下面是小编为大家整理的托福高分心得之阅读成绩如何快速提高（共含5篇），仅供参考，喜欢可以收藏与分享哟!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“汜木”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
托福高分心得：阅读成绩如何快速提高?
一. 阅读速度一定要提高
提高速度好像并没不是什么有用的技巧，但是其实却有极强的指导意义。不过这里必须强调的是，这里是在保证正确率的情况下提升我们的做题速度，而不是用所谓的关键词解题法，随便看几个关键词就做题了，这里面所要求的提高做题速度，是通过我们通过看美剧，通过翻译官方真题Official阅读文章等方法，强化我们对于英语本身语言组织能力，或者说理解能力。
二.大量练习，题海战术
还记得高中的题海战术吗?是的，题海战术对于托福阅读的提升是很有效的。只有到这个时候，官方真题Official题海战术对于我们来说才是有意义的，我们要通过海量的做题，提升我们的理解能力，检验我们的语法体系细节的问题，同时帮助我们掌握对于出题的固有思路的习惯。这是除summary与单词题之外的题型抢分的关键。
三.不该错的题保证不做错
阅读考试完以后，很多同学都会说，很多题会做的，做错了，但是已经考完试了，再说会做有什么用呢?避免不该错的题会让我们成绩得到明显提升。考试中一定要看准题目和选项，不要做错本来不该错的题，这个点的把握其实并不容易。阅读的速度很快，要再快速做题的过程中避免这类错误需要大家在平时的练习中多注意。
托福阅读中的隐藏陷阱，你被坑了吗
Paragraph4: As the demand for agricultural produce from both consumers and industry increased, agricultural land became more valuable and people tried to work the available land moreintensively and to reclaim more land from wetlands and lakes. In order to increase productionon existing land, the peasants made more use of crop rotation and, in particular, began toapply animal waste to the soil regularly, rather than leaving the fertilization process up to thegrazing livestock. For the first time industrial waste, such as ash from the soap-boilers, wascollected in the cities and sold in the country as artificial fertilizer. The increased yield andprice of land justified reclaiming and draining even more land.
段落四：随着消费者和工业对这种农产品的需求增加，耕地变得越来越珍贵，人们对可耕地的利用强度越来越大，并且从湿地和湖泊中开垦了更多的耕地。为了增加已有土地的产量，农民们利用谷物轮作，特别是用动物粪便来给土地定期施肥而不是随意让牧区的牲畜来进行施肥。城市首次收集工业废料, 比如煮皂的灰料和城市废料，并作为人工肥料售给乡下。产量的增加和土地价格的上涨使得开垦和灌溉更多的土地变得合理化。
7.Select the TWO answer choices that, according to paragraph 4, indicate two methodspeople used to increase the productivity of their land. To receive credit you must select TWO answers
A.They planted different crops in different sections of the farm each year.
B.They used improved irrigation methods to increase the yield of crops.
C.They increased the use of fertilizers to supply more nutrients to plants.
D.They used new horticultural practices to produce different varieties of plants in the samesection of the farm.
这道题目选AC。
首先C选项很容易从文中找到答案
C选项原文出处：
began toapply animal waste to the soil regularly, rather than leaving the fertilization process up to the grazing livestock.
C选项出处释义：
用动物粪便来给土地定期施肥而不是随意让牧区的牲畜来进行施肥。
但是A选项似乎就没那么简单被选出来了，因为它牵扯到了一个常识。
A选项原文出处：In order to increase productionon existing land, the peasants made more use of crop rotation
A选项出处释义：
为了增加已有土地的产量，农民们利用谷物轮种。
但是对应到A选项They planted different crops in different sections of the farm each year后，怎么感觉说的不是一回事儿呢。
好啦，那接下来我们给大家解释一个概念，就自然清楚了—谷物轮种(Crop rotation)。
介绍
在同一块田地上，有顺序地在季节间或年间轮换种植不同的作物或复种组合的一种.种植方式。轮作是用地养地相结合的一种生物学措施。中国早在西汉时就实行休闲轮作。北魏《齐民要术》中有“谷田必须岁易”、“麻欲得良田，不用故墟”、“凡谷田，绿豆、小豆底为上，麻、黍、故麻次之，芜菁、大豆为下”等记载，已指出了作物轮作的必要性，并记述了当时的轮作顺序。长期以来中国旱地多采用以禾谷类为主或禾谷类作物、经济作物与豆类作物的轮换，或与绿肥作物的轮换，有的水稻田实行与旱作物轮换种植的水旱轮作。
作用合理的轮作有很高的生态效益和经济效益：
防治病、虫、草害
作物的许多病害如烟草的黑胫病、蚕豆根腐病、甜菜褐斑病、西瓜蔓割病等都通过土壤侵染。如将感病的寄主作物与非寄主作物实行轮作，便可消灭或减少这种病菌在土壤中的数量，减轻病害。对为害作物根部的线虫，轮种不感虫的作物后，可使其在土壤中的虫卵减少，减轻危害。
合理的轮作也是综合防除杂草的重要途径，因不同作物栽培过程中所运用的不同农业措施，对田间杂草有不同的抑制和防除作用。如密植的谷类作物，封垄后对一些杂草有抑制作用;玉米、棉花等中耕作物，中耕时有灭草作用。一些伴生或寄生性杂草如小麦田间的燕麦草、豆科作物田间的菟丝子，轮作后由于失去了伴生作物或寄主，能被消灭或抑制为害。水旱轮作可在旱种的情况下抑制，并在淹水情况下使一些旱生型杂草丧失发芽能力。
均衡利用土壤养分
各种作物从土壤中吸收各种养分的数量和比例各不相同。如禾谷类作物对氮和硅的吸收量较多，而对钙的吸收量较少;豆科作物吸收大量的钙，而吸收硅的数量极少。因此两类作物轮换种植，可保证土壤养分的均衡利用，避免其片面消耗。
调节土壤肥力
谷类作物和多年生牧草有庞大根群，可疏松土壤、改善土壤结构;绿肥作物和油料作物，可直接增加土壤有机质来源。
另外，轮种根系伸长深度不同的作物，深根作物可以利用由浅根作物溶脱而向下层移动的养分，并把深层土壤的养分吸收转移上来，残留在根系密集的耕作层。同时轮作可借根瘤菌的固氮作用，补充土壤氮素，如花生和大豆每亩可固氮6～8千克，多年生豆科牧草固氮的数量更多。
水旱轮作还可改变土壤的生态环境，增加水田土壤的非毛管孔隙，提高氧化还原电位，有利土壤通气和有机质分解，消除土壤中的有毒物质，防止土壤次生潜育化过程，并可促进土壤有益微生物的繁殖。
相信到此为止，大家应该非常了解什么叫做谷物轮种了，因此这道题的A选项也就变得没有那么可怕了吧!
