以下是小编整理的高考英语时态语态解题技巧（共含10篇），欢迎阅读与收藏。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“元旦ni5”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
一般将来时的用法：
由 will 加动词原形构成，当主语是第一人称时，也可以用 shall 加动词原形。如：
Telephone me this evening. I’ll be at home. 今晚给我打电话，我会在家。
I’ll (shall/will) do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好些。
注意：
1. will还可用来表示同意或“不能”。如：
Come and see me tomorrow. Yes，I will. 明天来找我。——好的。
一Don’t be late. 一No，I won’t. 别来晚了。——不会晚的。
The car won’t start. 车开不了啦。
Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。
2. 表示临时的决定，只能用 will 加动词原形。如：
-You’ve left the light on. 你忘记关灯了。
-Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off. 啊!那我去关。
3. 在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中只能用will或情态动词加动词原形。如：
Work hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你就会通过考试。
4. 在条件句中表示将来不用will，而用一般现在时、be going to(打算) 或be to(为人所控制的动作) 等。若你见到在条件句中用了will，那 will 就是表示“愿意”的情态动词。如：
Let her do that if she will. 如果她愿意，就让她那样做。
过去进行时讲解：
一、过去进行时的定义
过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如：
I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时，我正在跟李华谈话。
I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看电视。
二、如何理解过去进行时：
大家知道，过去进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。由此可推知，过去进行时就是表示在过去某时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。如汉语说“我进来时他正在吃饭”，如果“进来”发生在过去，那么“正在吃饭”显然就是过去某时正在进行的动作——也就是说，“进来”用一般过去时，“正在吃饭”就要用过去进行时。
现在进行时的用法：
■表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。如：
They’re having a meeting. 他们在开会。
I’m studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。
■表示计划或安排好了的将来动作，常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用。如：
Mike is coming home on Thursday. 迈克星期四回来。
They’re having a party next week. 下星期他们将开一个晚会。
注：表示安排将要做的事，人作主语宜用现在进行时，事物作主语，宜用一般现在时。试比较：
I’m not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。(不宜说I don’t…)
The concert starts at 7: 30. 音乐会七点半开始。
一、找共同点。
比如说有一道题的选项有四个：
A.study B.to study C.learning D.to read
可以看出，其中的study有两个;其中的不定式也有两个。所以两个显著特点集于一身的to study的选择可能性就十分的大。
二、找矛盾点(适用于单选)。
比如一道题问：
下列关于密度的说法中，错误的是：
其中，有两个这样的选项：
B.质量相同，体积大的物体密度小。
D.质量相同，体积大的物体密度大。
这就可以看出，一定其中有一个是错误的——唉，你别笑!有很多的题中，都会有矛盾的地方。只要找出矛盾，再蒙的几率就大多了。
三、培养“蒙感”
这个所谓“蒙感”，就是这蒙题的感觉。因为不可能一面卷子上你一道题也不会做(当然也有例外)，你也有很大可能有不会做的题。这时，就要看蒙题的感觉了。所有考试的人都知道，选择题中选择B、C选项的占绝大多数。所以遇到不会的题，就往B、C上靠，几率会大一点。
高考英语怎样复习
1. 词汇：词汇是组成英语知识大厦的基石，英语词汇量的多少标志着你的英语水平。扩大词汇量的好方法是：把阅读材料中以及练习题的生词和短语全都标出，在字典中查一遍，注上音标，注解和典型用法。但是，还有几十天就要高考的情况下，有些同学如果单词还没有过关，这里有个建议。高考复习时的那份高考词汇表，包括了高考要考的所有词汇。在最后阶段，大家可以将词汇表从头到尾背3-4遍。
首先把词汇表过一遍，熟悉和简单的一带而过。重点放在不熟悉的和重要的词汇上。把不熟悉的单词一定用特殊颜色的笔记号下来，然后下次专门反复阅读。而重要的词汇就是你在考试中经常见到，而又一知半解的词汇。这些词汇一定要用字典认真查出，加以记忆。
2. 语法：在复习语法的时候，注意查漏补缺， 扫除盲点。认真对待所有的语法题目。在对答案和讲评时，则一定要把错的更正，把知识点记忆一遍。查找自己知识结构中存在的缺陷，扫除知识的盲点。在语法题方面，不妨以配备一本专门的“错题本”.有时间就经常翻看，解决记忆问题。
3. 完形填空：多做练习，做完之后全文读一遍，建立自己的语感，有助于以后的做题。同时，建议大家一边读一边做，能确定的就选择了，不确定的就标记上，暂时不管。第二遍的时候再通过对上下文的理解去分析不确定的选项。这样可以节省时间，而正确率也能有所提高。
4. 阅读理解：阅读量大，分值高。“得阅读者得天下”.平时要多做阅读，多做限定时间的阅读。做题时先粗看全文，理出文章的“坨”(大体意思)，再看问题，根据问题的特点，再带着问题在文章中找出细节的支持点来5. 七选五：此道题是一个新点。建议大家多找一些练习。注意七个选项中的有信息意义的实词，利用上下文重复的原理来做出推理判断。此外，值得注意的是：逻辑关联词和代词的代指关系在解题时尤为重要!
