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托福阅读16分的根本原因在哪儿?托福阅读考了16分着实不高啊，为什么只考了16分呢?距离考满分的同学们我们欠缺啥?为帮助大家找到最根本的原因，我们来逐一排查，看看托福阅读16分好吗,怎么提高。
托福阅读16分好吗,怎么提高
1.不会定位
提及定位，恐怕所有的同学都会说定位非常简单。但是，是不是所有同学都可以准确定位，并且高效地完成阅读中的细节题呢?其实不然，我们来看以下这道出自TPO16套的细节题：
According to paragraph 2, how did Middle Eastern shop owners treat their workers?
有的同学一看到这个题目，第一反应就是用Middle Eastern shop owners去原文定位，很快可以找到本段的第二句话：Production was generally in the hands of skilled individual artisans doing piecework under the tutelage of a master who was also the shop owner.但是，当我们读过这句话之后，发现它并没有回答前面的问题，于是我们开始纠结。在将这句话反反复复看了好几遍却仍然找不到答案之后，我们才开始继续往下看。有些同学甚至为了寻找答案干脆将整段看一遍。但是，如果大家一开始在定位的时候，用的是shop owner,treat,和workers来定位，大家就很容易就知道这道题是在问shop owner和workers之间的关系，在读原文第二句话时很快就能发现这句话并没有提到任何与关系相关的单词。于是往下寻找和关系有关的词或者句子。我们很快便会看到后面有一个In these shops differences of rank were blurred，也就是说在这些shop里等级区别模糊了。这不正是说明了owner和worker之间的这种等级关系么?因此，不难确定，这句话才是我们要找的答案。
2.纠结选项
在选项上纠结的这类同学，在对文章的定位上一般不存在问题。他们的问题是，在找到原文之后，却觉得几个选项在文章中都出现过，于是一遍遍地再来读文章。这样做既费时费力，又不一定能对。
对于这些同学，我们要提醒大家，你们需要谨记的就是“符合原文”四个大字。
例如TPO2中的一道题，假定通过定位我们已经找到了原文中答案所在的句子：the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals.这道题对应有两个选项：
A It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.
B It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.
这时爱纠结的同学们又开始纠结了，两个都说cetaceans是mammals，怎么选?亲爱的同学们，你们首先要搞清楚原文到底说的是什么，是说“暗示”还是说“不能掩盖”?如果是说暗示，那就选a，因为a选项清楚的有一个indicate，如果是说不能掩盖，那就选b，因为b选项中有一个cannot conceal。
3.单词量少
单词量少是一个困扰绝大多数考生的问题。对于备考托福的同学来说，攻克单词这个难题，只有一个方法-背!在备考期间大家需要大量地背单词。但是，即使我们很努力的去背了单词，依然会在做题的时候碰到一些我们不认识的单词。这个时候，很多同学就会慌了手脚，不知道怎么办才好。其实，一篇文章对我们造成困难的，不是那些人名、地名和专有名词，而是构成我们要理解的这句话的基本结构。因此，如果碰到一句很长的话，里面有一些生单词，大家不要慌张。只要把这句话的结构弄清楚，你就能读懂这句话的大致意思了。这样，所谓的单词也就不再是你的拦路虎了。我们来看一个TPO1里的句子：
Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.
虽然这句话中生僻的词比较多，但是如果我们能够找出句子的主干，那么这句话就会容易很多。整句的主干结构是这样的：adjacent to timberline, the tundra consists of shrubs and grasses and so on, while rise up, the species and diversities will decrease. 同学们只要能读出来这句话的核心意思是“靠近林木线的土地上到处覆盖着灌木和草，而海拔高度提高的时候，物种减少直到出现大片的荒地”，我们就能够理解这个句子。但是理解的前提是，你必须平时要好好的背单词，如果连一些很简单的单词，例如blur，stimulate都不认识，那么建议大家还是在背单词上多下点功夫吧!
托福阅读能力提升的两个过程
托福阅读答题能力前期积累过程
大家的能力提升一定是要首先的经过一个前期积累过程，在此积累过程里大家需要达到托福考试要求的基本词汇量，还可以利用英语语法知识的学习把握托福阅读里句子的理解。并且大家还要对托福阅读考试特点，其中包含了阅读部分考试时间安排、托福阅读文章的学术性、托福阅读的不同题型特点等都有更深入的了解，对于这部分常识考生可以借助OG来学习，在OG中也要注意把握托福阅读评分规则，理解每一种题型的分值和加试相关内容。
托福阅读答题能力后期培养过程
前期积累过程以后大家还需要重点去培养自己的文章分析能力和答题能力。托福阅读方面的文章和题目是托福阅读的两大部分，大家还要从文章中获取答题依据，同时还要学会合理安排分配到文章和题目的时间。但是单看来，考生对于两部分都要足够熟悉。
若想提升自己的文章分析能力，首先一定要将基础打好，上文已经提到。但更关键的是要在练习中提升托福阅读文章的理解能力，考生还要更多的阅读，选择英语原版小说又或有关英语学习材料进行阅读，在长时间的阅读里整理词汇、积累背景知识，特别是大家还要对托福阅读重点材资料文章进行精读，从中熟悉托福阅读文章的套路，为文章分析做好准备;考生也要通过做题来不断提升分析文章的能力，因为题目往往需要考生提取内容主干，也会透露出一些文章重点的信息;当然，考生也要学会总结自己的理解问题，不断攻克在文章理解中的弱点。
托福阅读做题需遵循的正确顺序
一：顺序做题
在此方法里一般考生们会使用5分钟左右的时间将整篇文章阅读完成，但是把大概的重点全部放到文章的结构与关键内容的理解中。但是还有15分钟剩余时间，通常是会从题目的题顺序做到后一题。相当于是文章应对题目，看了一段题目以后可以去把相应要解决掉的题目找到。如此的方法相信是大部分备考学生都会采用到的。其优点在于，可以让大家对于整题的文章有了一定的把握，同时，容易理解文章的细节信息，建立阅读的自信。当然，其中的确定就是，很难控制好答题的时间，另外在做后一题时候，往往会需要我们在重新阅读一下整篇文章。
二：后一题
有关上述的问题，考生们原来就想过要改变顺序，目的是应对答题时间的问题。那么在阅读完整篇文章以后，可以首先去做后一到小结题，而后又去从题做到倒数第二题。肯定的如此的方法会有好处存在，由于在阅读才结束以后针对整篇文章有着比较深的印象，在完成后一题是能有比较高的准确率。但如果在这道题中稍稍耽搁了一会儿，也将会之后解题带来很大的时间压力。
三：先题后文
可以使用题目还原到文章如此的解题，现在同样是被大家慢慢推崇的一种好的答题方法。相当于是大家能够用15分钟做题。再去先题后文，读题目可以按照关键词定位到段落中某段话。而后做这句话以及选项内容的比对，后把答案找到。但到了后的5分钟时间，大家能够留给后一题了。这样的方法不可以计划证在规定时间内完成答题，同时，也可以计划证大多数题目的准确率。但是，想要使用这种方法，我们就必须有着很好的答题技巧，必须对于各个托福阅读题型的解题方法和流程非常娴熟，否则只能增加自己解题的心理负担。
托福阅读资料：植物细胞组成
The cells of a plant'are organized into three tissue systems: dermal,vascular, and ground tissue. Each tissue system is continuous throughout theplant's body. The specific characteristics of each tissue, however, are different in the different organs ofthe plant.