在考试时，像这样需要背景知识，却又在原文中没有铺垫背景知识的题目很少见，童鞋们不要害怕!只要耐心懂，认真看，即使碰到这样的题目猜一猜也是有很高几率做对的!
不识托福阅读真面目，只缘生在词山中
同学们也许经常会发现好不容易背会单词可是做题却没有做对，同学们也会察觉明明选项里有原文的同义表达自己却傻傻没有认出来，同学们还会被单词的近义词或是同词根的相近词的变形蒙在鼓里，这里提到的这些问题时常困扰着大家，那么今天我们就来揭开它的神秘面纱，让大家在题海里游刃有余。
先来举个简单的例子，在阅读篇章当中The guitar, which is also known as the poor man‘s piano, has been cherished by many cultures. 这个句子中选出与这个句子最符合的选项时，大家一定需要注意正确选项Various cultures have enjoyed the guitar.中的同义转换情况。我们一起来看一下究竟在哪里出现了同义情况：1.首先我们需要先提取句子主干，即：The guitarhas been cherished by many cultures. 2.其次我们来看选项中various这个词跟篇章中的many都有“多”的含义，cherish和enjoy都有珍惜享有之意，那么我们就需要格外关注这个选项。3.最后我们发现该选项就是原文的被动句转主动句的同义改写，那么毋庸置疑，答案都应该是那句话的选项。现在我们再来看一道托福题目，Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
于是我们定位到该题目的文章所在处However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. 1.首先我们要把逻辑理清楚，unlike A , it is not easy to do B,这样一来，不像A,做B是B不是简单的，那么，显而易见做A应该是简单的。2.其次我们看envision这个词，-vis-词根决定这个词有“看”的含义，en-前缀表明它的使动用法，因此在不认识这个词的时候我们可以大概猜测它是“使…看见”。3.那么我们可知，选项大致为“不容易看见它们的样子”。最后进行比对，这个It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.为正确选项。
因此我们在完成题目的时候一定得眼观四路，看清题目的真面目，此外，更重要的是，还需要学生完成题目后注重积累，特别是同义改写的各种情况以及做错的题目标记并积累，反复翻看。这样一来才能在阅读考试中过关斩将，笑傲托福。
知识点：
名词近义词
反对：objection/disapproval/opposition/protest
住房：apartment/accommodation
工作：labor/work/job/task
环境：circumstance/surroundings/environment/background/setting/context
困难：difficulty/obstacle/hardship/adversity/dilemma
角色：role/function/position/duty
结果：result/outcome/consequence/implication
计划：program/project/plan/intention
能力：ability/capability/power
不足之处：defect/drawback/downside/weakness
如何快速提高托福写作成绩?
一. 打好基本功
托福写作基本功的扎实与否，主要看两个方面：词汇和语法。词汇是整个托福考试的基础，也是写作练习的基础，没有足够的词汇储备是写不好作文的。托福写作中涉及的词汇不仅要了解释义，还要能够在写作中运用。很多同学在备考中有一个认知误区，以为只要是背会的单词就是已经掌握的词汇。其实，我们在背词汇的时候大部分情况只是记住了词汇的释义，并未掌握词汇用法。写作中常用的词汇不仅要了解释义，还要了解用法，会在写作中运用。接下来，我们来说说语法，托福写作中语法主要体现在两个地方，一个写作中语法知识应用，另一个是写完以后根据语法知识检查文章。这两部都是为了确保我们写出的文章的准确无误。备考时，只需要掌握基本语法知识即可。
二. 积累写作素材和模板
打好基本功以后，我们还有准备工作要做。接下来要开始为托福写作准备写作素材和模板。托福独立写作中要求大家举出具体例子论证观点，所以一定要为独立写作积累一些写作素材。托福独立写作有一些常考话题，大家可以针对这些话题积累写作素材。
综合写作不需要大家论述自己的观点，但是大家要根据阅读材料和听力材料总结归纳观点，需要大家具备很强的归纳总结能力。备考的过程中大家要针对各类话题总结自己的答题模板，以便于快速组织文章。
三. 限时练习，及时批改
有的同学在平时写作训练中不注意计时，结果考试的时候结尾还没写时间就到了。所以，大家做写作练习的时候要按照考试的时间来，写作速度不能太慢，写完以后还要给自己留下几分钟时间整体检查文章。另外，写作只练习是不够的，写完作文要找老师批改才有提升。因为自己的写的文章已经代表了自身的最高水平，检查也只能纠正一些语法句法错误。但是如果找老师批改的话，能给你一些更有用的建议，比如文章布局是否有问题，句式使用上是否要做提升，内容与主题是否契合等等。
托福考试作文独立写作范文：中学生应该在上大学前花时间工作旅行吗
Students should spend at least one year working or travelling before they go to the university.
【题目大意】： 中学生是否应该在上大学之前拿出至少一年去工作或旅行。主观点可以同意，因为一让学生放松，二可以让学生学到新的技能。
题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
Students should take at least a year to work or travel before beginning college.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: After high school, students should have at least one year to work or travel. It's better than attending university straight away.
范文参考一:
The prevailing notion is that high school students are under huge pressure. Then appears a controversy whether students should have one year to engage in other things before they attend their university. After weighing the pros and cons, I am favor of the opinion that having a gap year can produce many benefits.
