以下是小编帮大家整理的关系代词引导的定语从句(共含8篇),供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到您。同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“阿脆”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用,例如:
there are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
beijing is the place where (in which) i was born. 北京是我的出生地。
is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
his father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
he is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
1.大学英语六级语法基础:关系代词
2.大学英语六级语法基础知识:关系代词
3.英语六级语法讲解
4.英语六级语法常考知识讲解
5.英语六级语法必备之主谓倒装
6.英语六级语法复习:倒装结构
7.英语六级翻译中的定语和状语位置
8.12月英语六级名词性从句复习
9.让步状语从句讲解英语六级
10.6月英语六级基础语法知识:alive
引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)as多与such或the same连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
(2)as 也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which。例如:
The elephant’s nose is like a snake,as anybody can see.
(3)the same…that与the same…as在意思上是不同的。
英语教案-as引导定语从句扫描
As 引导定语从句扫描
在定语从句中,一般的从句关系代词是which、who、whom、that、 whose, 其代替主句中的人或物,在从句中做主语、宾语或定语。而学生在学习过程中,常会遇到as作为关系代词出现,做起题来,无从下手,就此笔者对as作为关系代词引导定语从句的情况做一归纳, 以供参考.
一、as引导限制性定语从句
主要结构有:
the same…as
as…as
such…as
so…as
主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词,需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
1. It’s the same person as we wanted to find yesterday .
我们昨天要找的是同一个人。
2. Such girls as he knows are good at English .
他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。
3. Do you have such books as we like ?
你有我们喜欢那种书吗?
4. She will marry as healthy a man as she can find .
她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。
5. There is so warm a house as we want to live in .
这里有如此暖和的房子,我们都想住在里面。
6. He has so difficult a problem , as none of us can solve .
他有如此难的一个问题,我们没有人能解决。
二、引导非限制性定语从句
⑴ as引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句内容,从句可置于句首,句中或句尾
1. As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history .
每个人都知道,中国是一个有着悠久历史的`美丽国家。
2. The earth , as we know , moves round the sun .
地球,我们都知道,围着太阳转。
3. Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as we all know.
汤母工作努力,并且乐于助人,这一点我们都知道。
⑵ 非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时,常用as做主语
be said/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed
1. Grammar , as has been said before, is not a set of dead rules.
语法,就像以前所说,不是一套死规则。
2. As is known to all , TaiWan is part of China .
⑶ as引导非限制性定语从句,有“如,似,正像”的含义,因此,下列句式多用as
as has been said above
如上所说
as anybody can see
正像每个人所看到的那样
as we had expected
正如我们所预料的那样
1. Things are not always as they appear.
事情并不一直像他们表面那样。
2. The boy has as much progress as we had expected.
正像我们所预料的那样,这个男孩取得了大的进步。
as引导的定语从句课件
as引导非限制性定语从句,常指主句所表达的整个事情,可置句首、句中、句末。
as 作为关系代词和关系副词可以引导定语从句。
1 such……as…… “像…………一样的”,“像…………之类” the same……as…… “和…………同样的”
在这两个句型中,as 是关系代词,其中such 和same 作定语,修饰
主句里的某个名词(或代词),这个名词是as 引导的定语从句的先行词,
as 在从句中可担任主语、宾语和表语。
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
(as 作主语)
我们找到了(像)他们厂里用的那种材料。
Such people as you describe are short nowadays. (as 在从
句中作宾语)
你描绘的这种人现在已很少了。
He is not the same man as he was. (as 在从句中作表语)
他和过去不同了。
This is the same thing as we are in need of. (as 在从句中
作宾语)
这东西和我们所需要的东西是一样的。
2 ……such as……
such 为代词,意思为“这样的人或物”,as 在从句中担任成分,修
饰先行词such。
This book is not such as I expect.(as 在从句中作宾语)
这不是一本我所希望的书。
He told me of his experience such as I had never hadbefore.
(as 在从句中作宾语)
他给我讲了他的经验,我从来没有那种经验。
I have not many, but I will send you such as I have.
我有的不多,但我愿把我所有的都送给你。
3 the same……as……
同一个…………
the same……that……
as 和that 都引导的是定语从句,所表达的意思相近或相同,但从句
中省去谓语时必须用as 代替that。
He works in the same shop as /that I do.
