托福阅读记录要点技巧方法指点

| 收藏本文 下载本文 作者:金赫奎DefTuT

以下是小编整理的托福阅读记录要点技巧方法指点(共含5篇),欢迎阅读分享。同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“金赫奎DefTuT”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。

托福阅读记录要点技巧方法指点

篇1:托福阅读记录要点技巧方法指点

托福阅读记录要点技巧方法指点 学会做笔记提升答题效率

托福阅读做笔记要点:注重重要的逻辑关系

很多考生在阅读文章的时候只注意到了文章所阐述的重要内容,但是忽略了信息之间的逻辑关系,因而对信息关联理解不准确,这也是一种严重的错误。因此,在阅读过程中记录下信息之间所产生的逻辑关系可以避免考生丢失信息之间的关联信息。

托福阅读做笔记要点:抓住主题段和主题句的关键词

托福阅读文章中的主题段和主题句都是参与搭建文章结构的主要部分,因此记录几个关键词对于把握全文的结构非常重要。同时,文章中有很多的重要信息也会包含在这部分内容中。

托福阅读做笔记要点:关注时间和数字

通常来讲,出现时间概念的文章或段落通常和时间顺序有关,作者会用不同的时间点串出一条时间线索。而个别数字的出现则意味着这个数字所阐述概念的重要性是不容忽视的,因此,除非文章中出现了数据堆积的现象,考生都需要把数字记录下来。在记录时间和数字时需要注意两个问题,一是在记录时间的同时要同步记录下该时间点所发生事件的关键词,二是无论文章中的时间和数字是什么形式,考生在记录的时候都一律记录成阿拉伯数字,以便于之后做题时的查询。

托福阅读做笔记要点:注意人名、地名和专有名词

这些概念在文章中出现的时候,一般都会出现大写字母或引号等标记,非常有利于信息索引和定位。此外,当提到这几个具体的概念时,文章通常是在用这些概念说明某个理论或者观点,因此记录下这些概念对于理解相关理论和观点可以起到一定的辅助作用。

托福阅读:倒装句的解读

托福阅读中的倒装句主要有下列情况:

1.方位副词放在句首

Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine。

2.介词放在句首

Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets。

3.形容词放在句首

Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony。

4.过去分词放在句首

Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent。

5.现在分词放在句首

Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans。

句子倒装的目的主要有两个:

一是被提前的部分被强调,如上述的第四句:Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”,其中的accustomed按照正常语序应该放在are之后:Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”。之所以将accustomed提前,是为了强调它。二是为了句子的平衡,否则将导致头重脚轻的效果,如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。以第五句为例,按照正常语序应该是:Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently。但是这种句子结构比较糟糕,因为主语及其修饰语过长(从句首直到cetaceans),而谓语部分were missing until recently较短,容易造成头重脚轻的效果。第五句将missing提前,避免了这一现象。

托福阅读如何快速提分

1、主题——增加背景知识

有部分学生反映做阅读时很难投入进去,有一点原因就是对于文章所述内容太过陌生,如果你对其略知一二,相信定会有所不同。比如TPO中有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表,对于高中生来说再熟悉不过了,阅读的时候半读半猜,估计也可以理解的八九不离十了。

若考试准备时间充足,可以多加涉猎,扩充自己的知识背景;若时间紧张,则需搞定TPO套题。根据文章记忆单词,并不是文章中出现的每一个“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉,比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词,尤其是出现在句子主干中,与解题有关的词汇。

除了词汇,应学会分析题干及题目,比如题干中出现了effect,conclusion之类的词,其实已经界定了我们寻找的范围——段落靠后的部分,还有就是观点性和总结性的句子永远会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项,进行对比,比如句子简化题,做一题需要看五个长句,似乎很花费时间,但并不需要每个句子都要细看,而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干,抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。

例如:As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them。

原句是因果逻辑的句子,先找出其因: crustal adjustments and faulting,果:the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean。接着来看选项:A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 显然是因果倒置了,毫不犹豫地灭掉;C. 因为此选项中出现比较not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一个核心词,而原文中是修饰动词的副词spectacularly,并未进行比较,二话不说也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 这原因里怎么多出来一项啊,掳袖子撵人吧!

