下面就是小编整理的初中英语定语从句的注意点有哪些(共含8篇），希望大家喜欢。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“KOKORO”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
初中英语定语从句的注意点有哪些
这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：
限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。
非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点“，”隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。 例如：Earlier ， the Babylonians had attempted to map the world ， but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere ， which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）
更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites， which transmit information ， computers ， which store information ， and television ， which displays information ， will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：
The combination of satellites ， computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth ， which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明，将全句表达的意思看成“一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son ， who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是：“这位老人只有一个儿子” 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了：“这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作”。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。
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限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别
a) 非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，朗读时先行词部分一般用降调并稍做
停顿，书写的时候多半用逗号分开。
b) 非限定性定语从句能够修饰整个句子，限定性定语从句则不能。
c) 非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的含义不一样，限定性定语从句是确指，而非
限定性定语从句是泛指。
d) 先行词为专有名词或者具有特指对象的名词时，一般要用到非限制性定语从句。
e) 在非限定性定语从句中，现行词指人的时候，关系代词只能是who，whom，不能用
that；先行词指物的时候，关系代词只能用which， 不能用that。
一、定语从句的概念和用法
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。
如：A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 飞机是一种会飞的机器。
The boy who/that broke the window is called Mike.打破窗户的那个男孩叫迈克。
The man （whom/who/that） I met in the street is my teacher.我在街上见到的那个人是我的老师。
I will never forget the day when （on which） I joined the League.我将永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。
This is the house where （in which） he lived ten years ago.这就是十年前他住过的房子。
I know the reason why （for which） she missed the train. 我知道她没赶上火车的原因。
上面六句中的machine，boy，man，day，house和reason是定语从句所修饰的词，叫作“先行词”。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关系代词有that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当句子成分。
例1：It’s time to say goodbye to my school.I’ll always remember the people____________have helped me.
A. who B. what C. which D. where
解析：先行词指人，做主语，选A。
例2：This is the novel____________is written by Guo Jingming.
A. who B. what C. that D. /
解析：先行词指物，做主语，选C。
例3：The shirt____________John bought me fits me very well.
A. which B. what C. as D. whose
解析：先行词指物，做宾语，可省略，选A。
例4：That’s the man____________house was destroyed in the storm.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
解析：先行词指人，做定语，选B。
例5：Ten months has passed，but Chinese people still remember those exciting days____________they spent during the Beijing Olympic Games.
A. that B. who C. when
解析：先行词指时间，做宾语，可省略，选A。
二、定语从句的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，不能省略，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。注意当“one of +复数名词”位于关系代词前做先行词时，从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式。
例6：This is one of the books which____________written by Lu Xun.
A. am B. is C. was D. were
解析：该题的先行词为books，故答案应为D。本句的意思为“这是鲁迅所写的书中的一本”。但当one前有the （only），the （very）等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
如：She is the only one of the girls who has learned French. 她是这些女孩中唯一一个学习法语的。
三、只能用that引导的情况
在下列情况下只能用that引导，不能用who或which引导：
1.当先行词是all，none，one，any，few，little，much，everything，nothing，anything等不定代词时
例7：Is there anything____________I can do for you？
A. what B. which C. that D. this
解析：句意为“有什么我可以为你做的吗？”故答案为C。
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时
例8：This is the first place____________we visited last year.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
解析：句意为“这就是去年我们首先参观的地方”。故答案为B。
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
例9：This is the best film____________I’ve ever seen.
A. that B. which C. what D. it
解析：句意为“这是我看过的最好的一部电影”。故答案为A。
4. 当先行词被the very，the only，the last，any，every修饰时
例10：This is the very book____________I am looking for.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
解析：句意为“这正是我在寻找的那本书”。故答案为D。
5. 当先行词既指人又指物时
例11： They talked about things and persons____________they remembered at school.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
解析：句意为“他们谈到他们记得的在学校时的人和事”。故答案为B。
6. 当先行词是疑问词who，what，which时
例12：Who is the man____________is working there？
A. that B. who C. whom D. which
解析：句意为“在那儿工作的人是谁？”故答案为A。
四、只能用which不能用that引导的情况
1. 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰某物或整个句子时
例13：He takes a walk every day，____________is good for his health.
A. when B. it C. which D. that
解析：句意为“他每天散步，这对他的健康有好处”。故答案为C。
2. 当先行词在从句中做介词的宾语且介词前置时
例14：The hotel at____________we stayed was very small.
