以下是小编帮大家整理的语法题析（2）----代词（共含7篇），仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“chuyoshi”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
代词试题范围狭窄，浅显明了，很容易得分，而且有一明显规律可以遵循：A、B、C、D四个选择中如有代词出现，它通常就是此题的答案。代词又称代名词，其作用是指代句中相关的名词，所以代词的题目通常与其所指代的名词有关。
命题焦点集中在；（1）代词与其所指代的名词单复数是否一致，（2）代词与其所指代名词是否统一，（3）反身代词的用法。
代词常考题型及解题要点
1. 代词应与其指代的名词单复数一致
解题要点 如A、B、C、D四项选择答案中有代词出现，首先要找到它所指代的名词，并确认其单数是否一致。
例题分析
（1）Silver*s most distinguishing property is their electrical conductivity.
(答案) 代词their指代的是句首的单数名词silver,故应改为its。
(2) Countries tend to specialize in the production and export of those goods and services that it can produce relatively cheaply.
(答案) 代词it指代的是句子主语Counties, 所以应用复数形式they。
（3）A traditional Halloween decoration is a jack-o-lantern, which is a hollowed-out pumpkin with scary face cut into them.
(答案) 根据句意，代词there指代的是单数名词Punplcin (jack-o-lantern), 故应用单数代词it。
（4）Since flounders have markings that biend with their surroundings, it can lie camouflaged on the bottom of the ocean.
(答案) 代词it指代的是句首复数名词flounders,故应用复数形式的代词the。
2.代词应与其指代的名词在称谓、性、格等方面完全一致
例题分析
（1） Paprika is less biting than red cayenne pepper, and she has a sweeper taste. (94.1)
(答案) 人称代词指代的是paprika（红灯笼辣椒，即使不认识此词，亦可从后文的pepper推断出这是一种辣椒），故应改为指物的it。
（2） Ethel Harveg’s career illustrates some of the challenges encountered by women scientists of her generation as they sought support for they work.
(答案) 代词they 指代的是前文的woman scientists, 根据句意，这里应改用代词的所有格形式their,用来限定后面的wonk。
（3） Many critics believe that Amy Lowell*s most important work is not her poetry, but his biography, John Keats, published the year of her death.
(答案) 男性代词his 指代的是作家Amy Lowell。即使你不清楚Amy是女性名字，亦可从句中her poetry 及her death得知此作家为女性。所以这里应用代词her。
（4）Our urge to classify different life forms and give us names seems to be as old as the human race.
(答案) 根据句意，代词as指的应是different life forms,而非动作的施事者“我们”，所以此代词应改为them, 表明动作的承受者。
3. 反身代词-self
解题要点 反身代词通常有两种语法功能，其一是强调句中某一名词，其二是当主词（动作施事者）与受词（动作承受者）为同一人或物时，受词应用反身代词。第二种功能, 一般来讲，A、B、C、D四个选择答案中有反身代词出现，它通常是此题的命题焦点。
例题分析
（1）When a severe ankle injury forced herself to give up reporting in 1926, Margaret Mitchell began writing her novel Gone with the Wind.
(答案) 此句主词为ankle injury,其受词则指的是Margaret Mitchell.二者并非同一人/物，故不能使用反身代词，应改为her。
（2） A motion picture director for over twenty years. Weber stamped her films with herself style and personal conviction.
(答案) 反身代词不能作定语修饰说明名词，此句的herself应改为her own。
（3） In a controversial cating guide entitled Are You hungry? Jane Hirschmann and Lela Zaphiropolous argue that children instinctively know what foods are good for selves.
(答案) 反身代词通常应有完整的形式，不能单独使用self,或selves形式。此句应改为themselves.
(4) Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating a series of indicators that could help themselves to predict earthquakes.
(答案) 反身代词themselves
1. 含并列连词and, but, or的平行结构
解题要点 当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上（含三项）的并列成分，多是考试焦点。
例题分析
(1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)
[答案] 并列连词or连接三项，其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque，故（A）应用形容词transparent与之并列。
(2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)
[答案] 并列连词and连接四项表示身份职业的名词，故（A）动名词应改为actress。
(3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)
[答案] 并列连词or连接四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故亦应改为单数tissue。
(4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)
[答案] 并列连词and连接三项动宾结构，前两项均为动词原形，故（C）动名词亦应改为原形动词pave.
(5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the legendary Loch Ness monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)
[答案] 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词，故应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
(6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.
[答案] 并列连词and连接三个单词。其中两项均为动名词，故（D）亦应改为动名词swallowing。
2. 比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等，比较范围相当
例题分析
(1) Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States ------- Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.