6. 作文：首先注意的是书写工整。给阅卷老师一个良好的印象，这是你成功的第一步。
注意事项
在下面写好并且记忆下来开头的一两个句子和结尾的句子，考试时进行改写放上去。同时，千万不要因追求“花样”句型而出错。宁可用一些朴实的简单句，保证用对即可。最重要的是，一定要把要点写全，不要过分想象。
时态语态：
要做好动词时态语态题，除了必须掌握各种时态的结构、含义和用法外，还要注意体会动词在具体的语言环境中的使用。语态通常结合时态一起考查，解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间先后关系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法(寻找时间标志词)”、“呼应法(主从句时态呼应)”、“搭配法(固定搭配)”、“语境法(事情发生的环境)”等解题技巧。
时态和语态是很重要的考点：
have been painting all day/be always doing/I did lock it/will still be sleeping/will have left The papers are still being corrected/It is being served in the dining room.
【真题】 The moment I got home, I found I _______ my jacket on the playground. (陕西卷)
A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving
【解析】A。I found后接宾语从句，结合“呼应法”和“语境法”，由于主句动词使用了一般过去时，且宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，应使用过去完成时。
【真题】―Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?
―Yes, I did. You know, my brother _______ in the match. (安徽卷)
A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played
【解析】B。运用“语境法”，结合上下文语境可知，“我”看了昨天的比赛是因为“我弟弟当时正在参加比赛”，指过去正在发生的动作或状态应使用过去进行时。
【模拟题】― Have you seen my email about our TESL project?
― Yes. Luckily, I checked my emails yesterday. Normally, I _____ my email-box for days.(徐州二检)
A. haven‘t opened B. didn‘t open C. hadn‘t opened D. don‘t open
【解析】D。normally表明这是一个习惯性的动作，故用一般现在时。
[关于高考英语复习时态和语态]
【北京卷,21】Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“就在二战爆发前，美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。”首先考虑语态，主语experiment与conduct构成动宾关系，谓语使用被动形式。题干中出现the second war是过去的时间点，before the second war是过去的过去，因此使用过去完成时。选D。
【2011北京卷,23】Tom in the library every night over the last three months.
A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working
【答案】C
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“在过去的三个月里，Tom每天晚上都在图书馆里学习。”题干中出现的over the last three months，是明显提示用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故选C。
【2011北京卷,27】--That must have been a long trip.
--Yeah, it us a whole week to get there.
A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking
【答案】C
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“--那一定是长途旅行。--是的，我们花了整整一周时间才赶到那儿。”题干中must have done是对过去的肯定推测，提示时间在过去，描述过去的情况，排除A和B，D项was taking进行时态表将来，但事实上事情已发生，这与题意不符，因此选C。
【2011北京卷,32】--Bob has gone to California.
--Oh, can you tell me when he ?
A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“--Bob已经去了加利福尼亚。--噢，你能告诉我他什么时候离开的？”Bob has gone to California，去的动作已经发生过，说明他离开的动作发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时。选B。
【2011天津卷,3】In the last few years thousands of films all over the world.
A.have produced B. have been produced C. are producingD. are being produced
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。选B。
【2011天津卷,4】On her next birthday, Ann married for twenty years.
A.isB.has been C.will be D.will have been
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“等到下次生日的时候，Ann结婚有二十年了。”her next birthday是将来的时间，for twenty years是个时间段。将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态，故选D。
【2011上海春招,29】I’m sure you will do better in the test because you so hard this year.
A. studied B. had studied
C. will study D. have been studying
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩，因为这一年里你一直用功学习。”前半句I’m sure you will do better交代了时间起点是现在。because引起的状语从句不能用将来时，只能用现在时。this year今年，是个时间段。D项 have been studying表示一直持续到现在的动作，故用现在完成进行时。选D。
【2011上海春招,32】A lot of people often forget that oral exams to test our communicative ability.
A. design B. are designed
C. are designing D. are being designed
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。”一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。oral exams与design的关系存在着被动，故选B。
【2011山东卷,31】When I got on the bus, I I had left my wallet at home.
A. was realizing B. realized C. have realized D. would realize
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“当我上了车后，我才意识到我把钱包落在家里了。”I had left my wallet at home发生在realized之前，前一句When I got on the bus给出的时间起点是过去时，故选B。
【2011山东卷,35】She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child everything!
A. had been e ating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“她惊讶地发现冰箱里空空如也；她的孩子把里面的东西全吃光了！”“吃光”这个动作发生在“发现”之前，前一句交代了过去时间，因此选择过去的过去。故选B。
【2011江苏卷,21】--I hear you in a pub. what’s it like?
--Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.
A.are working B.will work C.were working D.will be working
【答案】A
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“--我听说你在酒吧里上班，这份工作怎么样？--咳，这是份辛苦活，老感到累，不过我不介意。”对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上班，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选A。
【2011江苏卷,23】--Tommy is planning to buy a car.
--I know. By next month, he enough for a used one.
A. saves B .saved C.will save D. will have saved
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“--Tommy将计划买车。--我知道，到下个月为止，他积攒的钱足够买一辆旧车了。”by next month是将来完成时的标志，全句表示在将来next month之前完成“积攒足够钱”的动作，对将来的时间next month产生影响，能买一辆旧车。故选D。
【2011福建卷,32】Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they
from China.