A. where B. what C. that D. which
解析：句意为“我们住的旅店很小”。故答案为D。
教学目标
1. 知识目标：掌握下列重点单词和词组的意思及用法ache, evercise, weight, give up, interest及其词汇转化
2. 能力目标：能够询问有关健康的信息，表达态度，提供建议。学习使用由whose引导的定语从句。
3.情感目标：通过了解tony 的经历，培养体谅、关爱他人的情感态度。
教学重难点
1.重点：对话中的句型应用，由whose引导的定语从句
2.难点：由whose引导的定语从句的运用。
教学工具
课件
教学过程
[课前朗读]: 朗读生词ache, exercise, weight, give up, interest, tasty----taste, menu, persuade.根据音标读出单词并了解汉语意思，养成学生自主学习词汇的习惯，促使学生迅速进入学习状态。
[检查词汇预习]：
a.采取学生结对、小组互查等形式来检查学生对词汇的预习情况。
b.朗读单词,注意发音。
一、情境导入
教师可问学生：(1)What’s your favourite sport?(2) How do you think we can keep fit?(3) Have you ever remembered what happened to Tony in Module9?这样会调动学生用英语思维的积极性, 引出本单元话题。
二、小听力(自主完成，合作释疑)
听Activity 2,完成表格
Betty
Lingling
Taijiquan
Weight
training
Running
针对表格进行说的练习。如：How does Lingling think of Taijiquan and running?
三、大听力 多层听
1.听Activity 3，完成下列各题。
1).Who has Betty bumped into?
A. The head teacher B. The English teacher C.Lingling and Betty
2).Does Daming think that the boy in his team can go to a sports school ?
A. Yes, he does B. No， he doesn’t C. We don’t know
3).What does Daming want the head teacher to write ?
A. Something about staying healthy
B. Something about training for the Olympics
C. something about buying a camera
2. 再听Activity 3，完成下列表格。
1. How did Tony feel
the basketball training? 1. He feels very
2. What will the boy in Daming’s team need to do? 2. He needs to do a lot of___ _____
3. Why isn’t allowed to use his father’s camera any more? 3. Because he almost __ ______ it last time.
四、默读对话，自主完成Activity 4.
完成后小组展示并纠正。小组间合作解决activity 3中不懂的地方，教师适时点拨。
五、突破重点与难点
对重点内容和疑难问题进行合作探究学习。
1.My legs ache a bit. ___________________(翻译)
(1) a bit 译为_____________. 其同义短语是___________.
自主造句:_______________________________.
2. Don’t give up if you want to stay fit.__________________________.
give up, 放弃。其中up是代词，后跟名词作宾语时可放在短语 ，也可放在 ，而跟代词宾语时只能放 。例如：give it/them up放弃做某事----give up doing sth.
自主造句： _______________________.
我们学过的可加动名词的动词或短语有
3.He is not fit or strong enough.____________________________
总结enough 的用法并举例
自主造句:
4. I’ve got a friend whose brother is training for the Olympics.此句含有一个whose 引导的定语从句，whose在从句中作定语，又如：
He is the only student in our class whose father is a policeman.
There is a boy whose parents want him to go to a sports school.
先行词为无生命的物体时也可以用whose 引导定语从句.如：
The book whose cover is green is mine.
No one now lives in the room whose windows are broken.
5.找出含有whose 的定语从句并翻译句子。分析定语从句的.先行词。
___________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________.
5. 自主补充完善
六、归纳短语
通过对对话的学习，让学生归纳本课的短语，可以小组合作，然后通过展示呈现出一个小组的成果，然后其他小组补充完善。
1. _____________________ 9._______________________
2. _____________________ 10.______________________
3. _____________________ ______________________
4. _____________________ _______________________
5. _____________________ ______________________
6. _____________________ ______________________
7. _____________________ ______________________
8. _____________________ ______________________
七、诵读积累
(一)跟录音机朗读对话，模仿语音语调。
(二)读熟对话
(三)读烂短语
(四)读烂下列重点句子
1.Don’t give up if you want to stay fit.
2. He isn’t fit or strong enough.
3.I’m not allowed to use it any more.
4.It’s my father who gives me my pocket money.
5. Don’t talk to me about that.
6. What’s up?
7.Guess what?
8. (含有whose的定语从句)
八、说的训练：
Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Activity 5.
九、当堂检测
(一)翻译下列短语及句子：
1.放弃___________________2.一点_____________________________
3.保持健康 _______________ 4.足够强壮_________________
5.碰巧遇到_________________6.发生什么事了?_________________
7.看起来像 ________________ 8.祝你好运 ________________
宾语从句
3. 复习什么是宾语。动词/介词后面的名词就是宾语。
I play basketball.