The dermal tissue system is the “skin” of the plant. The dermal system, or epidermis,is a single layer of cells covering the entire body of the plant. The mailn function of the epidermis is to protect the plant. The epidermis also has specialized characteristics for the particular organs it covers. For example, the epidermis ofleaves and stems has a waxy coating that helps the plant conserve water, and the epidermal cells near the tips of the plant's roots help the plant absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
The second tissue system-the vascular system-is the transportation system for water and nutrients. Vascular tissue also helps to support the plant's structure. The third system- the ground tissue-makes up the bulk of a plant, filling all of the spaces between the dermal and vascular tissue systems. Ground tissue functions in photosynthesis, storage, and support.
1、How are the three tissue systems of a piant similar to each other?
They all continue throughout the plant's body
They all have a protective waxy coating.
They all consist of a single layer of cells.
They all perform the same bodily functions.
2、which ofthe following statements best scribes the plant's epidermis?
It helps the plant to stand upright
It transports water and nutrients.
It covers the plant's entire body.
It is found only in young plants.
3. Which type of tissue does a plant's body mainly consist of?
Dermal
Vascular
Epidermis
Ground
The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, while others caved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads. Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as sculptors in today's use of the word.
On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian image of King George III that was created in New York in 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years later. A few marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations were produced in England and brought to the colonies to be set in the walls of churches — as in King's Chapel in Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling, casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to choose — either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of European sculptors.
The eighteenth century was not one in which powered sculptural conceptions were developed. Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans — originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers — attacked the medium from which they sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.
1. What is the main idea of the passage ?
(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans.
(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770's.
(C) Many foreign sculptors worked in the United States after 1776.
(D) American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials.
2. The word motifs in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) tools
(B) prints
(C) signatures
(D) designs
3. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds?
(A) European sculptors
(B) Carpenters
(C) Stone carves
(D) Cabinetmakers
4. The word others in line 6 refers to
(A) craftspeople
(B) decorations
(C) ornamentations
(D) shop signs
5. The word distinct in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) separate
(B) assembled
(C) notable
(D) inferior
6. The word rare in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) festive
(B) infrequent
(C) delightful
(D) unexpected
7. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13?
(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States.
(B) He was well known for his wood carvings
(C) He produced sculpture for churches.
(D) He settled in the United States in 1776.
8. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England?
(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import
(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States.
(C) Such sculpture was as prestigious as those made locally.
(D) The materials found abroad were superior.
9. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors?
(A) It was less time-consuming
(B) It was more dangerous.
(C) It was more expensive.
(D) It was less refined.
答案：BDCAA BABD
Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.
One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.
While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century
(B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal
(C) Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century
(D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century
2. The word bias in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) diagonal
(B) slope
(C) distortion
(D) prejudice
3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas
(A) were suspicious of their neighbors
(B) were very proud of their lifestyle
(C) believed city government had too much power
(D) wanted to move to the cities
4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to
(A) participate in the urban reform movement
(B) seek financial security
(C) comply with a government ordinance
(D) avoid crime and corruption
5. The word embraced in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) suggested
(B) overestimated
(C) demanded
(D) welcomed
6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?
(A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.
(B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth
(C) They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.
(D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.
7. The word exorbitant in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) additional
(B) expensive
(C) various
(D) modified
8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT
(A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies
(B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments
(C) the availability of services was regulated by local government
(D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments
9. The word Proponents in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) Experts
(B) Pioneers
(C) Reviewers
(D) Supporters
10. Why does the author mention industrialization (line 24)?
(A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities
(B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas
(C) To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem
(D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories
答案：CDBBD ABDDA
1.概括性地观察
在练习中，我们通常会阅读一些文章或段落。这时我们可以略读，通过总结第一段或每段的内容，我们可以知道文章是关于什么的，而不是逐字逐句地阅读，这样阅读既浪费时间，也不能提高我们的英语阅读能力。
2.学会引导阅读
当你练习托福阅读文章时，你可以设置题目、副标题、图片和第一句话的问题。你可以把它们写在你自己的位置上。这将帮助你在看问题时更清楚地理解文章的内容。
3.做标记
如果我们在阅读过程中遇到一个问题的关键字或短语，我们需要把它标记起来并记住。因为如果这里遇到了，说明很可能以后的考试中也会遇到，这些是我们在练习中需要建立的关键标记和短语，不仅是在以后的阅读中，是在其他部分也能用到。
4.学会提问
当你阅读一个段落时，你可以在每个段落的开头写一个问题。当你看到这个问题时，你会想到这段话的意思。这样就让自己对段落有一个清晰的了解，还能做一个很好的归纳总结。
5.学会从经验中推断
在托福阅读整个学习过程中，学生应该学习推断，这是在你完全掌握了内容之后，对本文出现的一些问题，可以联系到日常生活中，从而更好地解题。
利用这种连带的关系，考生可以多阅读文章并多学习，提高自己的阅读兴趣和能力，这也是提高托福阅读的好方法。
1、逐字阅读 ---应该采用意群阅读法。
2、回读 ----阅读讲究一气呵成，不要遇到生词，难点就又从头读。容易割裂句子之间的语义关系。
3、指读。 用手，笔指着书一行行读。
4、出声阅读。
5、晃头读。
6、心译。
分数要求
想得28分以上，一般就是错3个左右，也就是不含加试一篇一个。我给自己的要求：不能错词汇题以外的任何题
托福阅读时间分配：
15分钟一篇，一篇13/14道题。(官方要求是20分钟一篇)
13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外，其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第8题/第9题的样子，是一段会出2道理解题的段落。题目编排，近几年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难，生词多，第三篇简单难度类似早期TPO。
在题目上一般是(细节 词汇，细节 作用， 细节 词汇， 细节 词汇 改写， 细节 词汇， 黑点 大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题，早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。
简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题，尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间，用下面的方法去读的话，20分钟一般都是够用的。
托福阅读障碍：
速度：1’大概150-170字，生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。
选项：词汇量一般，有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。
新托福阅读真题训练技巧：
1，粗看下文章的段数，对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段，那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话，对文章的整体意思心中有数。
2，每段段首变成中文理解，以迅速的进入状态，并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题，这段的段首也要读)
3，鉴于每段都会出细节题，如果有词汇题等先只看一句话，做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章，鉴于有四个选项，选一个对的或者不对的，看的时候自己要边看边总结，比如总结出三个步骤， 解释了三个方面的问题，或者其他。
4，要检查，每个不确定的题都标上guess回来看，我不确定的题错的概率还是非常高的。如果不走神的理解全文，一般15分钟是够的，还能剩下几分钟检查。
托福阅读练习：华尔街最受青睐职业
Wall Street has undergone a radical face lift this year, but finance industry recruiters are expected to stick to roughly the same formula when looking to fill entry-level positions with college graduates in the future.
