托福阅读学习方法解读

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今天小编在这给大家整理了托福阅读学习方法解读(共含10篇),我们一起来阅读吧!同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“我爱灰太狼”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。

托福阅读学习方法解读

篇1:托福阅读学习方法解读

托福阅读学习方法解读 词汇知识储备很关键

托福阅读学习词汇量很关键

从某种意义上来讲,你积累的英语词汇量的多少,影响着你在托福考试中取得的成绩。如果说你具备的词汇量达不到最基本的要求,即使你的语言能力再强也过不了托福难关。之所以说词汇量的重要性,想必就算小编不加以强调,大家也都会很清楚。

试想一下,如果你掌握的词汇量不够多,当看见一个完整的句子时,你觉得你可能将整个句子要表达的意思理解清楚吗?所以说,想要训练阅读能力首先就要从词汇量上下手,只有掌握足够多的词汇后,你才具备他警告阅读能力的最低标准。

托福阅读学习知识储备很重要

当一个人知道的东西多了后,在面临问题时,就会显得更有自信,解决问题也会有自己的路子。这样方式在阅读能力训练中也同样适用,考生利用业余时间丰富自己的知识面,对各国或各地区等相关文化及常识有一定了解后,在参加托福考试时,当阅读到自己有所了解的东西后,解题试题时就会比较有自信和感觉,不会因为自己的不了解或是不清楚,对文章要说的东西特别盲目。相信每一位考生在解答试题时,如果阅读到自己熟悉的文章后,解答试题时也会比较轻松和容易。答题的准确率自然而然的也就会有所上升。

托福阅读学习做题顺序要注意

考生在解答阅读试题时往往会存在一定的误区,认为想要解答试题必须要阅读整片文章。小编在这提醒各位,这种理念是错误的。阅读文章的做种目的还不就是为了解答试题?只要能够准确的解答试题,不完全阅读文章页是可以的,有没有人会问你,全篇文章的详细内容,所以说,阅读时要秉着做题去阅读,而不是为了阅读而去阅读。

还有一点,考生解答阅读试题时,可以先看题干,对所要提出的问题有了一定的了解后,带着问题再去阅读文章,这样做在阅读时就会有着重点,针对性强,解答也比较容易,只要找到题干的大概范围,很轻松就可以选出想要的选项了。同时,也减少了大量的阅读时间,为你的考试赢回不少时间,可以用这部分时间去解答其他较难的试题。

托福阅读素材:4G是否在逐渐变慢

The new 4G mobile phone services in the UK are not as super-fast as the industry promised - and could get worse.

在英国,新的4G移动服务达不到运营商所承诺的超高速度,而且速度可能还会变慢。

The mobile phone companies boasted that 4G services would be ‘five times faster’ than the existing 3G networks when they launched in the autumn of .

当移动运营商在秋季开通4G服务时,它们宣称4G服务的速度将比现有3G网络快5倍。

However, a new official study puts the real figure at an average of 2.5 times faster - 14.7 megabits per second compared to 5.9Mbit/s per second on the 3G service that most people use.

然而,一份新的官方研究表明,真实的数字是4G速度仅比3G平均快2.5倍——也就是4G速度是14.79Mbit/s,大多数人使用的3G网络的速度是5.9Mbit/s。

At the same time, the evidence suggests that 4G services are likely to slow down as more people connect to them.

同时,有证据表明,当更多的人接入网络时,4G服务有可能变得更慢。

4G technology is being promoted by the big mobile networks on the basis it offers high speed internet access and smooth video streaming without annoying buffering.

基于能够提供高速的网络接入和流畅的视频流媒体服务并避免烦人的缓冲等优势,4G技术得以在大型移动网络中得到应用。

More than 10 million people have been won over by the promises and have signed two year contracts costing an average of ?20 ($30) a month.

超过一千万人被这一承诺所打动,他们签定了平均每月消费20英镑的合约。

When 4G services launched at the end of 2012, the average download speed was up at around 19 Mbit/s, however the new research suggests an average of 14.7 and other studies put it as low as 10.

当4G服务在20年底刚开通时,平均下载速度可达19Mbit/s。新的研究表明现在这一数字仅为14.7Mbit/s,甚至有研究认为只有10Mbit/s。

This has happened because more people are using the service, effectively causing jams on the airwaves. The only way this can be countered is if the networks spend millions upgrading masts and installing new ones.

这是因为越来越多的人开始使用4G,导致了无线网络的拥堵。而唯一的解决办法是由运营商投入大量资金对基站进行升级并且增加基站数量。

Vocabulary:

buffering 缓冲

托福阅读:“纯素食主义”的风险

近几年,素食主义悄然流行,越来越多的人加入了素食者的行列。不过,近日发布在自然母亲网络的一篇文章指出,纯素食也有潜在的健康风险,比如,纯素食者患肠癌的几率更高、骨矿物密度偏低,以及更容易缺乏维生素B12等等。营养专家表示,加入纯素食者行列意味着你要花更多的时间来规划饮食结构以保证各类营养摄入均衡。如果没有精力和时间详细规划,营养专家建议不妨做一个“弹性素食者”,即大部分时间吃素,偶尔吃点肉补充动物蛋白。

Thinking of giving up meat from your diet? The potential health benefits of a green diet are well established, but a story by the Mother Nature Network (MNN) says there are also some potential side effects and health risks associated with a vegetarian lifestyle.

Could low cholesterol kill you? A study by the Honolulu Heart Program found that elderly people with a “low cholesterol concentration” had a “significant association with mortality.” In addition, a review published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that while vegetarians have an overall lower rate of cancer compared with meat eaters, vegetarians do have a 39 percent higher rate of colorectal cancer.

Other health concerns associated with vegetarianism cited by MNN included lower bone mineral density and lower levels of vitamin B12. However, the publishers of the bone density study said the “magnitude of the association is clinically insignificant,” at just around 5 percent.

Going vegetarian appears to have gained popularity in recent years. A recent Yahoo Sports article even examined the diet of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) fighter Jake Shields. Though much of the media's focus has been on a worldwide trend toward bigger diets, whether that's Pizza Hut offering strange fast food mashups or yet another customer at the Heart Attack Grill proving that there is truth in advertising.

The lesson in these potential risk-factors seems to be that if you're going to become a vegan or vegetarian, you'll need to spend more time planning your nutritional choices to help ensure a balanced intake of vitamins and other nutrients. Though if you don't have the time or inclination for such efforts, there may be another option. University of Idaho nutritionist Katie Minor says that a “flexitarian” diet may be a viable third way.

“Flexitarians are people who are vegetarian most of the time, but once in a while will consume an a

nimal protein,” Minor told MNN. “The more restrictive you are with your diet, the more you'll have to closely monitor what you're consuming and the more likely your need will be to supplement. Work with a registered dietician to make sure you're not at risk for dietary deficiencies.”

托福阅读素材:爱尔兰通过同性婚姻公投

In case you haven’t heard, Ireland passed a historic referendum Friday. For the first time, same-sex marriage legalization was voted on by the people (they voted “Yes” btw). Here are some of the best celeb reactions to the news.

当地时间5月22日,爱尔兰通过了一项堪称史无前例的公投。有史以来第一次,同性婚姻合法化问题由民众投票决定(他们都投了赞成票)。来看看世界各地的名人明星们对这次公投的反应吧:

Hozier: The pure joy of it. I'm so proud of Irelandtoday... We can all take pride in making history. Only sorry I can't be there to celebrate!

爱尔兰灵魂歌手霍齐尔(Hozier): “开心极了,爱尔兰我为你自豪... 创造历史就是创造荣耀,可惜我不能到场庆祝。”

J.K. Rowling: Sitting here watching the Irish make history. Extraordinary and wonderful.

英国作家J.K.罗琳(J.K. Rowling): “坐等见证爱尔兰人创造历史,简直棒极了!”

Zach Braff: Ireland, if this is wrong, I don't wanna be right.

美国明星扎克?布拉夫(Zach Braff): “爱尔兰同胞们!如果这是错误的决定,那我宁愿一错到底!”

Ricky Martin: #Ireland says YES to marriage equality making it the first country to pass the freedom to marry by popular vote! #Love Always Wins

波多黎各裔巨星瑞奇?马丁(Ricky Martin): “爱尔兰成为首个通过公投实现婚姻平等自由的国家,真爱无敌。“

Sam Smith: So happy Ireland have passed the law to get married there. Still genuinely shocks me thou, that this is only just happening!!

英国歌手萨姆?史密斯(Sam Smith): “真高兴爱尔兰公投通过了。不过我还是惊呆了,这一切竟然是真的!!”

Ellen DeGeneres: Ireland did it! The 1st country to legalize marriage equality by popular vote, but they won't be the last! What an incredible accomplishment

美国脱口秀主持人艾伦?德杰尼勒斯(Ellen DeGeneres): “爱尔兰做到了!成为第一个通过公投使同性婚姻合法的国家。相信未来会有更多国家效仿,他们真了不起!”

Olivia Wilde: Go Ireland go! Show the world how to lead with love. So proud to be Irish today.

美国女演员奥利维亚?维尔德(Olivia Wilde): “爱尔兰加油!你让世界看到了爱的力量!身为爱尔兰人我倍感骄傲。”

Kathy Griffin: As an Irish-American woman who spread her father's ashes in #Ireland, I couldn't be prouder today!