2、题型——注重解题方法

托福阅读10种题型,除最后的小结题外大都属于考查文章细节的题目。根据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步,然后就是理解。此时如果词汇量太小怎么办?事实上做阅读我们永远要牢记的就是找句子主干,考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了,

比如:The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops。

这个句子较长,其中有which引导的定语从句,还有hunted… 这个状语,而解题时我们只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多数同学在做题时有个习惯就是看到一句话后就开始逐词阅读,甚至试图把它翻译成中文,这可谓“兵家大忌”。

遇到一句话先抓主干,遇到整段记得扫描段落有无显眼的连词,举例信号词等,浏览每段的主题句。

再说一下小结题,大多数考生的切肤之痛。一是做到最后一题时时间已所剩无几,二是最后一题是对全文的主要内容的总结,相对复杂。

在课堂中,我一再向学生强调把握全文结构及大意的重要性,而如何去把握?

一是做题之前可大概浏览文章的标题及每段首句。作为学术性的阅读文章,首句基本都是主题句。尤其是总分结构的文章,比如TPO6中的Infantile Amnesia, 虽然文章较难理解,但是文中明确提出了三种观点first,second,third… 那么此类文章小结题的选项太显而易见了。再者,文章的每段会对应出2-3道题,那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以在进行TPO练习时,做题虽不可或缺,但还要注意多加练习快速阅读文章的能力。

托福阅读记录要点技巧方法指点

篇2:托福阅读备考细节技巧指点

托福阅读备考细节技巧指点 阅读题目也能精读

托福阅读题目也能精读?

很多考生觉得,对托福阅读文章进行精读只需研究文章就可以了,事实上,托福阅读文章后面的题目也有很大的学习价值。在精读的最后阶段,你可以再次仔细阅读各道题目,扫除之前“蒙答案”的情况。

托福阅读题目怎么精读

具体来说,考生可以从三个方面精读题目。

1. 读懂题干选项辨析词汇

考生首先看一下自己是否真的读懂了每道题的题干和选项,如果题干和选项中出现不认识的单词,应进行查阅并记录到笔记本中。

2. 确认题目和原文关系

其次,考生再把每道题和原文的关系作一次确认,比如,托福阅读题目中常出现同义替换的关系,这里的同义替换包括两层含义:

首先是题干中的词汇和原文所对应的替换点,也就是考生是如何找到该题的定位句的;

其次是正确答案和原文所对应的替换点,也就是ETS是怎么写出这个答案的。

精读题目时,你可以找到这些替换点并逐一把它们记录下来,多次总结后,你会发现托福阅读中的同义替换会有一些常见的套路。比如,有些替换通过词性的变化来实现,有些替换则靠同义词改写,而有些替换则可能是变换句型。

3. 整理错题回顾复习

最后,考生可单独整理出错题,整理错题可以让考生看出自己哪些题型是比较薄弱的,考前再做一些针对性的练习。整理出来的错题也可以放到考前几天作为再次回顾复习的材料。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析:The presence of mammal...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

The presence of mammal species that require grassland vegetation has led Arctic biologist Dale Guthrie to argue that while cold and dry, there must have been broad areas of dense vegetation to support herd of mammoth, horse, and bison.