(A) as was (B) than was (C) than did (D) as did (92.8)
[答案] C 比较句型 more…than 要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义动词的过去时形式had，故选（C）than did与之平行。
(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than -------
(A) there are most other states
(B) most other states which have
(C) most other states have
(D) having most other states (93.10)
[答案] C 这是标准的more…than比较句型。只有（C）的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。
(3) The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than-------
(A) that of its mining and farming combined
(B) mining and farming combination
(C) that mining and farming combined
(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)
[答案] A 此句比较的是Utah的年产值（the annual worth） （A）中that即代替了the annual worth，故前后比较的范围，内容一致。
(4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than-------
(A) the domestic marketer has
(B) the domestic marketer does
(C) those of the domestic marketer
(D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)
[答案] C 此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动（the activities） 为避免同词重复，用（C）those来代替前面的名词the activities ,因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。
(5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter -------
(A) than cane sugar does (B) does cane sugar
(C) cane sugar (D) than cane sugar (90.5)
[答案] D 此比较句型前半部分主系表结构，后半部不可出现助动词does（答案A及B），但可省略系词，如（D）。
3. 比较句型 the +比较级…the＋比较级要求前后结构相等
例题分析
(1) The flatter a hair appears under a microscope ------- wavier it is.
(A) although (B) which (C) and (D) the (92.1)
[答案] D The flatter a hair appears 与（D）the wavier it is 是完全对等的结构。
比较级 主语 谓语动词 比较级 主语 系动词
(2) The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ------- to the body.
(A) the stress it is greater
(B) greater is the stress
(C) greater stress is
(D) the greater the stress (90.1)
[答案] D The less the surface 与答案（D） the greater the stress 是完全对等的结构。
4. 语意上的平行结构
解题要点 有一些词和短语表达比较的概念，尽管不是比较级句型，但同样要求前后对比双方同形式，同性质。
例题分析
(1) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather of the deaf ------- of the telephone.
(A) than inventing (B) than as the inventor
(C) the invention (D) as the inventor (90.8)
[答案] B 表示比较概念的短语would rather …than应使用平行结构。
(2) Thomas Jefferson*s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ------- a politician.
(A) such (B) more (C) as (D) than (90.1)
[答案] C 动词rival （比得上）要求比较二项结构相等。
(3) California*s agricultural supremacy dates from 1947. When its farm output first ------- any other state.
(A) that exceeded (B) exceeded that
(C) exceeded that of
(D) that exceeded of (92.10)
[答案] C 动词exceeded （超过）要求比较的内容相当。（C）代词that用以指代比较的内容“farm output”
(4) It is common knowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder heard . (93.5)
[答案] 连词 before用以引出先后发生的两个动作。从句意上看。这两个动作是对比关系，故应用平行结构。另改为a clap of thunder is heard ,与a flash of lightning is seen 相平衡。
分词是必考内容，在历届试题中均占相当大的比例。有时，即使分词不是题目焦点，但对分词的正确分析则可以帮助考生选择正确的答案。分词的命题要点集中在（1）分词的形容词特性、（2）分词短语作后置定语、（3） 现在分词和过去分词的主动与被动含义。
分词常考题型及解题要点：
1. 分词具有形容词特征，可单独作定语或表语
例题分析
(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930’s.
[答案] 动词respect用来修饰后面的名词zoologist，故应改用分词respected形式，其作用相当于形容词作定语。
(2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time.
[答案] 修饰保词period应用动词的分词形式，即fixed。
(3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions.
[答案] 修饰名词hues，应用分词形式arranged。
(4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system .
[答案] interest应用其分词interesting形式作表语，作用相当于一个形容词。
2. 分词短语作定语，放置于中心名词后面
解题要点 分词短语作后置定语在考题中出现频率非常高。因而，考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。实际上，分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。
例题分析
(1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------.
(A) the uses for livestock feed
(B) for using livestock feed
(C) used for livestock feed
(D) they are used for livestock feed
[答案] C过去分词used + 介语短语组成的分词短语修饰前面的名词成分the only parts of the plant，作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(that are ) used for livestock feed
(2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ______ numbers and their logarithms.
(A) representing (B) represented
(C) are represented (D) they are representing
[答案] A 分词短语作名词marks的后置定语，作用相当于一个定语从句：which represent numbers and their logarithms。
(3) Early philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ,intellect and will
(A) to know (B) known (C) knowing (D) knew them
[答案] B分词短语known as…说明前面的名词three faculties。此结构可改写成定语从句。Which are known as…
(4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America.
[答案] 此句主语是The bison ,谓语是系词is ,划线A部分应当为分词短语，修饰名词The bison .A应改为known for。
(5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote
[答案] 修饰名词books应用分词生语ever written。
3. 分词短语作状语
解题要点 在句了意义非常清楚明确时，状语从句通常可以简略为分词短语，但有一个先决条件。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为同一人或物，此类分词短语通常置于句首。
例题分析
(1) _____ as“the census taker of the sky”, Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy.