美国女演员凯西?格里芬(Kathy Griffin): “ 我是身在美国的爱尔兰人,我曾将父亲的骨灰撒在爱尔兰的土地,为今天的爱尔兰感到无比骄傲!”

Russell Crowe: Dear Ireland, you are even more amazing.

好莱坞男影星罗素?克洛(Russell Crowe): “亲爱的爱尔兰,你越来越了不起。”

Jesse Tyler Ferguson: I'm staunchly against leaving civil rights up to a popular vote but I'm thrilled the populous Ireland seems to embrace #Marriage Eqaulity!

美国演员杰西?泰勒?弗格森(Jesse Tyler Ferguson ): “让公投来左右民权我是坚决反对的,但爱尔兰民众如此渴望婚姻平等真是让我振奋!”

Stephen Fry: The Irish people spoke. And the words they spoke were Respect, Dignity and, loudest of all, Love. The sanctity of marriage has been upheld.

英国演员史蒂芬?弗莱(Stephen Fry): “爱尔兰人民表达了他们的意见,他们表达的是尊重、尊严还有最重要的,爱。婚姻的神圣得以坚持。”

Alan Cumming: Omfg!Ireland! Have you done it? Is it really a YES?

美国演员艾伦?卡明(Alan Cumming): “我滴个神啊!爱尔兰!你来真的?公投真的通过了?”

Josh Jackson: Proud of my #irish heritage every day. But to today it is particularly strong #Equality For All

加拿大演员乔什?杰克逊(Josh Jackson): “一直以我大爱尔兰为荣,但今天的荣耀感特别强!平等至上!”

Seth MacFarlane: Congratulations to Ireland for legalizing same-sex marriage on a national level! Come on U.S., let's catch up to the future.

美国制片人塞思?麦克法兰(Seth MacFarlane): “恭喜爱尔兰同性婚姻合法化!美国,加油,让我们也赶上这个潮流。”

Hillary Clinton: Well done, Ireland. -H

美国国务卿希拉里?克林顿(Hillary Clinton): “爱尔兰干得漂亮!”

Vocabulary:

staunchly: 坚定地

sanctity: 神圣性

篇2:托福阅读语法现象解读

托福阅读语法现象解读 5大类后置定语讲解

什么是托福阅读中的后置定语?

后置定语,顾名思义分为后置和定语两个部分。后置也就是此种短语出现的位置是在名词之后,定语就是起到起到修饰限定作用的短语,注意是短语而不是句子,本质上相当于形容词。所以后置定语就是放在名词的后面起到限定修饰作用的短语。

托福阅读后置定语第1类

形容词做后置定语。如:fossil available.即为可用的化石。

托福阅读后置定语第2类

介词短语做后置定语。如lava on the surface,中 on the surface介词短语修饰lava,表示为表面上的熔岩。

托福阅读后置定语第3类

现在分词短语做后置定语。如the blood vessels carrying cooled blood.中的carrying cooled blood就是现在分词短语用来修饰限定the blood vessels,理解为运载着凉的血液的血管。

托福阅读后置定语第4类

过去分词短语做后置定语,the gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability中的caused by its diminished ability就是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰the gradual drying of the soil,理解为减少的能力导致的土壤的干燥。

托福阅读后置定语第5类

不定式短语做后置定语。the ability to absorb water中to absorb water限定修饰 the ability,理解为吸收水的能力。

托福阅读备考的五大黄金技巧

1、单词

虽然我们一直在强调单词不是最重要的,但是没有单词是万万不能的,对于单词的积累不是弹指间能完成的,而在记忆单词的时候也有无数种方法可以借鉴,

比如:记忆曲线记忆法:按照词汇书上的分类,每天一个pst,每天要做到及时复习。根据人的记忆曲线来讲,最初记忆过的单词要在最短的时间内进行不断的复习,才会对其记忆深刻。

词根词缀记忆法:这个方法大家在查字典的时候也可以注意一下,词根多来自于拉丁文等,此法有助于对首次遇到的生词进行拆分,猜测词意。

总而言之,记忆单词是学习一种语言最基础有用的方法,对于考试取得高分尤其如此,我们在学习过程中不能一味的复制别人的方法,要学会思考,找到属于自己的方法,一切皆可战胜!

2、泛读能力

所谓泛读能力是指得在短时间以内对一篇文章内容迅速把握。在对文章段落主旨句的阅读中,我们需要读的内容约有8-15句话左右,在3-4分钟以内完成对这些句子的阅读并总结文章大纲,就要求我们对于托福句子式结构熟识于心。而托福阅读中,句子长,成份杂一直以来都是大家在阅读上遇到的最大障碍之一。解决这个问题的方法,可以采用泛读技巧中的主句阅读方式,即对读到的每个句子进行结构分析,找出主句,再补充其它成份的细节内容。

当我们对段内句子的主要意思,讲述对象,及讲述方向有所了解之后,后期解题过程中使用到的答案定位(或关键词定位)便可以达到快,准,稳的效果。

把握住了文章主旨就得到了文章的写作方向与目的,辅以段落间的关系,会使得解题过程轻松无比。

3、段落结构

文章写作过程中,为了清楚的表达中心思想,会采用不同的段落结构,而结构的选取与文章类型及内容无关,仅是选取一种最为清晰的表达方式。段落内部结构从大体上来讲可以分为总---分---(总)的分点并列结构,或者总---分的观点递进阐述结构。相对来讲前者更赋逻辑性,而后者因其逻辑性较差而导致在阅读过程中难度系数相对较大。当大家对段落内部结构的分析日渐成熟的时候,便可以对段落主旨大意总结的驾驭做到轻车熟路,进而节约阅读时间。

4、句子结构

托福阅读中的句式结构复杂,想要快速的把握完整的句意,便需要分析其间所存在的各种句式,了解每种句式的结构结成,识别方法,处理方法,更进一些,还可以探究其写作方法,达到对每种句式从里到外的熟悉。

5、文章主旨的把握

首先,新托福的每一篇文章都附加了标题,可以通过对文章标题格式,内容,可能应用的文章书写格式三个方面对文章整体进行把握。

其次,每篇文章的长度由原来的300-400增长到了现有的700字左右,且段落由原有的2-4段增长到现有的5-10段,那么对于文章主旨的把握能力就显得无比重要。而要做到在短短的3-4分钟以内完成这件事情,就要求我们对段落结构,段落大意,以及段间结构即文章大纲的把握做到精准的程度。

托福阅读训练素材推荐

1、多阅读英文文章

我们成为extensive reading。阅读考试考察的是我们的理解文章能力,这个能力不是一天就训练的出来,是要经过长期积累而产生的。平时的练习就是一种锻炼,一种积累,要用正确的阅读方法和解题方法,这样每天的练习,就是不断的强化,长此以往,在考场上才能得心应手,不慌不忙,从容应对考试,考出高分来。多读英文文章会增强阅读能力,可以加快阅读速度,扩大我们的词汇量。这样的话在就可以减少在考场上推测生词意思上时间的花费了。节省下来的时间久可以用来更好低理解文章了。

2、读一些比较深度的文章

在时间宽裕情况下,建议读一些内容较深的文章,不认识的单词可以查字典并记录下来。托福的文章大多是大学程度的,需要我们平时进行一些有难度的训练,才能跟上节奏。

3、多去阅读一些常见大学科目的文章

如科学、科技、历史、政治、文化、文学、艺术、人物传记等方面的题材,自己在平时进行课外阅读时可以有意识地躲涉猎一些,这个就不用英语了,可以看中文的,我们的目的是要了解这方面的知识。比如说科技领域里面,正流行的是什么,未来发展的趋势是哪里,这些我们都要基本了解,因为很多阅读文章都是从这个方向上出题的,我们不可能了解的很深入,研究得彻底,至少做到心中有数,知道存在这样东西或这个事件,能有兴趣知道来龙去脉就更好了。虽然说托福的设计原则是让一个对文章主题所涉及的主题没有这方面知识的人,也能成功作答。但是如果你之前对这个主题有所了解,那么你就比其他同学对文章理解的更加彻底了,回答更能得心应手了。

托福考试阅读题目名师解析指导

1. Because the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible to produce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor.

O Photography did not replace other fine arts because people felt the image looked cheap in relation to the other arts.

O Photography was so cheap and readily available that it could be purchased by people who were too poor to purchase fine art.

O Photography not only spread quickly but also was a cheap art form and so became true successor of fine arts rather than its poor relation.

O Photography was not considered a true art because people could use it to create many images cheaply.

原句中,because表示因果,因为the medium非常prolific,后面in the sense that (在某种意义上因为)进一步补充prolific,prolific是因为produce cheaply;所以它被当成art的穷亲戚,而非继承者(rather...than...表对比)。

也就是说:因为medium便宜,所以多,所以不被当成fine art。

看选项,四个选项都有因果关系词,关键是把因和果匹配清楚;1st选项,说照片没有代替其他fine arts因为人们觉得图像看清来很便宜;结果对原因错,原因是照片真的便宜,不是看起来便宜。 2nd选项,so...that表示因果;照片太便宜以及太多,以至于买不起艺术品的人也能买;原因对,结果错,结果是不被当成艺术。 3rd选项,前面not only…but also表示并列,但spread quickly原句未提及;而且后面结果也说反了。 4th选项,照片不被当成true art因为它很便宜;虽然省略

最后,大家发现原句用的是medium,到选项却变成photography了,这个是个很好的paraphrase,用medium媒介这个词去替代photography。大家读文章的时候看到这种不太熟悉的词替换成相应的简单词去理解就好了。

2. Importing the grain, which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves, kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods.