A.receive B.are receiving C.have received D.had received
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“上个月，日本政府对来自于中国的援助表示了感谢。”expressed是过去时，接受中国的援助发生在expressed之前，是过去的过去，故用过去完成时。选D。
【2011安徽卷, 32】--I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______on my desk? --I put
试题下载地址1 试题下载地址2
一、考点聚焦
1、动词时态考查要点简述
（1）一般现在时考点分析
①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100oC.
②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
Ice feels cold.
We always care for each other and help each other.
③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：
I know what you mean.
Smith owns a car and a house.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
（2）一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。
①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：
I met her in the street yesterday.
I once saw the famous star here.
They never drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.
②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
He bought a watch but lost it.
④常用一般过去时的句型：
Why didn’t you / I think of that?
I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
I didn’t recognize him.
（3）一般将来时考点分析。
①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。
②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll die without air or water.
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：
be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。
be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)
be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
（4）现在进行时考点分析。
①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：
It is raining now.
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.)
The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)
②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
（5）过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）。
①常用过去完成时的几种情况：（A）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/
though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned … + to have done。（C）“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.（D）表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。
After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
（6）过去将来时考点分析。
参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。
（7）过去进行时考点分析。
①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。
②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。
（8）现在完成时考点分析。
①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时
It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句
This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时
This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时
This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时
③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
（9）注意几组时态的区别：
①一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。
结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。
②过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。
2、被动语态考查要点简述
被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。
（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
（2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。
（3）主动形式表被动意义。
①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。
These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。
The door won’t lock.门锁不上。
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。
②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.
The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。
（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
①be seated坐着
He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。
②be hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。
③be lost迷路
④be drunk喝醉
⑤be dressed穿着
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别
被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)
The book is well sold.(系表结构)
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.(NMET )
A.will request B.are requested
C.are requesting D.request
解析：答案为B。此题的时态是不难判断的，因为说的是一条规定，所以用一般现在时，而visitor与request之间是动宾关系，即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,究竟是谁要求他们这样做呢？不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被动语态。分析visitors与request之间的关系是此题的解题关键。
2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly.(NMET 2001)
A.is changing B.has changed
C.will have changed D.will change
解析：答案为A。此题考查现在进行时态的用法。句意为“选择一部移动电话不是一件容易的事，因为科技发展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情况，而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态，不是在过去，也不是在将来，因此只能用现在进行时表达。
3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start.（春季高考）
A.completed B.complete
C.had been completed D.have been completed
解析：答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and we’re ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意①分清complete与主语之间的关系；②结合语境选择正确时态。
动词的时态与语态
1．-We could have walked to the station．It was so near．
-Yes．A taxi at all necessary．
A．wasn’t B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．won’t be
2．When I got to the cinema，the film for the minutes．
A．has begun B．had begun C．had been on D．was on
3．If city noises from increasing，people shout to be heard even at the dinner table．
A． are not kept；will have to B．are not kept；have to
C．do not keep；will have to D．do not keep；have to
4．In some parts of the world，tea with milk and sugar.
A．is serving B．is severed C．serves D．served
5．-Do you like the material?
-Yes，it vety soft．
A．is feeling B．felt C．feels D．is felt
6．I don’t really work here．I until the new secretary arrives．
A．just help out B．have just helped out C．am just helping out D．will just help out
7．-You haven’t been to Beijing，have you?
- ．How I wish to go there!
A．Yes．I have B．Yes，I haven’t C．No．I have D．No，I haven’t
8．It is reported that by the end of this year，another school will ．
A．be built B．have built C．have been built D．have be built
9．-Hey，look where you are going!
- --0h，I’m terribly sorry． ．
A．I’m not noticing B．1 wasn’t noticing C．I haven’t noticed D．I don’t notice
10．-How are you today?
- --Oh，I as ill as I do now for a long time．
A．didn’t feel B．wasn’t feeling C．don’t fee D．haven’t felt
l1．Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but soon to his old ways．
A．returned B．returns C．was returning D．had returned
12．All the preparations for the task ，and we’re ready to start．
A．completed B．complete C．had been completed D．have been completed
13．He to the lab than he set out to do the experiment．
A．has no sooner got B．was supposed to
C．will no sooner get D．have no sooner got
14．The train arrive at 11：30 but it was an hour late．
A．would suppose B．was supposed to C．is supposed to D．supposed to
15．He stepped into the office， down and began to fill in the forms．
A．sitting B．to sit C．sat D．having sat
16．The little girl her heart out because she her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it．
A．had cried；1ost B．cried；had lose
C．has cried；has lost D．cries；has 1ost
17．Both my brothers work at the power station that at my home town．
A．has set up B．has been set up C．was set up D．is set up
18．Linda has 1ost her passport again．It’s the second time this ．
A．has happened B．has been happened C．happened D．happens
19．-Sorry，I forgot to post the letter for you.
-Never mind， it myself tonight．
A．I’m going to post B．I’d better to post
C．I’ll post D．I’d rather post
20．He his leg when he in a football match against another schoo1．
A．broke；played B．was breaking；was playing
C．broke；was playing D．was breaking；played
21．-Where the recorder? I Can’t see it anywhere．
-I it right here．But now it’s gone．
A．did you put；have put B．have you put put
C．had you put；was putting D．were you putting；have put
22．Hello! I you in London．How long have you been here?
A．don’t know；were B．hadn’t known；are
C．have known；are D．didn’t know；were
23．-Come on，Peter．I want to show you something．
-Oh，how nice of you! I you to bring me a gift.