We are talking about our homework..
4. 宾语从句就是在宾语的位置上放一个完整的句子。
5. I love that I can earn some coupons.
板书：He knows me.
He knows what’s wrong with his wife.
说出下面4个句子的主句和从句。
A.He said that he had a very good journey home.
B.He asked if /whether they had come.
C.He told me that the earth goes around the sun.
D.He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.
总结：。。是主句，剩下的是由that，if，how引导的宾语从句。
初步认识了宾语从句，下面我们开始了解宾语从句的三要素
引导词(连接词)
语序、时态
1)从属连词that引导陈述句宾语从句，在口语或者非正式语中可以被省略
比如上面四句话中的A,C就是that引导的陈述句的宾语从句。如果省略掉that，该如何修改
A.He said that he had a very good journey home.
C.He told me that the earth goes around the sun.
2)由从属连词 whether, if 引导一般疑问句的宾语从句，表示“是否”，比如上面的B就是由if引导的宾语从句，
B.He asked if /whether they had come.
3)由连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what, whoever, whichever, whatever 和连接副词 where, how, why,when引导的宾语从句
代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略，比如上面的D。
D.He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.
注意：关于是否if/whether
.Whether,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：
1).whether从句中有or not
2).whether从句做介词宾语
3) whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
4) 在不定式前只能用whether.
(如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。)
5) 避免歧异时，我们常用whether而不用if.
Paper课堂
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
3. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
4. I don’t know _______ to go.
继续观察上面的四句话，请问宾语从句的语序有什么特点?(陈述句语序)不管原来的句子是陈述句，一般疑问句还是特殊疑问句，放在宾语从句里都是陈述句语序。
练习
Part 1 课堂练习
Mike gets up at seven in the morning.
He says that--- Mike gets up at seven in the morning
The teacher asks-- if Mike gets up at seven in the morning.
.The teacher asks what time--- Mike gets up in the morning.
我们已经了解了宾语从句的引导词和语序，下面我们来学习下宾语从句的时态。
(卡片，贴在上面时态的旁边)口诀：主现从任意 主过从过去 从真理用现在
? 主句用现在时，从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从任意”
初中英语定语从句教案
一、设计背景
1、 初步掌握及运用定语从句，如让学生用定语从句来完成对人物喜欢的人物进行描述，如I like music that I can dance to. She is the only one who’s studying French.等。
2、本课的学习任务就是能初步掌握及运用定语从句，为了使学生顺利地完成教学任务，教师以学生为主体，为学生设计了几个以他们的认知水平出发的符合生活实际的他们感兴趣的一环扣一环的子任务，每个子任务紧紧围绕总任务展开，再深入，在一个一个完成任务的活动中培养学生的能力。
二、教学目标
（1）语言目标：能用定语从句较自如地描述及谈论人和物。在活动中训练学生的听力，口头表达能力，培养学生的观察，想象和创造力。
（2）情感目标：促进同学间积极合作交流，发展同学间的友谊 。
2、教学方法：多媒体的运用能创设真实的语言情景，学生也很感兴趣，极大地鼓动了学生学习英语的积极性，而且呈现在课堂上能使教学更生活化，也更直观和具体。
三、教学方法
以学生为主体，用多媒体辅助教学，通过帮助学生理解、归纳、总结、讨论等方式学习定语从句，由于本节课是学生第一次系统学习定语从句，要达到让学生初步掌握定语从句这一目的。
四、学法指导、自主学习、合作学习
五、教学过程
第一环节： 观察以下例句：
1、The red pen is broken.
2、The pen on the desk is broken.
3、The pen that I bought yesterday is broken.
导入：通过对定语的理解，导入定语、定语从句的概念，定语：用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子，当修饰词是一个句子时被称为定语从句。通常置于它所修饰的词之后，这种被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等，关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。
例句分析：
I like to have friends who are like me.
I like to have friends who are different from me.
He is the only one who is studying French.
Be careful of the person who doesn’t speak and the dog that doesn’t bark.
You can’t wake up a person who pretends to sleep.
He who can’t get to the Great Wall is not a true man.
I like musicians who play different kinds of music.
Another that he found very difficult is grammar.
The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.
Being a professional athlete is the only thing that I have ever wanted to do.
I like music that I can sing along with.
I like music that has great lyrics.
I like music that I can dance to.
