以下是小编帮大家整理的英语高考语法关系代词解析(共含7篇),仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“微微微甜”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
The relative pronouns are:
关系代词有:
We use who and whom for people, and which for things.
我们用who和whom指代人,用which指代物品。
Or we can use that for people or things.
或者可以用that指人或物。
We use relative pronouns:
下列情况中我们使用关系代词:
after a noun, to make it clear which person or thing we are talking about:
在名词后加关系代词,用于指明我们所谈论的人或物:
the house that Jack built
the woman who discovered radium
an eight-year-old boy who attempted to rob a sweet shop
in relative clauses to tell us more about a person or thing:
在关系从句中提供关于某人或某物更多的信息:
My mother, who was born overseas, has always been a great traveller.
Lord Thompson, who is 76, has just retired.
We had fish and chips, which is my favourite meal.
But we do not use that as a subject in relative clauses.
We use whose as the possessive form of who:
我们用whose表明所有权:
This is George, whose brother went to school with me.
We sometimes use whom as the object of a verb or preposition:
有时用whom作为一个动词或介词的宾语:
This is George, whom you met at our house last year.
This is George’s brother, with whom I went to school.
But nowadays we normally use who:
但今天我们通常用who:
This is George, who you met at our house last year.
This is George’s brother, who I went to school with.
When whom or which have a preposition the preposition can come at the beginning of the clause...
当用whom和which有介词时,介词可以前置:
I had an uncle in Germany, from who[m] I inherited a bit of money.
We bought a chainsaw, with which we cut up all the wood.
… or at the end of the clause:
或者是放在句子最后:
I had an uncle in Germany who[m] I inherited a bit of money from.
We bought a chainsaw, which we cut all the wood up with.
We can use that at the beginning of the clause:
也可以将that放在句子开头:
I had an uncle in Germany, that I inherited a bit of money from.
We bought a chainsaw, that we cut all the wood up with.
初中英语疑问代词语法解析
1.疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:
指人: who, whom, whose
指物: what
既可指人又可指物: which
2.疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较:
疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk?桌上的书是谁的?
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?
限定词:Whose books are these on the desk?桌上的书是谁的'?
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?
说明1:
无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘?
What girls do you like best?
你喜欢什么样的姑娘?
说明2:
Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)
说明3:
疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如:
For what do most people live and work?
大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)
What are you looking for?
你在找什么?(现代英语)
说明4:
疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:
I can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。
中考英语代词语法经典例题答案及解析
代词语法经典例题
1.John sits among ______.A you, me and Mary B Mary, you and IC you, Mary and me D you, Mary and I
2.__________ performed the play very well.A The both children B They both C Both two boys D Both they
3.Dont worry. There is __________with you.A anything wrong B something wrongC nothing wrong D wrong something
4.Miss Brown will teach __________ English next term.A us B we C our D ours
5.Merry Christmas, George! Here is a card for _________, with __________ best wishes.A you...our B us...yourC you...your D us...our
6.There are many high rises on __________ side of Huaihai Road. What a magnificent view!A either B neitherC both D all
7.The boy received _______ education that he__________ hardly write his own name.A such littlecould B so littlecouldC so fewcouldnt D such fewcouldnt
8. Whats in your ________ hand.A the other B other C another D one
9.The small village is too far away. __________ people have been there.A A few B A little C Few D Little
10.We found ________ important to relax ourselves.A that B its C it D this
答案及解析
1【解析】答案是C。人称代词并列使用时,如人称代词是复数,其排列顺序与汉语顺序一样。如果人称代词是单数,则排列顺序为第二人称、第三人称、第一人称。即you and he;you and I;he and I.此句中由于among是介词,所以代词用宾语形式,故选C。
2【解析】答案是B。both是一个多词性的单词,它可以是形容词、副词也可以是代词。There are trees on both sides of the river.此句中它是形容词;He is both a singer and an actor.此句中它是副词;Both of us want to go shopping.此句中它是代词。both作为代词使用,前面不能加the,也不能放在所指代词前面。因此,A和D不对,选项C中有both又有two,意思重复,也不对。因此选B。
3【解析】答案是C。当形容词修饰something,angthing,nothing等复合不定代词时,其位置须放在不定代词之后。故D被排除,而陈述句中不可用anything,又可以排除A。根据前句Dont worry意思,可以推断nothing wrong with you,故选C。
