
8. ul is the nth. The weather is usuall the httest then.
ul is the nth when the weather is usuall the httest.
在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句,即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉的话,主句的意思就不完整,意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词,如:I was the nl persn in ffice wh was invited.
② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对其附加说明,也就是讲即便去掉定语从句,句意也不受影响,仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句,如:Abraha Lincln, wh led the United States thrugh these ears, was sht n April 14, 1865 at a theatre in washingtn D. C. 又如:Galile lived in the cit f Pisa, where there is a leaning twer abut 180 feet high.
C will come;wont go D dont come;will go
A
(新疆省阜康市 )Dont ________the light,I_______a report
A turned off;have read B turn off;am reading
C turned on;have read D turned on;am reading
B
(山东省菏泽市 )-Its dangerous to swim here Look at the sign
-Oh, I _______ notice it Thanks for telling me
A havent B wont C dont D didnt
D
(福建省福州市 )-Kelly,how long______you _______in this school
-For three years Ill graduate in July
A have;studied B do;study C will;study
A
(山东省莱芜市 )-Alice, please tell Eric to call me when he _____ back
-No problem
A.come B.comes C.came D.will come
B
[中考英语定语从句复习资料]
定语从句教案重难点
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2)Whose
用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的`含义相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
一、疑问句中考查定语从句
1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week?
A. where B. the one C. on which D. /
【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时,最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句,然后判断谁是先行词,再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分,最后确定正确答案。
二、倒装句中考查定语从句
2. We came to a place, ________ stood a big tower.
A. which B. that C. / D. where
【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡,句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊,因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句,应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序,这样句子结构就比较清晰了。
三、拆分词组和固定搭配
3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.
A. of which B. where C. to do D. that
4. Why cant you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?
A. which B. on which C. when D. where
【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后,句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组:make use of, play a part (in)。
四、添加插入语或状语
5. The scientist has made another discovery, _______ I believe is of great importance.
A. that B. / C. which D. why
【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有:I think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时,最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语,这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。
五、插入非谓语动词
6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________
the radio for me?
A. who;repaired B. that;repaired
C. whom;repairing D. that;repair
【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一,因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如:我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原,还原后的句子应是:You want to have the man repair the radio for me.
一.定义:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句加定语从句。
二.定语从句的特点:
1.先行词:定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
2. 关联词:1)引出定语从句,并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语,
作宾语可省略。
2)关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。
关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,代指先行词。
关系副词:when,where,why,作时间状语。
三.基本结构:先行词+关联词+定语从句
四.关系代词的用法:
1. that 和which
that指人或物,作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略,主语不能。
Which指物,不指人,作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略,主语不能。
His father works in a factory that/which makes Tvsets.
Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?
The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.
注意:The room in which I live is very big.(在介词后面不能用that)
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2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句:
1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,定语从句只能用that
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
2)先行词被序数词最高级修饰时,定语从句只能用that
The children like the second lesson that is about The Football Match.
3)先行词被the only,the very 或the same等修饰时,定语从句只能用that引导。
It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.
Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?
This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.
4)先行词为everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,few等不定代词时,定语从句只能用that
Here is something (that) I will tell you.
I want everything (that) I want.
I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.
5)先行词被不定代词修饰时(all,any,no,every,little,much,many),定语从句只能用that
Here is all the money (that) I have.
6)先行词是同时含有人和物的名词时,定语从句只能用that
I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room..
7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时,定语从句用that引导
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Is it the one(that)you want?
8)为了避免重复,在疑问词who之后,用that 引导定语从句
Who is the girl that won the first place?
3. who和whom
who指人,在句中作主语和宾语,作宾语可省略。
Whom指人,在句中只能作宾语,可省略。
Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?
The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.
=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.
五. 关系副词的用法:
1. when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
when=on which
2.where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
=This is the house (which/that) I lived in two years ago.
[中考英语之定语从句剖析]
①考点聚焦:
1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语
位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后
2、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
3、关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
关系副词:when, where, why。
② 确定关系词的步骤
(1)先找从句,看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
(2)看先行词指的是什么。
③特别注意
在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
(1)先行词被:,形容词最高级,序数词,the same, the very , the only, the last 等修饰时
(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。
宜用which而不用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从句中
(2)在关系词前有介词时
whose作关系词既指人的又指物的,在从句中作定语。如:
Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?