结构分析:

复合句。 主句主语+that引导的定语从句+主句谓语+宾语+同位语+宾补。that引导的宾语从句,其中含有while引导的让步状语从句。

句子分析:

the presence of mammal species 主语,that定语从句修饰species, 从句中require作谓语,grassland vegetation 作宾语。 had led 是主句谓语, Arctic biologist为宾语,Dale Guthrie 为宾语同位语,to argue 宾语补足语。本部分的意思:需要草地植被的哺乳动物的存在使得北极生物家戴尔古恩莱认为。

宾语补足语中包含that引导的宾语从句,其中,while cold and try 是让步状语从句,从句中省略了本文前一句提到的 the Beringian landscape和 was;cold and try 作从句表语。 that引导的宾语从句为there be句型,to support herd of mammoth, horse and bison做定语,修饰broad areas of dense vegetation。 本部分意思:尽管(白令海峡)寒冷干燥,那里肯定曾经有大面积茂密的植被来维持数目庞大的牛群,马和野牛的生存。

参考翻译:

需要草地植被的哺乳动物的存在使得北极生物家戴尔古恩莱认为:尽管(白令海峡)寒冷干燥,那里肯定曾经有大面积茂密的植被来维持数目庞大的牛群,马和野牛的生存。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析:Tolls on roads became...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

Tolls on roads became high enough to finance what has been called a road revolution, involving new surfaces and bridges, new passes through the Alps, and new inns and hospices for travelers.

结构分析:

复合句。句中包含what引导的宾语从句。

句子分析:

Tolls on roads主语, became high enough为系表结构, to finance …为结果状语。在结果状语中,finance为动词,what为宾语从句,其中,what充当主语,has been called a road revolution 为谓语部分。

本部分意思:公路通行费足以资助所谓的道路革命。

involving后置定语修饰revolution, new surfaces and bridges作involving的并列宾语1, new passes为宾语2,through the Alps为定语, new inns and hospices为宾语3,for travelers 为定语。

本部分意思:包括新的路面和桥梁,穿过阿尔卑斯的新关口,以及为旅客新提供旅馆和收容所。

参考翻译:

公路通行费足以资助所谓的道路革命,包括新的路面和桥梁,穿过阿尔卑斯的新关口,以及为旅客新提供旅馆和收容所。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析:Fire is death to papyrus...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

Fire, for example, which is death to papyrus paper or other writing materials such as leather and wood, simply bakes it hard, thereby making it even more durable.

结构分析:

复合句,结构较为简单,全句只含一个which 引导的定语从句。

句子分析:

主句主语fire, 谓语bakes, it 宾语(这里指代上文出现的clay,本句中没出现这个单词),hard,宾语补足语。for example为插入语,which 引导的定语从句修饰fire。从句中,which指代fire,充当主语。is death to papyrus paper or other writing materials为谓语部分, such as leather and wood,举例说明有哪些materials。现在分词短语thereby making it even more durable作结果状语,it为宾语,even more durable 为宾补。

参考翻译:

例如,火只是将粘土烤硬,从而使其更耐用,而对于纸莎草纸或其他书面材料(如皮革和木材),火意味着毁灭。

托福阅读备考细节技巧指点

篇3:托福阅读备考细节技巧指点

托福阅读备考细节技巧指点 阅读题目也能精读

托福阅读题目也能精读?

很多考生觉得,对托福阅读文章进行精读只需研究文章就可以了,事实上,托福阅读文章后面的题目也有很大的学习价值。在精读的最后阶段,你可以再次仔细阅读各道题目,扫除之前“蒙答案”的情况。

托福阅读题目怎么精读

具体来说,考生可以从三个方面精读题目。

1. 读懂题干选项辨析词汇

考生首先看一下自己是否真的读懂了每道题的题干和选项,如果题干和选项中出现不认识的单词,应进行查阅并记录到笔记本中。

2. 确认题目和原文关系

其次,考生再把每道题和原文的关系作一次确认,比如,托福阅读题目中常出现同义替换的关系,这里的同义替换包括两层含义:

首先是题干中的词汇和原文所对应的替换点,也就是考生是如何找到该题的定位句的;

其次是正确答案和原文所对应的替换点,也就是ETS是怎么写出这个答案的。

精读题目时,你可以找到这些替换点并逐一把它们记录下来,多次总结后,你会发现托福阅读中的同义替换会有一些常见的套路。比如,有些替换通过词性的变化来实现,有些替换则靠同义词改写,而有些替换则可能是变换句型。