4【解析】答案是A。teach sb sth是一个常用语,sb作teach的间接宾语,故选A。
5【解析】答案是A。根据句意所要表达的向George祝愿圣诞快乐,并带着我们的祝福送你一张卡。介词for后接宾语,best wishes前用形容词物主代词our,所以选A。
6【解析】答案是A。因为either是单数,可以排除C,D。A答案中on either side of表达路的'任何一边都有高楼,景观是多么的壮丽,意思完全正确。而B答案则表达路的两边完全没有高楼,很明显意思不对。
7【解析】答案是B。education是不可数名词,只能用little 修饰。故排除C,D。so后面修饰形容词,such后面修饰名词。但是如果名词前有little,few,many,much修饰并表示数量多少时用so,故本题选B。
8【解析】答案是B。此句表达:你的另一只手里面有什么?手一共有两只,一只,另一只的表达是onethe other,但在your后面不要the。因此选B。
9【解析】答案是C。people是可数名词,而little/a little 修饰不可数名词。故排除B,D。根据题意小山村太远,因此很少人去过那儿,A few意思有几个,few意思几乎没人,所以根据答案选C。
10【解析】答案是C。此句it是形式宾语,真正宾语是动词不定式to relax ourselves。
1.指人的关系代词:who, whom, whose, that 的用法:
(1)作主语(who, that )
Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch. 那些参加比赛的人午饭后1:30在大门口集合。
在本句中,先行词是those;关系代词who引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词are going to play 的主语。
The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor. 正在和王先生说话的那个人是一个有名的医生。
在本句中,先行词是the man;关系代词who/that引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词is talking的主语。
这个复合句可以还原成两个句子:The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.
(2)作宾语包括作介词宾语(whom, that )。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略;
This is just the man(whom/that) I want for the job.这正是我要的做这份工作的人。
在本句中,先行词是the man;关系代词whom/that 引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词want 的宾语。
(3)当关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语时,不能用that,也不能省略,
如:The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.
我从中得到许多有用信息的那本书是一位著名科学家写的。
但是当介词放在从句末尾时,作为介词宾语的关系代词可以用that 并且可以省略。
如上头两句可改为:
The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist.
2.指物的关系代词which和that的用法:
(1)作主语
This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the computer. 这是那本教你如何操作计算机的说明手册。
(2)作宾语包括作介词宾馆。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略:
The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。
The accounts of the company, (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.
我一直非常注意的公司账目,是保持平衡的。
3.whose 和of which 指代人或事物,作定语。
of which 可用whose 代替; The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father’s.
那辆所有的灯都破了的汽车是我父亲的。
That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was broken. 这就是那本封皮破了的书。
4.关系代词的格应与它在从句中充当的成分一致。
特别要注意插入语,
如:Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那个人人都认为不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入语) At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable. 在选举的时候我投了我认为最合适的那个人的票。
5.关系代词作从句的主语时,从句的动词必须和先行词的人称和数一致
例:These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。 这就是用英文写成的使用说明。
6.非限定性定语从句不用that,只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物
例:Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。 她的兄弟们两个人都在美国工作每个星期都给她打电话。
7.关系副词(=介词+关系代词)
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 说明 when(=at / on / in /during which),非正式文体中,有时用that代替关系副词
where(=in / at which) 地点名词 地点状语
why=(for which) 只有reason 原因状语
例:I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met. 我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
1.关于大学英语六级语法常考知识讲解
2.大学英语六级语法练习题
3.大学英语六级语法常考知识讲解
4.大学英语六级常考单词语法讲解
5.大学英语六级语法重点
6.6月英语六级基础语法知识:alive
7.英语六级基础语法知识
8.20英语六级基础语法知识:besides
9.大学英语六级语法讲解之基数词和序数词
10.月大学英语六级语法模拟题及答案
(1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。)
(2) 关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物,见表:
限定性 非限定性 限定性
指 人 指 物 指人或指物
主 格 who which that
宾 格 whom that that
属 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose
例如:
This is the pencil whose point is broken.
这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。
(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例如:
He said he saw me there, which was a lie.
他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。
说明: 关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略, 例如:
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.
我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了。
He's changed. He's not the man he was.
他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。
疑问代词(Interrogative Pronouns)——
who、whom、whose、what、which
它们的具体用法如下:
1、疑问代词用于句首,构成特殊疑问句,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。例如:
Who broke the window just now?
刚才是谁把窗户打破的?
这里“who”作主语。
Who is the boy in white?
那个穿白衣服的男孩是谁?
这里“who”作表语。
Whom are you talking to?
你在跟谁说话?
这里“whom”作宾语。
Whose bike is that?
那是谁的自行车?
这里“whose”作定语。
What is this?