First off, students can benefit a lot from traveling. As everyone knows, to maintain strong competitiveness, high school students are required to accomplish a wide range of either required or optional curriculums at school and the rights to develop their own interests have been deprived relentlessly, which has proven to be a detriment of their growth. Instead of pursuing their bachelor degree without pause in the college, traveling can help them regain chances to cultivate and perfect their personalities and release pressure. For instance, many more college graduates are reported to be indifferent to the society and show no mercy on those in need, part of which owes a lot to the fact that schools lay more emphasis on cultivating students’ academic abilities and downplay the importance of developing their overall qualities. Traveling to those places in poverty can give students a sight of those impoverished families to call on the sense of responsibility. Besides, by paying a visit to some places of interest like the Great Wall or the pyramid in Egypt, students can approach the greatness of diverse culture. What’s more, the direct access to the natural world can appease students’ inner uproar. Accordingly, a gap year can be a great asset for high school graduates.
Secondly, by taking part-time jobs, not only can students accumulate sufficient social experience but also earn some money to reduce financial stress on their families. Though economy in China keeps growing at a rate of almost 9 percent in the recent, average citizens still suffer huge pressure especially when the slump of stock market took a heavy toll on them and the majority of stock investors withdrew their money and reinvest to the real estate, further increasing pressure on the ordinary because of the increasing prices of housing. For most families from small cities and rural areas, college tuition still appears to be a great burden on them and by taking part-time jobs, students can earn some wages to relieve financial pressure, such as serving as a restaurant attendant that enables students to better develop their communication techniques and learn more about how to meet the demands of consumers or working as a salesman that will be an entirely different experience from high schools and can lead to the cultivation of the ability of presenting customers the advantages of products. Obviously, a gap year means a lot to high school graduates.
Admittedly, there is another voice that high school students are supposed to start their campus life immediately after graduation from high schools. To be more specific, maintaining high-efficiency study can lead students to be better acclimated to their college life. Instead of going to college soon, a gap year may disrupt their study schedule and weaken their learning skills. It appears to be sensible, however; the ultimate goal of attending a university is to seek a decent job and gaining social experience in advance makes students more conscious of which kind of area they are more interested in in the near future such as the serving industry or high-tech fields.
In conclusion, high school graduates had better live a different life temporarily before they go to college.
写作参考二:
Gap year, a break between high school and college, has become a trend among many American and European students theses years. As the popularity of gap year has grown, so to has its appeal. Generally, it can be constructed (working in a company, taking time off to improve coding skills, learning a language, working on personal projects) or unconstructed (travelling, figuring out what to do as it comes). The idea of gap year has been strongly questioned by some nervous parents, however, some supporters contend that it will be a lifelong treasure which enables one to have the full command of his life. From my perspective, taking a year to work or travel before college brings about more advantages than shortcomings.
To begin with, a gap year helps guide students’ future education and life goals. Most of young students do not know exactly what they wanted to do once they left high school or even half way through college. Working or travelling a year will give them some “real world experience” as well as insight into their interests and strengths which will help them shape a path to a successful career. Once students learn a whole lot about themselves, they are likely to take full advantage of college. Take an Australian boy for an example. Enjoying his gap year in Nepal, he helps the locals in Pokhara to build their organic farms. He is so passionate about what he is doing now and he decided to pursue environmental science after he comes back to university. The internships and professional experience gained over the gap year will have much more influence on the development of one’s future than college.
In addition, taking a year off can refresh the tired-out high school graduates. In general, it will take at least ten years before jumping into the long and challenging years of university. There is no doubt that studious students will spare no effort to improve their academic performance with the expectation that they will receive offers from their dream schools. Under the competitive pressure of high school, they will not only prepare for exams such as SAT or ACT but also seek for voluntary opportunities to enrich their Curriculum Vitae. My younger sister used to travel to Cuba to volunteer with brown bears for three months. After that she went to Europe driving her Vespa across more than 20 cities. She said it was so different from school. She won’t have to attend a test at then end of the trimester, which means that there is no peer pressure or any pressure from outside. At the same time she can reorganize her mind which was full of chemical equations, historical events as well as verses from poems.
It is true that students who choose to drop a year are more likely to lose their study skills. During the gap year, there will be less chances for them to participate in actual classes in college. Without attending lectures given by famous professor and communicating face-to-face with classmates, the whole learning process will be incomplete. Many of study skills could not be developed and trained, which leads directly to the deprivation of both academic ability and motivation. However, it won’t be a potential problem nowadays because most of top universities offer MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses). Students can study random topics through free online classes. Although they don’t have any college credit, they learned a lot, met wonderful people, and keep their brains in shape for college.
Ultimately, the benefits of gap year far outweigh the only drawback because it can help exhausted students relax both mentally and physically and provide them with the opportunities to take a step back to focus on their goals, leading to a stronger sense of direction once they’re back in the classroom.!
写作参考三:
Under the educational system of many western countries, taking a gap year, a period of time when students can take a break from formal education, has become quite common. When it comes to the pros and cons of spending at least one year working or travelling before attending university, people’ preference may vary from one to another. As for me, it is advisable for high schoolers to have a year off to work or travel, in order to relax themselves and gain new skills.
In the first place, spending a year travelling will provide high school students a good chance to escape the daily grind. As is common sense, the life of high schooler are filled with countless assignments, various quiz and exams, which nearly drive them to be stressed out. Obviously, what they need most is the vent for releasing all the tensions and pressures accuring in the rapid rhythm campus life. Consequently, taking a break from educaion and going away for while can fulfill this function well. During the gap year, students can surf in Hawaii, wake boarding in Italy, go bungee jumping in New Zealand and enjoy the sunbath on the seashore of Miami. Such a short escape from the daily bustle and hustle will be conducive to their mental and physical wellbeing. Not only this, but travelling during a gap year can provide a renewed vigor for stuy and a more focused approach to learning.