3. 整理错题回顾复习

最后,考生可单独整理出错题,整理错题可以让考生看出自己哪些题型是比较薄弱的,考前再做一些针对性的练习。整理出来的错题也可以放到考前几天作为再次回顾复习的材料。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析:A good illustration of this...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

A good illustration of this occurred after sea otters were eliminated from some Pacific kelp (seaweed) bed ecosystems: the kelp beds were practically obliterated too because in the absence of sea otter predation, sea urchin populations exploded and consumed most of the kelp and other macroalgae.

结构分析:

主干结构为复合句,其中带有after引导的时间状语从句,because 引导的原因状语从句。

句子分析:

主句中, a good illustration 主语, of this 定语。occurred 谓语。 本部分意思:一个很好的例子发生在。

after 引导的从句中, sea otters 主语,were eliminated 谓语, from some Pacific kelp bed ecosystems 状语。本部分意思:海獭从太平洋海带(海草床生态系统)被消除之后。

本部分是进一步说明。the kelp beds 主语,were practically obliterated 谓语。本部分意思: 实际上,海带床也被除去了。

because 引导的从句中, in the absence of sea otter predation, 状语, sea urchin populations 主语,exploded and consumed 谓语, most of the kelp and other macroalgae 宾语。本部分意思:因为再缺乏海獭捕食的情况下,海胆数量暴增,吃光了大部分的海带和其他海藻。

参考翻译:

一个很好的例子就发生在海獭从太平洋海带(海草床生态系统)被消除之后:实际上,海带床也被除去了,因为再缺乏海獭捕食的情况下,海胆数量暴增,吃光了大部分的海带和其他海藻。

托福阅读分析备考面面观

托福阅读题型

托福考试满分为120分,阅读部分和其他3个部分(听力,口语,写作)一样都是分别总分为30分。阅读部分一般情况下有3篇文章,共60分钟的答题时间。如果遇到了阅读加试,将有多一篇阅读,作答时间也会相应延长。文章的长度大概在700字左右,每一篇文章会带有12-14道题目。阅读部分所有题目都是客观题,以四选一的单项选择题为主,也有一些多选题。正式考试之中,非单选题都会有明确的提示。

阅读文章取材

托福文章取材于不同学科的大学程度初阶学术性文章,可以分为人文艺术,社会科学和自然科学这三大类。虽然托福文章的主题高度多元化,但是考生并不需要担心自己缺乏涉及学科的背景知识。因为托福考试测试的是语言的运用和理解,而非一个学科专业考试,所以所有的答案都可以在文章中找到。

专有名词应对技巧

因为托福文章涉及学科门类繁多,掌握一些常用的专有名词也会对考生十分有帮助。例如,托福考试并不会要求你掌握氧气是如何和氢气结合变成水的,但是如果你知道氧气是“Oxygen”,氢气是“Hydrogen”,你会更轻松地掌握涉及到相关名词的文章。同理,像“Nitrogen”、“Carbon”之类的常用专有名词学生也应该掌握。但是像“Cyanide”之类比较少见的词汇,大家遇到也不用担心。毕竟在现今知识高度专业化的年代,无穷无尽的专有名词是不可能都掌握的,而且这也不是ETS(托福主办机构)要考察的内容。

在此我给大家提供一个遇到不懂的专有名词的技巧。假如你在考试的时候遇到不认识的,甚至从未见过的单词,例如“Cyanide”,你会如何应对?大家可以不用纠结这个单词到底是什么意思,不要被卡住,继续往下读。你只要在心里记住文章提到了一种叫做“Cyanide”的物质就可以,并且记住这个词出现的大概位置。假如这个文章介绍了“Cyanide”的属性,用途与注意事项。把重点放在这个物质的属性,用途和注意事项,而不是这个物质是什么,把文章顺着读下去,然后去回答题目。这样子就可以避开由于不认识的生词而带来的障碍,顺利解答题目。以后我们也会陆续介绍更多的阅读备考策略。