华尔街如今已经彻底改头换面了。不过，金融业招聘人士在寻找大学毕业生填补初级职位空缺的时候，预计仍将坚持与以往大致相同的甄选原则。
Wealth management, investment banking and research are expected to see a hiring surge in the coming years, according to Joseph Logan, founder and managing director of Pinnacle Group International, a New York executive recruiting firm specializing in the financial services industry.
Pinnacle Group International的创始人兼董事总经理约瑟夫 洛根(Joseph Logan)表示，财富管理、投资银行和研究领域有望在未来几年掀起招聘热潮。Pinnacle Group International是纽约一家专业服务于金融服务业的高管猎头公司。
'A strong background in accounting plus financial [knowledge in] evaluation is the key-and being well-rounded will help a lot,' says David Smith, an associate professor at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia who specializes in corporate finance and banking. Strong social skills and the ability to think creatively are important to round out more technical and quantitative talents.
“会计和财务估值方面的过硬背景是应聘成功的关键，知识全面也会大有帮助，”弗吉尼亚大学(University of Virginia)麦金太尔商学院(McIntire School of Commerce)专门从事企业财务和银行业研究的副教授史密斯(David Smith)表示。出色的社交技能和创新思维能力对于那些偏重技术性和数理方面的人才来说是个重要的补充。
Mr. Smith, who helps prepare students for finance job interviews, advises the students who want to head to Wall Street to eschew finance fads like the current demand in restructuring or credit derivatives which were hot two years ago and focus on becoming fluent in accounting and financial evaluation fundamentals that are applicable to any specialty. As the economy recovers more traditional financial services functions, such as mergers and acquisitions advisory will make a comeback, according to Mr. Smith .
史密斯帮助学生们为金融职位面试做准备。他向那些希望在华尔街发展的学生们建议说，要避开金融业一时的潮流,比如眼下对两年前颇为流行的重组或者信用衍生品方面的人才需求，而将目光集中在像会计和财务估值基本知识这样适用于所有金融领域的研究。随着经济的复苏,那些更为传统的金融服务业务比如并购咨询行业将重新焕发活力,史密斯表示。
Hard skills such as 'budgeting, forecasting, financial models and, for example, transaction-oriented proficiencies' that point to a 'strong business acumen' will be weighed in the recruitment process said Terri L. Gregos, director of college relations at Bank of New York Mellon, a global financial services firm.
“能够表明应聘者拥有一个敏锐头脑的比如做预算、预测、金融模型和交易技巧”这样的专业技能将在招聘阶段得到考察，全球性的金融服务企业纽约银行(Bank of New York Mellon)大学关系部门的负责人格瑞高斯(Terri L. Gregos)表示。
Other factors that make up the traditional formula include a high grade point average, sound quantitative skills-a desirable trait among engineering and mathematics majors-internship experience at a finance firm, and the ability to communicate effectively.
传统用人标准中的其他条件还包括优秀的学业成绩、扎实的数理计算能力──这是工程学和数学专业毕业生所具备的一个吸引人的特点──金融公司的实习经验以及有效沟通能力。
What may be the biggest change on the hiring landscape is the cast of recruiters. Smaller boutique and advisory firms are likely to continue their growth spurt over the next few years to fill the space left behind by the contracting firms like Bank of America and Citigroup. The middle market investment bank Jefferies & Co., for example, is expanding at a rapid clip and Mr. Smith predicts it could become a big player in a few years. The bank has added almost 250 workers since the end of , according to the firm's third-quarter earnings report.
在招聘方面的最大改变可能要算是雇主了。小型投行和咨询公司有可能在未来几年延续它们的飞速增长势头，以弥补诸如美国银行(Bank of America)和花旗(Citigroup)这样的公司留下的空白。举例来说，中间市场投资银行Jefferies & Co.正在迅速扩张，史密斯预计这家公司将在未来几年变得举足轻重。该公司第三季度的财报显示，Jefferies & Co.从底开始已经增加了近250名员工。
Since most of the small firms lack the infrastructure to train new hires as intensely as their larger rivals, finance or business majors could be more attractive than an English or history concentration, says Barbara Hewitt, senior associate director of the career services center of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
由于大多数小公司缺少像大公司那样对新员工进行严格培训的组织结构，金融或商业专业的毕业生可能比英语或历史专业的毕业生更受青睐，宾夕法尼亚大学(University of Pennsylvania)沃顿商学院职业服务中心高级副主任休伊特(Barbara Hewitt)表示。
Students at liberal arts schools that don't offer intensive finance and accounting classes can develop a solid entry-level finance resume by enrolling in basic accounting and macro and micro economic courses. They can also bulk up on the more technical areas of finance by enrolling in summer classes at other institutions.
那些在不提供金融、会计高级课程的文科院校读书的学生们通过注册学习基础的会计和宏观、微观经济学课程也能拥有一份适合金融业初级职位的简历。他们还可以通过报名参加其他学校的夏季课程增强自己对更为专业的金融学知识的掌握。
Meanwhile, fields like risk management may be gaining traction on Wall Street today in the wake of the financial crisis. Ms. Hewitt says employers have also been posting more positions in risk management this year than before. And more than 23,000 of finance professionals have registered to take the financial risk management certification exam this year, a 70% increase compared to 2008, according to the Global Association of Risk Professionals, the organization that administers the exam.
