下面就是小编给大家带来的托福阅读备考训练技巧解读（共含5篇），希望大家喜欢阅读!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“zbly123”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
托福阅读备考训练技巧解读 如何提升你的文章理解能力?
托福阅读为什么会出现看不懂的情况?
要解决这一问题，首先我们先来看看阅读中到底是什么样的句子限制了我们对文章的理解，一起来看实例：
With the advent of projection,the viewer’s relationship with the image was no longer private,as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope,which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photograghic cards instead of on strips of celluloid.
When he grew older,William Smith taught himself surveying from books he brought with his small savings and at the age of ighteen he was apprenticed a surveyor of the local parish.
But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.
从上面句子可以看出来，这些句子都包含多重修饰成分，或者说句式比较复杂，这也是大家看不懂阅读句子文章的主要原因所在。而那对于修饰成分过多的句子，在此我们给出三种方案，也是希望大家能够达到的三大目标
训练一遍读懂句子的能力
这就需要大家能够快速抓取句子主干，摒弃之前养成的回视的习惯。以第一个句子为例，我们应能得到这样的信息：
With……,the relationship was no longer private,it ……,which…..
这样我们就知道了整个句子其实就是在叙述伴随着投影机的出现，电影不再是属于个别人的消费品，而后面的两种机器的例子，只是在举例说明这个一个观点。
训练以意群(word group)为单位进行阅读的能力
所谓意群，就是在句中按照意思和结构划分出的各个成分，每一个成分都称为一个意群。我们把第二个句子划分意群如下：
(When he grew older,)(William Smith taught himself surveying)( from books)( he brought with his small savings)( and at the age of eighteen )(he was apprenticed)( a surveyor of the local parish.)
划分过后，句子的含义就比较明了了，主要分为两部分：当他年龄稍长时，他用自己微薄的积蓄买书开始自学测量学;18岁时，就已经成为了当地教区的一名测量员学徒。
训练对语言逻辑词的敏感
a.并列关系：并列，递进，条件，因果(分号，冒号，破折号)
并列：and，also，or，similarly ，in the same way
递进：even，furthermore ，moreover，in addition，then，what is more
因果：derive from，lead to，due to，because，cause，since，for，therefore，hence，so…that，as a result ,result from
b.让步，转折关系：even though，although，while，but，yet，however，nevertheless，despite，in spite of
c.对比关系，比较级。
时间对比：when，while，after，before，since，until
比较级：more than，less than，most，above all
弄明白了这些词，我们再来看第三个句子，主干结构实际上就是一个and连接的并列句：
The myths……may continue as……and may even come to ……
这时再填充细节进去就容易的多了。
通过以上这3类针对性的训练，相信大家再想要看懂托福阅读文章就会变得轻松许多了。最后小编祝各位同学顺利备考托福阅读早日拿到高分和托福分手。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：最初驯化的兽群起源
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been, it seems entirely likely that much the same process of juxtaposition (living side by side) and control occurred in both southwest Asia and northern Africa, and even inEurope, among peoples who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle.
词汇讲解：
tame /te?m/ v. 使(某 物)驯服或顺从
intimate /'?nt?m?t/ adj. 亲密的，亲切的;私人的，个人的;精通的，详尽的
结构划分：
(Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been), it seems entirely likely (that much the same process of juxtaposition(living side by side) and control occurred) (in both southwest Asia and northernAfrica, and even in Europe), (among peoples) (who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle).
深度分析：
这个句子的主干就是：
it seems entirely likely，it指代后面的从句that
修饰一： (Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been) ，从句
中文：无论最初驯化的兽群起源于何处
修饰二：(that much the same process of juxtaposition (living side byside) and control occurred) ，从句
中文：和兽群毗邻而居并且控制它们的过程发生了
修饰三： (in both southwest Asia and northern Africa, and even in Europe) ，介词短语
中文：在南亚、北非甚至在欧洲
修饰四：(among peoples) ，介词短语
中文：在人民中
修饰五：(who had an intimate knowledge ofthe behavior of wild cattle).，从句
中文：对野生牛群行为了如指掌
参考翻译：
无论最初驯化的兽群起源于何处，在南亚、北非甚至在欧洲，那些对野生牛群行为了如指掌的人民当中，和兽群毗邻而居并且控制它们这样的过程极有可能发生了。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：土壤质量和杂草入侵
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.