A．never think；are going B．never thought；were going
C．didn’t think；were going D．hadn’t thought；were going
24．All the teachers in this schoo1 are ．
A．clean dressing B．cleanly dressing C．clean dressed D．cleanly dressed
25．When I was at college I three foreign languages，but I all except a few words of each．
A．spoke；had forgotten B．spoke；have forgotten
C．had spoken；had forgotten D．had spoken；have forgotten
26．-Have you moved into the new house?
-Not yet．The rooms ．
A．are being painted B．are painting C．are painted D．are being painting
27．-Excuse me，sir．Would you do me a favor? of course．What is it?
-I if you could tell me how to fill out this form．
A．had wondered B．was wondering C．would wonder D．did wonder
28．-We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time．
- What do you suppose to her?
A．was happening B．to happen C．has happened D．having happened
29．I wonder why Jenny us recently．We should have heard from her by now．
A．hasn’t written B．doesn’t write C．won’t write D．hadn’t written
30．Mary a dress when she cut her finger．
A．make B．is making C．was making D．makes
31．-Do you know our town at all?
-No，this is the first time I here．
A．was B．have been C．came D．am coming
32．The last time I Jane she cotton in the fields．
A．had seen；was picking B．saw；picked
C．had seen；picked D．saw；was picking
33．Tom into the house when no one ．
A．slipped；was looking B．had slipped；looked
C．slipped；had looked D．was slipped；looked
34．We were all surprised when he made it clear that he office soon．
A．1eaves B．would leave C．1eft D．had left
35 The pen I I is on my desk，right under my nose．
A．think；lost B．thought；had lost
C．think；had lost D．thought；have 1ost
36．-Can I join the club，Dad?
-You can when you a bit older．
A．get B．will get C．are getting D．will have got
37．-I’m sorry to keep you waiting．
-0h，not at a11．I here only a few minutes．
A．have been B．had been C．was D．will be
38．You don’t have to describe her I her several times．
A．had met B．have met C．met D．most
动词的时态与语态
1-5 ACABC 6-10 CDCBD 11-15 ADDBC 16-20 BBACC 21-25 BDBDB 26-30 ABCAC
31-35 BDABB 36-38 AAB
一般现在时（经常、习惯、真理格言、时刻表、主将从现）
do / does → am / is / are done
常搭配的时间状语：always, often, usually, sometimes, at times, on Saturdays, every day, once a month, frequently, every+基数词+可数名词复数(每隔…) …
翻译：1.就像老话说的那样，失败是成功之母。
As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success.
2.我们每两周回家一次。
We go home every other week.
3.他每天早上5：30起床，晚上10：00上床睡觉。
He gets up at 5：30 every morning and go to bed at 10：00 every night.
4.作业每天都做。（用被动语态）
Homework is done everyday.
5.我们家附近有一家医院，这对我们很必要。
There is a hospital nearby which is necessary for us.
6.我的航班于上午10点钟起飞。
My flight takes off at 10:00 AM.
7.如果你尽力的话你会成功的。
You’ll succeed if you try your best.
8.他一来我就告诉他这件事。
I’ll tell him about it as soon as he comes.
补充：want, hope, plan, expect, intend, mean, suppose, think本身一般现在时后接不定式表示将来的含义
9.我打算上一所重点大学。
I expect to go to a key university.
做题法宝：一看主语定单复数、定语态，二看状语或其他句子中的动词定时态
一．一般过去式
did → was/were done
常搭配的时间状语：yesterday, last week/month, ago, in the past, in 1980, in the 1980s, the day before yesterday, the other day(不久前的一天), at that time, later that day, once upon a time,…
翻译：1.我小学上了五年。
I studied at the primary school for five years.
2.我半年前加入了这个俱乐部。
I joined the club half a year ago.
3.自从他加入到这个俱乐部已经半年了。
It has been half a year since I joined the club.
4..他在拐角处停下把空瓶子扔进了垃圾箱。
He stopped at the corner and dropped the empty bottle into the dustbin.
5.从1952年到1959年他在部队当了7年兵。
He served in the army from 1952 to 1959 for seven years.
6.中国不再是它过去的样子了。
China is no longer what it used to be.
7.过去，他写了五部小说。
Five novels were written by him in the past.
8.是时候努力学习了。
It’s high time that you worked hard.
9.如果我是你的话，我会更努力学习Englishtec。
If I were you, I would work harder.
三、现在完成时(动作始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去)
has / have done →has / have been done
常搭配的时间状语：lately, recently, in/over/during the past/last few days, these days, so far, by now, up to now, till now,…
1.这是到这个学校以来，我出席的最重要的讲座。
It is the most important lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
2.到目前为止，Tom已经学了个英语单词了。
So far, Tom has learned 2000 English words.
3.她教英语有了。
She has taught English for 20 years.
4.你去过伦敦吗？
Have you ever been to London?
5. So far, progress _____has been______ (be) very good and we are sure that the work________will be finished________
(finish) on time.
6.—I ____haven’t found________(find) the book till now.
---Don’t worry. You may have left it at home.
7.His first novel _____has received________(receive) good reviews since it___came out_____(出版、发行) last month.
8.In the past few years thousands of films ___have been produced_________(produce) all over the world.