与此同时，在金融危机爆发后，像风险管理这样的领域或许正在华尔街日渐走红。休伊特说，今年各大公司在风险管理方面的招聘职位也多过往年。今年超过2.3万名金融专业人士注册参加金融风险管理资格证书考试，这个数字和20相比增加了70%，组织这项考试的全球风险管理专业人士协会(Global Association of Risk Professionals)表示。
And while was a down year for wealth managers, many firms are now in growth mode in an attempt to regain assets that were lost during the recession. JPMorgan Chase & Co. plans to hire about 600 brokers for its retail brokerage unit Bear Stearns Private Client Services and will open three offices next year, according to statements by executives at the firm. Credit Suisse Group also announced plans to add approximately 200 wealth managers each year, boosting its number of relationship managers to 4,000 by the end of from the present 3,400.
尽管对于财富管理者们来说不是个好年头，但许多公司眼下仍正处在增长阶段。它们正在努力重新获得那些在经济衰退中失去的资产。摩根大通公司(JPMorgan Chase & Co.)计划为其零售经纪业务贝尔斯登私人客户服务(Bear Stearns Private Client Services)聘用大约600名经纪人，该公司明年还将开设三家办事处。瑞士信贷集团(Credit Suisse Group)也表示，计划每年增加约200名财富管理经理，这样一来，到年底，该公司客户经理的人数将从目前的3,400人增加到4,000人。
托福阅读20分20天怎么提高?
1.全文，明确主旨大意
阅读理解首先是对文章中心思想的理解。托福阅读文章大多是议论文，要想快速捕捉文章大意，考生需要特别注意文章的首段和尾段，以及每段话的主题句。在托福阅读文章中，作者通常在文章的开头就提出论述的观点，因此，概括主旨大意的主题句往往会出现在文章的首段。同样，各个段落的论点也往往位于该段的段首。掌握了这一规律，通过快速浏览各段，就能很快找出体现全文以及各段大意的关键句。下面我们以OG-Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores这篇文章为例来看一下。
2.干，做标记
通过浏览全文，清楚了文章的结构，把握了文章的主旨大意后，要学会结合四个选项看题干，并划出题干中的关键词。
3.关键词，找出对应句
4.选项看差异，选定正确答案
对一时难以确定答案的试题，要认真比较四个选项，找出差异，然后仔细斟酌原文的相关信息，最终确定最佳选项。对于纠结的选项，我们可以采用排除法，将原文中没有提到的、与原文信息不符的或者答非所问的选项进行排除，剩下的就是正确答案了。
本文和大家分享的是托福阅读方法：结构扫描法，大家在以后做托福阅读题的时候可以进行练习，相信对于以后的托福阅读考试一定会有帮助的。
托福阅读结构扫描法第一步：花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子，定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟，因为有的文章七八分钟便可以轻松对付，有的文章则需要15分钟左右。
一般来说，4篇文章中有2篇难度大一些，比方说：如果最后一篇文章难度卢大，且12-14道题，在这种情况下，按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题，带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难程度，同时目测文章的含金量(即题量分布)，有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。
托福阅读结构扫描法第二步：采取结构扫描法阅读具体的一篇文章。所谓结构，即文章的骨架子。TOEFL文章是纯学术体(Academic)，是北美国际留学生在大学里天天都能接触到的教科书风格的文章，这些文章涉及人文社科和自然科学，均为议论文、说明文，最显著的特点是呈板块结构。
托福阅读备考之常考话题汇总
1. 人：学术性的托福阅读常考的就是各种科学家，以ist和er结尾居多。
例如：anthropologist，archaeologist，paleontologist，zoologist，geogrAPher，astronomer
(人类学家，考古学家，古生物学家，动物学家，地理学家，天文学家)
这类的词汇大家无需记住拼写，只要在阅读中出现可以辨认就足以。在面对未知的专有名词时，至少要判断他们存在于那个学科，才好进行下一步的推理。
2. 地质、地貌：这类文章在托福学术阅读中比重很大。建议大家对其中的托福阅读常考词汇进行积累。
例如：volcano，layer，conglomerate，karst，porous，permeable，meteorolite，asteroid
火山，(地)层，砾岩，喀斯特地貌(石灰岩的一种地形)，多孔的(有透气性与透水性)，可渗透的，陨石，小行星
3. 气候、动物与生态：与生物和地球有关的托福阅读话题是托福阅读常考的。
例如：unpredictable，vary，range
from，extinction，endangered，tropical，jungle，equatorial
不可预测的，改变(动词)，变化幅度(动词)，灭绝，濒危的，热带的，丛林，赤道附近的
4. 历史、考古，这类托福阅读话题是托福阅读常考对象，也要加以注意。
尤其是历史文章的考法不是单纯的讲古，而是从各个层面切入，有很多的表现形式。可能是古人类的迁徙，那就是人类历史。贸易和交通运输的发展，那就是经济史，等等。
例如，relics，remains，mausoleum，handicraft，cohesiveness，territorial，civilization
遗迹，遗迹或残骸，陵墓，手工艺品，凝聚性，领土的，文明
托福阅读备考之代词的应用
1、指代题
例题1：
Paragraph 3: At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.
The word they in the passage refers to
○valleys
○trees
○heights
○ridges
首先，在考察指代题时，代词“they”在题干中打上阴影，并且原文中代词“they”也打上了阴影，所以指代题不需要定位。
其次，在解答指代题时，我们只需要看两句话，一是代词所在的这句，二是前面一句。以这道题为例，我们这句话是由since引导的原因状语从句，主句的主语是trees, 然后trees所在的这句话又接了个even though引导的让步状语从句，而从句中的主语是代词，很明显它指代的就是主句中的主语，所以答案是“trees”。所以我们得出了一条规律：在主从复合句中，主语应该是一致的。
例题2：
Paragraph 6: Workers were united in resenting the industrial system and their loss of status, but they were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender, conflicting religious perspectives, occupational differences, political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics. For them, the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives. As United States society became more specialized and differentiated, greater extremes of wealth began to appear. And as the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller, less skilled tasks.
The word them in the passage refers to
○workers
○political party loyalties
○disagreements over tactics
○agents of opportunity
拿到这道题，我们发现代词“them”在这句话的句首，for them对他们来说，所以这道题的指代在上一句中。我们不难发现，上一句话中出现了大量的名词短语的并列，而选项中B和C在原文中是以并列形式出现的，表明重要性一致，所以优先排除这两个选项，那么上句话中唯一提到的名词又在选项中出现的，只有A。
提醒广大托儿们，当两个选项在文中是以并列或列举形式出现，那么我们首先先排除这两个选项。
2、事实信息题
例题1：
Paragraph 3: The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death of injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals.