他和我在同一个车间干活儿。
She is the same age as you.
She is the same age that you.……(×)
她和你同年。
He uses the same books as you.
=He used the same book that/as you do.
他和你用的'书是一样的。
注意
所指的是不同一个,必须另加词句。
这支钢笔就是我丢掉的那一支。 (指同一支笔)
This is the same kind (type, sort)of pen as I lost.
这支钢笔跟我丢掉的一模一样。 (但并不是原来的那一支。)
She wears the same clothes as the did last Sunday.
她穿的就是她上周日穿的那件衣服。 (同一件)
She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister does.
她穿的衣服和她姐姐(妹妹)穿的完全一样。 (但不是同一件,是同一类型)
4 ……,as ……有些
有些as 引导的定语从句已成为一些固定用法,如aswe know(正如我们所知道的)。
as 代表整个句子的内容,引导非限定性定语从句,它的先行词可以
是名词,也可以是不定式短语或整个句子,as 在从句中担任成分:主语、
宾语和表语,相当于which 引导的非限定性定语从句,有时两者可互换。
The teacher is from Beijing, as/which they know from hisaccent.
他们从老师的口语中就知道他是北京人。
As everybody can see, great changes have taken place in China.
(正如大家所能看到的)大家都看得出,中国已发生了巨大的变化。
注意
as 引导的定语从句位置灵活,可放在句首、句尾(可放在主句之前或之后)。which 引导的非限定性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
定语从句关系复词课件
1. 关系副词VS关系代词
先来看一看关系副词和我们熟知的关系代词有什么关联。
以where为例,首先问大家一个问题,where是什么意思呢?“哪儿!”你肯定会毫不犹豫的给出这个答案,然后躲到电脑后,偷笑栗子问的问题太弱。其实不然。我们换个问题“Where are you?”翻译成中文是“你哪儿?”还是“你在哪儿?”我想这次应该大家会毫不犹豫的选后者吧!没错,where确切翻译应该是“在哪儿”,所以见到“Where did Tom live?”时,我们的答案是“Tom lived in Beijing.”而非“Tom lived Beijing.”
接下来回到正题,我们通过以下的等式替换来看看关系副词和关系代词的关系吧。首先有两个简单句:
We visited the city center. Tom lived in the city center.
针对这两个简单句我们做两个设计:
1)把他们合并成一个由which引导的定语从句,不难得出是:We visited the city center in which Tom lived.
定语从句中which指代的正是city center,即which=the city center.
2)再针对第二个简单句提一个问题:
Where did Tom live?
因为where是“在哪儿”所以它对应的`答案是“in the city”而非“the city”,即where=in the city
综合以上两点which=the city center,where= in the city center,显而易见where=in which,也就是说,关系副词=介词+关系代词。所以该定语从句可以换种写法就是:We visited the city where Tom lived.因为where在定语从句中指代是地点状语,所以属于关系副词。相应的when指代时间状语、why指代原因状语。
2. 关系副词用法的解题技巧:
见到时间词关系词一定用when吗?未必!做题时切记一个原则:缺什么补什么。试比较以下两道题:
1) The days are gone______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(天津)
2) The days ____ I spent in the village were full of adventure.
A. when B. where C. which
第一道虽说是一个经典的高考题,但我们初中听说读写拔高上的不少小学霸都问过我这一道题。首先,必须承认这题比较有难度:从句子结构上看主干即The days are gone (那些日子已经结束了),后面紧跟的是一个定语从句,用来修饰主语The days的,只是因为定语从句太长放在句首会显得整体头重脚轻,所以放在了句尾和先行词分割开来。然后我们需要做的就是判断先行词在定语从句中所作的成分了。从句主系表齐全,是个相对完成的句子,所以the days只能加上介词在从句中只能做时间状语,所以横线上填when,或者根据我们解决掉的第一个问题填上during which也可以。
再看第二道,从句是I spent in the village,谓语spent缺少宾语,the days正是spent的宾语,所以不能填when,只能填which或that。
总的来说就是:做定语从句题目时,一定要看清从句中缺什么成分,或者看先行词在从句中能做什么成分,只有在做状语时才能够选关系副词。我们再来练一组题目:
1)This is the school _________my grandpa founded.