In the second place, taking a year off to do some internship can help high school students acquire more new pratical skills and thus adapt to the university life more smoothly. Many gap year students choose to do voluntary work. This could include teaching in the mountains in Nepal, a conservation project in Madagascar, an expedition in Costa Rica or an internship in Japan. All these experiences of taking voluntary jobs during a gap year will provide you with much more than any classroom setting ever can. We can learn a lot in the classroom, but it isn't until we put it into practice in the real world that we really understand what's going on. To be specific, throughout school we are surrounded by the same folks at similar ages. However, while working in a company, we are bound to discover others, make new friends, and interact with people from all walks of life, which will defnitely hone our social skills. It is undoubted that people with strong interpersonal competence can enjoy great popularity among classmates and teachers.
In a nutshell, it is a wise move to spend at least one year travelling or working for the sake of taking a break from daily routine and acquire new skills.
托福考试作文独立写作范文：学校社团组织活动建议
The club of your school plan to help one of the following group of people, 1.teach pupils reading and math
2. build houses for those who cannot afford the house
3.take care of the old
题目大意：学校社团想要组织一下三个活动，教小学生阅读数学，为无家可归者建房子，照顾老人。建议选择照顾老人，因为可以培养孩子社会责任感和耐心，还可以帮助老人排遣孤独。
Agree or disagree: the university club wants to help others, if you are a member of them, which following would you prefer to choose? help young students in nearby primary school, help people to find new houses for rent; help old people for caring them in daily life.
范文参考一:
Life is loaded with various difficulties and hardship, especially for old people who are incapable of taking good care of themselves because of their poor physical quality. Therefore, among the three choices of helping young students in nearby primary school, helping people to find new houses for rent and assisting old people for caring them, I definitely choose the last one.
For one thing, because of being committed to their career, the middle-age can hardly take good care of their parents. To address a sequence of job assignments, city employees, the majority of whom have turned to the middle age, are required to be immersed in their career. Take ordinary citizens as examples. When it comes to businessmen, dealing with the complicated relationship with their counterparts or consumers will lead them to be shortage of time to accompany their families, given that all their time and energy are occupied. Speaking of policemen, to maintain stable social order and crack down on any happening or underlying crimes, they are supposed to be on duty at any time, making it impossible for them to care their families. And it is also an episode likely to be applied in the movie by the film maker that policemen are woking on the investigation and cannot keep promises they make for their families , impressing audiences again and again. As for the career of teachers, what they normally do is either to prepare for their presentations or remedy their students’ assignments. Apparently, the contemporary middle-age citizens cannot take good care of their parents and college students had better provide their help.
For another thing, the process of helping the old can cultivate college students’ sense of responsibility that matters in their future life and profession. Many more universities will, literally, decide whether to admit students by checking if there is any volunteering experience like taking care of the old in a nursing home in their application materials. In an era of both highly developed economy and technology, it tends to be easier for children to develop the unwanted behaviors and unhealthy values and world outlook. Nowadays, people can often hear the News about college students failing to graduate from schools because of their addiction to video games and many overseas students catching the affluenza which refers to wealthy people who like to show their richness by purchasing many unnecessary luxuries. Therefore, many young people’s ideology has been distorted seriously and it is urgent to call on their sense of responsibility. And taking good care of the old can teach them a lot. For instance, they will be conscious of the fact that there is still a vulnerable group that needs to be assisted and their contribution to the society can drive away the solitude of the old. Thus, they will increase their confidence in undertaking more social responsibilities.
Admittedly, some others may lay emphasis on the importance of helping the young since they are the future of a nation. From what I believe, it is hype since the education of young children does not count on the help from college students. As for the statement that college students should help others rent a house, that is ridiculous since there have been a wide range of choices for tenants among diverse Apps via the Internet. To conclude, helping the old can be of enormous benefits for both the old and the young.
写作参考二:
With the improvement of educational system, various student associations and clubs, which are meant to equip their members with practical skills, have become a great part of the campus life. Therefore, when it comes to which kinds of activities these clubs should organize, teaching pupils maths, building houses for the homeless, or helping the old, people may tend to hold different notions. As for me, attending to the senior would be the best choice, for the following reasons.
First of all, looking after old people can help students to cultivate a sense of social responsibility and patience. As we know, one defining character of young adults is that they are generally too immature to understand what social responsibility is. It is not uncommon to observe that some teenagers are inclined to destroy the public properties on purpose, or even worse, they may tease or make jokes at the older people without any respect, all of which are irresponsible behaviours. Such conducts can be corrected once the sense of duty takes root in their mind by helping the old. Obviously, in the course of taking care of old people, students will be informed of the contribution made by the old generation to the development of the whole society, thus realizing their social obligation. Plus, the trivial things such as making meals, cleaning the room and so on are involved in the process of helping the old, which cannot be done without patience.
In the second place, accompanying the old can help them to kill the boring time and relieve their loneliness. With the aging of population becoming more serious, the number of old people has been increasing in an appalling rate. Meanwhile, the facilities and places serving as entertainment for the old is deficient now. As a result, the senior now are leading a quite lonely and monotonous life so that company from others are in desperate need for them. Recently, according to a report published by China Daily, some old people were found dying after they have passed away for a dozen of days, which can clearly reflect the acutal situation of the grey. Thus, company from students can make old people keep a good mood and live a more cheerful life.
Adimttedly, some opponents may argue that tutoring the primary students can improve the academic performance of pupils and building house for the homeless can provide them a shelter. However, this not the case in reality. As for tutoring, students are not professional enough to impart knowledge to little kids efficiently so that this practice may waste time of both sides. As for building house, there are some potential safety hazzards which may make students get hurt. Therefore, I am still convinced that helping the old is the most appropriate choice for students club.
写作参考三:
Student clubs, from the first day they came into being, have been encouraged and supported by universities throughout the world. With the aim of enriching the social, practical and academic experiences, they have also gained popularity among both parents and students. Usually, the club activities should be feasible and beneficial to students in one way or another. Therefore, compared with tutoring primary school students and dealing with daily tasks for the old, I think building houses is a project that will yield tangible results.
First, by designing and constructing a building, the students themselves will learn to transfer their academic knowledge to practice. It has been widely acknowledged that the purpose of education is to cultivate talents for society, the ones who are able to contribute to our better quality of life. University students have spent at least twelve years accumulating knowledge, and it’s time for them to show the society what they have mastered. Building a house requires knowledge of various aspects, from architectural design to construction engineering, from interior design to the arrangement of the entire landscape, all of which can only be accomplished with the joint effort by students of different majors. During the whole process, the club members will not only polish their professional skills, but also learn how to cooperate with others in a team. In this regard, assisting the old in their daily chores seems a little trivial and time-consuming, since nothing except a slight sense of achievement will be gained from this project.