○ Buying imported grain led to the Dutch demanding that other foodstuffs and consumer goods be imported.

○ Keeping the price of grain low was a primary goal of the Dutch at a time when they could not produce enough grain to provide for all their needs.

○ The demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods forced the Dutch to import grain and other products at a time when maintaining low prices was especially important.

○ Because the Dutch were able to import inexpensive grain, they had money available to create a demand for other food products and consumer goods.

原句中,先不看插入的定语从句;进口谷物使价格变低,因此刺激(stimulated)个人对其他消费品的需求;定语从句里面说的是,谷物如果自己生产就会很贵。

简而言之,进口谷物使得对其他产品有需求。

选项中,1st选项,最后的other be imported信息不存在,原句只是说有需求,没有说更多进口需求;2nd选项, keeping price low是主要目标,因为他们不能产生足够多的谷物与原句不符(when表示原因);3rd选项,对其他消费品的需求forced荷兰人去进口谷物,谓语动词前后的关系说反了。4th选项,因为荷兰人进口便宜谷物,用一个inexpensive概括了插入语中的定语从句;后面说结果就是有钱买更多。

篇3:4种托福阅读方法解读

这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章,要求读得快,理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额,定额要结合自己的实际,可多可少,例如每天读20页。

托福阅读备考方法二 计时

计时阅读每次进行5~10分钟即可,不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读,精力高度集中,时间一长,容易疲劳,精力分散反而乏味。

篇4:托福阅读做题技巧解读

托福阅读做题前不用通读文章?阅读做题技巧解读

托福阅读技巧一 做题前先通读

托福阅读时需要大致略读,略读一是可以掌握文章的主要信息以及每个段落的大意进而掌握全文信息,二是能够节省阅读时间,因为已经大致略读了一遍,然后进行审题,在根据问题所问的方法去确定需要精读文章的部分,进而节省了阅读答题的时间。

托福阅读技巧二 利用语境理解不懂的内容

考试的时候,不管英语基础好还是弱,都可能会出现有的单词或者句子不太懂得情况,出现这种情况也不要着急慌乱,可以结合上下文中的信息来判断,从而把文章整体构建完成,在进行不懂的词汇或者句子的推理推测。

托福阅读技巧三 做题养成好习惯

在平时练习的时候,养成阅读随时做标签的习惯,在阅读每一个段落的时候随手用几个词汇标记出整个段落大意,这样在遇到长篇幅的文章略读时做标记,阅读整篇下来文章的整体大意就能够掌握了,标记也是一个形成文章大纲的过程。这样做题还是有一定帮助的。

托福阅读技巧四 不要漏题

在托福考试里,题要答满而不留白,因为对于托福考试,错题有的时候会出现不扣分的情况,而你留下空白是非常不好的现象。

托福阅读技巧五 泛读必不可少

日常的大量阅读积累是托福阅读考试的一种有效的练习方式,大量大范围的阅读接触的文章题材就会广泛,这样扩充知识面,提高阅读能力,阅读的途径可以是书籍、报纸、杂志、网络等各方面。

托福阅读背景素材:普利策奖揭晓

Columbia University in the US recognized newspaper coverage of local calamities and international emergencies in the 99th annual Pulitzer Prizes on Monday. The Pulitzers are considered to be the most prestigious prizes in American journalism.

当地时间4月20日,第99届普利策奖在美国哥伦比亚大学揭晓,该奖项旨在表彰那些报道区域灾难和国际突发事件的媒体。普利策奖被认为是美国新闻界最著名的奖项。

The New York Times won three Pulitzers, including two prizes for coverage of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. The Pulitzer for Public Service went to Charleston, South Carolina's Post and Courier for its series on domestic violence.

《纽约时报》共获得三项普利策奖,其中两个获奖项目源于该报对西非埃博拉疫情的报道。南卡莱罗纳州的《查尔斯顿邮报》因一系列关于家庭暴力事件的报道,获普利策公共服务奖。

The Wall Street Journal won a prize in investigative reporting for “Medicare Unmasked,” the first reporting Pulitzer for the newspaper since . The St. Louis Post-Dispatch won for photographic coverage of the Ferguson, Missouri, riots.

《华尔街日报》关于美国医保方面的报道获普利策调查性报道奖,这也是该报自来首次获普利策奖。《圣路易斯邮报》由于对密苏里州弗格森骚乱的图片报道获相关普利策奖。

主要奖项获奖名单:

Pulitzer for breaking news: The Seattle Times staff

最佳突发新闻奖:《西雅图时报》员工

Pulitzer for investigative reporting: The Wall Street Journal with The New York Times

调查报道奖:《华尔街日报》及《纽约时报》

Pulitzer for explanatory reporting: Bloomberg News Zachary R. Mider

解释性报道奖:彭博新闻社 扎克里?R?米德尔

Pulitzer for national reporting: The Washington Post Carol D. Leonnig

国内报道奖:《华盛顿邮报》卡罗尔?D?里奥尼格

Pulitzer for international reporting: The New York Times staff

国际报道奖:《纽约时报》员工

Pulitzer for feature writing: Los Angeles Times Diana Marcum

专题写作奖:《洛杉矶时报》戴安娜?马库姆

Pulitzer for feature photography: The New York Times freelance photographer Daniel Berehulak

专题摄影奖:《纽约时报》自由摄影师 丹尼尔?波拉克

Pulitzer for fiction: All the Light We Cannot See Anthony Doerr

小说奖:《无法感受的光明》安东尼?多尔

Vocabulary

calamity:灾难,不幸事件

prestigious:有名望的

domestic violence:家庭暴力

breaking news:突发新闻

托福阅读的长难句解析训练

教学过程中经常遇到学生对于长难句的分析和理解不到位的情况,长难句的分析和理解会影响学生在托福阅读的理解,尤其是在句子简化题。这次题目解析针对于TPO的一个长难句:

Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.

难句类型: 复杂修饰+插入成分

本句的主句结构应当是Sediments are also dropped,but will be located inland at some future date; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick. 这是一个由分号隔开的并列句,分号前面的句子结构比较复杂,Sediments are also dropped ,后面跟了一个由where引导的状语从句,紧接着这个状语从句又加上了一个插入结构, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, 然后才开始进行转折but will be located inland at some future date, 但是马上又跟上了一个由when 引导的状语从句。分号后面的半句比较简单 such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.同学们面对这样的句子一定要先找主干,把状语从句、插入结构纷纷跳过,从纷繁复杂的句子中找出主干来,才能不被ETS出题人改写的句子所迷惑。

译文:

当河流汇入湖泊和海洋的时候也会有沉淀,这些沉淀最初在湖底或海底,但将来海平面下降或者陆地崛起时,它们就会分布于内陆,通常厚达几千米。

意群训练:

Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.

托福阅读中常见问题解答

对于托福阅读大家都有着各种问题存在,大部分都是之前没接触过托福阅读试题导致的,大家读托福阅读文章还没有掌握好要领,具体都有哪些问题呢?下面来看看具体的介绍分析。

1、如何合理利用技巧完成托福阅读?

参加托福考试的考试一般集中在高中生、大学生,词汇量在四五千左右,他们在接触托福阅读的时候会遇到很多生词,尤其是分门别类的学科词汇,分为地理、天文、生物学、动物学四大块,学员就会有很多的误解,到底应该掌握多少词汇才能做好托福阅读。其实只要确定好中心词汇和构架词汇的区别,对学科词汇只需要认知,对构架词汇需要熟知。在技巧中只需要通过分解句型,由于托福阅读特别长,每个都是长连句分析,把它按照逻辑分解之后,按照关键词,找到重点部分,最后找到简洁的出题主干,就很容易理解了。

2、在读托福阅读文章时应该采用什么顺序和方法?

读文章一般都是先看题目再读文章。看题目的话,托福和雅思的区别就在于要我们自己去定位,因为每个题目都是按照文章的顺序顺延下来的,只是在最后一个小结题目的时候需要翻开前面的文章,重点读每一段的首末句找到它。

3、平时再教学中,学生做托福阅读试题时有什么常见的误区吗?

大多数学生的问题都在于对句子的理解,尤其是复合句,学生无法理解整个句子,而是会按照个别的单次来分散,造成句子理解的中断。我们在教导的时候会把句子分解,让学生去看句子的构架,这样学生去找主干的话就会容易的多了。由于托福阅读中,一长段的内容实际上有效信息并不多,要从中找出有效信息就需要对句型有了解,只看独立的词就无法理解意思。

4、托福阅读是需要六级以上的词汇量才能得到相对较高的分数吗?为什么?