(A) Known (B) Knowing (C) To known (D) Knowledge (92.5)
[答案] A 分词短语置于句首作表示身份的状语。它的逻辑主语即是句子的主语Annie Jump Cannon.
(2) ------- in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States .
(A) Founded (B) Founding (C) To found (D) Having founded (92.1)
[答案] A 分词短语表示时间，其逻辑主语即是句子主语The Boston Latin School.
(3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.
(A) In 1827 they drafted (B) The draft in 1827
(C) In 1872 was drafted (D) Drafted in 1827
[答案] D分词短语作状语，表示时间。此结构可扩展为一状语从句；where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate, and a house of representatives.
4. 现在分词表达主动的概念；过去分词表达被动的概念
例题分析
(1) Judging to be the best boxer of his time, sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights
[答案] 此分词短语与其逻辑上的主语sugar Ray Robinson 是被动的关系（Sugar was judged to be…） 故应用过去词Judged to be.
(2) During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins , beans, and tobacco.
[答案] 通常我们说to be based on ，这个短语表示被动概念（基于，以…为基础），所以应改用过去分词based。
(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation.
[答案] 根据句意及分词dividing后面的介词by，可以推断这个分词短语表达的是被动的概念，因此，应用过去分词divided by。
(4) Clementine Hunter’s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C.
[答案] 分词included与其逻辑的主语paintings并无被动的关系，不应用过去分词，应改为惯用现在分词短语including + 名词宾语的结构。
分类说明
代词种类繁多，用法复杂，历年来是重要考点之一。它主要涉及以下几方面的内容：
1．人称代词：主格一般用作主语；宾格一般用作宾语，值得注意的是：当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子时，一般使用宾格。
2．物主代词：形容词性物主代词作定语；名词性物主代词作主语、宾语、表语，但具体指代的东西须依上下文而定。
3．反身代词：一般用来强调自己，但有时也可用作某些动词或介词的宾语。如：help oneself(to sth．)，enjoy oneself，by oneself，for oneself，to oneself。
4．指示代词：单数this，that；复数these，those。而this，these是近指；that，those是远指。在说话当中，this一般指下文要讲的事，that一般指上文所提到的事或内容。
5．不定代词： ’
(1)some与any：some一般用于肯定句中，但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时，可用于疑问句中；any一般用于否定和疑问句中，但当any强调“任何”时，也可用于肯定句中。同理，something，somebody，someone的用法同some；anything，anybody，anyone的用法同any。
(2)none既可指人又可指物，其后面一般需跟of所引导的一个范围；no one只能指人，并且不需接范围。How many／much提问时的否定回答用none；Who提问时的否定回答用no one；What提问时的否定回答用nothing。
(3)another指三者或三者以上当中的另一个；the other指两者当中的另一个，也可接名词复数，特指其它某些人或物；any指三者或三者以上当中的任意一个。
(4)other意思是“其他的”，不能单独使用，后面必须接名词，表泛指；others可指
其他的人或东西，相当于other+名词复数；the others特指其他某些人或物，相当于the other+名词复数。
(5)either指两者中的任意一个，表示肯定；neither表示否定，指两者都不；nor表示否定，指三者或三者以上都不。
neither／nor的其它用法：neither一般只能作代词，而nor既可作代词又可作连词，连接两个否定意义的句子时，一般用nor，若用neither，则需在neither前加and。neither／nor位于句首时，句子须部分倒装。
(6)such指具体的人或事；SO只能用在某些动词后面，指情况或内容。
(附：其它词性的用法)
such a+ adj + n,．
so +adj +a +n．
such +adj +n．(pl或不可数名词)
so +many／much／few／little +n．(pf或不可数名词)
注意：但当little指个子小时，还是用such little +n．。
(7)every不能单独使用，必须与名词一起使用，强调全部、所有；each可单独使用，也可修饰名词，强调单个的个体。
(8)one可指人也可指物(可数)，表示某一类人或东西中的一个，相当于a +n．，而it只能指物，强调同类同物(相当于the+n．)或不可数名词；one还可有复数形式ones，当one有定语修饰时，前面还可有冠词a／the+a4．+one。
(9)all指三者或三者以上“所有，全部”，而both指“两者都”，常与and连用，成为both．．．and。．．。
(10)对含有all，both，every，each等词的句子进行否定时，不管not位于什么地方，句子所表达的否定都为部分否定。
6．相互代词：each other用于两者或两者以上；one another用于三者或三者以上，在现代英语中它们可通用。
7．疑问代词：what指事或物，不强调范围；who(whom，whose)指人；which既可指人也可指物，但强调范围。
8．连接代词：what，who，whom，whose，which(见从句一节)。
9．关系代词：what，who，whom，whose，which，that，as，but(见从句一节)。
回放真题
真题1(重庆卷25)
I intended to compare notes with a friend，but unfortunately ________couldn’t spare me even one minute．
A．they B．one C．who D．it
【答案及解析】 A从句子结构上，可排除选项c；从代词的意义上可排除D；根据前半句的意思，句中的a friend指任意一个朋友，可理解为a friend 0f mine．而后半句意指“我”这些朋友们，为复数，故答案选A。
真题2(2004重庆卷31)
--One week’s time has been wasted．
--I Can’t believe we did all that work for ________．
A．something B．nothing C．everything D．anything
【答案及解析】 B由One week’s time has been wasted．可知我们一无所获。
真题3(2004广东卷27)
She doesn’t know anyone here．She has got ________ to talk to．
A．anyone B．someone C．everyone D．no one
【答案及解析】D根据前面一句的意思，没有一个认识的人，为全否定，那么，后一句也应是全否定，故答案选D。
真题4(2004福建卷22)
--Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?