词汇讲解：
fertile /'f??ta?l/ adj. (指土地)肥沃的, 富饶的;(指动植物)能结果实的, 能生育的;(指人的头脑)主意多的, 有创造力的
plow /plau/ v. 犁<地>，用犁耕<地>
compact /k?m'p?kt/ v. 将(某物)紧压在一起
coarse /k??s/ adj. 粗糙的;(指食物﹑ 酒等)低劣的, 粗劣的;不高雅的，粗俗的;
结构划分：
A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded (by a large variety of weeds), whereas a neighboring construct ion site (from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) may remain virtually free of vegetation (for many months or even years) (despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.)
深度分析：
这个句子的主干部分是：
A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded whereas a neighboring construction site may remain virtually free of vegetation
whereas然而，表示对比，对比两种情况
修饰一：(by a large variety of weeds) ，介词短语
中文：被各种各样的杂草
修饰二：(from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) ，从句，修饰a neighboring construction site
这个句子理解的难点应该就在这里了，这个从句把a neighboringconstruction site和may remain virtually free ofvegetation分开了，注意断句不要出问题。
中文：这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层(不要去理解啥是parent material，学术名词)
修饰三：(for many months or even years) ，介词短语
中文：几个月偶然甚至是几年
修饰四：(despite receiving the same inputof seeds as the plowed field.) ，介词短语
中文：尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子
参考翻译：
一块肥沃且被翻耕过的土地会被各种各样的杂草迅速入侵，然而一个邻近的建筑工地(这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层)可能几个月甚至几年都几乎没有植被覆盖，尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：成功移居依赖可用地点
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Successin colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established.
结构划分：
Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- (a safe site) (where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) (at which the invading species can become established.)
深度分析：
这个句子的主干就是：
Success in colonization depends (to a great extent) on there being a site (available for colonization)
注意depend on被短语to a great extent(很大程度)隔开了，断句不要出现问题，后面还有一个放在后面的形容词短语(available for colonization)修饰a site
修饰一：(a safe site) ，同位语，解说说明前面的a site
中文：一个安全的地点
修饰二：(where disturbance by fire or bycutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) ，从句
这个从句有点复杂：
where disturbance (by fire or by cutting down of trees) has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level
(by fire or by cutting down oftrees)，介词修饰放在后面disturbance
注意这里有一个并列结构，either or
either removed competing species
or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level
中文：在那里由于焚烧或伐木要么移除了竞争物种，要么减低了竞争水平和其它负面的物种间相互影响的水平
修饰三：(at which the invading species can become established.) ，从句
中文：入侵物种能够定居下来。
参考翻译：
成功的移居很大程度上依赖于有一个可用的移居的地点，即一个安全的地点，在那里由于焚烧或伐木要么移除了竞争物种，要么把物种间的竞争和其他负面的物种间相互影响减少到让入侵物种能够定居下来。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：哺乳动物的崛起与发展
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
However, no group or species can maintain its dominance indefinitely, and when, after over 200 million years, the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end about 65 million years ago, mammals began to flourish, evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriad of diverse species, including bats and whales, that we know today.
词汇讲解：
dramatic /dr?'m?t?k/ adj. 戏剧的;激动人心的，给人深刻印象的
flourish v. /'fl?r??/ 昌盛，旺盛，兴旺;健康成长，茂盛
terrestrial /t?'restr??l/ adj. 陆地的，陆生的;地球的
myriad /'m?r??d/ n. 无数，极大数量
结构划分：
However, no group or species can maintain its dominance indefinitely, and (when, (after over 200 million years), the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end) (about 65 million years ago), mammals began to flourish, (evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriad of diverse species), (including bats and whales), (that we know today).