四、过去完成时
had done → had been done
常搭配的时间状语: by then, until then,by that time, before 2000, by the end of last month, by the time he was ten,…
过去完成时的用法：
1.过去的过去；到过去某个时间为止的动作
2.hardly/scarely(过完)… when(一般过去)
no sooner(过完)… than(一般过去) 表示“刚…就…”
3.It/This/That was + the 序数词 time + that (过完) “那是第几次做…”
4.hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于过去完成时时表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本…”
1.他说他在国外呆了3年了。
He said he had been abroad for 3 years.
2.在我回家之前他已经离开了。
He had left before I got home.
3.到上个学期末，我已经学了3000歌单词。
By the end of last term, I had learnt 3000 words.
4.比赛刚刚开始就开始下雨了。
Hardly had the game began when it started to rain.
5.那是他第三次犯同一个错误了。
It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
6.我本想帮你的，但当时太忙了。
I had intended to help you, but I was too busy.
五、现在进行时
am/is/are doing →am/is/are being done
现在进行时的用法：
1.说话时或者现阶段正在进行的动作；
2.某些短暂性动词如come/go/start/ open /close/arrive/return/begin/leave用于进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作；
3.与always / continually/ constantly/forever/all the time 连用表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，含有厌恶、赞赏、遗憾等情绪
1.我们的朋友现在正在外边等我们呢。
Our friends are waiting for us outside.
2.她现在正在大学学英语。
She is studying English in college.
3.我爸妈这周六要来看我。
My parents are coming to see my this Statuary.
4.他总是先想到其他人。
He is always thinking of others first.
5.教学楼正在被建。
The building is being built now.
六、过去进行时
was/were doing → was/were being done
常用时间状语：at this/that time + 过去时间；at…o’clock + 过去时间；from…to…+过去时间； those days; just now; last night
1.昨天晚上9点钟你在干什么呢？
What were you doing at nine last night?
2.那个男孩子正在写作业的时候突然他爸爸进来了。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came in.
七、一般将来时will do → will be done
1.老师一来，我们就开始上课。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
2.——Sorry, I forgot to buy the book you need.
——It doesn’t matter. I __will____ go myself.
3.Look at the clouds. It __is going to___________ rain.
4. They are to be married in this May. (按计划安排要发生的动作,非个人能随意改变)
5. 你妈回来之前你不要出去。（要求或命令他人做某事）
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.
6. He is to succeed. (注定)
7. The Queen ____is to_______visitJapanin a week’s time.
8. The train ___is about to leave_______ (leave).火车马上就要离开。
八、过去将来时would do → would be done
表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，有过去时间或动作作参照。Was/were about to do ….when…该句型很少与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和when引导的状语连用。
1.他说他会在车站等我们。
He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.
2.我正准备出门的时候我的一位老朋友来了。
I was to about to go out when one of my old friends came.
九、将来进行时will be + doing→ will be being done
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。
明天这会我正在写作业。
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
十、将来完成时will have +done → will have been done
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。
常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。
到下个月底，他就已经学了3000个单词了。
By the end of next month, he will have learnt 3000 words.
动词的时态语态
1.时态
时态 用法 例示
一般现在时 现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与usually, always, seldom, often, frequently, every day 等时间状语连用 We always care for each other and help each other.
He sometimes stay up till midnight to catch up with others.
主语现在的特征，性格和状态 She is always ready to help others.
-do you sing? –a little
客观规律，正确事实或科学真理，格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在 All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.
Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.
在由连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引起的时间（条件，让步）状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。 Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.
However much advice you give him, he will do exactly what he wants.
安排，或计划要做的动作（有时间状语）限于begin, come, leave, go, arrive, open, start, stop, close, return 等一类动词。 The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m.
一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, in , two years ago ,last month, the day before yesterday, the other day 等表示过去的时间状语连用。 The Great Wall came into being in 221BC.
过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与every day, often, sometimes等时间状语连用，used to , would常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。Would 不接表示认识或状态的词，但used to 不受限制。 When I was in the factory, I often worked in the workshop.
We used to get up at five every morning when were at school.
We would ask him for advice when we had trouble with our English.
He used to like football when I was at middle school.
过去发生的一系列动作 The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.
在时间，条件，方式让步状语从句中用一般过去时表过去将来时。
He said he would let us know if he got any news.
He promised that he would buy some copies for us when he went there.
I didn’t know you bought the present for me.
语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚刚，刚才，”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”
一般将来时 Shall/will +动词原形1 单纯表将来2 不用于条件句中3 表必然的将来4 表意愿，决心 He will be thirty years old next year.
If you will wait here, the manage will be back 10 mins later.
Be going to 1计划打算干2, 客观迹象预示 Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm.
If you are going to do it, you had better do it well.
Be on the point of /be about to 不与时间状语连用，但可和when 从句连用
Be to 1 预定要做 2 表示命令，禁止应该3 注定 We are to finish the work before five this year.
No one is to leave the cinema without the police’s police’s permission
瞬间动词的现在进行时表将来。 Go start, set out, leave , reach, arrive, return, come, move, take off They are moving Nanjing for Guangzhou on Sunday.
祈使句/短语+and/or +主语+will
Work hard and you’ll succeed
A bit more effort, and you will succeed.
将来完成时 表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过去的动作或该时刻刚刚结束的动作 I shall have finished this one before lunch.