2)This is the school _________ my grandpa found his love.
第一题从句中founded是及物动词“建立”,缺少了宾语,所以只能填关系代词which或that;第二题从句中found“找到”有自己的宾语,从句主谓宾齐全,所以先行词school只能加上介词充当状语成分,因为school是地点,所以只能填where了。
3. 关于where的特殊用法:
定语从句中where的使用已经不仅仅限于具体的地点,在一些模糊的地点名词后也要使用where,比如:family, point, case, stage, job, society, situation, circumstances等。
看一个题目:
Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers____consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(江西)
A. where B. when C. who D. which
本题同样是一道经典的高考题目,首先要能够分析出句子结构,找出先行词。本句和之前见到的一个题目一样,横线后的定语从句本来是修饰cases的,同样因为放前面头重脚轻移到了后面,句子意思是“晚些在这个单元里,有一些由消费者的抱怨引发法律更改的案例会被介绍给读者。”正确答案应该选A,cases相当于一个抽象地点,where在这里等于in the cases(在这些案例中)。
练习:
All the neighbors admire this family___ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. whose
综上,我们在学习定语从句中关系副词的用法时一定要注意到以下几点:
1. 关系副词=介词+关系代词
2. 选关系词的宗旨是:看从句缺什么句子成分,缺什么补什么;when指代时间状语,where指代地点状语,why指代原因状语。
3. where的抽象化先行词有:family, point, case, stage, job, society, situation, circumstances等。
浅谈定语从句
浅谈定语从句_英语教学论文引导定语从句的有:关系代词who(whom, whose),which, that和关系副词when, where, why等。例如:
The girl who had lunch with me yesterday is my girl friend.昨天与我共进午餐的那个女孩是我的女朋友。(girl是先行词,who是关系代词)
The book that(which)I am reading is very interesting.我正在看的这本书非常有趣。(book是先行词,that是关系代词)
现略谈一谈关系代词和关系副词的作用和用法,引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用,它们可以作定语从句的一个成分:
一、关系代词可以作定语从句的主语、宾语或定语。
1.who指人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语;whom是宾格,在定语从句中作宾语;whose是所有格,在定语从句中作定语。例如:
(1)This is Uncle Li who mended computers for us.这就是为我们修电脑的李叔叔。
The student who(that)is playing with a yoyo is only seven.正在玩溜溜球的那个学生仅仅七岁。
(2) This is the man(whom)I met in Australian last month.这就是我上个月在澳大利亚遇见的那个人。
The soldier whom you want to see has already come.你要见的那名士兵已经来了。
(3)There is nobody here whose name is Gu Jianfei.这儿没有名叫顾剑飞的人。
My aunt whose photo I showed you yesterday will come to see us this evening.我姨妈今晚要来看我们,她的照片昨天我给你看过。
2.which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
(1)Take the pencil which is lying on the desk.把课桌上的那支铅笔拿去。
We visited the Jade Buddha Temple, which is in the northwestern part of Shanghai.我们参观了玉佛寺,它在上海西北边。
(2)The factory which we visited yesterday is very famous in the world.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是全球闻名的。
The money which they found in the street is mine.他们在街上找到的钱是我的。
3.that指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。指物时,它的'用法和which大致相同。例如:
(1)The comrade that you saw is a combat hero.你见到的那个同志是个战斗英雄。(that作宾语,指人)
Is this the pen that you were looking for?你要找的钢笔是这一支吗?(that作宾语,指物)
(2)The man that called me last night was killed this morning.昨夜给我打电话的那个人今早给人杀了。(that作主语,指人)
There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome.没有不能克服的困难。(that作主语,指物)
[注1]that和which都指事物时,一般可以通用。但在下列情况下必须用that,而不能用which:
1先行词为all,everything, nothing, something, anything, much little, few, none, the one等时。例如:
Say all(that)you know.把你知道的全部讲出来。
Is there anything(that)I can do for you now?现在需要我为你做点什么吗?