得出结论1)当先行词是物时
a. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that引导，且不能省略.
b. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that引导，且可以省略.
2)当先行词是人时
a. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that引导，且不能省略.
b. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that/whom引导，且可以省略.
第二环节：
在学生对定语从句有了初步的了解后，创设情境，学以致用，让学生分组活动，根据多媒体呈现的情境，有创造性地造句：
This is a singer who/that …
who is a boy.
who is very shy.
who writes his own songs.
who has a song called Qinghuaci.
Who I like best.
It’s an animal that/which is very strong.
It’s an animal that/which has long nose and big ears.
It’s an animal that/which I like very much.
第三环节：
在学生对一般的规律都把握好以后，把学生的易错点和定语从句的考点呈现在屏幕上，让学生仔细观察并作出总结，该环节设计得很好，很好地训练了学生的观察能力和主动探究的能力，效果较好。
仔细观察：你会发现什么？
1) I prefer shoes that are cool.
2) I like a pizza that is really delicious.
3) I love singers who are beautiful.
4) I have a friend who plays sports.
学生观察后得出的结论为：
who/that在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。
第四环节：小节本堂课的.内容
什么是定语 ？
什么是定语从句？
定语从句的结构是什么？
关系词有几重作用？
此环节让学生对所学的知识加以升华，并在大脑里形成知识框架，把知识系统化。
第五环节：巩固练习
以检查学生是否真正掌握本堂课的知识，实践证明，学生掌握得很好。
第六环节：合作探究
留给学生的问题
1、如果先行词既有人又有物，用什么关系词？
2、如果先行词是时间，用什么关系词？
3、如果先行词是地点，用什么关系词？
4、关系词whose怎么用？
通过此环节给学生留下思维拓展的空间，也为以后的学习做好铺垫，体现学习的延续性。
课堂小结：通过例子让学生总结定语从句的规律和特点，同时总结不同关系词的用法。在这节课中，学生对定语从句这一语法项目有了不同程度的巩固和深化。
六、课后反思：
优点：
本节课教学目标明确，条理清楚，板书设计合理，教学内容紧扣学生生活实际，学生在教师的引导下自主学习、合作学习，较好地归纳了定语从句的特殊用法，并能用定语从句写文章，完成了学习任务。
不足：
1、在引入部分没有充分引导学生把他们描述图片的简单句用关系词合并为定语从句。
2、最后一个环节用定语从句翻译文章时间安排不足，应多用二至三分钟的时间对学生的翻译进行进一步分析总结，让学生提出更多的修改意见。教学机智：本节课学生在归纳特殊用法时，提出了设计内容之外的规律，教师能给予肯定，并提出在下一教学环节进一步讨论。能够放手让学生发表不同的意见，并适时进行点播。
浅谈定语从句
浅谈定语从句_英语教学论文引导定语从句的有：关系代词who(whom, whose)，which, that和关系副词when, where, why等。例如：
The girl who had lunch with me yesterday is my girl friend.昨天与我共进午餐的那个女孩是我的女朋友。(girl是先行词，who是关系代词)
The book that(which)I am reading is very interesting.我正在看的这本书非常有趣。(book是先行词，that是关系代词)
现略谈一谈关系代词和关系副词的作用和用法，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，它们可以作定语从句的一个成分：
一、关系代词可以作定语从句的主语、宾语或定语。
1.who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语；whom是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语；whose是所有格，在定语从句中作定语。例如：
(1)This is Uncle Li who mended computers for us.这就是为我们修电脑的李叔叔。
The student who(that)is playing with a yoyo is only seven.正在玩溜溜球的那个学生仅仅七岁。
(2) This is the man(whom)I met in Australian last month.这就是我上个月在澳大利亚遇见的那个人。
The soldier whom you want to see has already come.你要见的那名士兵已经来了。
(3)There is nobody here whose name is Gu Jianfei.这儿没有名叫顾剑飞的人。
My aunt whose photo I showed you yesterday will come to see us this evening.我姨妈今晚要来看我们，她的照片昨天我给你看过。
2.which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：
(1)Take the pencil which is lying on the desk.把课桌上的那支铅笔拿去。
We visited the Jade Buddha Temple, which is in the northwestern part of Shanghai.我们参观了玉佛寺，它在上海西北边。
(2)The factory which we visited yesterday is very famous in the world.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是全球闻名的。
The money which they found in the street is mine.他们在街上找到的钱是我的。
3.that指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。指物时，它的'用法和which大致相同。例如：
(1)The comrade that you saw is a combat hero.你见到的那个同志是个战斗英雄。(that作宾语，指人)
Is this the pen that you were looking for?你要找的钢笔是这一支吗?(that作宾语，指物)
(2)The man that called me last night was killed this morning.昨夜给我打电话的那个人今早给人杀了。(that作主语，指人)
There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome.没有不能克服的困难。(that作主语，指物)
[注1]that和which都指事物时，一般可以通用。但在下列情况下必须用that，而不能用which:
1先行词为all，everything, nothing, something, anything, much little, few, none, the one等时。例如：
Say all(that)you know.把你知道的全部讲出来。
Is there anything(that)I can do for you now?现在需要我为你做点什么吗?