I hope we'll have got the instructions (说明书) ready before you come tomorrow.
过去将来时 Was/were going to
Was/were to
Was about to
Was/were + 现在分词
Was/were on the point of
现在进行时 表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作 Look! The boy is dozing off.
表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定正在进行） How are you getting along with your English these days.
表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用） The children are always making trouble.
She is always asking the same question.
瞬间动词表将来
过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示外，一般和时间状语连用。
表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用）
瞬间动词表将来
描写故事的背景 It was winter. The north wind has blowing hard and a heavy snow was falling. A poor little girl was walking in the street.
用在复合句中
He was reading while his wife was cooking.
While he was driving, he was thinking about the matter.
不与时间状语连用，表示逐渐的发展 It was getting darker.
现在完成时 对现在的影响或动作与状态的持续
常与有介词for, during, in within, over 引导的时间状语连用 We have discussed the topic (for) the last 3 weeks.
I haven’t seen him in the recent years.
表示反复或习惯性的动作，常与
several times, once, twice, 等频度副词
连用 I have watched him several times.
He has been to London twice.
用在时间，条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前已完成。 I will give my opinion after I have read through the book.
We will set out at once if the rain has stopped
现在完成进行时 表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至将来。（强调进行的过程） He is ill. he has been lying in bed for three weeks.
She is very tired. she has been typing letters all day.
一直到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作 All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
过去完成时 表示过去的过去；一直延续到过去某一点的动作或状态。 I received a letter from a friend yesterday. We had not heard from each other since 1990
表示原本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。常用此结构德动词有hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend 等 We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to.
They had expected to get what they needed, but there was nothing there.
用于no sooner… than; hardly… when的句型中 I had no sooner returned than he called.
时态 比较 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般过去时表示动作的完成 Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.
Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.
现在完成时强调结果或动作已完成
现在完成进行时强调动作在继续 We have discussed the question with him.
We have been discussing the question with him all evening.
固定句型 By the end of By the end of last term, we had learned 2000 words.
By the end of this term, we will have learned…
It is the first time
It was the first time
It is high time that It is the first time that you have visited our school.
It was the first time that you had visited…
It is high time that you came here.
2． 语态
主动表被动 及物动词作不及物用＋副词 （hardly, easily, badly, nicely, well, smoothly）等时。常用动词有act, add, bend, close, lock, cut, begin, move, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, wear, write 等，主语往往是物而不是人。 The pen write well.
Wood burns easily.
The car drives smoothly.
The case locks easily.
形容词 ＋不定式结构中，不定式与句子主语有动宾关系时。
要注意如果句中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时用主动语态，否则用被动。 The picture is pleasant to look at.
I found his theory hard to understand.
I found my theory hard to be understood.
介词短语 in sight, on show, on sale, under construction作表语或定语表被动。 The new railway under construction will be completed soon.
Be worth, be missing , in need of , remaining, want/need/require be to blame be to let The teaching method is in need of improving.
There is no remaining money here.
The house is to let
连系动词：表感觉的 appear, feel, prove, taste ,表变化的 become, come fall, grow, turn,表依旧的continue, lie, remain, stay, stand Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
某些动词以物做主语，进行时表被动eg. Print, cook, fry, hang, build, make The dinner is cooking.
The book is printing.
The house is building.
被动表主动 Burn, devote, dress, hide, seat, love, wear, tire+oneself +介词＝be+ed +介词 He seats himself on the bench.
Affect, amuse, astonish, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, frighten, inspire, move, strike, touch, upset, worry等用于 sb+be+ed sth+be + ing 作定语ed+sb ing+sth He was too frightened to move.
不用被动语态 Come about, occur, break out, belong to, happen, succeed, fail, add up to, take place, come into being, cost, set sail for, take part in, give out, come true, lose heart, play a part in
双重被动式 常用的动词有wish, expect, advise, mean, believe, suppose, order, allow The book is believed to have been translated into French.
The sports meet was never expected to be put off.
Get, become, go ,come ,feel, grow, seem, look 可以作为系动词在口语中使用 I grew excited and a little frightened.
He seemed satisfied with my offer
Five soldiers got wounded in the battle.
高考对于进行体的常考点
1． 一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。
Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.
As he was reading the newspaper, granny fell asleep.
2. 表示动作的未完性，暂时性。
I don’t really work here. I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.
Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
3. 表示现在或当时发展中或正在进行的情况。
I don’t think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space.
I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at that time.
责任编辑：李芳芳
一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时
主动do/doesdidwill/shall dowould/should doam/is/are doing
被动am/is/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be doneam/is/are being done
过去进行时将来进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去完成时
主动was/were doingwill/shall be doinghave/has donehave/has been doinghad done
被动was/were being done----------have/has been done----------had been done
一、一般现在时
1、表示经常发生的习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：always,usually,seldom, sometimes, every day, now and then, once a week等。
2、表示眼下或目前等现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，这种状态带有一定的持续性。
3、表示客观事实或普遍真理。
4、书报的标题，故事的叙述，小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍，图片的说明等。
5、时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come等动词。
6、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作。
注意：一般现在时可以用于定语从句或宾语从句中表示将来。
7、用在某些表达中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
Here comes the bus!How it rains!