深度分析：
这个句子主干：
no group or species can maintain its dominance indefinitely, and mammals began to flourish
修饰一： (after over 200 million years)，介词短语
中文：在二亿年后
修饰二：(when the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end)，从句
中文：当恐龙时代突然结束
修饰三：(about 65 million years ago)，介词短语
中文：大约在六千五百万年前
修饰四：(evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriad of diverse species)，非谓语动词
中文：从少数几种小型陆生动物逐渐发展到无数的各类物种
修饰五：(including bats and whales)，插入语
中文：包括蝙蝠和鲸鱼
修饰六：(that we know today)，从句
中文：我们现在所知道的
参考翻译：
然而，没有哪类动物群或物种能够一直保持统治地位。在二亿年后，当恐龙时代大约在六千五百万年前突然结束，哺乳动物便开始繁盛，从少数几种小型陆生动物逐渐发展到无数的各类物种，包括我们现在所知道的蝙蝠和鲸鱼。
托福阅读备考训练技巧精讲 看课外读物提升答题能力有窍门
托福 阅读备考读课外读物3个常见问题应对方法讲解
很多托福考生会在备考中抽出一定时间读各类原版杂志报刊来积累阅读经验为考试做准备，但这种做法有时候效果并不理想，明明已经看了很多文章，到了考试做题时却还是会出现各种问题，仿佛课外阅读并没有为大家提供什么帮助。之所以会出现这种问题，其实还是因为大家没有搞清楚托福阅读考试中文章和课外读物文章存在的差异，以及因此造成的一些低效率的学习问题，而这些问题其实都有应对解决方法：
1. 主观阅读兴趣习惯导致的内容偏差
大家可能觉得，既然是做课外阅读，当然要尽可能选择一些自己熟悉或者是感兴趣的话题，能够让自己更有积极性地去进行阅读积累。这种心态会导致大家在选择课外阅读时出现比较明显的偏好倾向性，自己喜欢看的内容看了很多，一些托福考试 会考但自己完全不感兴趣的话题文章则完全没有看过。而到了考试中一旦遇到这些文章，考生自然就会觉得好像课外阅读没什么帮助，但实际上是因为考生根本就没怎么看过这类文章的课外阅读内容。
解决方案：既然大家做课外阅读练习的目的是为了托福考试，那么在读物内容话题的选择上就不能完全凭自己喜好来做出选择了。只要是托福口试会考的话题，哪怕自己不太感兴趣，考生也需要强迫自己去进行一定程度的深入阅读。大家可以自己总结或者上网找一下托福阅读文章话题类型的统计数据，看看有没有哪些话题自己了解较少或者完全不感兴趣的。给自己安排一些这类话题的课外阅读，考生才能为托福考试积累更为实用的阅读经验，提升考试所需的阅读知识面。另外，大家除了挑选原版报刊杂志上的文章以外，也可以把许多托福阅读考试中的文章当成课外阅读来看，不去看这些文章的题目，只是把文章本身当成课外读物，这其实也是不错的提升托福阅读水平的方法。
2. 读课外读物时没有培养考试习惯
这个问题也是考生比较常见的问题之一，大家看课外读物时一般很少会主动去使用托福阅读考试中的习惯，比如边看边思考总结之类的做法。很多同学面对课外读物主要还是以看完为主，了解文章大致讲了什么内容就算完成了任务，既没有关注文章中的词句细节也没有解题思路方面的训练，可以说是相当放松的状态。而这和托福考试对阅读的要求其实是完全相反的，大家如果意识不到其中的差别，那么读课外读物能够带来的收获和对考试的提升就真的很少了。
解决方案：虽然是课外读物，但小编希望大家还是能够把为托福阅读考试做准备放在心上。这么说可能有一点功利，但如果大家想要切实有效地通过读课外读物来提升实力，那么这样的功利心就很有必要了。反正都是做阅读读文章，为什么不顺便锻炼一下考试需要的阅读技巧呢?比如带着一些问题去读文章，或是多留意一下文章中的词汇和长难句，又或是读完后做一个简单的主题思想总结归纳等等，这些随手为之的简单训练其实都能让大家在读课外读物的同时提升阅读考试所需要的各种能力技巧，何乐而不为?