According to paragraph 3, scholars explained chips in the painted figures of animals by proposing that
○Upper Paleolithic artists used marks to record the animals they had seen
○the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals for hunting
○the artists had removed rough spots on the cave walls
○Upper Paleolithic people used the paintings to increase their luck at hunting
事实信息题主要考察的就是准确定位和同义转换的能力，所以只需要带着题干中的信息到文章定位，阅读相关的一两句话，找到同义改写，即能选出答案。但是对众多考生来说，准确定位不难，但是到底我们应该阅读定位信息的什么地方，前面还是后面，亦或是该句本身?
首先，题干中的名词：chips是解题关键，到文中定位到第七行倒数第二个单词，我们发现这句话的主语是this theory, 所以chips想要提出的理论，应该在上句话中。往前看一句，我们发现该句的主语是another explanation, 很明显这是段落的分论点二，所以答案就是这一句，画动物的理由是improve their luck at hunting, 选项D最好地表达了这个概念。
3、推断题
推断题一直都被很多学生“嫌弃”，因为它太难了，正确率总是提不上来，要不就是不知道怎么推断，要不就是过度臆想，反正就是想不通答案的来源。而今天朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家们将从代词指代的角度帮助大家解决推断题。
例题1：
Paragraph 1: When it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.
What can be inferred about whales from paragraph 1?
○They are considered by some to be reptiles.
○Their bodies are built in a way that helps them manage extremely cold temperatures.
○They are distantly related to leatherback turtles.
○They can swim farther than leatherback turtles.
首先：题干中出现“infer”、“imply”和“indicate”表明它是推断题，顾名思义，推断题的答案文中没有明确给出，但是答案一定基于原文，一定是原文的合理推断，不能妄自联想和猜想。我们通过题干中的唯一名词“whale”定位，发现它在第二行，我们很快也发现这句话的主语是：leatherback turtle, whale只是和它有类比关系，他们很相像，因为文中出现了“the leatherback turtle is more like a reptilian whale.” 紧接着我们看到下一句：it swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans, 这句话中出现代词it, 很明显指代的是上句话中：leatherback turtle, 但是turtle和whale是类比关系，所以turtle能做的事，whale也可以，所以答案和在冰冷的海水中可以游得很远有关，所以答案是B。
托福阅读备考之三种不同做题顺序
方法一：顺序做题
在这样的方法中，通常大家都会用5分钟左右的时间阅读完整篇文章，而将大概的重点都放在文章的结构和关键内容的理解中。而剩余的15分钟时间，就会从题目的第一题顺序做到最后一题。也就是说，文章应对题目，看了一段题目后，找到相应要解决掉的题目。这样的方法相信是大部分备考学生都会采用到的。其优点在于，可以让大家对于整题的文章有了一定的把握，同时，容易理解文章的细节信息，建立阅读的自信。当然，其中的确定就是，很难控制好答题的时间，另外在做最后一题时候，往往会需要我们在重新阅读一下整篇文章。
方法二：最后一题优先
而针对以上这样的问题，很多同学也曾经考虑过改变顺序从而应对答题时间的问题。也就是是说，在阅读完整篇文章之后，先做最后一到小结题，然后再从第一题做到倒数第二题。当然，这样方法有着一定的好处，因为在刚刚阅读结束后对于整篇文章有着比较深的印象，在完成最后一题是能有比较高的准确率。但如果在这道题中稍稍耽搁了一会儿，也将会之后解题带来很大的时间压力。
方法三：先题后文
用题目还原到文章这样的解题，目前也是被大家逐渐推崇的一种不错的答题方法。也就是说，我们可以花上15分钟做第一题。然后，先题后文，读题目根据关键词定位到段落中某段话。然后，进行这句话和选项内容的比对，找到最终的答案。而最后的5分钟，我们就可以留给最后一题了。这样的方法不仅可以保证在规定时间内完成答题，同时，也可以保证绝大多数题目的准确率。但是，想要使用这种方法，我们就必须有着很好的答题技巧，必须对于各个题型的解题方法和流程非常娴熟，否则只能增加自己解题的心理负担。
怎么提高阅读理解分数
1、题型——注重解题方法
托福阅读10种题型，除最后的小结题外大都属于考查文章细节的题目。根据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步，然后就是理解。此时如果词汇量太小怎么办?事实上做阅读我们永远要牢记的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了，
比如：The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops.
这个句子较长，其中有which引导的定语从句，还有hunted… 这个状语，而解题时我们只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多数同学在做题时有个习惯就是看到一句话后就开始逐词阅读，甚至试图把它翻译成中文，这可谓“兵家大忌”。
遇到一句话先抓主干，遇到整段记得扫描段落有无显眼的连词，举例信号词等，浏览每段的主题句。
再说一下小结题，大多数考生的切肤之痛。一是做到最后一题时时间已所剩无几，二是最后一题是对全文的主要内容的总结，相对复杂。
在课堂中，我一再向学生强调把握全文结构及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?
一是做题之前可大概浏览文章的标题及每段首句。作为学术性的阅读文章，首句基本都是主题句。尤其是总分结构的文章，比如练习题6中的Infantile Amnesia, 虽然文章较难理解，但是文中明确提出了三种观点first，second，third… 那么此类文章小结题的选项太显而易见了。再者，文章的每段会对应出2-3道题，那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以在进行练习题练习时，做题虽不可或缺，但还要注意多加练习快速阅读文章的能力。
2、主题——增加背景知识
有部分学生反映做阅读时很难投入进去，有一点原因就是对于文章所述内容太过陌生，如果你对其略知一二，相信定会有所不同。比如练习题中有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表，对于高中生来说再熟悉不过了，阅读的时候半读半猜，估计也可以理解的八九不离十了。
若考试准备时间充足，可以多加涉猎，扩充自己的知识背景;若时间紧张，则需搞定练习题套题。根据文章记忆单词，并不是文章中出现的每一个“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词，尤其是出现在句子主干中，与解题有关的词汇。
除了词汇，应学会分析题干及题目，比如题干中出现了effect，conclusion之类的词，其实已经界定了我们寻找的范围——段落靠后的部分，还有就是观点性和总结性的句子永远会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项，进行对比，比如句子简化题，做一题需要看五个长句，似乎很花费时间，但并不需要每个句子都要细看，而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干，抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。
例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them.