This book contains much little that is useful.这本书中有很多(没有多少)有用的东西。
I mean the one that was bought yesterday.我指的是昨天买的那个。
2先行词为数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时。例如:
This is the first film(that)I have seen since I came here.这是我到这里以来所看的第一部电影。
The last place they visited was the Summer Palace.他们最后参观的地方是颐和园。
Look at those presents. You can see the two that you gave me.看那些礼物,你能看见你送我的那两个吗?
3先行词被形容词的最高级或the very, the only等所修饰时。例如:
This is the biggest apple(that)I have ever eaten.这是我所吃到的苹果中最大的一个。
She is the very thief(that)the policeman is looking for.她就是警察正在寻找的那个小偷。
Mary is the only friend(that)I have in Australia.玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友。
4先行词中既有人又有物时。例如:Peter and his car that disappeared mysteriously in London in 1987 appeared mysteriously in New York in 1993.彼得和他的小轿车1987年在伦敦神秘地失踪,后来于1993年又神秘地出现在纽约。
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
5先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时。例如:
This is a dictionary that will help you a lot.这是本对你很有帮助的字典。
Don’t cheat me. I’m no longer the boy that I was three years ago.别骗我了,我再也不是三年前的我了。
[注2]在下列情况下不宜用that:
1.关系代词前有介词时。例如:
This is the house in which I lived ten years ago.这就是我十年前住过的房子。
2.先行词本身是that时。例如:
What was that which he said?他说了些什么?
[注3]whom,which和that在定语从句中作宾语时,特别是在口语中,往往可以省略。例如:
The man(that)you got the news from is a friend of mine.告诉你这个消息的人是我的朋友。
Is that the car(which)you want to buy?那就是你所要买的汽车吗?
This is the little boy(whom)Comrade Li saved yesterday.这就是李同志昨天救的那个小男孩。
二、关系代词whom, which在定语从句里作介词的宾语时,介词一般放在先行词与关系代词之间。例如:
I want to make some friends from whom I can learn a lot.我想交几个朋友,从他们那儿我可以学许多东西。
但是,有时介词也可以放在宾语从句的后面,特别是在省略了关系代词时,介词必须放在定语从句的后面。例如:
The room which(that)we live in is very bright.
The room we live in is very bright.我们住的那间房间很明亮。
三、关系代词which有时指整个前面一句话。这时关系代词前面有逗号,定语从句是附加的说明;which的意思相当于and this。例如:
Tom said he didn’t know anything about Kate, which was a lie.汤姆说他对凯特的情况一无所知,这是撒谎。
The worker didn’t do any work,which made his boss very angry.那个工人什么活也没干,这令老板非常生气。
四、关系副词where, when和why在定语从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。
1.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语,相当于in等+which。例如:
This is the workshop where(=in which)I work.这是我工作的车间。
A booking office is a place where(=in which)tickets are sold.售票处就是卖票的地方。
2.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
He came at a time when we needed help.他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来到了。
3.why指原因、理由,在定语从句中作原因状语。例如:
The reason(why)he changed his mind is not clear.他改变主意的原因尚不清楚。下面再略谈一谈限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去,主语的意思就会不完整或不明确。这种从句和主句之间不能用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句,只是对先行词的附加说明,如果省去,主句的意思仍然很清楚,它和主句之间常用逗号分开。试比较下列句子:
(1)I have a brother who is a doctor.我有一个当医生的兄弟。(意思是我还有其他兄弟)(限制性定语从句)
(2)I have a brother, who is a doctor.我有一个兄弟,是个医生。(意思是我只有一个兄弟)(非限制定语从句)
[注1]在非限制性定语从句里不宜用关系代词that。因此,凡是that所引导的定语从句,一般都是限制性定语从句。例如:
误:She gave me some flowers, that were very beautiful.
正:She gave me some flowers, which were very beautiful.(非限制性定语从句)
正:She gave me some flowers that(which)were very beautiful.(限制性定语从句)
[注2]非限制性定语从句在口语里很少用,尤其是在对话里,经常是采用简单句或并列句。例如:“I have a brother, who is a doctor.”这句话,在口语里总是说:“I have a brother; he is a doctor.”或说:“I have a brother, and he is a doctor.”
定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
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