--________way as you please．
A．Each B．Every C．Any D．Either
【答案及解析】 C根据上下句的意思，这里含有选择的意思，因此，排除A、B；选项C表示在三者或三者以上中选择其一；而选项D表示在二者中选择其一。根据句子的意思。
真题5(2004辽宁卷24)
I have done much of the work．Could you please finish ________in two days?
A．the rest B．the other C．another D．the others
【答案及解析】A选项A表示剩余的事情或东西；B表示两者中的另一个；C表示三者或三者以上中的另一个；D表示其余的人或东西。根据句中的work可知，答案选A。
真题6(2004浙江卷33)
We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________．
A．none B．either C．any D．each
【答案及解析】 C any“任何的”，用于三个或三个以上的人或事物，答案选C。
真题7(2004江苏卷21)
1 will never know what was on his mind at the time．nor will ．
A．anyone B．anyone else C．no one D．no one else
【答案及解析】B首先根据句子间的连接词nor排除C、D；选项A包括说话
者本人，根据上句的意思需排除，以免重复；选项B指除说话者以外的人，符合句
子意思，因此答案选B。
真题8(2004广西卷24)
We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen．So Peter made ________from some wood we had．
A．it B．one C．himself D．another
【答案及解析】 B由题意可知，因为我们需要一个新的，所以Peter就做了一个新的。one表前面提到的同一类人或物，it则指同一物，another指在原来的基础上另外的。
真题9(全国[河南、河北、山东、福建]27)
I like ________in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright．
A．this B．that C．it D．one
【答案及解析】 C it是形式宾语，在句中无实意，只是指代句子后面现象：天气晴朗。
真题10(2004四川卷35)
That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________he’s done for you．
A．something B．anything C．all D．that
【答案及解析】C考查代词及定语从句。all是先行词，其后省略关系代词that。that在从句中作done的宾语，结构为do sth for sb，all表所有的事。
真题11(2004四川卷32)
--Do you like ________here?
--Oh，yes．The air，the weather，the way of life．Everything is SO nice．
A．this B．these C．that D．it
【答案及解析】D it在这里作形式宾语，无实际意义。而A、B、C须指代具体的东西。
真题12(2004上海卷26)
I had to buy ________these books because I didn’t know which one was the best．
A．both B．none C．neither D．a11
【答案及解析】D both、neither指两者，none、all指三者或三者以上。由the best可知，这儿指的是三者或i者以上。none修饰名词后要接of。而a11可直接修饰名词。
真题13(2004上海卷36)
American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently．
A．who B．as C．about which D．with whom
【答案及解析】D根据句子结构，talk不能直接接名词或代词，而需加介词，从而排除A、B；选项C：谈论某事，与先行词不符；因此答案选D，talk with sb意为“与某人交谈”。
真题14(2004上海卷37)
After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth，________ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space．
A．where B．what C．that D．how
【答案及解析】 B根据从句的句子结构可知，从句动词不定式缺少宾语，排除A、D；而在名词性从句中，选项C(that)在从句中不作任何成分，因此答案只能选B。
真题15(2004上海卷40)
A story goes ________Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court．
A．when B．where C．what D．that
【答案及解析】D that引导一个同位语从句，说明a story的具体内容。
真题16(2004上海卷38)
Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ________ she was bitten on the leg by a lion．
A．when B．while C．since D．once
【答案及解析】 A when后可按延续性或短暂性动词；while后接延续性动词；而since表示自……时候起；once表示条件。由题意可知：“被狮子咬’’是短暂的动作，故选项A为正确答案。
真题17(2004上海卷39)
Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses ________eye protection is necessary in sunny weather．
A．because B．though C．unless D．if
【答案及解析】 A选项A表原因；B表让步；C、D表条件。前后两个句子为因果关系.