学生考过六级之后不一定能在托福上获得高分,六级和托福的考试还是有非常大的区别。六级的词汇量是考托福起码的一个基础。因为六级背诵的大多数是构架词汇,这些是需要熟练的。如果有六级词汇的基础,后续学习中基础提高也会比较快。

篇5:4种托福阅读方法解读

寻读又称查读,同略读一样,寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。

寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息,如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等,而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。

篇6:4种托福阅读方法解读

略读又称跳读(readingandskipping)或浏览(glancing),是一种专门的,非常实用的快速阅读技能。

略读有下列几个特点:

A.以极快的速度阅读文章,寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。

B.可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。

C.理解水平可以稍低一些,但也不能太低。

托福阅读推荐使用的备考材料

托福阅读备考中推荐使用的主要材料有:托福官方指南(OG),TPO1-31,老托福阅读100篇。

首先说OG,这本书对于初学者来说是比较重要的。拿到手时,先看一下36页到60页的内容,涉及十大题型的介绍,每个题型下面都有相应例题。在所有题型介绍完之后,有六篇和考试相仿的文章,可以挑出其中一篇或三篇用于自测。书中所附的答案都有详尽的解释。在上任何辅导班之前,都有必要自己先了解一下,这一方面在于摸清自己的水平,一方面也能提高之后首次课的听课效率。

其次是需要重点利用的材料,TPO1-31。TPO(TOEFL Practice Online)本来是在线测试的题目,现在在网络上都能找到模考软件版和word文档版,也可以直接找同学老师拷贝。不定期会有更新,现在一共出到了31套,也就是有93篇文章,相较于OG上面的文章来说。TPO的难度是有所提升的(最新版OG的3套练习均来自TPO)。TPO是托福考试的出题者制作的,是最接近考试难度的备考材料。任何主流的辅导班,基本都是以此为重点加以讲解分析。因此,TPO在质和量上都能满足任何学霸。

经常有学生问是不是越到后面的文章越难,但其实难度分布没有这一规律。如TPO1-2、8-3、9-2、13-2、16-2、19-1、19-3就比后面很多文章难得很多。使用方法是:

1、利用word版,从TPO1到10,可以按照OG中十大题型(除了内容小结题和图表题)的分类进行专门的题型练习,结合OG总结出一套自己的做题方法。

2、利用word版,从TPO10到15,进行整篇文章的整合训练,看前面所有的题型结合起来,在整篇文章中是如何能起到相互弥补的作用。这时的练习不需要计时。关键在于吃透题目、段落之间的关系。总结出内容小结题和图表题的做题方法,同时回顾之前篇章的这两个题目。

3、利用word版,从TPO16到20,整篇文章的计时练习。时间可以由慢到快(25分钟到23分钟再到20分钟)。分析错题原因的同时分析哪些题目上需要提速。

4、利用模考软件版,从TPO21到31,可以根据自己在步骤3中的情况,选择继续坚持整篇练习或者开始整套(1小时)练习。

上述过程中所有做过的题目,最好使用word版保存错题,错题分析要找到原文对应依据,写出自己当时的思路,分析自己的错因,以备在所有TPO做完之后再一次回顾错题,考前复习。另外,从TPO1开始,建立一个exel表格,养成整理生词的习惯,供反复复习。

最后说一下老托阅读100篇的使用。该材料可以在网络上搜到。这个是之前老托考试的题目,词语和句子的难度上不亚于新托福,但是题目难度上不高。每篇文章是新托的一半,即350字左右。对于基础薄弱的学员不推荐使用(基础薄弱的学员先背好四级单词,把OG上15篇文章全部翻译弄懂,然后就可以开始TPO了),而对于已经把TPO做得滚瓜烂熟又比较空虚的学员,可以用老托来对自己的托福单词查缺补漏,长句子可以练习翻译断句。题目因为在难度上与新托福有差距,并不推荐花太多时间去做和研究。对于题目的研究,精力集中在TPO的错题上是最好的。

托福阅读备考时间如何规划

托福阅读考试中许多考生认为阅读文章时必须要读懂每字每句,事实上(in fact),这是不必要的。托福阅读考试中,即使遇到陌生的词,但是根据上下文的意思以及自己的一些常识判断(judge),也不太会影响对文章的理解。

在托福阅读中,甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中,如果要用一个词来概括的话,那就是paraphrase,意译。无论是题干还是正确选项,大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过同义词来完成的(complete)。即题干中多用近义词来对原文中的句子进行替换,来达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。准确把握意译,是多数题目中准确在原文中定位(locate)信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个,都有着重要的作用(effect)。在后面的文章里我会结合实例解释这一点。

关于复习的时间安排(arrangement)。我认为,弄完词汇以后,就应该着手突击一下阅读了。如今各种各样的模拟题犹如英语辅导班一样大量涌现。不会出现我们早期考生有题舍不得做的情况了。但也不能太急功近利,单词没弄好就硬上阅读,有时候会适得其反。用1周的时间大量的突击,也是对单词的一个巩固。找到感觉以后就可以开始下面的复习(review)了。复习听力口语作文的日子里,每天一定要最少做3篇文章的题量,按照考试的时间要求(requirement),千万不可放松。做得多了,就可以把阅读当作一种放松了。ETS的阅读文章能教给我们各种学科的基础知识。(这与GRE有区别。托福的专业性文章还都处于一个启蒙的专业水平上,不像G那么变)阅读还可以教给我们一些老美的思路,老美看待问题的方式。阅读不会像你想象的那样痛苦的(painful)。

关于先看题目还是先看文章的问题。也就是做题时间安排的问题。在此问题上我与有的朋友也有过争执。我个人习惯是先用5—7分钟的时间通读全文,然后平均每个问题有1分钟的时间来回答。由于对问题的回答建立在了熟悉全文的基础上,每个问题又有足够的时间返回全文,每个选项都一一进行斟酌。我认为这样准确率比较高。但有的朋友本着居家过日子的心,认为1000多字的文章只出十几个题,必然有一些信息是没用的。这样通读全文就会浪费掉一些时间,不如先看题再回去找来的痛快。对此我不好妄加评论。每个人都应该通过考前大量的练习来制定出最为适合自己的方法。

无论是OG还是Delta,都把阅读的题目分成十类,即:Understanding Facts and Details, Identifying Negative Facts, Locating Referents, Understanding Vocabulary in Context, Making Inferences,Determining Purposes, Recognizing Paraphrases (Simplifying sentences), Recognizing Coherence (Sentence inserting), Summarizing Important Ideas and Organizing information. 我将按顺序一一解释。

还有很重要的一点,做题的时候,无论考试还是练习,不光要分析对的选项为什么对,更要分析错的选项为什么错。有时候分析错误的原因更为重要。有助于你把握出题的思路,培养感觉。这是非常有用的(useful)。

如何解答托福阅读插句题

1. 在段落之前的空,99%错误率!因为每段的中心容易出现在第一句,如果把第一句改变了,也就改变句意了。但同时请注意【两段式的插句题】,第二个段落前面或第一个段落后面的空反而容易是正确的!

2. 空后有代词this, these, that, those, he, she, they, it, such, each, other, one, another, both, each, anybody, none, some, any….的,一般来说是不对的,缘由是【代词不能跨距!】,如果在代词前面加了一句话,就会改变代词的指代对象。但是也是有例外的,比如该段只有一个主语,其他各句出现连续指代前句,就无法排除后有代词的选项。

3. 插入句中存在指代关系this, these, that, those, he, she, they, it, such, each, other, one, another, both, each, anybody, none, some, any….,一般不选择整段最前面的空!这是根据插入句本身无足轻重的地位决定的,一般不会考核段间承接关系,但【两段式插句题除外】!

4. 优先考虑【段落最后的空】,注意!这里说的是段落最后的,而不是最后一个空!(因为有时候最后一个空在段中)。因为放在最末尾,本身对文章没什么影响,所以,优先考虑这个空!

5. 空后有时间点,例如 In 1832, ….,而本句又不强调事件,一般不做选择,时间一般和前句发生的时间承接较为紧密,不可拆分。

6. 空后出现转折however/ but....、因果Because, as....、递进what's more/ in addition/ first/ second….【90%】高频情况下作为最次要的考虑位置!因为插入句承起不到那么强悍的、连接句间逻辑关系作用的!但经过详细排查位置之后,无奈之下但能对应或前或后的信息,则可放入!

7. 插入句中若出现积极或消极概念,有两种可能,第一、插入句为消极和前句构成转折对立,则前一句存在积极概念;第二、插入句和前句构成递进解释,则前一句为存在消极概念。(课堂大量实例验证为真!这一点会在群95499540和大家开语音课详细讲解,超爽的解题法哦!可以用到细节题、Except题等等其他题型中!)

8. 其他不作为有限考量的位置:举例句前,问句前(注意插入句为问句,一般位于段落末尾空,原因很简单,放段中,影响承接啊!)

9. 插入句中若存在表示“也”的also, as well. too….那么看第一次出现“也”后东东的概念,即为正确!

PS. 注意,一定要先行阅读插入句,而后采用直选法结合上述排除法!以上内容需要大量做题验证,最后形成语感!

篇7:托福阅读备考训练技巧解读

托福阅读备考训练技巧解读 如何提升你的文章理解能力?

托福阅读为什么会出现看不懂的情况?

要解决这一问题,首先我们先来看看阅读中到底是什么样的句子限制了我们对文章的理解,一起来看实例:

With the advent of projection,the viewer’s relationship with the image was no longer private,as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope,which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photograghic cards instead of on strips of celluloid.