Second, offering instructions in reading and mathematics to those younger school age children is by no means an easy job for university students. Do not assume that those future social elites are capable of teaching kids. As we know, children usually lack the ability of self-control and they need to be inspired, which means strict rules and proper methods are indispensable in carrying out efficient tutoring. Primary teachers, although not so adept at academic theories, are definitely experienced in stimulating children’s interest and steering their thinking. Anyone without the training had better not to make an attempt, since if they accidentally distinguish the children’s passion in learning, the result could be irreversible. However, there is no doubt that university students have the ability to build a sound and comfortable house for the ones in need. Therefore, they should do what they are good at.
To sum up, since club activities should aim at improving students’ ability instead of causing troubles, it is better for students to design and construct a building for the underprivileged.
托福写作
如果你的托福在阅读这一板块难以提高，请看这篇文章，教你如何快速攻克它。
如何在一个月内攻克托福阅读
提高篇：精读与模考——TPO才是王道
当备考进入最后一个月的时候，模考和错题分析已经是备考中最重要的环节了。TPO的模考和练习要跟背单词和练习长难句同步进行。对于基础比较好，已经能考到25分左右的同学，决定你能不能达到28分甚至满分的，主要是看下面的方法你能不能实践下来。
新东方在线牟老师在这里啰嗦一句关于备考资料的问题。在备考阅读单科时，所有练习和模考的题目，一定是出自ETS的托福阅读真题。不需要任何其他机构的模拟题，如巴郎、delta等。对于基础不太好，完成TPO的题目难度太大的同学，可以使用老托福阅读题目来作为基础练习。
一、利用TPO提高阅读分数的五大步骤
我相信TPO和机经是每个托福备考学生必备的复习资料，很多学生认为把TPO多做几遍，考托福就没问题了。我必须承认做机经确实能让你的托福阅读上20分，但是要想取得25分以上的成绩就有点困难了。而且单纯做题并不能真正提高你的英语能力。对此，牟老师总结了利用TPO提高自己阅读、快速提分的五大步骤。
1、进行模拟测试
要求自己在20分钟之内完成一篇文章。期间排除环境干扰，不能查单词，甚至不能上厕所。一切都模拟真实考试环境，目的是为了让我们在考试前对真实考试的压力和精力需求有直接的体验。
2、标注错题
问问自己错误选项为什么错，正确选项为什么对。如果做题时不能确定选项，就算做错。在这个环节要注意分析自己喜欢错哪个类型的题目，并进行总结。同时，把错题和错题所对应的段落复制到错题文档中。
3、查阅单词、词组，分析文章
这是真正能够提高阅读能力的环节。回到原文之中，逐句逐词读文章，遇到每一个自己不认识的单词都查一下，并且结合文章内容，把它背诵下来。每个意思不确定的词组，也要通过一切手段搞懂。在单词和词组的基础之上，搞懂文章每一句话的意思、每个段落的内部逻辑、段落之间的关系和文章的构成。托福作为一个标准化的考试，它的考点以及文章构造的方式总是固定的。而逻辑的展开方式，无非也就是因果、并列、递进、转折、让步那么几种。我们需要做的无非是多遍熟悉文章的写作和构建方式，之后在考试中，看到一个段落能够对段落的构建方式有准确的预判和把握。这是提高对 篇章把握能力的有效方法。
4、对照译文重新阅读
这个步骤无非是一边读英文，一边核对中文，看看自己对于每一句话的理解是否得当。因为我们保不准会出现这样的情况：一开始以为自己读懂了，其实却是一个错误的理解。这种情况比完全没读懂还要可怕，因为它把问题隐藏了。
5、每天复习已经读过的文章和已经做过的错题
复习与巩固已经做错的题目，才能带来进步。很多同学喜欢做题，觉得做题很有成就感。但是如果没有对做过的题目的分析和对文章细致的理解，那做题的收效甚微。一般情况下，分析一篇文章所花的时间可能是做一篇文章的几倍。通过细致分析词汇、句子，了解阅读文章的结构特点和出题点是提高阅读速度、积累词汇、提高正确率的最有效手段。
二、两个能帮助我们快速提分的小tricks
1、词汇基础差，不怕!搞定词汇题助你短期内快速提分
对于词汇基础不好，曾经考过托福或者在练习中发现词汇题频频出错的同学，恭喜你们!虽然你们基础不好，但是你们将是短期内提分最快的一群考生。在一次考试中，直接考词汇的题目(词汇题)会考到6-8道。如果能够把词汇题都做对，已经能保证分数提高。网上很容易找到托福词汇题，包括老托所有的词汇题(约440题)和TPO中出现的所有词汇题。
2、不要只读题目，也不要逐字逐句读文章，明晰文章大意是关键
在考试做题的顺序上，有些同学喜欢先看题目，然后根据题目一段段地读文章获取答案;有的同学喜欢先浏览文章然后再做题。对于第一种做题习惯的同学，每篇文章的最后一道题目主旨大意题将会是你们的“硬骨头”。对此，致赢托福牟老师强烈建议，这些同学在做题前，先花上2-3分钟时间去读一下文章每一段的首句和尾句，获得每个段落的大致意思。同时在做题时增加对段落中细节的理解。这样对于你们快速做对主旨大意题有极大的好处。