真题18(2004天津卷23)
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，________，of course, made the others envy him．
A．who B．that C．what D．which
【答案及解析】D根据前后句的关系，后面一句说明前句所产生的结果，属于前面句子的非限制性定语从句，所以排除B、C；根据先行词--前面整个句子的内容，因此又排除A。
真题19(2004天津卷29)
I got the story from Tom and ________people who had worked with him．
A．every other B．many others C．some other D．other than
【答案及解析】C根据句子结构排除B，因为它不能修饰名词；排除D，因介词短语from Tom与other than people不能并列。再根据短语意思，A表示每隔……，若表范围，不能用every other而应该用all other，因此，排除选项A；答案只能选c，表示其他一些人。
真题20(2004天津卷30)
It is easy to do the repair. ________you need is a hammer and some nails．
A．Something B．All C．Both D．Everything
【答案及解析】 B根据前句的easy可知，后句应该指你所需要的全部东西。从而可排除选项A(某物，某东西)、C(两个都)；选项B强调整体概念；D强调具体的事物。显然，你所需要的并不是“具体的每一件东西”而是“所有的东西”，因此答案选B。句子意思是：修理并不难，你所需要的只是一把锤子和几个钉子而已。
真题21(2004北京卷21)
I invited Joe and Linda to dinner，but ________them came．
A．neither B．either C．none D．both
【答案及解析】A根据转折连词but可知，是两者中的否定，故选A。
真题22(2004北京卷30)
There’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________.
A．1ittle；some B．1ittle；any C．a little；some D．a little；any
【答案及解析】A根据句子的意思，应该是没有油了，才口q你去买。而little。表示“几乎没有”；a little表示“少量”，但暗含还有一些；some用于疑问句时，表示邀请、请求并希望得到对方的肯定回答。故答案选A。
真题23(2004湖南卷21)
Playing tricks off others is ________we should never do．
A-anything B．something C．everything D．nothing
【答案及解析】 B考查不定代词的用法。根据句子的意思可知：捉弄人家是一件我们决不应该做的事情。那么选项C、D应予以排除；选项A一般用于否定和疑问句中，而B用于肯定句中，虽然后面的定语从句含否定词，而主句的意思是肯定的，故选B。
真题24(2004北京春季卷22)
There at the door stood a girl about the same height ________．
A．as me B．as mine C．with mine D．with me
【答案及解析】 B the same…as是一个固定结构，意为“和……一样”，排除c、D。根据句意，比较的是高度，而不是人，所以排除A。
真题25(2004北京春季卷23)
Luckily，we’d brought a road map without ________we would have lost our way．
A．it B．that C．this D．which
【答案及解析】D从句子结构中可以看出，后面是一个句子，那么这个句子只能从属于前面的句子。所以排除A、C；介词后面不能用that，故答案只能选D。
真题26(2004上海春季卷25)
Some of the stamps belong to me，while the rest are ___________．
A．him and her B．his and hers C．his and her D．him and hers
【答案及解析】 B 本题考查的是名词性物主代词的用法，his and hers=his and her stamps，him是宾格，her即是宾格又是形容词性物主代词。
真题27(全国卷32)
--There’s coffee and lea；you earl have _________．
--Thanks．
A．either B．each C．one D．it
【答案及解析】 A考查不定代词的用法。either指两者中任何一个；each指两者或三者以上，有分别强调每一或每一个都如何的意思；one指前面已经提到的可数名词，表示同类事物，泛指任何一个；it用来指代可数或不可数名词，代替前述事物或表示同一事物。
真题28(2003全国卷33)
--Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard．
--Why ________? John is sitting there doing nothing．
A．him B．he C．I D．me
【答案及解析】 D考查人称代词用法。当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子或作为主语补足语代替I时(通常出现在口语中)，可使用宾格形式。
真题29(2003北京卷27)
--I hear they aren’t pleased with the house you’ve chosen for them
--Well，_________could they live in such comfort?
A．where else B．what else C．how D．why
【答案及解析】 A考查疑问代词。where else“别的什么地方”，作状语。译文：“我听说他们对你为他们选的房子不满意。”“那么，还有什么地方能让他们住得这么舒服呢?”答案为A。
真题30(2003上海卷27)
Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for ________two weeks．
A．another B．other C．the other D．other’s
【答案及解析】 A another意为“又一，再一”，后面如接two，three等数词或few等时，可与复数形式连用，我们可以把two weeks看作一个整体，在原来的基础上再呆两星期。而other，the other用于两者之中的另一个，other’s是other的所有格形式，故B、c、D都不可选，只能选A。
真题3l(2003北京春季卷22)
--The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they?
--________
A．I guess not so B．I don’t guess
C．I don’t guess so D．I guess not
【答案及解析】D I guess not．“我认为他们没做好工作”。为了避免重复，用not替代the boys are not doing a good job at all。
真题32(2003北京春季卷34)
--What happened to the priceless works of art?