原句是因果逻辑的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.接着来看选项：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 显然是因果倒置了，毫不犹豫地灭掉;C. 因为此选项中出现比较not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一个核心词，而原文中是修饰动词的副词spectacularly，并未进行比较，二话不说也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 这原因里怎么多出来一项啊，掳袖子撵人吧!
管中窥豹，可见一斑。由此例可见找关键，作分析可帮助我们快速并且准确的找出选项。值得注意的一点是：无论解题方法多么巧妙，离开了大量的练习就是“无本之源”。
如何备考托福阅
一、托福阅读答题顺序错误
顺序影响速度，进而影响考试得分。
考生在托福阅读答题时究竟是先看文章还是先读题，就跟“先有鸡还是先有蛋”的问题一样难解，若你还没有找到一个较合理的做题顺序，不妨按照下面的流程来：
先看题，再看每道题目标示出的其对应的段落，并在该段中进行考点定位，阅读，最终选出答案。这样比较容易取得托福阅读高分。
二、托福阅读答题思路错误
常听学生说“这道题做错是因为我当时想多了”。托福阅读的选项之间意思很贴近。而托福阅读基本是在考paraphrase(释义)。
那么在做题的时候一定要注意：答案都是在文中能直接找的到的，不要去做任何推断，哪怕是所谓的推断题。
三、托福阅读答题技巧运用不熟练
首先，我们做题时要时刻保持主动性。这里的主动是指在读文章的时候应主动思考并预判下文以及出题点。并且这招也是很多高分学员分享的经验。那么，“采取主动预判的做题方式，能够帮助你更快的完成题目”这就是一种做题技巧。
不过，知道了技巧和会运用可是两码事。如何熟练的运用?要做系统的训练：托福阅读的每篇文章的逻辑结构都是很严谨的，并且这种严谨的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。
四、阅读核心基本功-单词量不够
很多25/26分的学生刷了数次托福阅读依旧没有满分，分析原因发现他们有一个共性，那就是单词背的不扎实。单词不过关，很容易对题目和文章内容的理解产生偏差。因为你只有看懂了，才会明白题意，才知道如何答题。不以词汇量为基础的所有做题技巧都是不可靠的。所以还是得踏踏实实背单词!
备考托福阅读有哪些需要注意的事项?
1、对托福阅读题型需了解
托福阅读总共包含了三篇文章，每篇文章的单词数在650～750个单词之间，对应考试试题一般在12道左右，这些题目的类型包含：总结题、图表题、词汇题、推断题、修辞目的题、事实信息题等题目。托福阅读的考试时间在60分钟，这个时间需要你去合理的分配时间，在规定的时间把所有的题都解决掉。
2、托福阅读误区需避免
在托福阅读考试中一些误区是要同学们要必须避免的，在平常的备考练习中就要时刻谨记，首先在阅读审题时不要一字不漏的都看完这样你的时间就根本不够用，要学会抓重点。其次是文章没有看完就开始做题，这样整体文章说的什么都不知道，想做对题那就更难了。第三是惧怕生词，做题难免会遇到生词，这时也不要紧张，通过上下文的分析找到正确答案是没有问题的。
3、掌握解题技巧
除了了解托福阅读考什么外，掌握解题技巧也是拿到满意托福成绩的关键。托福解题技巧能够让你在解答过程中除了节省时间外正确率也是非常高的。首先做阅读的前提是英语单词得认识，在掌握了托福阅读做题方法之前，单词的记忆是必修课，提高词汇量是提高阅读成绩的基础。很多同学在做阅读时先读文章每段的首句，然后再看考试题目，再找出文章的托福阅读应对试题。这需要同学们找到适合自己的解题方法来应对解题。
托福阅读如何读懂
1、花两三分钟时间扫描每篇托福阅读文章头一两个句子，定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟，但是有的文章七八分钟便可以轻松对付，有的文章则需要15分钟左右。一般来说，5篇文章中有2篇难度大一些，比方说：如果最后一篇文章难度大，且12-14道题，在这种情况下，按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题，带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难程度，同时目测文章的含金量(即题量分布)，有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。
2、采取“结构扫描”法阅读具体的一篇文章。所谓结构，即文章的骨架子。托福阅读文章是纯学术体(Academic)，是北美国际留学生在大学里天天都能接触到的教科书风格的文章，这些文章涉及人文社科和自然科学，均议论文、说明文，最显著的特点是呈板块结构。
文章均由数个自然段组成，正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透，文章首句经常为文章主题。然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读，文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句，没有必要每个句子理解难度大，而不涉及考题，在此句停留无疑是白白浪费时间。所以，采取“结构扫描”法，意味着以最快捷的方式了解托福阅读文章大意，从而正确引导下一步做具体的题，而不至于出现大方向的理解错误。
托福阅读的速成方法
分数要求
想得28分以上，一般就是错3个左右，也就是不含加试一篇一个。我给自己的要求：不能错词汇题以外的任何题
阅读时间：
15分钟一篇，一篇13/14道题。(官方要求是20分钟一篇)
13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外，其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第8题/第9题的样子，是一段会出2道理解题的段落。题目编排，近几年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难，生词多，第三篇简单难度类似早期TPO。
在题目上一般是(细节 词汇，细节 作用， 细节 词汇， 细节 词汇 改写， 细节 词汇， 黑点 大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题，早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。
简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题，尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间，用下面的方法去读的话，20分钟一般都是够用的。
我的阅读障碍：
速度：1’大概150-170字，生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。
选项：词汇量一般，有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。
新托福阅读真题训练技巧：
1，粗看下文章的段数，对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段，那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话，对文章的整体意思心中有数。
2，每段段首变成中文理解，以迅速的进入状态，并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题，这段的段首也要读)
3，每读一段整理一次逻辑，A支持的观点是，A的观点的问题是B的观点是。。。(记忆法，图像帮助理解，逻辑帮助记忆，生成图像来理解含义，对逻辑部分用色彩记忆红黄绿记忆法，每一段的第一句作为逻辑中心标记黄色，这段如果讲倒推如原因，在脑中的逻辑框架就在红色的区域生成记忆，如果正推将后果等就在绿色区域生成图像，读完全文留下来的会是每一排都是红黄绿三色的逻辑关系，每一段都纵向罗列，如下)红——黄——绿
红——黄——绿
4，鉴于每段都会出细节题，如果有词汇题等先只看一句话，做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章，鉴于有四个选项，选一个对的或者不对的，看的时候自己要边看边总结，比如总结出三个步骤， 解释了三个方面的问题，或者其他。5，要检查，每个不确定的题都标上guess回来看，我不确定的题错的概率还是非常高的。如果不走神的理解全文，一般15分钟是够的，还能剩下几分钟检查。
新托福阅读真题做题策略：
词汇题、句子改写题——只读该句不读完整段(30‘ 4 + 1’ 1)耗时3分钟
词汇题看好单词的词性、发出者(是人，是物)，保持一致的最对，看这一句即可。
In the past,whole cities grew from the arduoustask of cutting and piling stone upon. Some of the world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the eastern Andes
Mountains
of Peru.猜词是保证不了完全准了，根据意思，这道题排除BD，剩下AC很是纠结，但是看task本身，skilled task这种说法小奇怪，一般是skilled workers，所以选A
The word “arduous” in the passage is closest inmeaning to
○Difficult○Necessary○Skilled○Shared
词汇题对于我一直是难点超爱错，猜出来的，如果有时间检查一定要再看一下，从ETS出题的角度考虑。
托福阅读22分怎么样?有这样一种说法，托福考试中如果阅读在25分以下，总分达到100分以上的希望就会很小。托福阅读目前在22分的同学想要提升，达到25分以上，需要从哪几方面去突破?