When he grew older,William Smith taught himself surveying from books he brought with his small savings and at the age of ighteen he was apprenticed a surveyor of the local parish.

But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.

从上面句子可以看出来,这些句子都包含多重修饰成分,或者说句式比较复杂,这也是大家看不懂阅读句子文章的主要原因所在。而那对于修饰成分过多的句子,在此我们给出三种方案,也是希望大家能够达到的三大目标

训练一遍读懂句子的能力

这就需要大家能够快速抓取句子主干,摒弃之前养成的回视的习惯。以第一个句子为例,我们应能得到这样的信息:

With……,the relationship was no longer private,it ……,which…..

这样我们就知道了整个句子其实就是在叙述伴随着投影机的出现,电影不再是属于个别人的消费品,而后面的两种机器的例子,只是在举例说明这个一个观点。

训练以意群(word group)为单位进行阅读的能力

所谓意群,就是在句中按照意思和结构划分出的各个成分,每一个成分都称为一个意群。我们把第二个句子划分意群如下:

(When he grew older,)(William Smith taught himself surveying)( from books)( he brought with his small savings)( and at the age of eighteen )(he was apprenticed)( a surveyor of the local parish.)

划分过后,句子的含义就比较明了了,主要分为两部分:当他年龄稍长时,他用自己微薄的积蓄买书开始自学测量学;18岁时,就已经成为了当地教区的一名测量员学徒。

训练对语言逻辑词的敏感

a.并列关系:并列,递进,条件,因果(分号,冒号,破折号)

并列:and,also,or,similarly ,in the same way

递进:even,furthermore ,moreover,in addition,then,what is more

因果:derive from,lead to,due to,because,cause,since,for,therefore,hence,so…that,as a result ,result from

b.让步,转折关系:even though,although,while,but,yet,however,nevertheless,despite,in spite of

c.对比关系,比较级。

时间对比:when,while,after,before,since,until

比较级:more than,less than,most,above all

弄明白了这些词,我们再来看第三个句子,主干结构实际上就是一个and连接的并列句:

The myths……may continue as……and may even come to ……

这时再填充细节进去就容易的多了。

通过以上这3类针对性的训练,相信大家再想要看懂托福阅读文章就会变得轻松许多了。最后小编祝各位同学顺利备考托福阅读早日拿到高分和托福分手。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:最初驯化的兽群起源

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been, it seems entirely likely that much the same process of juxtaposition (living side by side) and control occurred in both southwest Asia and northern Africa, and even inEurope, among peoples who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle.

词汇讲解:

tame /te?m/ v. 使(某 物)驯服或顺从

intimate /'?nt?m?t/ adj. 亲密的,亲切的;私人的,个人的;精通的,详尽的

结构划分:

(Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been), it seems entirely likely (that much the same process of juxtaposition(living side by side) and control occurred) (in both southwest Asia and northernAfrica, and even in Europe), (among peoples) (who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle).

深度分析:

这个句子的主干就是:

it seems entirely likely,it指代后面的从句that

修饰一: (Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been) ,从句

中文:无论最初驯化的兽群起源于何处

修饰二:(that much the same process of juxtaposition (living side byside) and control occurred) ,从句

中文:和兽群毗邻而居并且控制它们的过程发生了

修饰三: (in both southwest Asia and northern Africa, and even in Europe) ,介词短语

中文:在南亚、北非甚至在欧洲

修饰四:(among peoples) ,介词短语

中文:在人民中

修饰五:(who had an intimate knowledge ofthe behavior of wild cattle).,从句

中文:对野生牛群行为了如指掌

参考翻译:

无论最初驯化的兽群起源于何处,在南亚、北非甚至在欧洲,那些对野生牛群行为了如指掌的人民当中,和兽群毗邻而居并且控制它们这样的过程极有可能发生了。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:土壤质量和杂草入侵

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.

词汇讲解:

fertile /'f??ta?l/ adj. (指土地)肥沃的, 富饶的;(指动植物)能结果实的, 能生育的;(指人的头脑)主意多的, 有创造力的

plow /plau/ v. 犁<地>,用犁耕<地>

compact /k?m'p?kt/ v. 将(某物)紧压在一起

coarse /k??s/ adj. 粗糙的;(指食物﹑ 酒等)低劣的, 粗劣的;不高雅的,粗俗的;

结构划分:

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded (by a large variety of weeds), whereas a neighboring construct ion site (from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) may remain virtually free of vegetation (for many months or even years) (despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.)

深度分析:

这个句子的主干部分是:

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded whereas a neighboring construction site may remain virtually free of vegetation

whereas然而,表示对比,对比两种情况

修饰一:(by a large variety of weeds) ,介词短语

中文:被各种各样的杂草

修饰二:(from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) ,从句,修饰a neighboring construction site

这个句子理解的难点应该就在这里了,这个从句把a neighboringconstruction site和may remain virtually free ofvegetation分开了,注意断句不要出问题。

中文:这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层(不要去理解啥是parent material,学术名词)

修饰三:(for many months or even years) ,介词短语

中文:几个月偶然甚至是几年

修饰四:(despite receiving the same inputof seeds as the plowed field.) ,介词短语

中文:尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子

参考翻译:

一块肥沃且被翻耕过的土地会被各种各样的杂草迅速入侵,然而一个邻近的建筑工地(这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层)可能几个月甚至几年都几乎没有植被覆盖,尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:成功移居依赖可用地点

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

Successin colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established.

结构划分:

Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- (a safe site) (where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) (at which the invading species can become established.)

深度分析:

这个句子的主干就是:

Success in colonization depends (to a great extent) on there being a site (available for colonization)

注意depend on被短语to a great extent(很大程度)隔开了,断句不要出现问题,后面还有一个放在后面的形容词短语(available for colonization)修饰a site

修饰一:(a safe site) ,同位语,解说说明前面的a site

中文:一个安全的地点

修饰二:(where disturbance by fire or bycutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) ,从句

这个从句有点复杂:

where disturbance (by fire or by cutting down of trees) has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level

(by fire or by cutting down oftrees),介词修饰放在后面disturbance

注意这里有一个并列结构,either or

either removed competing species

or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level

中文:在那里由于焚烧或伐木要么移除了竞争物种,要么减低了竞争水平和其它负面的物种间相互影响的水平

修饰三:(at which the invading species can become established.) ,从句

中文:入侵物种能够定居下来。

参考翻译:

成功的移居很大程度上依赖于有一个可用的移居的地点,即一个安全的地点,在那里由于焚烧或伐木要么移除了竞争物种,要么把物种间的竞争和其他负面的物种间相互影响减少到让入侵物种能够定居下来。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:哺乳动物的崛起与发展

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

However, no group or species can maintain its dominance indefinitely, and when, after over 200 million years, the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end about 65 million years ago, mammals began to flourish, evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriad of diverse species, including bats and whales, that we know today.

词汇讲解:

dramatic /dr?'m?t?k/ adj. 戏剧的;激动人心的,给人深刻印象的

flourish v. /'fl?r??/ 昌盛,旺盛,兴旺;健康成长,茂盛

terrestrial /t?'restr??l/ adj. 陆地的,陆生的;地球的

myriad /'m?r??d/ n. 无数,极大数量

结构划分:

However, no group or species can maintain its dominance indefinitely, and (when, (after over 200 million years), the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end) (about 65 million years ago), mammals began to flourish, (evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriad of diverse species), (including bats and whales), (that we know today).

深度分析:

这个句子主干:

no group or species can maintain its dominance indefinitely, and mammals began to flourish

修饰一: (after over 200 million years),介词短语

中文:在二亿年后

修饰二:(when the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end),从句

中文:当恐龙时代突然结束

修饰三:(about 65 million years ago),介词短语

中文:大约在六千五百万年前

修饰四:(evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriad of diverse species),非谓语动词

中文:从少数几种小型陆生动物逐渐发展到无数的各类物种

修饰五:(including bats and whales),插入语

中文:包括蝙蝠和鲸鱼

修饰六:(that we know today),从句

中文:我们现在所知道的

参考翻译:

然而,没有哪类动物群或物种能够一直保持统治地位。在二亿年后,当恐龙时代大约在六千五百万年前突然结束,哺乳动物便开始繁盛,从少数几种小型陆生动物逐渐发展到无数的各类物种,包括我们现在所知道的蝙蝠和鲸鱼。

篇8:托福阅读常见语法现象解读

托福阅读常见语法现象解读 不定式用法详细分析

1. 动词不定式的否定式

not to

She decided not to be late again.

2. 动词不定式的完成式

完成式表示的动作或状态发生在位于动词表示的动作或状态之前。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting.

3. 在It is/was + 形容词+不定式的复合结构

若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征,则构成不定式复合结构的介词应为of。

常用形容词有:kind, nice, foolish, silly, stupid, rude, cruel, wise, clever, brace, selfish, crazy, good, careful, careless, impolite, right, wrong等。

It is very kind of you to help me.

区别It is important for us to learn English well.

4. 在某些动词后, 可用it做形式宾语,然后加宾语补足语,最后加不定式作真正的宾语。

常见的动词有find, think consider, feel, make等。

They find it difficult to repay the money.