This book contains much little that is useful.这本书中有很多(没有多少)有用的东西。
I mean the one that was bought yesterday.我指的是昨天买的那个。
2先行词为数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时。例如：
This is the first film(that)I have seen since I came here.这是我到这里以来所看的第一部电影。
The last place they visited was the Summer Palace.他们最后参观的地方是颐和园。
Look at those presents. You can see the two that you gave me.看那些礼物，你能看见你送我的那两个吗?
3先行词被形容词的最高级或the very, the only等所修饰时。例如：
This is the biggest apple(that)I have ever eaten.这是我所吃到的苹果中最大的一个。
She is the very thief(that)the policeman is looking for.她就是警察正在寻找的那个小偷。
Mary is the only friend(that)I have in Australia.玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友。
4先行词中既有人又有物时。例如：Peter and his car that disappeared mysteriously in London in 1987 appeared mysteriously in New York in 1993.彼得和他的小轿车1987年在伦敦神秘地失踪，后来于1993年又神秘地出现在纽约。
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
5先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。例如：
This is a dictionary that will help you a lot.这是本对你很有帮助的字典。
Don’t cheat me. I’m no longer the boy that I was three years ago.别骗我了，我再也不是三年前的我了。
[注2]在下列情况下不宜用that:
1.关系代词前有介词时。例如：
This is the house in which I lived ten years ago.这就是我十年前住过的房子。
2.先行词本身是that时。例如：
What was that which he said?他说了些什么?
[注3]whom,which和that在定语从句中作宾语时，特别是在口语中，往往可以省略。例如：
The man(that)you got the news from is a friend of mine.告诉你这个消息的人是我的朋友。
Is that the car(which)you want to buy?那就是你所要买的汽车吗?
This is the little boy(whom)Comrade Li saved yesterday.这就是李同志昨天救的那个小男孩。
二、关系代词whom, which在定语从句里作介词的宾语时，介词一般放在先行词与关系代词之间。例如：
I want to make some friends from whom I can learn a lot.我想交几个朋友，从他们那儿我可以学许多东西。
但是，有时介词也可以放在宾语从句的后面，特别是在省略了关系代词时，介词必须放在定语从句的后面。例如：
The room which(that)we live in is very bright.
The room we live in is very bright.我们住的那间房间很明亮。
三、关系代词which有时指整个前面一句话。这时关系代词前面有逗号，定语从句是附加的说明；which的意思相当于and this。例如：
Tom said he didn’t know anything about Kate, which was a lie.汤姆说他对凯特的情况一无所知，这是撒谎。
The worker didn’t do any work，which made his boss very angry.那个工人什么活也没干，这令老板非常生气。
四、关系副词where, when和why在定语从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。
1.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语，相当于in等＋which。例如：
This is the workshop where(=in which)I work.这是我工作的车间。
A booking office is a place where(=in which)tickets are sold.售票处就是卖票的地方。
2.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
He came at a time when we needed help.他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来到了。
3.why指原因、理由，在定语从句中作原因状语。例如：
The reason(why)he changed his mind is not clear.他改变主意的原因尚不清楚。下面再略谈一谈限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主语的意思就会不完整或不明确。这种从句和主句之间不能用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句，只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然很清楚，它和主句之间常用逗号分开。试比较下列句子：
(1)I have a brother who is a doctor.我有一个当医生的兄弟。(意思是我还有其他兄弟)(限制性定语从句)
(2)I have a brother, who is a doctor.我有一个兄弟，是个医生。(意思是我只有一个兄弟)(非限制定语从句)
[注1]在非限制性定语从句里不宜用关系代词that。因此，凡是that所引导的定语从句，一般都是限制性定语从句。例如：
误：She gave me some flowers, that were very beautiful.