3. 没有明确时间限制读到哪里算哪里
托福阅读考试中最为考生诟病的一点就是时间要求太高，考生可能全程都处于时间压力大来不及看文章做题的状态之中。而在进行托福课外阅读时，可能大部分考生都不会刻意去给自己设定一个时间限制，大家的目标多以读完某篇文章为主。习惯了悠闲地读完文章，再回到托福阅读考试里进行限时阅读练习，考生自然会产生水土不服的感觉，这其实也是大家可以寻求突破的地方。
解决方案：其实很简单，那就是在做课外阅读时给自己加上时间限制。大家可以预估一下文章的篇幅字数，然后给自己定出一个对应的时间目标，要求在多少时间内看完文章。当然时间限制不需要定得很严格，但至少要给大家留下一个印象，那就是要在规定时间内读完文章。这种限制一旦加上，考生自然而然地就会在进行课外阅读时逐步培养出时间观念，主动去思考一些能够提升阅读速度的方法技巧。一旦时间观念养成，考生的阅读速度也就能逐渐跟上考试要求了。
综上所述，考生在备考托福时选择读课外读物来进行训练的思路还是值得肯定的。但其中细节还需要大家多加打磨，通过多种方式备考托福很重要，但能够把这些方法的备考价值最大程度发挥出来才是考生需要首先考虑的。希望本文内容能够帮助大家更有效地提升阅读能力，为托福考试做好充分准备。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：鱼类化石的横截面
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Cross sections cut through some of the fossils reveal that the mud filing the interior of the carcass differed in consistency and texture depending on its location inside the fish.
结构分析：
复合句，主句中含有that引导的宾语从句。
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词汇讲解：
carcass: the dead body of an animal
consistency: the consistency of a mixture or a liquid substance is how thick, smooth, etc.
texture: the way a surface, substance or piece of cloth feels when you touch it
句子分析：
Cross sections cut through some of the fossils reveal
主句中，cross sections 主语，cut through some of the fossils 过去分词短语作定语修饰主语， reveal 是主句的谓语。 本部分的意思是：通过一些化石的横截面显示。
that the mud filing the interior of the carcass differed in consistency and texture depending on its location inside the fish.
宾语从句中，the mud 是主语，filing the interior of the carcass 现在分词作定语。differed 是从句的谓语， in consistency and texture 状语。depending on its location inside the fish, 状语。 本部分的意思是：由于在鱼体内的位置不同，填满尸体内部的泥在稠度和纹理上都有所不同。
参考翻译：
通过一些化石的横截面显示，由于在鱼体内的位置不同，填满尸体内部的泥在稠度和纹理上都有所不同。
以上就是托福阅读中长难句的训练分析介绍，希望大家能够学到有效的训练和提升方法，让自己更为轻松地面对长难句得到高分。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：学科教学需要反思实践
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
This was justified by the view that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involve d in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.
结构分析：
This(主语)was justified(谓语)by the view that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching(同位语从句).
词汇讲解：
reflective表示“反思的”，比如：in a reflective mood 思潮起伏。
intellectually有“智力地;理智地”意思，这里表示“理智地融入到他们的角色和工作中去”。
enable sb. to do sth.表示“使……能够……”，是写作可以借鉴的词组，比如：Money from her aunt enabled Jane to buy the house. 阿姨给简的钱使她能够买下那幢房子。
paucity作名词，表示“缺乏”，比如：the paucity of imagination 缺乏想象力，a paucity of information 缺乏信息。
句子分析：
本句的主句是This was justified by the view that...，表示“后面的观点证明前面的事情是合理的”。什么观点呢?由that引导的同位语从句来作进一步的解释，同位语从句中的谓语动词分别是could help和enable，两者由and连接，形成并列结构。
参考翻译：
这一点被以下观点证明是合理的：反思的实践可以帮助老师们更加理智地融入到他们的角色和工作中去，并让他们在学科教学中能够应对科学事实的缺乏和知识的不确定性。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：白垩纪后期气候温和
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than today’s.
结构分析：
Data(主语)from diverse sources, [including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments](插入语), indicate(谓语)that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than today’s(宾语从句).