There is a room whose window faces the river.
练习
一、用适当的关系代词填空
1.Is it the very house __that/_ you lived in ten years ago?
2.The woman ___who ./ that __ sits next to the door is my mother.
3.I’ll never forget the guy_____who / that __ saved the boy.
4.It is the house ___that . which __ I was born in .
5.The house _whose_____ roof is broken has been repaired.
二、选择填空
( )1. The money will be used to help the people____1ost their homes in the Tsunami(海啸).
A. who B. whose C. which D. where
( )2.This is the best film ____has been shown this year.
A. who B. that C. which D. when
( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. that D. in where
( )4.Mr. Li told us the stones and writers ___ interested him
A. what B. who C. that D. which
( )5.I’ll never forget the summer holidays ____ we spent together.
A. when B. in which C. which D. how
( )6―Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?
―Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
( )7.The letter _____ I received yesterday is very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
( )8.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
( )9.This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
( )10.Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
( )11.The moon is a world ___there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
( )12.He has forgotten the day ___ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
( )13.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
( )14.Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who B. that C. whose D. which
( )15.He got to the village _______ his family once lived
A. that B. which C. when D. where
共13人对这份知识概要评价,平均分为3
(总分为5分)
定语从句是现行教材中新增加的一个重要语法项目,同时也应是2003年各地中考的必测内容之一。本文试结合典型试题就该语法项目中可能出现的考点作分类例析,供同学们复习迎考时参考。
【考点预测1】考查关系代词与关系副词的用法。
【典型题例】
-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that the reason ______ you had a few days off?
A.why
B.when
C.what
D.where
【简析】根据题意可知,上句是下句“请假”的原因,所以应该选择表示原因的关系副词why来修饰the reason,故A项正确。
【考点归纳】定语从句中常见的关系代词有who(whom),whose,that和which,它们的用法分别为:
① who用来代人(即它的先行词必须是人),在从句中可担任主语和宾语。但who的前面不能有介词,如果带介词,则必须用宾格的whom :介词+whom。如:
He is the boy with whom I went there.他就是和我一起去那儿的男孩。
另外,当关系代词that用来代人时,关系代词who和that在许多情况下可以通用。但有时须用who,而不用that:
a.先行词是one,ones,anyone和those时,须用who。如:
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。
b.在there be开头的句子中。如:
There is an old man who wants to see you.有位老人要见你。
c.一个句子带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个须用 who。如:
The girl that you met last week is the monitor who studies very hard.
上周你遇到的那位女孩是位学习非常努力的班长。
② whose是代词的所有格,它既可以代人也可以代物。当whose代物时,它相当于… of which。如:
Please show me the book whose cover is black.
=Please show me the book,the cover of which is black.
请把封面是黑色的书拿给我看看。
③ 当that和which在限定性定语从句中代物时,which常可以和that通用,但有时只宜用which,不用that:
a.关系代词前有介词。如:
This is the room in which you will stay.这将是你住的房间。
b.如果两个定语从句,其中一句的关系词是that,另一句宜用which。如:
Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library,which was newly open to us.
让我给你看看我从重新开放的图书馆借来的书。
另外,非限定性定语从句中,只宜用 which,不能用that。
关系副词where,when和why用来引导定语从句时,它和关系代词一样,具有多种作用:
a.在定语从句中代替先行词。
b.在从句中担任成分--状语,在从句中起副词和介词短语作用。
c.起连接作用,它把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。如:
This is the house where I was born.这是我出生的那间房子。
We'll never forget the day when we joined the League.我们永远难忘入团的那一天。
The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to my birthday party.
我给你打电话是因为想邀请你参加我的生日聚会。
【解题技巧】由上可见,选择关系代词与关系副词的关键取决于关系词在从句中所担当的成分:如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时,只能用关系代词;如果关系词在从句中作状语(时间、地点、原因)则用关系副词。
【考点预测2】考查that引导的定语从句。
【典型题例】
This is the best way ______ has been used against pollution.