5. 动词+不定式作宾补

ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind order, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。

6. 在使役动词make, have, let和感官动词see, watch, notice, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等词后接不定式作宾补,不定式不带to,表示做某事的全过程。当他们转换成被动语态时,作为主语补足语的不定式必须带to(五看三使两听一感觉一发现)

Nobody saw him come in.

She was seen to enter the room last night.

注意:get 也能当使役动词,表示“使、让、叫”之意,相当于have,但两者也有所不同。

have sb. do sth.get sb to do sth.使/让/叫某人去做某事

have sth. done = get sth. done 使/让某事由别人去做

have sb./sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事

get sb./ sth.dong 使某人/物开始行动起来

You’d better have/get your hair cut.

He managed to get the horse running.

托福阅读与十年寒窗的阅读理解不一样

考试结束后,众宝宝纷纷“喊冤”,十年寒窗苦读、考前狂转各种锦鲤,最终败给一条半路杀出的草鱼。这种感觉,让人想吃一口鲷鱼冷静一下…

话说回来,长年研究托福考试的作者看到这个话题心下暗自欣慰,因相较之下,托福届的阅读理解要直白小清新的多。

然鹅,bug也因此产生:很多同学会试图把高考“想太多”的手感带入进来,出现依据原文联想、幻想、甚至臆想的情况,从而“误解”了其原本意思。

废话少说,主页君上道中文题,大家感受一下:

小明深爱着小强,以至于夜不能寐。

Q:哪个句子表达了原句的主要意思?

A. 小明不喜欢小强的话,就可以睡着觉了。

B. 小强迷人的气质,让人睡不着觉。

C. 小明痴迷于小强,彻夜难眠。

聪明如你,都能看出答案选C。

我们发现了什么?

ETS在设置选项时,会出现很多迷惑性的、看似与原文相似的信息;A、B选项实际都是原文本身不存在、却被随意推断出来的信息,而这种选项一定错;

正确答案会与原文发生paraphrase, 中文俗称“同义转述”。

明确了思路,我们来做一道托福英文题:

The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal. David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832. A recent Douglas biographer states:“ The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops.”

Q&A

Q: According to the paragraph, how had Fort Vancouver changed by the time David Douglas returned in 1832?

A: The fort had become the headquarters for the Hudson's Bay Company.

B: Deer had begun populating the meadows around the fort.

C: Deer populations near the fort had been destroyed.

D: Crop yields in the area around the fort had decreased.

答案C。

题目问FV地区有什么转变,取自原文最后一句:鹿消失了,是为保护庄稼而猎杀殆尽。destroyed转述原文的were gone。

我们观察下D选项,“庄稼产量减少了”。会有宝宝们开脑洞,难道不是因为庄稼要废了,才去保护的吗?所以也可以理解为庄稼的转变?--不选的原理很简单:原文没明说,不能随意推断。

综上,TOEFL小白们切不可忘,忠实于原文,不乱猜、不瞎搞,是做题要具备的基本品质。

如同,TOEFL里,鲁迅的“晚安”就是困了老子要睡觉了;“天黑了”就是夜幕降临了。想太多…对你没啥好处,科科。

低年级怎么备考托福阅读?

低年级的学生本身有其优点也有一定的缺点。优点在于年纪小,想象力比较丰富,对于新事物接受力强,精力也相对旺盛。缺点在于词汇量相对比较低,社会阅历少,对于有些题材文章理解不清,对于某些逻辑关系难以理解,定性不足。

就这些特点,我们来分词汇,语法,文章,三个维度来看该如何针对性准备。

词汇

低年级的学生在词汇量相对比较少,这不仅是指词汇的量也是指词汇的广度。

比如might,很多学生的都知道它叫可能,但是如果问他们这个词的名词性含义,很少有学生能回答出来。这就需要他们不仅在量上注意积累,更主要拓展词汇的广度,注意一词多义的现象。

那么该如何去积累呢?单词本身是比较枯燥的内容,对于小朋友来说,很难让他们拿着词汇书一页一页的背,但是他们相对而言联想能力又比较强。

所以我建议年纪比较小的同学在积累单词的过程中放在特定的语境里面,这样既可以让他们熟悉单词的各种含义,又可以让他们有足够的联想空间,增强对于单词的记忆,熟悉词汇的用法。

语法

在阅读中不可避免的会遇到很多结构比较复杂的长难句,如何快速的从这些信息中抓住主要信息,这就需要学生有能力找到句子的主干。

但是复杂语法有些概念本身对于小朋友就是很难理解的,比如虚拟。很多语法概念他们也无法分清,比如定语,同位语。

那么在这个方面,我建议多准备结构类似的句子,让他们逐渐熟悉这类型的句子,跟数学公式一样,套用这些例句,不需要特别清楚每个语法术语是什么,只需要知道看到某些特定类型的东西能知道如何处理即可。

文章

年纪较小的同学往往在看一些叙述类的文章中会比较有优势,相对而言有一定的故事情节,趣味性强很多。但是在托福阅读中会出现很多学术类的议论文和说明文,文章相对而言会比较枯燥。

所以在这个过程中建议可以补充一些视频,比如涉及到恐龙灭绝的原因时,可以引入一些视频,这样既可以增强课堂的趣味性,又可以让学生更好的理解文章的内容。

另一方面低年级的学生思维相对比较跳脱,逻辑不够清晰,所以在理解文章脉络的时候也会存在一定的难度。

这时候建议课下多让学生看一些简短的论文或者时事新闻,一方面可以锻炼思维能力,另一方面也可以积累社会阅历,为口语和写作拓展思路。

总结

低年级的学生在备考托福的过程中相对而言周期还是比较长,在这个长线的准备过程中一定要确定好自己的目标,同时保持持续的学习动力,这样才可以稳步进步。

托福阅读推理题中的类比逻辑关系

很多同学最近一直和我抱怨,托福阅读中的推理题好难啊,很多题目的正确选项在文中都找不到,说好的忠于原文,说好的不用多想,不用为作者分忧解难呢?这时候我会偷笑,因为你们在托福阅读考试流程里碰到的是细节题的升级版本—─推理题!我们平时在阅读教学中一直和同学强调,阅读要忠于原文,不要大开脑洞,所有答案均出现在原文中。唯独有一种题目即推理题,需要学生不仅在文中找到相关依据,还要根据这个依据走一步推理的过程,才能得出答案。

今天就想和大家分享一下阅读推理题中涉及到的一种逻辑推理关系 — 类比关系,此类逻辑关系一般出现在对比类的文段中。即文章中出现A,B两个比较对象, A与B有相同特征,于是我们可以根据A的特证来推断B也有相同的特征。举个例子:像小明一样,小红爱吃西瓜,于是乎我们可以从这句话里推断出不仅小红爱吃西瓜,小明也爱吃。接下去,我们就来看看这种逻辑关系在推理题中的应用。

Paragraph 1: When it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.

What can be inferred about whales from paragraph 1?

A . They are considered by some to be reptiles.

B. Their bodies are built in a way that helps them manage extremely cold temperatures.

C .They are distantly related to leatherback turtles.

D .They can swim farther than leatherback turtles.

这道题目,题干问我们根据第二段的内容我们可以对鲸鱼作出何种推断,于是乎我们根据解题技巧快速回到文中搜索定位词whales, 找到以下这句话 ”the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle.” 这句话告诉我们leatherback turtle更像爬行的whales, 虽然此句没有直接提到whales的特征,但我们可以根据刚刚提到的类比关系做一步逻辑推断啊。既然leatherback turtle很像whales, 那么leatherback turtle的特征也应该就是whales的特征,因此我们只要找到leatherback turtle的描述信息即可发现whales的特征。原文最后一句话提到, leatherback turtle会游到寒冷的南北海洋并且有特殊的处理冰水的能力。于是乎我们可以得出whales也有相同特征。答案对应B选项。

再来看一道稍难的题目吧

Buck rubs also have a scent. These odors make buck rubs an important means of olfactory communication. Forehead rubbing by male deer on buck rubs presumably sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species. The presence of many well-marked rubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity rather than simply being a crude measure of relative deer abundance in a given area. The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.

What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the trumpeting of bull elk?

A.Trumpeting by higher-status bull elk signals their presence to other members of their species.

B.Bull elk need to combine trumpeting with olfactory signals to covey information about their identity.

C.Trumpeting alerts white-tailed deer to the presence of bull elk in their vicinity.

D.Trumpeting provides a better measure of deer presence in a given area than buck rubs do.