托福阅读22分怎么样
托福阅读，往往是这样几个部分容易丢分。
1 单词题
2 图表题
3 同义转换题。
在这里面单词题，建议你最好的解决方法，就是看看我们以前已经考过的单词题的汇总。当然，多背单词总不会有错，如果你已经把托福单词和这个词汇题汇总背的纯熟，而且就是单词题不过关的话，我建议你如果有时间就再去背一下GRE单词。
图表题，这东西可是个硬通货，真的是考察我们阅读的速度。因此如果想在这个题拿到满分，就是要有充足的时间，怎么才算有充足的时间呢?简单来说，就是前面的1-12题最多要用15分钟做完，给最后这道题剩下5分钟的时间，才能保证此题的绝对正确率，而且做本题的时候还要注意，本题其实分为分为2类，一类是细节全错，一类是细节也为正确，一定要分清!
同义转换题，就是要注重细节。做本题的时候，一定要注意，加强阅读基本功，尤其是语法的练习!只有把语法练到纯熟，才能保证同义转换题的绝对正确率，切记切记!
除此之外，托福阅读这东西大多数情况下，考的就是细节，因此如果想更上一层楼，强烈建议狠抓语法，只要能做到将所学的语法融会贯通，可以保证托福阅读满分如探囊取物!
托福阅读备考技巧
一、把托福阅读的题型识别：把托福阅读关键词和特色标志抓住。托福阅读中的10大题型中每一种题型都能够按照题干的提问方式与题目内容辨别。但是大家在辨别托福阅读题目内容以后，托福考生们是能够按照每一类题目的特点和方法进行解答。
二、把托福阅读的方法掌握：托福阅读的解题重要的依然是侧重在对托福阅读文章题干的剖析，还有与托福阅读文章内容的熟悉度和上下文联系。
三、一个内容和多种题型。
一个中心是指：利用大致1分钟的时间将托福阅读文章的主题把握清楚。其中包含了托福阅读文章的标题、每一段的开始一句与后一段的末句。在阅读句子时还需要记得做笔记，主要目的是记录托福阅读文章的主题句中的专有名词。
多种题型是指：托福阅读多种的题型
1、细节题：
(1)托福阅读题目特征：According to Paragraph .... 其中有的专有名词或含修饰语的名词;
(2)托福阅读解题方法：首先读托福阅读题目要求又去读对应的自然段，把关键词A找出做定位，托福阅读题目正确答案都是从原文里选择。
2、指代题：
(1)托福阅读题目特征：The word“某代词” in the passage refers to“原文代词灰框”;
(2)托福阅读解题方法：把托福阅读里灰框代词之前的一句话里的名词找出，复数代词找复数名词与单数代词找单数名词，有时还可能对应名词性短语答案必在代词之前离得很近。
托福备考阅读有哪些细节内容
一：要谈的是大家的阅读习惯。
在考生们练习托福阅读过程中，逐字逐句的做阅读，此为一个不必要的弯路了，这样的阅读方法是不可行的。关键是要把速读学会，但是在此速读根本就不是粗粗的明白文章大意。其为的是寻找到和题目相关的段落或者语句，同时当阅读时，大家另外需要的是找到关键字，分段总结大意，这样才能更有效的提升阅读效率。
二：对于阅读而言，很多同学都是会忽略了审题这一个重要的环节。
其实，在考生们备考了一段时间后，你就会发现多数文章都是可以在文章标题中找到关键点的。但需要的只是将这样的关键点当作是阅读全文指引，才可以把的收益收到。当成是托福阅读的一种技巧，一定要在清晰明了的进行审题以后，再进入阅读。若目的是形式化的“审题”，如此针对全文阅读的效率仍然是并未有其它帮助的。
三：根据词汇的角度分析。
和四六级英语考试以及托福考试做比较，托福考试对于词汇的要求是大大的提升了的。同时里面还包含了许多的专业词汇。当大家在托福阅读的练习里，是可以更加明显的感受到这一问题，但有的考生一样会在考前急攻有的十分生僻词汇，以备应考。其实，对于文章中的生词来说，有时根本是不需要大家见一个背一个，依然是要按照上下文的内容和关系，运用逻辑推理的方法做出一些推断的。
托福阅读16分到28分复习计划
DAY1:
(1)(60min) 模考TPO1——按照考场纪律，60分钟3篇文章严格模拟考试。测试你的分数水平。
(2)分数小于16分，请跳至全文第一句。
分数大于等于16分，跳至(3).
(3)(150min) 三步骤分解TPO1三篇阅读题：
1. 重读文章第1遍，重新将每一道题分析清楚——题干，错误选项，正确选项。归结已错题误原因，蒙对题潜在错误原因。
2. 重读文章第2遍，将每个句子分析清楚——句子主干，句子层次，句意。
3. 重读文章第3遍，总结背诵该篇文章所属学科的所有词汇以及文中不会的核心单词。
(4)(10min)计算DAY1任务所耗费时间长短，根据本攻略列出每日学习规划。
注：DAY2-DAY60每天(120min)总结新词汇前都要复习1~若干遍已总结过的学科单词以及核心单词.