词汇讲解：
data表示“数据”，它是datum的复数形式，类似这样的单复数变化还有：medium(媒体)，复数是media;stratum(地层)，复数是strata。
geochemical表示“地球化学的”。
seafloor 指的是“海底”。
sediment指的是“沉淀物”，它的同义词是deposit 。
the Cretaceous指的是“白垩纪”。
preserve作动词，表示“维护;保存”，比如：The wreck was preserved by the muddy sea bed. (失事船只的)残骸被泥泞的海床保存了起来。该词是托福阅读词汇题所考查的高频词，近似于“save, retain, protect ”的意思。preserves作名词，生活中常指的是“果酱”。
句子分析：
本句的主干部分是Data from diverse sources indicate that...，其后that引导的宾语从句表达了来自各方面数据的结果。本句可以先读这个结果，再读including部分的插入语。插入语中preserved in seafloor sediments是过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的evidence，也可以改成定语从句evidence which was preserved in seafloor sediments，表示“保存在海底沉淀物中的证据”。
参考翻译：
来自各方面的数据，包括保存在海底沉淀物中的地球化学证据，都表明白垩纪后期的气候要比现在的气候更温和。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：气候自行变化的程度
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
We need therefore to know how much the climate can vary of its own accord in order to interpret with confidence the extent to which recent changes are natural as opposed to being the result of human activities.
句子分析：
therefore是承接上一句的逻辑，并不是本句内的因果逻辑，可以提到句首
of its own accord是固定短语，意思是 自发地、自然而然地
how much引导的从句跟在动词know后面，是宾语从句
第二个从句是定语从句，修饰extent, extent在从句中的原来位置是 to some extent 在某种程度上的意思，因为修饰extent,所以被提到前面，它前面的介词to也提到which前面，which代替extent
as opposed to固定短语，与什么相反，与什么对照的意思
interpret后面的宾语是the extend，中间插入了介词短语with confidence,修饰interpret
参考翻译：
因此，为了自信地解释最近的气候变化在多大程度上是自然发生的(与人类活动所造成的结果相比较而言) 我们需要了解气候有多少是自行变化。
1，粗看下文章的段数，对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段，那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话，对文章的整体意思心中有数。
2，每段段首变成中文理解，以迅速的进入状态，并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题，这段的段首也要读)
3，每读一段整理一次逻辑，A支持的观点是什么?A的观点的问题是什么?B的观点是什么?
4，鉴于每段都会出细节题，如果有词汇题等先只看一句话，做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章，鉴于有四个选项，选一个对的或者不对的，看的时候自己要边看边总结，比如总结出三个步骤，解释了三个方面的问题，或者其他。
5，检查，每个不确定的题都做记录，如果用心理解全文，一般能省下时间检查。
词汇题、句子简化题：只读该句不读完整段;
主旨题：看每段的主旨句即可;
修辞目的题：推测作者举例意图，查看上下句;
句子插入题：分析具体待插入的句子，代入验证即可;
细节题，排除列举题：确定关键词，查看上下句;
推断题：作者明确暗示确并没有具体写出的意图，推测关键句;
指代题：分析指代句的特征，主要根据就近原则查看上文。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
Glaciers are large masses of ice on land that show evidence of past or present movement. They grow by the gradual transformation of snow into glacier ice.
A fresh snowfall is a fluffy mass of loosely packed snowflakes, small delicate ice crystals grown in the atmosphere. As the snow ages on the ground for weeks or months, the crystals shrink and become more compact, and the whole mass becomes squeezed together into a more dense form, granular snow. As new snow falls and buries the older snow, the layers of granular snow further compact to form firm, a much denser kind of snow, usually a year or more old, which has little pore space. Further burial and slow cementation — a process by which crystals become bound together in a mosaic of intergrown ice crystals — finally produce solid glacial ice. In this process of recrystallization, the growth of new crystals at the expense of old ones, the percentage of air is reduced from about 90 percent for snowflakes to less than 20 percent for glacier ice. The whole process may take as little as a few years, but more likely ten or twenty years or longer. The snow is usually many meters deep by the time the lower layers are converted into ice.
In cold glaciers those formed in the coldest regions of the Earth, the entire mass of ice is at temperatures below the melting point and no free water exists. In temperate glaciers, the ice is at the melting point at every pressure level within the glacier, and free water is present as small drops or as larger accumulations in tunnels within or beneath the ice.