--___________.
A．They were destroyed in the earthquake
B．The earthquake was destroying them
C．They destroyed in the earthquake
D．The earthquake destroyed them
【答案及解析】A happen to sb．or sth．“某人或某物怎么了”。在回答这种问题时，要用某人或某物作主语，且由句意知应用被动语态。答案为A。
真题33(2003安徽春季卷34)
--Your coffee smells great!
--It’s from Mexico．Would you like ________?
A．it B．some C．this D．1ittle
【答案及解析】 B 根据上下句排除选项c、D；选项A表示上文所谈到事物的整个或全部，选项B表示上句所谈事物的部分。一般说来，顾客不可能把全部的咖啡买下来。
真题34(2003上海春季卷26)
Equipped with modem facilities，today’s libraries differ greatly from ________．
A．those of the past B．the past C．which of the past D．these past
【答案及解析】 A those指前句中提到的图书馆；those of the past指过去的图书馆。今天的图书馆和过去的图书馆相比较是同类相比，故排除B和D，而which则是指同一个，即today’s libraries，故排除C。答案为A。
真题35(全国卷24)
The mother didn’t know ________to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out．
A．who B．when C．how D．what
【答案及解析】A know后接“疑问词+to do sth．”作宾语。blame是及物动词，who表示人，作宾语。译文：妈妈不知道对她碰巧外出时玻璃杯被打破这件事该责备谁。真题36(2002全国卷33)
It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A．it what to do with B．what to do it with
C．what to do with it D．to do what with it
【答案及解析】 C knows后可接“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语，可排除A、D。what作do的宾语，即do sth with sth／sb“采取措施处理某事或对付某人”。
真题37(2002全国卷35)
Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，________I will always treasure．
A．that B．one C．it D．what
【答案及解析】 B one指代moment作同位语，解释是一个永远珍惜的时刻。I will always treasure是定语从句，作one的定语，省略了关系代词which或that。这是一个难度系数比较大的题目，由于一些考生把它看成了定语从句，可在选项中又找不到引导定语从句的关系代词which，因而发生了错误。译文：多年后与我叔叔的会面是一个难忘的时刻，一个我将永远珍惜的时刻。
真题38(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷30)
--He was nearly drowned once．
--When was ________?
--________was in when he was in middle schoo1．
A．that：It B．this；This C．this；It D．that；This
【答案及解析】A用that指代上文提到的事，避免了重复；it指代时间。答案为A。
真题39(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷32)
--You’re always working．Come on．1et’s go shopping．
--________you ever want to do is going shopping．
A．Anything B．Something C．All D．That
【答案及解析】 C从上句知对方想做的事就是go shopping，没有别的什么事，故all包括一切在内。从语境可知：前者埋怨对方只是一味地工作；后者反唇相讥，说前者只知买东西。
真题40(2002上海春季卷32)
In order to make our city green，________．
A．it is necessary to have planted more trees
B．many more trees need to plant
C．our city needs more trees
D．we must plant more trees
【答案及解析】D考生必须明白：(1)非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语；(2)非谓语动词的动作与逻辑主语是什么关系。本题的不定式的逻辑主语应是动作的发出者，故选D。
真题41(全国卷25)
The Parkers bought a new house but ________ill need a lot of work before they can move in．
A．they B．it C．one D．which
【答案及解析】 B it指代前面提到的单数名词，指同一个事物，此句中指a new house；而one指“同名异物”；which引导定语从句，但题于中有连词but，并非主从句，which不妥；A为复数，更易排除。
真题42(2001上海卷22)
Both teams were in hard training；________was willing to lose the game．
A．either B．neither C．another D．the other
【答案及解析】 B neither“(两者)都不”，根据语境两队都在刻苦训练知双方都不愿意在比赛中失败，故选neither。
真题43(2001上海卷28)
Finding her car stolen，________．
A．a policeman was asked to help B．the area was searched thoroughly
C．it was looked for everywhere D．she hurried to a policeman for help
【答案及解析】 D在做非谓语动词的题目时，要分析非谓语动词的逻辑主语。该题Finding her car stolen的逻辑主语是she，可排除A、B、C。译文：发现汽车被偷了，她急急忙忙找警察请求帮助。
真题44(2001上海卷33)
In fact ________is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match．
A．this B．that C．there D．it
【答案及解析】D it在句子中作形式主语。真正的主语是to keep order in an important football match。由于空格出现在fact的后面，所以一些考生把它当成了同位语从句，选了that。而实际上，in fact是介词短语作状语，后不能接同位语从句。译文：实际上，在一次重大的足球赛中，对警察来说，维持秩序是一项很难的工作。
真题45(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷13)
If this dictionary is not yours，_________can it be?