注:Nitrogen是氮,Carbon是碳,Cyanide是氰化物

总而言之,备考托福阅读,最重要的是提升自身的词汇量,并且多练多思。在此基础上配合专业的课程,掌握正确的解题思路与答题技巧会更有助于获得理想的成绩。

托福阅读的传统做题策略有哪些

阅读时间:

15分钟一篇,一篇13/14道题。(官方要求是20分钟一篇)

13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外,其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段,大概第8题/第9题的样子,是一段会出2道理解题的段落。题目编排,近几年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难,生词多,第三篇简单难度类似早期TPO。

在题目上一般是(细节 词汇,细节 作用, 细节 词汇, 细节 词汇 改写, 细节 词汇, 黑点 大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题,早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。

简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题,尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间,用下面的方法去读的话,20分钟一般都是够用的。

托福阅读高分障碍:

速度:1’大概150-170字,生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。

选项:词汇量一般,有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。

新托福阅读真题训练技巧:

1,粗看下文章的段数,对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段,那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话,对文章的整体意思心中有数。

2,每段段首变成中文理解,以迅速的进入状态,并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题,这段的段首也要读)

3,每读一段整理一次逻辑,A支持的观点是,A的观点的问题是B的观点是。(记忆法,图像帮助理解,逻辑帮助记忆,生成图像来理解含义,对逻辑部分用色彩记忆红黄绿记忆法,每一段的第一句作为逻辑中心标记黄色。

这段如果讲倒推如原因,在脑中的逻辑框架就在红色的区域生成记忆,如果正推将后果等就在绿色区域生成图像,读完全文留下来的会是每一排都是红黄绿三色的逻辑关系,每一段都纵向罗列,如下)红——黄——绿

4,鉴于每段都会出细节题,如果有词汇题等先只看一句话,做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章,鉴于有四个选项,选一个对的或者不对的,看的时候自己要边看边总结,比如总结出三个步骤, 解释了三个方面的问题,或者其他。5,要检查,每个不确定的题都标上guess回来看,我不确定的题错的概率还是非常高的。如果不走神的理解全文,一般15分钟是够的,还能剩下几分钟检查。

新托福阅读真题做题策略:

词汇题、句子改写题——只读该句不读完整段(30‘ . + 1’.1)耗时3分钟

词汇题看好单词的词性、发出者(是人,是物),保持一致的最对,看这一句即可。

In the past,whole cities grew from the arduoustask of cutting and piling stone upon. Some ofthe world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of MachuPicchu high in the eastern Andes

Mountains of Peru.猜词是保证不了完全准了,根据意思,这道题排除BD,剩下AC很是纠结,但是看task本身,skilledtask这种说法小奇怪,一般是skilled workers,所以选A

The word “arduous” in the passage is closest inmeaning to

Difficult Necessary Skilled Shared

词汇题一直是难点超爱错,猜出来的,如果有时间检查一定要再看一下,从ETS出题的角度考虑。

托福阅读备考细节技巧指点

篇4:托福阅读提高学习效果方法指点

托福阅读提高学习效果实用方法指点

托福阅读备考提速先从词汇基础开始

首先,对于阅读来说,最为基础的环节还是建立在足够的单词量环节中的。所以,在托福阅读练习准备过程中,词汇累积是必不可少的。那么,当然也会有很多同学会问到,如果要顺利阅读一篇托福文章,多少词汇才是行呢?其实很简单,如果认认真真大的背了一遍托福词汇书,如果你发现自己的已经可以掌握了其中70%-80%,也许你会自然发现阅读理解对你来说,并不是一件什么特别困难的事情了。而仅仅对于托福阅读来说,我们还是需要透过词义来理解句子的内容,所以,在有些方面也不必过分纠结每个单词的详细含义,带着句子去理解词汇含义,才是最佳的方法。