二、一般过去时
1、表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系。常用的时间状语有：yesterday, last night, at that time等。
2、表示在过去某一段时间里反复出现的动作或状态，与现在没有关系。
3、用used to do或would do表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
4、有些情况发生的时间没清楚表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生的，属于过去时间，应使用过去时态。常见的有I didn’t know…或I forgot…等。
5、一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用。
三、一般将来时
1、will/shall do
(1)表示将来会出现的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：this evening, tomorrow, next week/month…,at the end of this term, in a few minutes等。
(2)表示将来经常发生的动作。
(3)表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势、倾向。
(4)表示说话过程中做出某种决定。
注意：条件状语从句中的will表示“决心，意愿”，此时will是情态动词表示意愿。
2、be going to do
(1)表示已经决定或安排要做的事。
(2)表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来将要发生的事。
3、be to do
(1)表示约定、计划或按职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。
(2)表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令。
(3)表示注定要发生的事情。
4、be about to do
(1)表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要，即将”。
(2)不可与表示具体的将来时间的副词或副词性短语连用，但可以同由as或when引导的时间状语从句连用。
5、某些动词的现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。
四、过去将来时
1、would/should do表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。通常用于其主句的谓语为过去时态的宾语从句中。
2、were/was to do 表示过去将来时间的安排，如果这个安排后来被取消，没有实现，则用was/were to have done表示。
五、现在进行时
1、表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。
2、表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。
3、有时可表示即将发生的动作(只限于go, come, stay, leave, start, begin, arrive, return, fly, drive等动词)，这时常有一个表示将来时间的状语。
4、常与always, forever, constantly, continually, all the time等时间副词连用，表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作，常表示不满、抱怨或赞赏等情感。
5、有些表示感觉、情感的动词不能用进行时，它们是：know, understand, love, like, hate, feel, desire, wish, want, refuse, remember, hear, see, have等， 这些动词一般不用进行时，通常用一般现在时态，表示说话时发生的动作。
六、过去进行时
1、表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间通常有时间状语(从句)或由上下文来表示。
2、表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。但说话时不一定正在进行。
3、表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，用于某些动词。(见现在进行时3)
4、与always, frequently等副词连用，表示感情色彩。
七、将来进行时
1、表示在将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。
2、表示根据计划或安排在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。此时一般有具体的时间状语。
3、表示将来某一时刻自然发生的事，而不是人为安排要做的事。
4、表示有礼貌地询问对方的打算，语气比较委婉。
八、现在完成时
用法意义
继续表示从过去继续到现在的动作或状态
经验表示过去某一时期到现在的经验
完成表示现在刚完成的动作
成果表示现在是“做了……”的结果
1、表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的状语有already, yet, just等。
2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，如today, this week, lately, recently, in the past few days, since, for a long time等。
注意：(1)非延续性动词在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
(2)此类动词在否定句中则可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。这类动词有：begin, leave, go, borrow, come, return, born, die, buy, arrive。
3、在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。
4、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时：表示某一已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能喝表示过去的时间状语连用。
一般过去时：只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系。它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
九、现在完成进行时
1、表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续进行。
2、重复的动作表示感情色彩。表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。
3、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
(1)表示动作已完成，着重结果;现在完成进行时表示动作的进行，强调动作的持续性。
(2)状态动词、知觉动词或情态动词如：see, feel, know, love等，不用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。
十、过去完成时
1、表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
----|-----------|----------|-------->
过去 完成过去 现在
注意：在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，若两个动作紧接着发生，则不需用过去完成时，尤其是在含有before和after的复合句中，常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
2、表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/ planned/ meant/ intended/ thought/ wanted/ expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式表示即：hoped/ planned…+to do。