此题问我们,根据第四段我们可以对trumpeting of bull elk做出怎样的推断。根据关键词trumpeting of bull elk我们快速找到原文最后一个单词。既然是出现在文章的最后位置,那我们只好去往前推了。而前句又提到了一个我们非常熟悉的逻辑关系—─类比关系。来看这句话 The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.这句话告诉我们buck rub发出的olfactory signal和trumpeting of bull elk发出的auditory signal有相同的社会作用。根据前文我们知道buck rub可以反映年长雄鹿在鹿群里的社会地位。于是乎我们便可以做进一步推理,即trumpeting of bull elk也应该有相似地功能。

我想,只要我们的同学能够熟练掌握这种逻辑推理方法,将来一定可以避免在做这类推理题时常常出现的无从下手的困境。

篇9:托福阅读:托福阅读主旨题战略解读

托福阅读:托福阅读主旨题战略解读

编者认为托福阅读主旨题的解法应该分为两步:第一步:通读拉构架。 第二步:由4个判断选项标准解题。

一、如何以最快的速度拉出文章构架:即要在做所有题目之前快速跳读一遍文章。

通读文章的时候只需要读每段的首句、末句和转折句。一般抓住了首末句和转折句就抓住了一段的主旨。

读首末句的原因大家都很理解,为什么要读转折句呢?你看,一般首句说了什么,后面没有明显转折的话,通常就是两种情况:要么解释一下第一句的意思,要么就是顺着第一句往下说,最后再总结一下。这两种情况都是只读首末句就可以概括出段落大意。可是如果中间出现了转折句,那么转折句后面的部分很可能和第一句说的不是一回事儿了,转折句就把文章一段分成了前后两层,转折句本身呢,通常就是第二层的首句了,也就是第二层意思的概括。

读每段的首末句和转折句的时候要做一下笔记,把每段的主旨意思用短句或关键词的形式记在草稿纸上。

记录是非常重要的!!!这样看似浪费时间,其实是节省时间的关键。因为只有做了笔记才能节省做题的时候回去看文章的时间,那时候回去找文章是十分痛苦的,尤其是人家让找的又是主要内容,这种东西又是没法定位的,要读的内容太多,一下子就慌了。

补充说明一下:只读首句末句和转折句,在大多数的情况下是可以找到段落主旨的。不排除一些特殊情况下此种方法不可行,但是首先托福阅读选的文章是很规整的,通常是大学课本里的文章,这些文章的逻辑性很强,结构严谨,所以用这种办法可行度很高。

对于一些更加繁琐的快速阅读的规则,其实很不实用,规则一多就记不住,平时都记不住考场上更用不上,而且那样很耗时间,要判断哪句该读哪句不该读,有这时间直接都读一遍算了。

二、判断选项的四个标准:

一对三错——段意对,细节错,与文意相反错,编造文中没有出现的东西错。下面一一解释:

1)段意对:

如果某个选项恰好是刚刚笔记上记下的段意,则选项为正确选项。题干要求选出三个能概括文章主要内容的选项,用正常的思维去想一想,我们一般用什么来概括文章的主要内容呢?当然是段意了。

2)细节错:

人家要的是文章的主要内容,细节显然是错误答案。关键是怎么判断细节——标准就是细节是不需要被解释的内容。举个例子:我说“你是个好人”这就不是细节,这个需要解释:你为什么是好人。可是我说“你朋友借了你100块钱不还你也不催债”,这就是个细节。这句话不需要解释,它是用来解释你是个好人这句话的。所以说,看到一个选项,觉得这话没什么要解释的,那这个选项一定错了。

3)和文意相反的选项是错的:

这个理由很明白,不用解释什么,关键是你怎么知道哪个选项是和文意相悖的呢?你不是说只读每段的首末句和转折句吗?很多含有细节的句字都读不到呀。

这个问题的解决办法在于做题中积累信息。开始的快速阅读只是构建文章的框架,做主旨题之前的题目的过程就是积累细节的过程,这个不用刻意为之,因为之前的题目都是句子定位或者段落定位的,做题的过程中自然会读到每段的细节。

4)编造出来的选项是错的:

有一种情况是比较让人郁闷的,就是看到一个选项,又不是段意,也不能准确判断就是个细节,并且也判断不出这个选项和文中的那个内容有所违背。这时候有些考生就慌了,觉得自己是文章没有读仔细,又返回去读文章,可是慌慌张张读了半天还是找不到和这个选项有关的内容。

其实不必回去读文章了,关键是头脑要冷静。人家要的文章的主要内容,主要内容一定是某一段的段意或者某几段段意的总结,所以这时候要做的惟一事情就是把段意再总结一遍,如果这个选项和某一段或某几段的段意相符,那么正确,否则这就是一个编造选项,当机立断地把它排除掉!

如何短时间内提高托福阅读

不管是普通英语阅读还是托福阅读,讲究的就是要多读,“书读百遍,其意自见”多做习题,阅读对英语词汇量的要求是特别高的,就和中文一样,给你一篇语文阅读理解,很多汉字你都不认识,那这篇文章显然你是不能理解的,托福阅读也是如此。

托福阅读跟我们语文阅读考察的东西其实还是蛮相似的做阅读,单词是基础,是必须攻克的一关,之后我们就可以通过大量的刷题来掌握不同题型的解题思路和方法,达到理想的分数。可以说,托福阅读是四个部分相对来说比较好攻克的部分,大部分学生都可以通过大量的练习和思维的训练取得近乎满分的高分,所以大家一定要对自己有信心啦!托福阅读除了最后的文章总结题需要读完全文再判断以外,其他的题目都是和旁边的段落一一对应的。

阅读速度的主要可以分为三个部分:浏览-略读-扫读

浏览:就是在做文章之前进行浏览,对文章主题进行一个整体的把握,主要看一下题目、小标题等;

略读:需要你在短时间内掌握句子或段落的内容,这就需要你跳过一些东西;

扫读:在短时间内迅速找出一个单词在文章中位置的能力,这个能力完全可以靠自己多年的阅读经验来培养。

因此,做题不需要严格按照规定的顺序来。程度好的学生可以按照题号顺序做题;差一点的应按照难易程度进行,实现分数的最大化。填空类别的题目通常最简单,可以先做。

选择类通常都较难,放到后面做。此外,大家还应该选择3篇文章中背景最熟悉的一篇先做,树立做题信心,以提高文章的正确率。

托福阅读考什么

托福阅读是后面所有单项的基础,这个部分如果没有打牢的话,往往会造成后面的单项无论如何发力都不能提升,所以一定要争取高分!在这一部分,我们的备考原则是:循序渐进,由浅入深。结合前面做的评测结果,有针对性的备考托福阅读有一定要把握好单词、语法、长难句即可。

1. 单词

多背多记,一定是必须要做的。这里就不多说了。

2. 语法

这一条更多的是针对初级水平的宝宝们来说,除了背单词之外,其实就是要打磨语法。我们可以通过一个体系将自己的英语语法梳理一遍,如果时间比较长,比如说1-2年的时间,而且自学能力不是特别好的话可以找一些课程听一听。但是如果是比较着急的考友,来进行自学,建议大家可以去做一下托福的语法的真题,通过做题来让自己对于语法的细节可以进行熟练的运用,当然,分析错题,并且研究里面的讲解永远是很好的学习方法。

当大家可以刷10-20套老托福语法真题的时候,其实就已经具备了一个初步做题的能力,就可以尝试直接做TPO,然后再根据里面的错题来分析自己的问题。

3. 长难句

这一项是几乎90% 的考生都被打败的一项,长难句,顾名思义,不仅句子长,单词多,而且句子的结构复杂,有些甚至是层层嵌套,这些一系列的特征就让很多阅读能力平平的考生望而却步,那么,如何提高学生的阅读能力,帮助学员攻克阅读长难句呢?

(1)判断是简单还是复杂句?

当考生拿到一道句子简化题的时候,首先要做的就是对于题目中出现的长难句进行句类的判断。如果该句只含有一个主谓结构,并且句子各成分都只由单词或者短语构成,那么这个句子就是简单句。如果该句包含分句,那么这个句子就是复杂句。

(2)找出主干和句内逻辑

在对长难句的句类判断之后,考生可以分析这个句子内部的逻辑关系。对于简单句来说,只要找出这个句子的主干,即主谓宾语。而对于复杂句来说,考生需要做的就是分析复杂句内部各分句之间的逻辑关系。在句子简化题中最常考的逻辑关系分别有四种:并列、因果、转折、比较。要判断逻辑关系,考生可以在阅读过程中寻找相应的逻辑词,如and、but、because等等。

(3)在选项中找到句子主干和逻辑关系

当考生完成对句子的分析之后,考生就要去看选项了。但是这个时候考生不能只是去看选项,考生要做的是在选项里寻找考生刚刚对句子进行分析的结果:主干和逻辑关系。在判断句类和找到主干、逻辑关系后,考生就来看一下选项。如果选项主干和逻辑齐全,就是正确选项。其余都是错的。

托福阅读中易错的词汇

1. address

熟义:n.地址僻义:v.向...致辞, 演说Depending on whom he is addressing, the problems will be different.

根据与他谈话的不同对象,问题也有所不同。

2. diet

熟义:n.饮食习惯僻义:n.减肥,瘦身;议会American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, and haslearnt to be more quick-witted.

美国的工业已经改变了结构,进行了瘦身,学会了明智。

3. cause

熟义:n./v.原因,导致僻义:n.事业,理想,目标One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theorythat animals have rights ruling out their use in research.

一个这样的事业现在正在寻求终止生物医学的研究,因为有这样一种理论说,动物享有权利禁止它们被用于实验。

4. novel

熟义:n.小说僻义:adj.新颖的When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to determine itspurposes.

当一种新的文学理念出现时,人们应该试着去了解它的意图。

5. realize

熟义:v.意识到僻义:v.实现,发挥Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so thatyounger,healthier people can realize their potential.

据说,Colorado州前州长Richard Lamm曾经说,老年多病者“有责任死去和让位”,以让更年轻、更健康的人们去发挥他们的潜能。

6. stop

熟义:n./v.停止僻义:n.句号We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.