这是什么?
这里“what”作表语。
What are you looking for?
你在找什么?
这里“what”作宾语。
What time is it?
几点了?
这里“what”作定语。
Which is your favorite subject?
你最喜欢哪个科目?
这里“which”作表语。
Which boy do you like better?
你更喜欢哪个男孩?
这里“which”作定语。
2、疑问代词可用于引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)。例如:
What we should do depends on you.
我们该做什么取决于你。
这里“what”引导的是主语从句。
No one knows what will happen next.
谁也不知道接下来会发生什么事。
这里“what”引导的是宾语从句。
This is what we can do now.
这就是我们现在能做的。
这里“what”引导的是表语从句。
Who broke the window is still unknown.
是谁打破了玻璃还不知道。
这里“who”引导的是主语从句。
I don’t know who you are looking for.
我不知道你在找谁。
这里“who”引导的是宾语从句。
Do you know whose is the dress on the chair?
你知道椅子上的裙子是谁的吗?
这里“whose”引导的是宾语从句。
值得一提的是:
“whom”是“who”的宾格,在比较正式的书面语中用作动词或介词的宾语,例如:
Whom did they invite?
他们邀请谁了?
With whom did you go?
你是和谁一起去的?
日常口语中,我们一般用“who”代替“whom”,但用作介词宾语位于句首时,只能用“whom”,例如:
Whom did you see at the party?
你在聚会中看见谁了?
可以说:Who did you see at the party?
To whom did you write to?
你给谁写信了?
不能说:To who did you write to?
不过可以这样说:Who did you write to?
公众号: 你莫愁英语语法
英语代词的语法基础
代词它们指人称和事物 ,但又不说出他们的名字,所以叫做人称代词。
代词的分类:
代词可分为八类,他们是:
1) 人称代词 5) 疑问代词
2) 物主代词 6) 连接代词
3) 指示代词 7) 关系代词
4) 反身代词 8) 不定代词
代词的用法:
1) 人称代词:
表示 “ 我,你,他,我们,你们,他们等 ” 的词叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称,数和格之分。
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he,she,it his,her,it they them
人称代词可用作主语,表语,宾语以及介词的宾语。
I am a worker, I work in the factory.
我是一个工人,我在工厂工作。
You are a good teacher.
你是一位优秀教师。
She is a little girl.
她是一个小女孩。
It's a heavy box, I can't carry it.
这是一个重盒子,我搬不动。
It's me. Open the door quickly.
是我, 快开门。
Don't tell him about it.
不要告诉他这件事情。
She is always ready to help us.
她随时都在准备帮助我们。
Our teacher is very strict with us.
我们的老师对我们很严格。
人称代词中几个注意的情况:
第一人称单数代词 “ I(我)” 不论在什么地方都要大写。
I study English every day.
我天天学习英语。
“ we ” 常常代替“ I ”表示一种同读者,听众或观众之间的亲密关系。
We shall1 do our best to help the poor.
我们将尽全力帮助贫困者。
“ she ”常常代替国家, 城市, 宠物等,表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。
I live in China。 She is a great country.
我住在中国。 她是一个伟大的国家。
“ it ” 有时也可指人。
It's me. Open the door, please.
是我,请开门。
“ they ” 有时代替一般人.
They say you are good at computer.
他们说你精通计算机。
2) 物主代词:
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。列表如下。
形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
单数复数 单数 复数
第一人称 myour mineours
第二人称yourour yours yours
第三人称 his,her,its their his, hers,its theirs
形容词性物主代词可用作定语,例如:
I love my country.
我热爱我的国家。
Is this your car?
这是你的汽车吗?
Some one is looking for you, his name is Tom.
有人找你,他的名字是汤姆。
名词性的物主代词可用作主语,宾语,表语以及与“of” 连接的定语。
Li Hua's bike is red, and yours is green.
李华的自行车是红色的,而你的是绿色的。
That car is mine, not yours.
那辆汽车是我的,不是你的。
These books are ours.
这些书是我们的。
Whose bag is it? It's hers.
这是谁的书包? 是她的。
Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street.
昨天我在街上碰见了我的一位朋友。
反身代词:
表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。反身代词第一, 二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 “-self2 ” (复数加 -selves3 )
构成。 第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加 - self (复数加 - selves ) 构成。
单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself themselves
( herself, itself )
反身代词的用法:
反身代词可用作宾语,表语,主语的同位语和宾语的同位语。用作同位语时表示强调“本人,自己”。
I am teaching4 myself computer.
我自学计算机。
Take good care of yourself.