3、过去完成时用于hardly…when, no sooner…than等固定句型中。
十一、不能用被动语态的情况
1、there be 结构及所有的不及物动词或词组充当谓语时，无被动语态。
2、系动词无被动语态。
3、一些表示状态的及物动词，如cost, have, own, possess等不能用被动语态。
4、表示“希望、意图”的动词，如wish, want, hope, like, love,hate等不能变被动语态。
5、当及物动词leave, enter, reach等的宾语是表示地点和处所(包括组织、团体、军队、国家等)的名词时，不可变为被动语态。
十二、主动形式表被动意义
1、某些动词形式上主动，但含有被动意思，往往表示主语本身的性质，而且主语应该是事物。
2、在“have+宾语+to do”结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时，不定式用主动语态，否则用被动语态。
3、在“be+形容词+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。
4、在某些词组中，用动词的主动形式表被动。
(1)be worth doing
(2)want, require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
(3)with复合结构
十三、被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况
be seated(坐着)， be hidden(躲藏)，be lost(迷路)，be drunk(喝醉)，be dressed(穿着)
时态语态的做题技巧和方法问题
一、汉语中的“时态语态”
学英语之所以学习语法是因为语法是语言表达的方法，中西文化差巨大，在语言上也能很明显看出这一点，汉语的动作发生的时间在动词上体现不明显，通常加上时间状语才能更清楚地体现该动作出现的具体时间。而英语不同的是，这种语言的时态和语态完全体现在谓语动词上，而且时间分的比较精细。不仅涉及到“时”还搭配“体”。汉语在这方面的表达上就不会如此复杂。因此，这种差异出现在不同的语言文化中确实难倒了不少中国学生。
二、常见题型
时态语态常出现在的题型有：(1)单项选择(如，北京卷、天津卷、江苏卷等);(2)语法填空(如，全国一卷、全国二卷、全国三卷等)。
三、揭秘解题小技巧
(1)判断语态
相对于时态而言，语态更好判断一些。英语中的语态共两种：主动语态和被动语态。多数题型是四个选项中主动语态和被动语态各占一半，如果首先判断出语态，排除了主动语态的选项或含有被动语态的选项，那么该题目的正确率可以达到50%。另外，通过语义表达，学生是不难判断出该句子的主语发出的动作表达的是主动含义还是被动含义。
(2)看时间状语或标志词
不同的时态对应的时间状语是不同的。例如：
1、一般现在时的时间状语有：表频率的时间状语(频度副词或介词短语);
2、一般过去时的时间状语有：last week; a moment ago; in 1980; yesterday等等表过去的某时间;
3、一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow， next year，next week， two days later等等表将来的时间;
4、现在完成时的时间状语有：so far， up to now，for+时间段， since+时间点，over/in the past/last few years/months…等等;
5、过去完成时的时间状语有：before+过去的时间， by+过去的时间等;
6、现在进行时的时间状语有：now， at the moment等;
7、过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday， at 8：00 this morning等过去某一时间点。
8、将来完成时的时间状语有：by+将来的时间;
9、将来进行时的时间状语有：at 10：00 tomorrow， at this moment this evening等表将来具体的时间。
记住和不同时态一起搭配的时间状语，有助于我们提高做题的正确率。而有时候，题目中并未出现相关的时间状语，不过一些标志性的词也可以提示我们选对相应的时态。如：look， listen出现在现在进行时，already，yet常用于完成时态。
(3)看复合句中的其他句子的谓语动词
比较该动词和要填的动词发生的时间先后，可以判断出要填的谓语动词是发生在现在、将来、过去，还是过去的过去等等。如：
1、I had breakfast before Ibrushed my teeth.
2、He said he would go abroad.
(4)固定句型
1、This/It is/was the first/second…that从句，从句用现在完成时或过去完成时;
2、hardly/rarely/scarcely+过去完成时+when+一般过去时;
3、no sooner+过去完成时+than+一般过去时;
4、While引导的句子用一般时或进行时;when引导的句子用一般时。
(5)语法归纳
1、在时间、条件和让步状语从句中用主将从现(主句用将来时，从句用现在时);主情从现(主句出现情态动词，从句用现在时);主祈从现(主句是祈使句，从句用现在时);
2、含有宾语从句的复合句，时态的归纳。主过从必过(主句时态是过去时，从句时态也用过去的某种时态);主现从不限(主句时态是现在时，从句时态没有限制);真理永不变(客观事实和普遍真理宾语从句永远用一般现在时)。
英语时态、语态考点透视
一、对各种时态的考查 1.考查一般现在时的'用法 [考点说明]一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态,常以now,at present以及often,sometimes,usually,always,seldom,every day等表示频度的副词或副词性短语为时态标志;一般现在时也可以表示不受任何时间制约的客观事实或普遍真理.
作 者：盘笋 作者单位： 刊 名：初中生 英文刊名：JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS 年，卷(期)： “”(18) 分类号： 关键词：【考点概述】
动词的时态和语态是构成谓语的基础，在考试中对于文章的理解作用巨大，甚至有些考点就直击动词时态与语态。掌握的重点是动词的各种时态与语态的基本构成和意义，能够快速识别句中的时态和语态，并结合语境进行准确理解。
【要点精析】
一、时态和语态的基本形式
动词在句子中最基本的两种变化形式即为时态的变化和被动语态。以动词do为例，其基本的时态的变化见下表：
(注：两种特殊时态形式：used to do为一般过去时;be to do表示将来时)
英语中被动语态的基本构成为“be+done”，在使用时，be可有自己的时态变化，只要结合上表进行相应的时态变化即可，如下表：
(注：只有及物动词才可以有被动语态)
二、时态和语态的意义和运用
汉语中动作的发生不会因时间的改变而采用动词的不同形式，时间的不同只是借助于“昨天”、“去年”等明显的时间名词或“了”、“过”、“要”等语气语，听众需要结合上下文的理解来判断时间。而英语动词有时态变化，不同的时间或动作发生的不同的状态都可以通过改变时态来完成。所以在理解英文表达时，要加入对时态的理解。
例1：I have finishedmy task.
我已经完成了我的工作。(强调工作已完成的状态)
例2：We used to exerciseregularly.
我们过去经常锻炼。(暗示现在不再经常锻炼了)
英语句子中常见被动语态，通常不需要动作的发出者或表示委婉、客观的建议时，常用被动语态。比如在考研英语写作中通常需要就某个问题或不良现象提出建议措施，若不需要突出动作的发出者，就可以用被动语态代替主动语态。
例：It is suggested thatproper actions should be takento response to such a problem.
建议采取合适的措施以解决该问题。
【真题体验】
Japan was,and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. [2009, text 3]
分析：
A.分析时态。本句中的谓语动词用了was和remains。was是过去时，译为“曾经是”，而remains是三单形式，表示“现在保持着”。通过不同动词形式的运用，表示了不同的时间。
B.译文：在汽车装配生产力方面，日本曾经是，现在仍然是世界经济的领头羊。
★ 英语时态总结
★ 职称英语解题技巧