托福阅读备考语法也很重要

而想要提升自己的托福阅读速度,词汇仅仅只是一个基础的环节,而在很多时候语法也是非常重要的。在托福阅读的时候,特别是遇到一些长难句的情况下,不能仅仅只是明白大意就好,要通过词汇与语法的互相结合,精准定位,准确找到答案。对于这些需要结合语法完成理解的句子,建议大家,可以找到一些长句和复杂句进行反复练习,为自己找到方法,然后运用在整篇文章的阅读中。

托福阅读备考不良阅读习惯要纠正

而想要托福阅读的效率,有时一些不良的阅读习惯也是给大家的练习很大的影响。比如,在托福阅读的过程中,我们通常都会习惯于逐字逐句阅读、出声阅读等等,因为,这些都会拖延阅读时间。而想要提高自己阅读的效率,建议大家要学会对于文章中的一些逻辑关系词提高敏感度,比如,因果关系(because, so, therefore); 递进关系(also, furthermore),这样不但能够大大的提升的阅读速度,同时对于之后的答题也会带来很多帮助。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.

In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.

This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway.

When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms.

Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.

(B) The evolution of cities in North America

(C) Trade between North American and European cities

(D) The effects of the United Sates' independence on urban growth in New England.

2. The word they in line 4 refers to

(A) North American colonies

(B) cities

(C) centuries

(D) town economies

3. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the following?

(A) Their economic success

(B) The type of merchandise they exported

(C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements

(D) The pace of their development

4. The word accordingly in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) as usual

(B) in contrast

(C) to some degree

(D) for that reason

5. According to the passage , early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of

North America due to

(A) an abundance of natural resources

(B) financial support from colonial governments

(C) proximity to parts of Europe

(D) a favorable climate

6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of

the following for shipment to Europe?

(A) Manufacturing equipment

(B) Capital goods

(C) Consumer goods

(D) Raw materials

7. According to the passage , all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the

growth of southern cities EXCEPT the

(A) location of the plantations

(B) access of plantation owners to shipping

(C) relationships between plantation residents and city residents

(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantations

8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern

cities were

(A) more prosperous

(B) smaller

(C) less economically self-sufficient

(D) tied less closely to England than to France

9. The word recorded in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) imagined

(B) discovered

(C) documented

(D) planned

10. The word drawing in line 28 is closest in meaning to

(A) attracting

(B) employing

(C) instructing

(D) representing

11. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a time of

(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth

(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade

(C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms

(D) increased migration from northern states to southern states

答案:BBDDC DCBCA C

托福阅读背景材料:美国议坛之城芝加哥

芝加哥系美国第二大都市,也有人称之为“美国的超级市场”The Super Market of America。无论从那一个角度看来,它都是一个典型的美国式都市,既是商业中心,又是交通要卫,市内到处是在建筑史上占一席地位的奇丽建筑物。可眺望密歇根湖的公园,蜿蜒的水际线,另有一番美妙景色。还有,无论是国际性会议,或美国国内较大规模的会议,大都在这一都市举行,因这又获得“议坛之城”的别称。

华丽的一英里The Magnificent Mile

自Chicago Avenue Bridge往北,到East Oak Street之间的七条街,称之为The Magnificent Mile,可与纽约第五街媲美,有整齐、美丽的行道树,宏伟的高层建筑物,优雅的商店以及赏心悦目的橱窗陈列品。

ChicagoAvenueBridge的桥头,就是以口香糖闻名的WrigleyJuniorCo.大厦,大厦下方即为汽艇码头。那个极像是玉蜀黍的TwinTowersMarinaCity也矗立在面向河川的右侧。发行数量占全美国第三位的芝加哥论坛报也以这里为根据地。WaterTower过去被认为是象徵芝加哥的著名大厦。