Formation of a glacier is complete when ice has accumulated to a thickness (and thus weight) sufficient to make it move slowly under pressure, in much the same way that solid rock deep within the Earth can change shape without breaking. Once that point is reached, the ice flows downhill, either as a tongue of ice filling a valley or as thick ice cap that flows out in directions from the highest central area where the most snow accumulates. The trip down leads to the eventual melting of ice.
1. Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The effect of glaciers on climate
(B) Damage from glaciers
(C) Glacier formation
(D) The location of glaciers
2. Which of the following will cause density within the glacier to increase?
(A) Increased water and air content
(B) Pressure from the weight of new snow
(C) Long periods of darkness and temperature variations
(D) Movement of the glacier
3. The word bound in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) covered
(B) chosen
(C) planned
(D) held
4. Which of the following will be lost is a glacier forms?
(A) Air
(B) Pressure
(C) Weight
(D) Rocks
5. According to the passage , which of the following is the LEAST amount of time necessary for
glacial ice to form?
(A) several months
(B) several years
(C) at least fifty years
(D) a century
6. The word converted in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) changed
(B) delayed
(C) promoted
(D) dissolved
7. What is the purpose of the material in paragraph three?
(A) To define two types of glaciers
(B) To contrast glacier ice with non-glacier ice
(C) To present theories of glacier formation
(D) To discuss the similarities between glacial types
8. In temperate glaciers, where is water found?
(A) Only near the surface
(B) In pools of various depths
(C) In a thin layer below the firm
(D) In tunnels
9. The word it in line 21 refers to
(A) formation
(B) ice
(C) thickness
(D) weight
10. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that a glacier
(A) can revert to a fluffy mass
(B) maintains the same shape throughout the glacial process
(C) is too cold to be thoroughly studied
(D) can contribute water to lakes, rivers, or oceans
PASSAGE 74 CBDAB AADBD
托福阅读真题原题+题目
In eighteenth-century colonial America, flowers and fruit were typically the province of the botanical artist interested in scientific illustration rather than being the subjects of fine art. Early in the nineteenth century, however, the Peale family of Philadelphia established the still life, a picture consisting mainly of inanimate objects, as a valuable part of the artist's repertoire. The fruit paintings by James and Sarah Miriam Peale are simple arrangements of a few objects, handsomely colored, small in size, and representing little more than what they are. In contrast were the highly symbolic, complex compositions by Charles Bird King, with their biting satire and critical social commentary. Each of these strains comminuted into and well past mid-century.
John F. Francis (1808-86) was a part of the Pennsylvania still-life tradition that arose, at least in part, from the work of the Peales. Most of his still lifes date from around 1850 to 1875. Luncheon Still Life looks like one of the Peales' pieces on a larger scale, with greater complexity resulting from the number of objects. It is also indebted to the luncheon type of still life found in seventeenth-century Dutch painting. The opened bottles of wine and the glasses of wine partially consumed suggest a number of unseen guests. The appeal of the fruit and nuts to our sense of taste is heightened by the juicy orange, which has already been sliced. The arrangement is additive, that is, made up of many different parts, not always compositionally integrated, with all objects of essentially equal importance.
About 1848, Severin Roesen came to the United States from Germany and settled in New York City, where he began to paint large, lush still lifes of flowers, fruit, or both, often measuring over four feet across. Still Life with fruit and champagne is typical in its brilliance of color, meticulous rendering of detail, compact composition, and unabashed abundance. Rich in symbolic overtones, the beautifully painted objects carry additional meanings — butterflies or fallen buds suggest the impermanence of life, a bird's nest with eggs means fertility, and so on. Above all, Roesen's art expresses the abundance that America symbolized to many of its citizens.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The artwork of James and Sarah Miriam Peale
(B) How Philadelphia became a center for art in the nineteenth century
(C) Nineteenth-century still-life paintings in the United States
(D) How botanical art inspired the first still-life paintings
2. Which of the following is mentioned as a characteristic of the still lifes of James and Sarah
Miriam Peale?