对第二种做题方式的同学，注意控制做题时间。在最初读文章的时候，切不可拘泥于段落中的细节，如举例、对比等。这将会消耗宝贵的时间。只需要大致把握每个段落的意思，看清楚举例等细节的关键词就好。如果在事实信息题等题目中考到了相关的题目再进行定位和文本核对。
三、如何规划最后一个月的托福备考冲刺
如果你还有一个月就要考试了，希望你在词汇和难句阅读上已经有了比较好的积累。如果基础不错，你只需要认认真真地做上10到15套的TPO，按照以上所说的方法，认真分析文章，做好错题分析和总结。高分甚至满分对你来说并无压力。但是如果你的基础并没有那么好，那么你就必须把握住最后的时间。找来词汇书每天背单词，同时每天做TPO的阅读模考练习，仔细分析错题和文章，不要跳过文本中任何一个生词和任何一个一遍看不懂的句子。它们都是你快速提高的素材。
对于所有的考生来说，考前一个星期左右，一定要利用TPO30-35套的题目做模考训练。阅读三篇文章，分别计时20分钟完成，总时间不超过一个小时。对完答案后，同样要进行文章分析。这是你熟悉考试强度，避免考试造成的慌乱或者紧张的最好方法。
托福考试阅读技巧：如何快速高效的阅读
托福考试阅读技巧一:抓关键词，准确定位
考生在做题过程中，要熟练掌握根据关键词进行定位的技巧。这一技巧可以帮助大家加快解题速度，提高正确率。因为大部分托福阅读题目考查的是考生对文章细节的理解，答案基本上都能在文章中找到。拿到一个题目，我们先找题干中可以用来定位的关键词，比如专有名词、数字、符号等，然后根据关键词回到原文进行定位。有时候文章中不一定会出现和关键词一模一样的词，但很可能是关键词的同义替换词。
托福考试阅读技巧二:善于使用排除法
托福阅读中有些题目枝干信息太多，但都是干扰项，如果逐字阅读的话会很浪费时间。正确的做法应该是从选项中挖掘一下方向，如果有几项答案自相矛盾或者意思明显相反，就可以直接排除，然后再对模糊选项进行确认，这时候再回到正文中细读相关信息就会很省力。一般情况下，排除法是比较容易培养的套路，考生要善于使用这一技巧提高答题速度。
托福考试阅读技巧三:掌握句子顺序上的变化
问句中所含信息与文章中相应句子中的信息在顺序上有时可能出现不同，甚至前后完全倒置。这种情况可能会导致迷失答题的方向。还应注意到文章中有关问句的信息并非全都能在每个句子中找到，甚至在关键词及短语之间存在一些不相关的信息，这些都会是寻找答案过程中的困难。
托福考试阅读技巧四:查找同义词、近义词、相关词
在托福阅读考试中，能否准确找出正确答案很大程度上取决于能否辩认出同义词、近义词、相关词及不同形式的短语。 1.词形完全相同; 2.词义相同，即同义词 ;3.词义相近，但并非同义 ;4.词义相关。上述四种词汇/短语表达方式中，种当然容易辩认，第二种同义词也相 对不难，但第三种与第四种形式则不易辩认，所以要在阅读过程中多加比较练习。如能攻破这一关，则一定能够取得好的考试成绩。
托福考试阅读技巧五:猜读词义
托福阅读考试没有必要去读懂每一个词。如所遇到的词对理解全文及答题不构成任何困难，则不必理会它的词义，但所碰到的词使你在理解全文，甚至回答问题时出现困难，则要设法去猜测其词义。 猜测词义要从两方面着手：
1.根据其所在句子的上下文，及前后的词语，探其究竟。
2.如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，你可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的还是否定的，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了。
托福考试阅读技巧六:长句短读
长句短读：即指将一个长句子(有时不止一个句子，还包括从句)读成一个相对短的句子，以对长句子内容作一总结式归纳，找出其所陈述的要点。这种能力的培养对托福阅读考试的帮助极大，考生应在平时勤加练习。
如何才能使托福阅读备考高效有意义?
TPO是很显然以后不会再在托福阅读考试之中重新出现的题，因此做这些题的价值不在于你做了多少，而在于怎么利用这些题目。如果想很好的利用这些题目的话，最好的做题流程是：
1 前5套不计时做题，后面题都要严格按照20分钟一篇文章的限制来做题。
2 做题过程中不查词典。
3 做题后对照正确答案检查自己的答案。
4 检查自己错的题为什么错。不外乎如下几个原因：1)单词不认识或者认错了。 2) 语法点不懂。 3) 理解错了做完之后要有针对性的，把这些问题解决掉。
单词要背，语法点要去找单词书研究透。理解错的要比较后面给出的中文翻译，去思考自己哪个知识点学得不够扎实，因此弄错了，要把这个知识点解决掉。
5 正确的题也要去理顺一下这些题的做题思路，方便以后快速的做题。
6 每做完4套题，就要把所有错的题横向比较一下，这是你马上就会发现某些题型经常错，这个时候只有把这个题型好好研究一下，以后做题才回来感。
7 如果每篇文章错的题的数目超过6个，则强烈建议多练习一下文章翻译，同时要比照后面给出的中文翻译来进行对照，分析自己哪里翻译错了，以及为什么翻译错了。
托福阅读如何做到快速定位?
很多做过托福阅读的考生都有过一种郁闷的感受，那便是看了很久的托福阅读文章，掌握了很多看似有用的信息，结果一做题发现白看了半天，有用信息不多。托福阅读试题题量较大，并且无用信息占绝大多数，我们怎么能一步到位定位到关键有用的信息上呢?专家给出了一些见解。
首先，跟托福阅读试题有关的关键词往往不是一个词在战斗，这也就是为什么要说找关键词和他的小伙伴们。而很多学生会在这个时候倔强地非要找到一个单词来定位，往往是白费功夫。
那到底什么是关键词?我们先来看一类托福阅读考试中所占比重很大的题型——细节题。细节题的出题方式，OG所给的官方解释中有以下几种：
According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X?
The author’s description of Xmentions which of the following?
According to the paragraph, Xoccured because…
According to the paragraph, Xdid Ybecause…
According to the paragraph, why did X do Y?