约翰汉寇克中心JohnHancockCenter

别名“BigJohn”(大约翰),是一幢高达100层的建筑物。它的外形像把梯子,初看有些怪异,但即是建筑结构力学上的一项新的成就。这幢大厦属一家保除公司所有,但1楼到5楼是高级时装店,6楼到141楼是公司行号的办公室,42楼以上是公寓,94楼是眺望台,95楼是餐厅,96楼则是鸡尾酒馆。

西尔斯大厦SearsTower

这一幢取代了纽约帝国大厦,成为世界上最高的建筑物,总共103层,高达1,454尺(443公尺),可以容纳16500人,可以称得上是世界奇观,从地面一层到第103层,有快速专用电梯直达,只需55秒钟,供游客鸟瞰整个芝加哥市,如遇阴天,有如置身云雾之间。

商品市场MerchandiseMart

位于芝加哥河北岸的18层楼建筑物,其规模之庞大,仅次于五角大厦。在市场内出售的商品,自家具到机械,种类达100万种以上。

斐尔特自然史博物馆FieldMuseumofNaturalHistory

在博物学这一范畴,堪称世界第一。恐龙的骸骨、古代埃及的木乃伊、马雅帝国的出土物等,均极珍贵。

林肯公园LincolnPark

位于密歇根湖边,全长8公里,占地480公顷,是芝加哥最大的公园。园内有林肯、歌德、莎士比亚、贝多芬等塑像,还有动物园等设施

托福阅读

篇5:托福阅读说明类文章阅读技巧指点

托福阅读说明类文章阅读技巧指点 结合实例从结构入手逐段分析

托福阅读说明文怎么看懂?

一般而言,托福阅读中的说明文会说明某个现象,文章的第一段是:介绍背景及引出下文;之后的主体段,结构也很清晰:主旨句Topic sentence + 解释句Explain + 举例子Examples + 总结句Summary。 其实跟我们高考语文有异曲同工之妙。下面来看实例解析:

The Roman Army's Impact on Britain(选自官方真题Official-19)

In the wake of the Roman Empire's conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops had a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications, and participation in the local economy. Assessing the impact of the army on the civilian population starts from the realization that the soldiers were always unevenly distributed across the country. Areas rapidly incorporated into the empire were not long affected by the military. Where the army remained stationed, its presence was much more influential. The imposition of a military base involved the requisition of native lands for both the fort and the territory needed to feed and exercise the soldiers' animals. The imposition of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown. This then meant that the military had to remain to suppress rebellion and organize government.

these troops had a considerable impact on Britain,也就是第一句说的是罗马军队对英国有影响。这句话相当于对题目的阐述,交代了文章的整个大背景。 之后2~4句其实交代前提,开始具体的说开,要估算军队对平民的影响首先要了解一个事实:士兵不是平均分布的。那既然不是平均分布,肯定是有多有少的。所以,第三句接着说了有些地方士兵少:很快融入帝国的区域;第四句说有些地方士兵多影响大:军队驻扎的地方。第5~7句说回重点,也就是what,到底有哪些影响:军营先要征地;然后会抢走当地领导参与政府的机会;之后社会发展受阻,人民不满而反抗,最后军事镇压。

首段的第一句话,虽然句子很长,但其实只需要抓住结构层次进行分析就能找到阅读重点。

所以总共7句话的段落,分层三个层次,主旨句+前提说明+重点阐述。事实上,段落第一句就完成了background+introduction双重目的:英国被罗马帝国征服+ 士兵的营地/防御工事以及参与当地经济所造成的影响。

Economic exchange was clearly very important as the Roman army brought with it very substantial spending power. …… Such activities had a major effect on the local area, in particular with the construction of infrastructure such as roads, which improved access to remote areas.

第二段一开始就交代了经济交换的影响:强大的购买力,以及帮助修建基础设施。

Each soldier received his pay, but in regions without a developed economy there was initially little on which it could be spent. …… These settlements acted like small towns, becoming centers for the artisan and trading populations.