(A) simplicity
(B) symbolism
(C) smooth texture
(D) social commentary
3. The word biting in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) simple
(B) sorrowful
(C) frequent
(D) sharp
4. The word It in line 13 refers to
(A) Luncheon Still Life
(B) one of the Peales' pieces
(C) a larger scale
(D) the number of objects
5. The word heightened in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) complicated
(B) directed
(C) observed
(D) increased
6. The word meticulous in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) careful
(B) significant
(C) appropriate
(D) believable
7. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) repertoire (line 5)
(B) satire (line 8)
(C) additive (line 17)
(D) rendering (line 23)
8. All of the following are mentioned as characteristics of Roesen's still lifes EXCEPT that they
(A) are symbolic
(B) use simplified representations of flowers and fruit
(C) include brilliant colors
(D) are large in size
9. Which of the following is mentioned as the dominant theme in Roesen's painting?
(A) Fertility
(B) Freedom
(C) Impermanence
(D) Abundance
PASSAGE 89 CADAD ACBD
托福阅读长难句应对技巧备考训练心得指点
训练阅读长难句应少看多做
如今市面上专门用来训练大家应对长难句技巧的教材并不少，同学们为了搞定长难句问题也常会使用这些教材来进行训练。但在实际训练过程中，大家常会犯的一个错误就是看得太多而实际练得太少。很多同学可能会觉得这些教材讲的东西似乎也不难，看看里面的实例结构分析以后就算是长难句好像也没那么复杂难懂了。然而看懂了并不代表会做了，在实际做题遭遇到新的长难句之后能否灵活运用书本教材上的句式结构分析等技巧来应对才是关键。而只是看懂但缺乏实际应用经验的同学遇到长难句就很容易出问题，也就是俗称的眼高手低。因此，对于备考中的各类长难句教程资料，小编建议大家还是多以实际练习为主，积累应对经验，这样到了考试中才不会空有理论知识而无法实际解决长难句问题。
不要死背长难句句式多学习应对思路
死记硬背的问题也很容易发生在中国考生身上。要说记忆力，可能全球所有地区的托福考生中还就是中国考生的水平最高了。因此，面对变化多样句式复杂的长难句，也有不少同学直接采取了最为简单粗暴的做法，那就是硬背。“看不懂不要紧，我背下来总可以了吧。”抱有这种想法的同学相信不在少数。然而这种做法也是存在弊端的，先不说托福考试阅读部分的文章本身涉及知识面和学科范围就相当广，长难句本身的变化也绝非只靠强行记忆就能彻底覆盖的。在小编看来，托福备考中想要提升应对长难句的能力，比起费时费力又不讨好的背诵方式，大家更应该学习的是具体的应对思路，比如如何划分长难句中的主体结构和修饰部分，不同句式在长难句里常会起到哪些作用等等。学会了快速抓住长难句主要框架分析成分的技巧，大家才能在考试中更为灵活地应对不同结构的长难句，游刃有余地找到解题核心信息。
注意训练限时应对长难句能力
还有一个训练长难句的问题小编需要提醒大家，那就是限时练习。众所周知托福考试的时间限时是比较严格的，特别是阅读部分，题目量大时间又短，实际考试过程中考生是很难有充足时间慢慢分析长难句结构的。而实际上在备考中能够在不限时的情况下看懂长难句也只能算是基础中的基础，考生还需要为了应对考试中的时限压力而进行一些限时看懂长难句的训练。而在大部分的长难句备考教材中，关于如何提升看懂长难句速度的技巧是很少介绍到的，这需要考生自己通过限时训练来进行摸索寻找方法。总而言之，应对长难句能看懂只是第一步，快速看懂适应考试的高强度时间压力才是大家最终需要达成的长难句备考训练目标。
综上所述，托福阅读中的长难句如何应对考生还是需要在备考中多花一些心思进行专门训练的，而上文提到的这些训练心得要点，小编希望大家能够认真学习并结合到自身的备考计划中。练好了长难句应对技巧，大家在阅读部分冲刺高分也会更有把握一些。
托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Inequalities of gender...
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.