A．what else B．who else C．which else’s D．who else’s
【答案及解析】 D考查关系代词所有格的用法。who else“其他什么人”，用于主格，宾格。who else…s其他什么人”，用于所有格。
真题46(2001上海春季卷24)
Some of the wheat is from Canada．What about--?
A．another B．the other C．others D．the rest
【答案及解析】D wheat是不可数名词，不能用others代替。the rest既可代
可数名词，也可代不可数名词，此处指the rest of the wheat。
真题47(京、皖春季卷6)
--Do you want tea or coffee?
--________．I really don’t mind．
A．Both B．None C．Either D．Neither
【答案及解析】 c从问话的意思可知，是让对方选择茶或咖啡。所以要填Either，意思是“(两者中的)任意一种”。
真题48(2000京、皖春季卷21)
One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow，and ________．
A．the other is white B．another white
C．the other white D．another is white
【答案及解析】 C考查one．．．the other结构，木板一般只有两面，把一面染成黄色的，另一面染成白色的，由此排除B、D；原句结构为“．．．the other(should be painted)white，所以答案选C。
复合句是考题的基本句子结构，因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类：（1）关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词（where when why how） (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 掌握有关从属连词的试题命题规律，这类题目并不复杂。
从属连词常考题型及解题要点
1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词
例题分析
(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them _____ insects.
(A) traps (B) trap its (C) which traps (D) which it traps
[答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句，且在从句中作主语。
(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ______ higher plants can survive.
(A) there (B) wherever (C) somewhere (D) then
[答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子，这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词，引导地点状语从句。
(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ______ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.
(A) him (B) although (C) or (D) who
[答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句，并作从句的主语。
(4) ______ Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.
(A) A volcano erupts (B) A volcano whether erupts
(C) A volcano erupts it (D) If a volcano erupts
[答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。
2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用
解题要点：在四个选择答案中出现who 或者which，应确认它所指代的是人还是物。
例题分析
(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago.
[答案] 关系代词who指代的是sea，因此应用指物的which或that。
(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease.
[答案] 关系代词which指代前面的persons，应改为人称关系代词who。
(3) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of ______ reality.
(A) what it is conceived (B) that is conceived
(C) what is conceived to be (D) that is being conceived of
[答案] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .答案（A）中的代词it是多余的，因为what本身即已包含了先行词（the thing ） 和关系代词(that) 。答案（B）中的关系代词that引导的从句不可以置于介词的后面。
(5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks.
[答案] what应改为that。此句已含有先行词food，不能再用关系代词what。
5. 主句和从句
解题要点 主语从句是常考而中国考生又较陌生英文文法结构。主语从句的特点是读起来有种头重脚轻的感觉，而且有两个谓语动词。连词That 引导的主语从句应特别留意。因为That 在句中没有任何意义，它只具有引导出主语从句的功能，因而很容易被忽略。
例题分析
(1) _____ xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
(A) For (B) It was (C) That (D) While
[答案] C That引导的主语从句。其中第一个谓语动词could from 是从句的谓语，第二个系动was是主句的谓语。
(2) ______ to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces.
(A) Danger can be (B) They can be dangerous
(C) What can be dangerous (D) While danger
[答案] C what引导的主语从句。What既是从句的连词，又是从句的主语。
(3) ______ has been a topic of continual geological research.
(A) Did the continents originate (B) How did the continents originate
(C) Have the continents originated
(D) How the continents originated
[答案] D How 引导的主语从句。
(4) ______ progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.
(A) Technological (B) That technological
(C)Although technological (D)There is technological
[答案] B. That 引导的主语从句，当连续读到两个谓语动词(e.g. helps…is)，而空格在句首，应首先考虑主语从句。这是主语从句典型的句子结构。
词性混淆误用一直是考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”和“平行结构”组成命题的三大焦点。命题范围包括（1）并列结构中词性一致、（2）形容词与副词混淆、（3）形容词与名词混淆、（4）名词与动词混淆。其中，形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。
词性混淆常考题型及解题要点
1. 并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一
例题分析
(1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales.
[答案] 并列连词and连接三个形容词，故（A）Bigness应改为Big。
(2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability.
[答案] 并列连词and连接三个名词，而speed是形容词，故应改为speed。
(3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments.
[答案] 并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词，共同修饰后面的中心词governments 。而locally是副词，应改为local。
(4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits.
[答案] 并列连词or前面是形容词real。之后亦应是形容词imaginary。
2. 形容词错用为副词
解题要点 形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的，而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。
全真例题分析
(1) Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits
[答案] 修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits 应用副词largely。
(2) The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
[答案] 修饰说明数词（272）应用副词approximately。
(3) Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today.
[答案] 修饰形容词短语larger than…应用副词形式considerably。
(4) Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration.