正：She gave me some flowers, which were very beautiful.(非限制性定语从句)
正：She gave me some flowers that(which)were very beautiful.(限制性定语从句)
[注2]非限制性定语从句在口语里很少用，尤其是在对话里，经常是采用简单句或并列句。例如：“I have a brother, who is a doctor.”这句话，在口语里总是说：“I have a brother; he is a doctor.”或说：“I have a brother, and he is a doctor.”
定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词；被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
☆ 关系代词和关系副词的选用取决于先行词及它们在定语从句中的语法成份
关系代词 先行词 在定语从句中充当的语法成份
Who 人 主语
Whom 人 宾语
Whose 人或物 定语
Which 物 主语或宾语
That 人或物 主语或宾语
关系副词 先行词 在定语从句中充当的语法成份
When 表时间的名词 时间状语
Where 表地点的名词 地点状语
Why 表原因的名词 原因状语
That用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”可作关系副词
1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
☆ 当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，可把关系代词省掉
2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
3 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错
This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时as和which代替的是整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。并且从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, (=and that)which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which (=and that) is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
☆ As还在以下几种结构中作关系代词引导定语从句
① the same as : He is just the same as he use to be.他还是和过去一样
② such…as : Such passengers as survived the explosing were drowned.象那些在爆炸中幸免遇难的乘客都被淹死了
③ as…as : As many as we found were taken to the hospital.我们找到多少就送到医院
☆关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5 介词+关系词 (介词前置：关系代词如果在定语从句中充当介词的宾语，可把介词前置到关系代词的前面，形成介词+关系代词的结构)
1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）如果关系代词是动词短语的宾语，动词短语的介词不能前置
错误用法：This is the girl of whom he will take care.
正确用法：This is the gril whom he will take care of
4）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
☆另外还应注意的是:
①way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that
I really don't like the way (that) he talks.
That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.
②of which起形容词的作用，相当于whose（用来指物）
They live in a house whose door (the door of which) opens to the south.
③相同的先行词在表示不同的含义时，要根据其含义用不同的介词。
I can't remember the age at which he won the prize.我记不起他获得奖金的年纪
That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness. 那正是人们生活在和平幸福的时期
age在前句中意为“年岁”，与at搭配，在后句中意为“时期”，与in搭配。
④先行词或定语从句中的动词、形容词要根据不同的具体语境选择适当的介词。 This is the bus on which the accident happened. 这是发交通意外的那辆巴士
This is the bus by which I came to this town. 这是我搭程去镇上的巴士
6 Which和that 的选用
1）当先行词是不定代词(everything , something , anything , littlt , much)时，只能用that
Is there anything that I can help you? 有什么我可以帮你的吗？
2)当先行词被序数词所修饰时，只能用that
This is the second book that was written by the writter. 这是那个作者写的第二本书
3)当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，只能用that
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影
4)当先行词前有限定词(or , every , a few , noly , some , very等)修饰时，只能用that
This is the only film that I wanted to see. 那正是我唯一想看的电影
5）在there be句型中，只用that，不用which
6）先行词既有人，又有物时，只能用that
5)当介词前置时，只能用which(P5-2)
6)在非限制定语从句，只能用which(并在前用 ，号与主句隔开)
7 But引导的定语从句相当于一个否定从句
There is no one but knows about the matter. 没有人不知道这事
8定语从句和同位语从句的区别
1）同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。
The news that l hove passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。）
The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 （定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）
2) 引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。）
The idea that he gave surprises many people． 他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。 （that在从句中作gave的宾语。）
定语从句练习
1易混易错定语从句练习
有些定语从句方面的题，如果不仔细审题、不弄清句意和句子结构，就很可能把一些似是而非的东西搞混，从而降低解题的准确性。要想解决这个问题就得从准确理解句意和理清句子结构入手。
1．①Who lives in the house ＿＿＿ windows face south？