当我们将这些可能的托福阅读文章中的出题方式纵向对比去看，共同点不难发现，那就是所有的题干当中都有一个X。而这个X就是我们题干当中的主要信息点，也就是我们应该用来定位的关键词。
当然，有时候我们并不需要用整个X来定位，X当中某些部分，例如专有名词，时间地点，等等，可以帮助我们快速准确地定位回原文。
除了用题干的信息定位，考生还常常会碰到用选项定位的情况。选项定位和题干定位大体的原则是一样的，但选项定位有这样一个特殊的地方——我们可以用“绝对性”单词去定位。什么叫做绝对性单词?顾名思义就是那些表达意义较为绝对的单词，常见的有best, only等等。这种定位方式仅适用于选项定位，因为选项通常较短，信息较单一，便于排除。
做托福阅读试题的时候切忌一点一点研究文中所有词的意思，一定要懂得抓住关键，托福阅读文章的关键词定位是做好托福阅读的重中之重。在平时的阅读练习中一定要多多总结自己学到的方法来解决问题，一味的白用功是不会对提高成绩有所帮助的。
作者 | 纸盆
1、单词
最好的方法就是背单词，那么要怎么背诵单词才能深入脑海又高效率呢?背单词最笨的方法就是背词典了，主要是效率低还容易忘记。有一个比较好的方法就是单词反查发，我们可以通过阅读英语文章，找出里面不会的单词，记录下来然后通过差词典来背诵，这样效果会好很多。
2、听力
做体力的时候要边听边读边记，在播放的时候你小声的跟着读会加深你的印象，而且跟读比较关键的词句就行了，还有就是听到一些比较关键的句子时就要好好的记下来，这样可以避免听后忘记了。
3、写作
写作我们要收集一些满分的模板，然后背诵下来，理解好里面每句话的意思，等到写作文的时候就要套进去，但是我们按照模板写作文后还是要修改的，毕竟不是所有的模板都适合考试，要思考那些可以用那些不能用，这样才能让作文得到提高。
如何有效的提高托福阅读成绩
在考托福阅读的时候先读完全文再做题?这是没有必要的;那么是不读文章直接看题目，然后回到原文当中来寻找对应点么?其实也不对。因为很多人对于原文的理解达不到考试的要求。
对于托福口语和托福写作两项表现不佳的国内学生来说，托福的阅读和听力如果不拿到27分以上话，想拿到托福100分是真的很有难度的。
在考托福阅读的时候先读完全文再做题?这是没有必要的;那么是不读文章，直接看题目，然后回到原文当中来寻找对应点么?其实这样也不对。因为很多人对于原文的理解达不到考试的要求。对于托福阅读来说，最好的方式，就是读一段做几个题，然后发现涉及到第二段的内容的时候，再开始读第二段，当读完第二段的时候，再回头来做几个题，而且做每道题的时候，都一定要回到原文当中，来对照原文才能进行选择，而不是根据记忆来进行选择。
不过这并不意味着，我们不需要很仔细的理解原文。恰恰相反，托福阅读的重中之重，就是对于原文的理解，不过很可惜的是，很多托福考友，要么沉浸于大量做题无法自拔，要么沉迷于技巧，希望技巧解决一切。事实上，单词量是阅读的基础，在达到足够词汇量的前提后，通过对照翻译的练习，对正文进行深层次的细致理解，明确文章背后隐藏的实际含义，同时通过加大习题量提升自己的做题及阅读速度，三管齐下，方能切实地提高阅读成绩
那么单词可以解决一切么?应该也不会，但是但此时解决一切的开始。当我们把单词这一关过了之后，就可以进入今天所想讨论的范围了，就是细致性的理解。
当我们说到理解的时候，很多考友总是在说，我理解了，但是就是做不对题。简单来说，这是不可能的事情，因为托福考试考的就是你的理解，如果你理解了，但是做不对题，那么只有2种可能，1 你单纯的是因为做题少，不理解托福考试的思路，但是者最多也就是能让你1篇文章错2-3道出了单词题之外的其他题目，而且其他2篇文章最多错1道题。如果多于此的话，那就很有可能是第2种可能，也就是并没有真正的理解。当然，还有第3种可能，也就是查单词之前，没理解，查单词之后才理解了。
其实简单来说，如果做了5套TPO阅读之后，仍然不能让自己稳定在27分以上的话，那么其实就是在理解上有问题了。那么，理解，到底要理解到什么层面呢?今天 稍微翻译一段，你体会一下。
原文：A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in or on another species. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community; that is, all the populations of organisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area.
文学化翻译版：共生是物种之间的一种交互作用，其中一个物种必须依赖另外一个物种以生存。共生关系共有三种类型：寄生、共栖和互惠共生。其中第一种和第三种是一个生物群落构成的关键要素。所谓生物群落，指的是在某个特定区域内，所有生物体共同生存并且相互影响。
细致理解版(括号内为讲解)：共生关系其实是2种，或者2种以上的物种的一种互相作用(也就是2个，或者多个生物需要基情的生活在一起)，在这样一种共生关系之中，其中的一种生物必须住在另外一种生物的体内或者体表。主要有3种共生关系：大P，大C，和大M( 也不懂他们之间的差别是什么-_-~~~~)。第一个(大P)和第三个(大M)是这样一种生物学群体结构之中的最关键的(也就是大P和大M是生物群体之中最为常见的，这也就是说大C出现的是最少的，最不着老爷和太太待见的);这也就是说，所有生物体都住在一起，而且很有可能在一个特定的区域生活在一起(哦!原来这句话是在解释biological community生物群落，到底是什么意思的)。
到细致理解版这个层面，这个理解才算是到位的，才是可以做对题目的，前面的文学化翻译版翻译的都对，但是你总是隐隐约约的感觉缺少一点什么。而我们如果想在阅读里面取得高分的话，就一定要达到细致理解版这个层面才行。单词不认识怎么破?继续背单词!阅读速度慢怎么破?做题多了之后，速度自然就快了。时间来不及了怎么破?