DAY2 —DAY15 ：
1. (60min)分科目做TPO
2. (120min-90min不等)每一套题完全按照DAY1的三步骤分解进行全面彻底分析。
DAY16 —DAY51 ：
1. (60min)1天1套TPO阅读模考练习(每做完5套停一天，休整总结。)
2. (60min-20min不等)每套TPO模考之后按照三步骤分解进行全面彻底分析。
随着阅读的不断进步，若时间有限，其他科目需要更多倾斜，请最起码完成三步骤分解的第一、二步。
DAY52 —DAY60 ：
1. (5天)将所有错题过一遍，找出错误原因绝不再犯相同错误。
2. (5天)将剩下TPO阅读套题(预计5套)，与听力口语写作等一同模考完成。
3. 此时阅读问题已经不大，若时间有限，其他科目需要更多倾斜，请最起码完成三步骤分解的第一步。
注：请认真对待TPO每一套题(尽管它也bug百出)。在你有信心能充分利用好它(三步骤分解)之前，请慎重使用，以防“毁题不倦”!
注2：攻略中所标明的天数、每日做题数、以及会花费时间仅供参考。
托福阅读练习：手指感应
Whether you're a hunt-and-peck typist or a Rachmaninoff of the keyboard, you will make mistakes. But it's not just your eyes catching typos when you see them on the screen. Your hands know when you mess up too. That’s according to a study in the journal Science. [Gordon Logan and Matthew Crump, “Cognitive Illusions of Authorship Reveal Hierarchical Error Detection in Skilled Typists”]
Researchers recruited expert typists—college students, of course—and showed them 600 five-letter words, one at a time. And they asked the students to type those words as quickly and accurately as possible. But sometimes, the researchers inserted typos in the word as it appeared on screen, when the students hadn’t made one. Other times they automatically corrected typos the students did make.
And the students tended to believe the screen. So if a typo had been added, they figured they must have messed up. If a typo had been corrected they thought they typed it right. But the hands didn't fall for it. When the fingers slipped up, they paused a split second longer than usual before typing the next letter. But they didn't pause when fake typos appeared on-screen only. So we apparently have two discrete mechanisms guarding against typing errors, one visual, the other tactile. To fox quick brown fixes. To fix quick brown foxes.
托福阅读练习：把名字送上太空
NASA is on a mission: to make space travel more interactive.
NASA(美国国家航空航天管理局)最近正在执行一项任务：让太空旅行变得更加生动交互起来。
With its future unsure thanks to Discovery's final flight on Wednesday as well as growing interest in commercial space flight, NASA is trying to make space for the average citizen a bit more personal.
多亏了探索号于星期三执行的终结飞行以及人们越来越热衷于太空旅行， NASA正努力尝试着提供更多让普通百姓进入太空的机会。
While odds are you'll never be an astronaut or be able to pay the astronomical costs of private space flight, you'll at least be able to send your name rocketing into the ether.
尽管你可能没法成为航天员或有钱支付一次私人太空旅行的费用，但至少你可以把你的名字送上太空。
NASA recently announced that anyone can go online and input their name in a massive database, which will be placed onto a microchip that will be sent up with the Mars Curiosity Rover in 2011.
最近NASA宣布说，现在每个人都可以通过上网把他们的名字输入到一个巨大的数据库中，接着这些数据库会被存入到一个微芯片中，而这个存有你名字的芯片将于2011年通过“火星猎奇漫游号”送上火星。
You can even print out a certificate to show all your nerdy science friends. And while you're at it, NASA has set up a live webcam that provides video feed of NASA engineers building the next Rover, which will investigate whether the Red Planet has environments favorable for supporting microbial life.
你也可以将你参加这个活动所获得的证书展示给你的那些痴迷于科学方面的朋友们看。此外，NASA 还安设了一个摄像头，你只需上网就可以在线看到NASA 工程师建造下一个巡航器的实况。这个巡航器将用于探测火星上是否具备适合微生物生存的环境。
你是否也对太空旅行感兴趣呢?
Notes:
be on a mission: 执行任务
odds: n. 几率，悬殊
favorable: adj. 有利的
托福阅读练习：了解我们的头发
A human hair consists mainly of a protein called Keratin. It also contains some moisture and the trace metals and minerals found in the rest of the body.
人类的头发主要由一种叫角朊的蛋白质组成，并含有水分及在身体其他部分也可找到的微量金属和矿物质。
● The only living part of hair is underneath the scalp--when the hair had grown through the scalp it is dead tissue.
头发唯一有生命的部分是在头皮下面，当它长出头皮时便成为无生命组织。
● Hair’s natural shine is supplied by its own conditioner, sebum, an oil composed of waxes and fats and also containing a natural antiseptic that helps fight infection. Too much sebum results in greasy hair and conversely, too little sebum makes dry hair.
头发的自然光泽来自它自身的护发素：油脂，它含有蜡和脂肪，还含有抗感染的自然抗菌剂。油脂含量过多会导致油性发质，相反，油脂含量过少则会导致干性发质。
● Hair grows about 12 mm per month. If a person never has his hair cut, it would grow to a length of about 108 cm before falling out. Hair grows faster in the summer and during sleep. A single strand lives for up to seven years.
头发每个月可长12毫米，如果一个人从不剪发，头发会长至108厘米才开始脱落。在夏天和睡觉的时候头发生长得较快。一根头发的寿命可长达7年。
● Healthy hair is highly elastic and can stretch 20 or 30 per cent before snapping. A human hair is stronger than copper wire of the same thickness. A combined strength of a headful of human hair is capable of supporting a weight equivalent to that of 99 people.
健康的头发非常富有弹性，可拉长20%或30%而不断。一根头发比同等粗细的铜丝还要结实。满头头发合在一起的力量可经得起99个人的重量。
● Scandinavians normally have thin, straight, baby-fine hair, and mid Europeans hair that is neither too fine nor too coarse. People native to the Indian subcontinent have coarse textured tresses while Middle Eastern populations have strong hair. The hair of Chinese and Japanese people is very straight; that of Latin-speaking and North African peoples can be very frizzy and thick.
斯堪的纳维亚人的头发又细又直，像婴儿的头发一样;中部欧洲人的头发不细不粗;印度次大陆人的头发粗且打绺;中东人的头发都很结实;中国人和日本人的头发非常直顺;而拉丁语国家及北非地区的人头发卷曲而浓密。
Notes:
scalp [sk lp] n. 头皮;战利品
conditioner: 护发素
antiseptic [, nti'septik] adj. 防腐的，抗菌的;非常整洁的n. 防腐剂，抗菌剂
copper wire : 铜线
Scandinavian [,sk ndi'neivi n; -vj n] n. 斯堪的纳维亚人
coarse texture粗结构
★ 托福满分是多少分
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