A.where
B.why
C.which
D.that
【简析】指事物的先行词前有“形容词最高级”修饰时,只能用关系代词that。故本题的正确答案是D项。
【考点小结】如有下列情形之一者,只能用that引导定语从句。
a.先行词为all,everything,anything, nothing,few,little,much,any,the one等时。
b.先行词既有人又有物时。
c.指事物的先行词前面有“形容词最高级”、“序数词”或no,the only,the very,the last修饰时。
d.以who,which引出的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
【考点预测3】考查which在非限定性定语从句中的应用。
【典型题例】
The result of the experiment was very good,______ we hadn't expected(预料).
A.when
B.that
C.which
D.it
【简析】该题中所提供的四个选项中,it不可引导从句,that不能引导非限定性定语从句,when不合题意,故正确答案只能是C项。
核心知识
【考点小结】
① 限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词,与先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或东西。如果删去,则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。如:
This is the man who gave me the money.这就是给我钱的那个人。
上句如删去从句who gave me the money,则成了This is the man.(这是那个人。)完全失去了整个句子的意思,因而不能删掉。
② 非限定性定语从句,在意义上,它是先行词的一个附加修饰语,是对先行词的进一步说明。如果删去它,不影响整个句子的基本意思。如:
Wang Dong,who is in the room,wants to ask you some questions.
王东,他在房间里,想问你几个问题。
上述主句是Wang Dong wants to ask you some questions,如果删去从句(who is in the room),并不影响整个句子基本意思的表达。
③ 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别可用表解如下:
④ 另外,在意思上,有时限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别还是较大的。如:
In their class,there are fifteen students who can speak English well.(限定性定语从句)在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。(可以看出他们班学生要多于十五位)
In their class,there are fifteen students, who can speak English well.(非限定性定语从句)他们班上有十五位学生,他们英语说得很好。(可以看出他们班上共有十五名学生,他们英语口语都好。)
【考点预测4】综合考查引导宾语从句的连词和引导定语从句的代词的用法。
【典型题例】
He said _____ the man ______ had robbed the bank had long hair.
A.who;who
B.who;that
C.that;who
D.that;which
【简析】该题为:他说那个抢劫银行的男人留着长发。通过审题可发现在该复合句中,既包含了宾语从句,也包含了定语从句,根据宾语从句和定语从句的相关知识,可知正确答案应是C项。
【考点预测5】考查把简单句转换为含有定语从句的复合句。
【典型题例】
I like Chinese tea with nothing in it.(同义句)
I like Chinese tea ______ nothing in it.
【简析】原句意为“我喜欢中国清茶”。通过观察下句可知应用定语从句来修饰“tea埂9收确答案为:that/which has。
【解题技巧】定语从句常用来修饰名词或代词,来表达所修饰的名词或代词的特征。所以中考在该题型上常考查:
a.关系代词或关系副词的选用。
b.主谓一致。
试对比:I bought a book yesterday.It was very interesting.
=The book which I bought yesterday was very interesting.
I bought some books yesterday.They were very interesting.
=The books which I bought yesterday were very interesting.
【考点预测6】考查“将含有定语从句的复合句转换为简单句”。
【典型题例】
The girl who is wearing the red coat is very clever.(同义句)
The girl ______ the red coat is very clever.
【简析】读题后可知:上句含义是“穿红上衣的女孩非常聪明”,对应下句时,可知空格处应填“穿”,故in是正确答案。
【解题技巧】in,with连接短语或词组来修饰名词,表明名词的形态和特征。这类简单句可以转换为定语从句。如:
The strange thing with three legs was used for drinking long before.
=The strange thing which/that has three legs was used for drinking long before.
【考点预测7】考查定语从句中动词的时态。
【典型题例】
Miyoko was looking at the photos that she ______ in Beijing.
A.was taking
B.takes
C.has taken
D.had taken
【简析】该题中主句是过去进行时,因此首先排除B、C两项。再根据常识,又可排除A项。故只有D项为正确答案。
【解题技巧】语境型时态题在近年各地中考试题中频频出现,在定语从句中考查动词的时态,使考生更难准确判断动词的时态。解该类题时,同学们一定要领会语境,然后再根据主、从句中动词的先后顺序来确定动词的时态。
总之,定语从句知识点繁多,但在现行教材中涉及到的内容较少。同学们在复习时,应注重基本知识的牢固掌握,对一些常见的考点熟记于心,再进行适当练习,中考时定能取胜。
★ 定语从句教案
★ 定语从句
★ 定语从句课件
★ 定语从句考试题
★ 定语从句总结表格
★ 定语从句翻译句子