② Who lives in the house ＿＿＿ the windows face south？
A．whose B．which C．of which D．that
解析：答案是①A②C。在句①中windows前没有定冠词，它所缺的是定语形容词，而whose的用法就是在定语从句中作定语且既可指人也可指物。在句②中windows前有定冠词，所以要填的内容不能作前置定语，又因为“房子的窗户”用英语表达是“the windows of the house”，故可用of which引导定语从句。
2．①Is this factory ＿＿＿ you visited last year？
②Is this the factory ＿＿＿＿＿＿you visited last year？ A．that B．of which C．the one D．wher
解析：答案是①C②A。在句①中factory前没有定冠词，这说明this是作它的定语。这样，句中就缺少表语，也就是说定语从句缺少先行词，故选C（the one后省略了that）。在句②中this作主语，the factory作表语，其后带一个that引导的定语从句，故选A
3．①John is the only one of the students who＿＿＿French．
②John is one of the students who ＿＿＿ French．
A．know B．knows C．knowing D．known
解析：答案是①B②A。在句①中的句意是“约翰是学生中唯一懂法语的那个学生”，其重心是the only one故从句谓语动词应与one一致。在句②中的句意是“约翰是懂法语的学生中的一个”，也就是“懂法语的学生不止一个，约翰只是其中之一”，其重心是the students，故从句中谓语动词应与students一致。
4．①When I have trouble，he is the only one ＿＿＿I can ask for help．
②When I have trouble，he is the only one ＿＿＿I can go for help．
A．whom B．to whom C．which D．to who
解析：答案是①A②B。句①中，在结构上所要添的内容在从句中作ask的宾语其句式是ask sb．for sth．，故用whom引导定语从句。在句②中，go是不及物动词其句式是go to sb．for sth．，故用to whom引导定语从句。
5．①This is the knife ＿＿＿I usually cut my pencil．
②This is the knife ＿＿＿I usually use to cut my pencil．
A．with which B．which C．by which D．with that
解析：答案是①A②B。在句①中，定语从句的句式是cut my pencil with the knife，故用with which引导定语从句。在句②中，定语从句的结构是use the knife to cut my pencil，故用which引导定语从句。
6．①Last summer he went to Beijing，＿＿＿ he had visited twice．
②Last summer he went to Beijing，＿＿＿ he visited a lot of places of interest．
A．which B．where C．that D．there
解析：答案是①A或B②B。在句①中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作visited的宾语，故应填关系代词which或that。在句②中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作地点状语，故应填关系副词where。 7．①He still remember the days ＿＿＿we spent together．
②He still remember the days ＿＿＿we spent the summer holidays together．
A．which B．when C．where D．that
解析：答案是①A②B。在句①中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作spent的宾语，故应填关系代词which。在句②中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作时间状语，故应填关系副词when。
8．①The reason ＿＿＿ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way．
②The reason ＿＿＿ he was late was thathis car broke down on the way．
A．why B．which C．how D．what
解析：答案是①B②A。在句①中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作gave的宾语，故应填关系代词which。在句②中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作原因状语，故应填关系副词why。
2高考真题练习
1. (’03北京24)York, ________ last year ,is a nice old city.
A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。是用关系代词或者是用关系副词引导定语从句，要根据他们在定语从句中的成份来确定，visit是及物动词，后面需要用关系代词作宾语，排除C，D。that 不用于非限制性定语从句中，排除A。答案为B。
2.(’03上海41)I can think of many cases _________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
【解析】 考查定语从句。此句的先行词是many cases，单看从句与先行词的关系应是：students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay in many cases.因此应用in which或where引导定语从句，备选答案中没有in which，于是选where。答案为D。
3. (’03上海44)There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _________ road conditions need_________.A. that ...to be improved B. which...to be improved C. where ...improving D .when...improving
【解析】 考查同位语从句。因为先行词在从句中不作任何成份，因此用关系词that，故B、C、D均不正确。对于第2个空，need既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词。作实义动词时后跟动词不定式，即need to do sth，另外 road conditions与improve之间是被动关系，因此是need to be improved(need to be done=need doing)。译文：私家车受欢迎所涉及到的新问题是道路状况需要改善。答案为A。
4.(’03北京春季31)We are living in an age ________ many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
【解析】 这是定语从句，先行词是age,表时间，所以用when引导。答案为D。
5.(’03安徽春季24)People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see _________he will do.
A. how B. what C. when D. that 【解析】 考查宾语从句。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作do的宾语。排除A、C、D。答案为B。
6.(’03上海春季32)_________ has been announced ,we shall have our final exams next month.