把自己照顾好。
The child himself drew this picture.
孩子自己画的这张画。
You should ask the children themselves.
你应该问一问孩子们自己。
指示代词:
表示这个,那个,这些,那些以及it, such, same等词叫做指示代词。指示代词在句中作主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语。
That is a red car.
那是一辆红色汽车。
What do you like? I like this.
你喜欢什么? 我喜欢这个。
I should say I know that.
我应该说我知道这件事情。
指示代词的用法:
this 和 these 表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。
This is a book.
这是一本书。
These are cars.
这些是汽车。
I am busy these days.
我这些日子很忙。
that 和those 表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。
That is not a room.
那不是一间房间。
Those are threes.
那些是树。
that 和those 还可以指前文中的事物, this 和 these 指下文中将要讲到的事物。他们起一种承上或启下的作用。
I got up late, that's why I missed the bus.
我起床迟了,这就是为什么我没赶上汽车。
疑问代词 :
表示“谁(who),谁 (whom),谁的(whose),什么(what), 哪个或哪些 (which)”等词叫疑问代词。
疑问代词的用法:
疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,疑问代词一般放在句子的最前面,在句中可用作主语,宾语,表语,定语。
Who is here just now?
刚才谁来这儿?
Whom are you looking for?
你在找谁?
Whose exercise-book is this?
这是谁的练习本?
What is this?
这是什么?
Which one do you like, this one or that one?
你喜欢哪一个,这个还是那个?
疑问代词还可以引导一个间接疑问句,也就是一个从句。疑问代词在句中可用作从句的主语,宾语,表语等成分。
What we should do is still unknown5.
我们该干什么仍然还不知道。
I know whom he is looking for.
我知道他在找谁。
关系代词:
关系代词是一种引导从句起连接主句和从句的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。
This is the students whose name is Wang Hua.
这就是名叫王华的学生。
I know what he is coming to get.
我知道他来要拿什么东西。
不定代词:
没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词,常用的不定代词如下:
all,any,another,both,each,every,either,every, few,little, many, much, no,none,neither,one, other,some以及由 some, any, no, every 和 body, one, thing 构成的复合词。
不定代词的用法:
不定代词代替名词或形容词.在句中可用作主语, 宾语,表语和定语。
Everybody should be here in time tomorrow.
明天大家都要按时到。
I know nothing about it.
这件事情我一点都不知道。
That's all I know.
这就是我知道的。
I go to school everyday6.
我每天去学校上学。
不定代词的具体用法:
any 一些,任何。 any 多用作否定或疑问句中,any 在句中作主语, 宾语, 定语。 any作定语时,它所修饰的名词没有单复数限制, 一般多用复数, any 用在肯定句
中,表示“任何”。
Do you have any books?
你有书吗?
You can come any time.
你什么时候都可以来。
some 一些,某些,某个。 some 多用在肯定句中,表示邀请或者对方可能给予肯定回答的疑问句中等。
There are a lot of flowers in the garden, some are white, which I like very much.
花园里有许多花,一些是白色的,我特别喜欢。
I am going to get some ink.
我去弄点墨水。
Will you have some coffee, please?
喝点咖啡吗?
no 无.在句中作定语.表示否定,语气要比 not any 强.
She knows no English.
她根本就不懂英语。
I have no bike.
我就没有自行车。
none 无人,无物,无东西.在句中作主语 ,定语,宾语。 none 在句中代替不可数名词作定语时, 谓语动词要用单数形式。 none 在句中代替可数名词作定语时, 谓语动词要用复数形式。
None of them are workers.
他们没一个是工人。
It's none of your business.
这不碍你的事。
many 许多.在句中作主语,宾语 ,定语. many 在句中代替可数名词。
Many of the students like English very much.
许多学生非常喜欢英语。
I have many books to give you.
我有许多书要给你。
much 许多。在句中作主语,宾语,定语。much 在句中代替不可数名词。
There is not much ink in the bottle.
瓶子里没多少墨水了。
a few,a little,few,little. 几个,一点儿,没几个, 没多少。它们在句中作主语,宾语,定语,其中 a few 和 few 代替可数名词 , a little 和 little 代替不可数名词,它们表示少量,不多,几个, 只是主观上的一种相对说法,并没有具体的数量标准。
Few of the books are cheap now.
现在没几本儿书是便宜的。
A few friends came to see me yesterday.
昨天有几个朋友来看我。
I have a little money to buy the book.
我的这点钱能买这本书。
There is little water in the thermos7.
暖水瓶没多少水了。