3. 词性是否正确，是否错用为动词
例题分析
(1) The work “saga” is often application to any narration of events of the past, whether mythical or historical in character.
[答案] application应改为applied，作谓语动词的被动语态。
(2) Administrative assistants are often expected to make decisions, supervision staff, delegate responsibility, and work harmoniously with managers and fellow employees.
[答案] supervision 改为动词原形supervise与后面名词组成动宾结构。
(3) Fascination by the promise of the internal engine and its application to a self-propelled vehicle, Henry Ford constructed a one-cylinder gasoline motor in 1892.
[答案] Fascination 改为Fascinated, 与后面的by 组成过去分词短语作状语。
(4) From 1872 to, Alice Elvira Freeman was Dean of Women at the newly foundation University of Chicago.
[答案] D foundation 改为founded 过去分词作定语，修饰University
of Chicago
4. 由表示词性的后缀- fur ,-tie -enc., -ent, -tive都很可能是此题的考试焦点
例题分析
(1) Few theories are originality enough to be called unique.
[答案] 名词originality应改为形容词original 作表语。
(2) Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players.
[答案] 形容词powerful应改为名词power，与height和speed并列。
(3) A major purpose of scientific analysts is to identify and examine causal connections between independent and dependence variables.
[答案] 名词dependence 应改为形容词dependent, 用来修饰后面的名词variables。
(4) A deficient of folic acid is rarely found in humans because the vitamin is contained in a wide variety of foods.
[答案] 形容词deficient改为名词deficiency，作主语。
(5) In nature, the distributive of plants is obviously related to climate.
[答案] 形容词distributive 改为名词distribution ，用主语。
(6) A foreign exchange rate is a price that reflects the relative supply and demand of difference currencies.
[答案] 名词difference改为形容词different，修饰后面的名词。
有关并列连词的命题在考试中占有极重要的地位。并列连接词不仅自身是命题的焦点，它还涉及到一些其它的题型，如平行结构，词类、及一致等考试要点。一般说来，有关并列连词的题目并不深涩，因为连接词无论在语意上还是结构功能上都并非孤立使用。而且，细察并列连词的题目，还可寻见其中的命题规律。
并列连词常考题型及解题要点
1. 并列连词 and but or混淆
解题要点 这类题型当A、B、C、D四项选择中出现单独的and或but 或or 时，它通常就是此题的焦点，应根据句意判断此连词是否用错。
例题要分析
(1) Harvesting of grains is affected by annual changes in temperature or in the amount of moisture, but both.
[答案] 根据句意，这里并无转折关系。因此but 应改为or。
(2) Porcelain is not a single clay, and a compound of kaolin. Ball clay, feldspar. And silica.
[答案] 此句表达的是一个取舍关系，and应改为but. “not…but”是表达转折含义的固定并列连词搭配。
3. The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly comples for single-celled artimals.
[答案] 根据句中复数谓语动词are 来判断，连词or是错误，它表述的概含是两项之一，应用单数第三人称动词。固而or应改为and。
(4) Cayenne popper comes from the seedpot of the pepper plant which is dried or then ground.
[答案] 根据提示词then，我们可以判断dried 和ground (grind 的过去分词，碾碎)是顺序先后的两个动作，并非取舍选择关系。因此or应改为and。
2. 并列连接词词组
both…and as…as
not only …but also not so…as
either…or the same…as
neither…nor 比较级(more-re) …than
so…that to…to常与so…that
whether…or 混淆搭配
解题要点；上述并列连词词组和短语必须搭配使用，不能承意更换或省略。考题中如出现上述词组的任何一部分，则注意另一部分是否正确。
例题分析
(1) In meteorology. Either formation of clouds and the oreciporddidon of dew rain and snow are known as condensation。
[答案] either改为both，组成both…and词组
(2) The survival of a forest depends not only on amount of annual rainfall it receives. And also on the seasonal distribution of the rain.
[答案] and改为but，组成not only…but also 词组
(3) Lucretia Mott’s influence was too significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United State.
[答案] too改为so,组成so…that结构。
(4) The gorilla, not as curious than the chimpanzee, shows more persistence and memory retention in solving a problem.
[答案] than改为as， 组成not as…as 结构。
(5) Some linguious believe that the earliest languages were no less complex as modern languages。
[答案] as 改为than,组成“比较级…than”的句型。
(6) Whether as statesman, scientist, and philosopher, Benjamin Franklin was destined to gain lasting honor throughout much of the world.
[答案] and改为or，组成whether…or的结构。
(7) Meadowlarks are about the same size than robins, they have heavier bodies, shorter tails, and longer bills.
[答案] than改为as，组成the same…as的结构。
(8) Nature not only gave the Middle Atlantic fine harbors, however endowed it with a first-class system of inland waterways.
[答案] however 改为but also,组成not only…but also结构。
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