A. That B. As C. It D. What
【解析】 as引导定语从句表示“正如……”，并非某个名词或代词是先行词，而是整个主句所表达的内容是定语从句所修饰的。译文：正如所宣布的那样，下月我们将进行期末考试。答案为B。
7.(’02北京22)We will be shown around the city :schools ,museums ,and some other places, ________ other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when
【解析】 这是一个定语从句，先行词是places，表示地点，非限定性定语从句中缺少状语，因此用where来引导定语从句，故要填where。译文：我们被带领着参观了这座城市：学校、博物馆和其他一些游人很少去的地方。答案为C。 8.(’02上海31)Alec asked the policeman _______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom
【解析】 这是一个定语从句，the policeman是先行词。work是不及物动词，“work with sb”意为“与某人共事”，所以定语从句应为with whom he worked。译文：无论何时发生事故时，Alec要求与他一起工作的警察与他联系。答案为C。
9.(’02上海35)There's a feeling in me _______we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
【解析】 同位语从句that we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用不作从句的任何成分。译文：我有一个这样的感觉，我们不会知道什么是UFO--永远不会。答案为A。
10.(’02京、蒙、皖春季35)The famous basketball star, ______tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
【解析】 先行词是The famous basketball表示人，非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，因此要填who。who在定语从句中作主语。答案为D。
11.(’02上海春季35)Is this the reason _______at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
【解析】 the reason后接定语从句。因为先行词the reason作explained的宾语，用that或which引导定语从句在从句中作宾语时省略。译文：这就是他在会议上对他为什么在工作上粗心大意的理由所作的解释吗?答案为A。
12.(’01全国22)The film brought the hours back to me_________I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
【解析】 when引导定语从句(the hours的定语)，修饰先行词the hours,when在从句中作状语。译文：这部电影使我回忆起我在那偏远的村庄得到无微不至的照顾的时光。答案为C。
13.(’01上海35)Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as
【解析】 这是一个同位语从句。that引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。注意：that和what引导名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句)的区别：that引导名词性从句，只起引导作用，在从句中不作成分。that引导宾语从句时，that可省略，而在其他三个从句中，that虽不作成份，一般也不省略；what在这四个名词从句中一定作成分，作主语、宾语、表语或补语。译文：有消息说，更多的中学毕业生将进入大学。答案为B。
14.(’01上海37)He's got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
【解析】 这是一个定语从句。先行词是a dangerous situation。因为situation的意思是“位置”，所以要填where。译文：他已陷入飞机似乎失去控制的危险境地。答案为A。
15.(’01京、蒙、皖春季11)John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ______was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
【解析】 考查非限定性定语从句。which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰整个主句所表达的内容。答案为C。
16.(’01上海春季30)Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ________leading actor is world famous?
A. its B. it's C. whose D. which
【解析】 这是一个定语从句，因为先行词the film “Titanic”和leading actors是所属关系，所以要填写whose。答案选C。
17.(’00全国17题)Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _________,of course , made the others unhappy. A．who B．which C．this D．what
【解析】 这是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代Dorothy夸大自己在剧中角色的作用这件事。答案选B。
18.(’00上海28)Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
【解析】 这是一个非限定性定语从句。根据句意可知是花瓶的价格。在定语从句中表示“谁的”，可以这样表达，如：I live in the room whose windows face south(名词前没有冠词，用whose)=I live in the room the windows of which face south(如果名词前有冠词就用of which)，答案为B。
19.(’00上海30)She found her calculator ________ she lost it.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
【解析】 这是一个地点状语从句，意思是“东西是在丢的地方找到的。”in which用于定语从句中，其前必须有先行词。这个句子中没有先行词，所以不能填in which。答案为A。
20.(’00上海35)Greenland, ________island in the world, covers over two million square kilometres.
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D.the largest
【解析】 有些考生把这个句子理解成了定语从句，误选了选项B。如果这是非限制性定语从句，必须用关系代词which引导，而不用that，即which is the largest islad in the world。实际上，the largest island in the world作Greenland的同位语。答案选D。
21.(’00京、皖春季10)The result of the experiment was very good, ________we hadn't expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what 【解析】 这是一个非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作hadn't expected的宾语。这句话的意思是“实验的结果很好，是没有预想到的”。答案选C。
22.(’00京、皖春季16)It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when 【解析】 根据句子的结构可以排除that和which。再根据所提供的情境It was an exciting moment可以看出是一个时间状语从句。注意：while的意思是during the time that表示一段时间内；when的意思是of that time that表示某个时刻，与an exciting moment相对应。这句话的意思是“当他们的队首次进入世界杯时，对于这些足球迷来说是今年的一个令人激动的时刻”。答案为D。
23.(’99年全国19)Carol said the work would be done by October, ________personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which 【解析】 在这个非限制性定语从句中，关系代词which代替Carol所说的话。这句话的意思是“Carol说工作将在十月完成，我个人对此表示怀疑。”答案选D。
★ 定语从句
★ 定语从句课件
★ 定语从句考试题
★ 定语从句教案
★ 定语从句总结表格
★ 中考定语从句教案
★ 定语从句翻译句子