词汇讲解：
inequality n. 不平等
pastoralist /'p?st?r?list/ n. 田园诗的作者，畜牧者
steep /sti?p/ adj. 陡峭的;(价格或要求)过高的，不合理的
hierarchy /'ha??rɑ?k?/ n. 等级制度
结构划分：
Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened (by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth) (in most communities),and (also by the requirement) (that women acquire most of the skills of men),(including, often, their military skills).
深度分析：
这句话的重点其实就是：they seem to have been softened
修饰一：(by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth) ，介词短语
中文：没有严格的财富等级制度
修饰二：(in most communities) ，介词短语
中文：在大多数群落中
修饰三：(also by the requirement) ，介词短语，注意这里的also by the requirement和by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth是并列的
中文：也需要
修饰四：(that women acquire most of the skills of men)，从句
中文：女性获得大多数男人的技能
修饰物：( including, often, their military skills)，介词短语
中文：包括常用军事技能
参考翻译：
性别不平等也已经存在于畜牧主义社会，但由于在大多数群落中并没有严格的财富等级制度，以及要求女性获得大多数男人的技能像军事技能，这种不平等似乎已经被缓解。
托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：the constantly changing...
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity——sleeping, feeding,moving, reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example——are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms.
词汇讲解：
metabolize /m?'t?b?la?z/ v. 新陈代谢
enzyme /'enza?m/ n.酵
hormone /'h??m??n/ n. 荷尔蒙，激素
rhythm /'r??(?)m/ n.节奏;节律，循环
internal /?n't??n(?)l/ adj.内在的，内部的
结构划分：
Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity(——sleeping, feeding, moving,reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example——)are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers (that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms).
深度分析：
这个句子主干部分:
Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is insteaddependent somehow on internal timers.
大家要在读的时候要注意忽略那些细节，尤其是破折号后面的。
比较难理解的是the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers.
这里就是A or B的结构：
A= isdriven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset
or
B= isinstead dependent somehow on internal timers
中文：关键问题是，动物的作息是否是由外界条件比如日出日落驱使，或者相反，是以某种方式依赖于。
修饰一：(——sleeping, feeding, moving,reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example——)，破折号，解释说明
中文：例如，睡觉、喂食、活动、繁殖、新陈代谢以及产生酶与荷尔蒙
修饰二：(that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms) ，从句，修饰internal timers
中文：自身产生并遵循的生物循环
参考翻译：
一般来说，动物活动的不断变化的程度——例如，睡觉、喂食、活动、繁殖、新陈代谢以及产生酶与荷尔蒙——与环境的循环十分同步，但关键问题是，动物的作息是否是由外界条件比如日出日落驱使，或者相反，是以某种方式依赖于自身产生并遵循的生物循环。
托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：The disorienting effects...
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
The disorienting effects of this mismatch between external time cues and internal schedules may persist, like our jet lag, for several days or weeks until certain cues such as the daylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock to synchronize with the daily rhythm of the new environment.
词汇讲解：
disorient /d?s'?r??ntet/ vt. 使(人)迷失方向，使(人)混乱
persist /p?'s?st/ vi.坚持;持续
jet lag时差反应
synchronize /?s??kr??na?z/ v. 同时发生，与...一致
结构划分：
The disorienting effects(of this mismatch)(between external time cues and internal schedules)may persist, (like our jet lag), (for several days or weeks) (until certain cues such as thedaylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock) (to synchronize with the daily rhythm of the new environment).
深度分析：
这个句子主干部分就是The disorienting effects may persist
修饰一：(of this mismatch) ，介词短语
中文：这种不匹配
修饰二：(between external time cues andinternal schedules) ，介词短语
中文：在外在信号与内在循环之间
修饰三：(like our jet lag) ，介词短语
中文：像时差反应一样
修饰四：(for several days or weeks) ，介词短语
中文：几天或几周
修饰五：(until certain cues such as thedaylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock) ，从句
中文：直到一些外在信号像白天或黑夜重置了生物钟
修饰六：(to synchronize with the dailyrhythm of the new environment) ，非谓语动词
中文：以便和新环境的日常循环同步
参考翻译：
外在信号与内在循环不匹配引起的错乱反应可能会持续(像时差反应一样)几天或几周，直到一些外在信号像白天或黑夜重置了生物钟以便和新环境的日常循环同步。
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