第三段还是在讲经济:刚来的时候士兵有钱没地方花;最后军队驻扎地变成了小镇。

The army also provided a mean of personal advancement for auxiliary soldiers recruited from the native peoples, as a man obtained hereditary Roman citizenship on retirement after service in an auxiliary regiment. …… By the later Roman period, frontier garrisons (groups of soldiers) were only rarely transferred, service in units became effectively hereditary, and forts were no longer populated or maintained at full strength.

第四段开始讲另一个重大影响:当地人通过当兵获得可继承的罗马公民地位。

This process of settling in as a community over several generations, combined with local recruitment, presumably accounts for the apparent stability of the British northern frontier in the later Roman period. It also explains why some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain, at the beginning of the fifth century A.D. The circumstances that had allowed natives to become Romanized also led the self-sustaining military community of the frontier area to become effectively British.

第五段,做了个小总结,讲这种融合过程及当地招募促进了北部边境的稳定。

托福阅读长难句:释放水动能

They revealed output powers ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60 for the largest wheels and confirmed that for maximum efficiency, the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, having given up almost all of its kinetic energy. (TPO29, 48)

blade /bleɪd/ n. (刀﹑ 剑﹑ 凿等的)刃;(划水桨﹑ 螺旋桨﹑ 锹﹑ 铲﹑ 板球击球板等的)扁宽平面部分

kinetic /kɪ'netɪk/ adj. 运动的,运动引起的

They revealed output powers (ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60) (for the largest wheels) and confirmed that (for maximum efficiency), the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, (having given up almost all of its kinetic energy).(TPO29, 48)

分析:

这个句子主干就是:

They revealed output powers and confirmed that

宾语从句的主干:the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed

中文:水应该从叶轮上尽可能光滑地流过,并以最小的速度流走

修饰一:(ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60),非谓语动词

中文:输出功率范围是从1马力到最大水轮可能输出的60马力

修饰二:(for the largest wheels),介词短语

中文:对于最大水轮

修饰三:(for maximum efficiency),介词短语

中文:为了达到最高效率

修饰四:(having given up almost all of its kinetic energy),非谓语动词

中文:释放水的几乎所有动能

参考翻译:

它们(调查)显示输出功率范围是从1马力到最大水轮可能输出的60马力;它们也确定了要达到最高效率,水应该从叶轮上尽可能光滑地流过,并以最小的速度流走,释放水的几乎所有动能。

托福阅读长难句:清洗陶瓷碎片

This abundance is notable in Roman settlements (especially urban sites) (where the labor (that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds (fragments of pottery)) constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases ofexcavation).(TPO29, 42)

分析:

这个句子主干就是:

This abundance is notable in Roman settlements

这个句子理解的难点在于,where从句里中间有一个定语从句,把the labor和constitute隔开了,大家注意这样一个问题。这个问题只要能够理解,速读就不是问题了。

修饰一:(where the labor constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases of excavation),从句

中文:在这些地方劳动占了挖掘初期总工作量的很高的比例

修饰二:(that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds (fragments of pottery)) ,从句,修饰labor,难点就在于这个从句的理解,其实就是put the labor into the washing and storing of pots herds

中文:考古学家花在清洗分类陶瓷碎片上的劳动

参考翻译:

这种丰富性在罗马居住点(尤其在城市)很明显,在这些地方考古学家花在清洗分类陶瓷碎片上的劳动占了挖掘初期总工作量的很高的比例。

托福阅读说明类文章阅读技巧指点

托福听力数字记录技巧

托福阅读备考做题细节指点

托福口语考官打分方法要点实例精析

练习托福口语的5个方法和要点事项

托福听力笔记的要点

托福阅读省时技巧

托福口语答题技巧

托福写作以及技巧

托福阅读的技巧

托福口语技巧分析

托福阅读记录要点技巧方法指点(推荐5篇)

欢迎下载DOC格式的托福阅读记录要点技巧方法指点,但愿能给您带来参考作用!
推荐度: 推荐 推荐 推荐 推荐 推荐
点击下载文档 文档为doc格式
点击下载本文文档