我们必须大量使用基本词汇,摆脱句号,修饰性形容词及限定动词的羁绊。

7. sound

熟义:n. 声音, 语音, 噪音 v. 听起来僻义:adj.健全的, 合理的, 有效彻底的, 健康的(soundand safe: 安然无恙)If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.

如果我们准备保护大气,关键要让这些新发电厂对环境无害。

8. firm

熟义:adj. 结实的,稳固的僻义:n. 公司,商号Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tellanyone,even the victim, when data went astray.

直到加利福尼亚最近通过了一项法律,美国的公司不必告知任何人信息何时泄露,甚至包括受害人。

9. might

熟义:may的过去式僻义:n. 力量,威权 (with might and main: 尽全力)The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.

这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲,并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。

10. weather

熟义:n.天气僻义:v.经受风雨,度过难关This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered byunemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather badtimes.

这种“附加工人效应”可以支持失业保险或残疾保险所提供的保障制度,以帮助家庭渡过困难时期。

篇10:解读托福阅读做题4大误区

解读托福阅读做题4大误区 纠正答题思路提升得分率

误区一“选择题,就是要用排除法”

这是一个常见的认知错误。要知道四个选项,有三个错误,只有一个正确的,且位置不定,毫无规律可循。试问,选错的概率比选对的概率高50%。所以,排除法并不好用。只有把选择题当做简答题做,即从原文中找到题干对应答案,再进行选择才是正确,而且往往阅读高手还可以节约掉不必要的阅读选项的时间。

选择题,不用排除法,而当做简答题完成。

误区二“标题是摆设,直接读文章”

这是流行在托福界的一个普遍的错误。如果标题真的没用,那么精于算计的American考官早就取消了。标题是一篇文章的主题所在,理解它,就可以预判文章的内容,甚至是结构。同时提升阅读兴趣,避免考试阅读疲劳症的出现。我的“严师高徒”班的同学们都可以证明这一点。

标题必须看,而且要预测文章基本结构和大体内容。

误区三“词汇题,只有增加词汇量才行”

同学,你out了。要知道在托福的词汇考核中,基本词汇量、构词法分析还有上下文推断是三个考点。意味增加词汇量,只能对基本词汇量和部分构词法词汇起到帮助,对上下文推断收效甚微,这就是为什么经常有考试词汇量大概10,000但是托福阅读仍旧还在24-26分徘徊的原因。所以,词汇理解必须基于句子结构搭配,以及上下文分析方可。当然,这种提升是针对要冲击28-30满分的学生的要求。目前分数还在18分左右的学员还是要增加更多的词汇,可千万不要把从文章中判断词义作为自己不积累词汇的借口呀。矫枉过正,适得其反。

词汇题,有时需要结合上下文理解,但是词汇量仍旧是基础。

误区四“最有一题,最后才看”

这种观点只有没有经验的菜鸟托福才这样想、并这样做。因为它的最终结果只会是浪费时间重读原文,或YY答案,其正确率根本没有保障。正确之道是先看,而非后看。因为最后一题要么要求总结文章段落大意,要么是分类填表。只有提前了解了题型和基本要求,才能在阅读时有的放矢,让文章阅读只做一遍。不必要的阅读时间缩短了,正确率才会提高。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

There are only a few clues in the rock record about climate in the Proterozoic eon. Much of our information about climate in the more recent periods of geologic history comes from the fossil record, because we have a reasonably good understanding of the types of environment in which many fossil organisms flourished. The scarce fossils of the Proterozoic, mostly single-celled bacteria, provide little evidence in this regard. However, the rocks themselves do include the earliest evidence for glaciation, probably a global ice age.

The inference that some types of sedimentary rocks are the result of glacial activity is based on the principle of uniformitarianism, which posits that natural processes now at work on and within the Earth operated in the same manner in the distant past. The deposits associated with present-day glaciers have been well studied, and some of their characteristics are quite distinctive. In 2.3-billion-year-old rocks in Canada near Lake Huron (dating from the early part of the Proterozoic age), there are thin laminae of fine-grained sediments that resemble varves, the annual layers of sediment deposited in glacial lakes. Typically, present-day varves show two-layered annual cycle, one layer corresponding to the rapid ice melting and sediment transport of the summer season, and the other, finer-grained, layer corresponding to slower winter deposition. Although it is not easy to discern such details in the Proterozoic examples, they are almost certainly glacial varves. These fine-grained, layered sediments even contain occasional large pebbles or dropstones, a characteristic feature of glacial environments where coarse material is sometimes carried on floating ice and dropped far from its source, into otherwise very fine grained sediment. Glacial sediments of about the same age as those in Canada have been found in other parts of North America and in Africa, India, and Europe. This indicates that the glaciation was global, and that for a period of time in the early Proterozoic the Earth was gripped in an ice age.

Following the early Proterozoic glaciation, however, the climate appears to have been fairly benign for a very long time. There is no evidence for glaciation for the next 1.5 billion years or so. Then, suddenly, the rock record indicates a series of glacial episodes between about 850 and 600 million year ago, near the end of the Proterozoic eon.

1. Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How patterns in rock layers have been used to construct theories about the climate of the

Proterozoic age

(B) What some rare fossils indicate about glacial conditions during the late Proterozoic age

(C) The varying characteristics of Proterozoic glacial varves in different parts of the world

(D) The number of glacial episodes that the Earth has experienced since the Proterozoic age

2. According to the passage , the fossil record of the Proterozoic eon is

(A) highly regarded because it preserves the remains of many kinds of organisms

(B) less informative than the fossil record of more recent periods

(C) very difficult to interpret due to damage from bacteria

(D) more useful to researchers than otheraspects of the rock record

3. The word scarce in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) ancient

(B) tiny

(C) available

(D) rare

4. It can be inferred from the passage that the principle of uniformitarianism indicates that

(A) similar conditions produce similar rock formations

(B) rock layers in a given region remain undisturbed over time

(C) different kinds of sedimentary rocks may have similar origins

(D) each continent has its own distinctive pattern of sediment layers

5. The word resemble in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) result from

(B) penetrate

(C) look like

(D) replace have similar origins

6. According to the passage , the layers in varves are primarily formed by

(A) fossilized bacteria

(B) pieces of ancient dropstones

(C) a combination of ancient and recent sediments

(D) annual cycles of sediment transport and deposition

7. The phrase the other in line 17 refers to another

(A) annual cycle

(B) glacial lake

(C) layer of sediment

(D) season

8. According to the passage , the presence of dropstones indicates that

(A) the glacial environment has been unusually servere

(B) the fine-grained sediment has built up very slowly

(C) there has been a global ice age

(D) coarse rock material has been carried great distances

9. Why does the author mention Canada, North America, Africa, India, and Europe in lines 23-24?

(A) To demonstrate the global spread of dropstones

(B) To explain the principles of varve formation

(C) To provide evidence for the theory that there was a global ice age in the early Proterozoic eon

(D) To illustrate the varied climatic changes of the Proterozoic eon in different parts of the globe

10. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A) fossil record (line 3)

(B) laminae (line 13)

(C) varves (line14)

(D) glacial episodes (line 28)

PASSAGE 92 ABDAC DCCCC

托福阅读真题原题+题目

In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents — New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy.

The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only supplied jobs; it disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America's greatest refining center.

Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of 400 square miles. It was a city without a real center. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

(A) The growth of cities in the United States in the early 1900's

(B) The development of the Southern California oil fields

(C) Factors contributing to the growth of Los Angeles

(D) Industry and city planning in Los Angeles

2. The author characterizes the growth of new large cities in the United States after 1900 as

resulting primarily from

(A) new economic conditions

(B) images of cities shown in movies

(C) new agricultural techniques

(D) a large migrant population

3. The word meteoric in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) rapid

(B) famous

(C) controversial

(D) methodical

4. The word it in line 8 refers to

(A) aqueduct

(B) vision

(C) water

(D) agricultural potential

5. According to the passage , the most important factor in the development of agriculture around

Los Angeles was the

(A) influx of new residents to agricultural areas near the city

(B) construction of an aqueduct

(C) expansion of transportation facilities

(D) development of new connections to the city's natural harbor

6. According to the passage , the initial success of Hollywood' s motion picture industry was due

largely to the

(A) availability of many skilled workers

(B) beauty of the countryside

(C) region's reputation for luxurious lifestyles

(D) region's climate and good weather

7. It can be inferred from the passage that in 1930 the greatest number of people in the Los

Angeles area were employed in

(A) farming

(B) oil refining

(C) automobile manufacturing

(D) the motion picture industry

8. According to the passage , the Southern California oil fields were initially exploited due to

(A) the fuel requirements of Los Angeles' rail system

(B) an increase in the use of gasoline engines in North America

(C) a desire to put unproductive desert land to good use

(D) innovative planning on the part of the city founders

9. The phrase apace with in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) anew with

(B) apart from

(C) as fast as

(D) at the middle of

10. It can be inferred from the passage that the spatial organization of Los Angeles contributed to

the relative decline there of

(A) public transportation

(B) industrial areas

(C) suburban neighborhoods

(D) oil fields

11. The visitors from the east coast mentioned in the passage thought that Los Angeles

(A) was not accurately portrayed by Hollywood images

(B) lacked good suburban areas in which to live

(C) had an excessively large population

(D) was not really a single city

PASSAGE 93 CAACB DCBCA D

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