想要取得托福阅读高分必备的三种能力
想在托福阅读中取得好的成绩，多阅读背景知识文章，可以了解背景知识，可借此机会熟悉学科常用词汇。
想要取得托福阅读的高分总的来讲需要这三种能力：信息定位能力、速读理解能力、研读整理能力。在平时要多注意阅读自然科学、人文科学、艺术、商务等学科的文章，练习锻炼这三种能力。
想在托福阅读中取得好的成绩，那么你要了解托福阅读考试机制。在托福阅读中，一般选材会涉及自然科学(天文、地质、生物学等)、人文和社会科学(文学、历史、人类学、社会学等)以及艺术和商务等学科领域。多阅读这些文章，一方面可以了解相关的常识和背景知识，同时可借此机会熟悉不同学科的常用词汇。
一、信息定位能力
练习快速扫描，在文章或段落中定位并查找重要的事实和信息，包括主题信息、概念名称、日期、地点和数字等。经常反复地练习，可以提高阅读的速度和流利程度。
二、速读理解能力
[1] 在掌握语法知识(如：语句结构、代词等)以后，应采用各种手段，努力扩大词汇量，扫除阅读中存在的生字障碍。
[2] 练习速读，训练通过快速浏览而非逐句细读发现文章主旨的能力。托福阅读考试的选材，从文体角度看，大多是说明体和议论体的正式书面语文章。其语篇模式一般为导言、主题、支撑、结论四部分，并且每一段落的开头常可发现主题句。
根据英语语篇的上述特点，阅读时注意文章的首尾段落以及每一段落的开始一、二句话，常有助于迅速发现所读内容的主旨。同时，注意语篇中一些具有语义提示作用的信息词和短语(见漫谈六)，对于重要信息的快速查找和定位也是有帮助的。
[3] 还可以根据托福考试的题型有针对性地进行一些练习，包括就文章中出现的代词(he， they， that， these， it， one， others等)，找出它们所指代的名词;根据文章提供的信息，练习推理、预测和归纳结论的能力;选择阅读中遇到的生字，根据前后语句所提供的上下文线索猜测字义，例如：
Everyone faces times when one goal or another has to come first; deciding which goals are most important is setting priorities.(根据语句结构，划线单字的意义由is提示是指the most important goals)
A skyscraper， or building more than twenty stories high， is built on a foundation of concrete supported by piles driven into the ground.(句中or在这里表示“或者说”，提示划线单字的意义为building more than twenty stories high)
Unlike her gregarious sister， Jane is a shy， unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends. (从Unlike所表示的对照关系，可以确定划线单字的意义正是shy， unsociable的反面，即sociable， friendly)
In spite of the fact that the beautiful egret is in danger of dying out completely， many clothing manufacturers still offer handsome prices for their long， elegant tail feathers， which are used as decorations on ladies’ hats.(从全句的意思，特别是描述其特征的feathers等词，可判断划线单字是指a type of bird)
三、研读整理能力
[1] 训练阅读除需要培养理解文章含义和增强查找信息的能力外，还应适当注意所读材料的组织结构及写作手法，例如：该文章的组织方式可能是比较对照、分类、因果等，某个例子在阐述过程中有何作用。这有助于理解把握文章内涵和归纳概括内容提要。
[2] 练习概括提要，区分主要与次要内容。对于描述过程的文章，可练习按顺序总结步骤，写出提要。若文章涉及信息分类，可尝试制作图表并将相关内容分类排列。虽然新托福考试并不要求自己设计分类图表，但这项练习有助于加强信息整理的意识，可以帮助考生更快适应此类题型。见下例：
Scholars’ opinion about why L. cave dwellers hid their art(学者关于L.洞居民为何藏匿其艺术发表的观点) Reasons to substantiate this opinion (证实此观点的理由) Reasons to disprove this opinion
(反证此观点的理由)
[3] 根据提要或图表对阅读内容进行口头或书面的总结概述，以配合口语和写作部分综合型考题的需要。
[4] 选取句子或段落练习释义解述(paraphrase)。一方面，阅读测试包含考查对解述语句的辨识能力;此外，在口语和写作部分的综合型考题中也需要运用此项技能。
托福阅读真题练习1
The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.
In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.
This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway.
When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms.
Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.
(B) The evolution of cities in North America
(C) Trade between North American and European cities
(D) The effects of the United Sates' independence on urban growth in New England.
2. The word they in line 4 refers to
(A) North American colonies
(B) cities
(C) centuries
(D) town economies
3. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the
following?
(A) Their economic success
(B) The type of merchandise they exported
(C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements
(D) The pace of their development
4. The word accordingly in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) as usual
(B) in contrast
(C) to some degree
(D) for that reason
5. According to the passage , early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of
North America due to
(A) an abundance of natural resources
(B) financial support from colonial governments
(C) proximity to parts of Europe
(D) a favorable climate
6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of
the following for shipment to Europe?
(A) Manufacturing equipment
(B) Capital goods
(C) Consumer goods
(D) Raw materials
7. According to the passage , all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the
growth of southern cities EXCEPT the
(A) location of the plantations
(B) access of plantation owners to shipping
(C) relationships between plantation residents and city residents
(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantations
8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern
cities were
(A) more prosperous
(B) smaller
(C) less economically self-sufficient
(D) tied less closely to England than to France
9. The word recorded in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) imagined
(B) discovered
(C) documented
(D) planned
10. The word drawing in line 28 is closest in meaning to
(A) attracting
(B) employing
(C) instructing
(D) representing
11. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a time of
(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth
(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade
(C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms
(D) increased migration from northern states to southern states
答案：BBDDC DCBCA C
托福阅读真题练习2
PASSAGE 20
(25)
In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.
Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these rested the ends of a lug pole from which pots were suspended when cooking. Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When iron became easier to obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from.
Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke. Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were built with the opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of oven wood, consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were extremely hot. The embers were later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked.
Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron bake kettle, which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its lid.
1. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passage
mainly discuss?
(A) methods of baking bread
(B) fireplace cooking
(C) the use of iron kettles in a typical kitchen
(D) the types of wood used in preparing meals
2. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate
(A) how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces
(B) that they served diverse functions
(C) that they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces
(D) how they were safer than northeastern fireplaces
3. The word scorched in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) burned
(B) cut
(C) enlarged
(D) bent
4. The word it in line 6 refers to
(A) the stonework
(B) the fireplace opening
(C) the mantel tree
(D) the rising column of heat
5. According to the passage , how was food usually cooked in a pot in the seventeenth century?
(A) By placing the pot directly into the fire
(B) By putting the pot in the oven
(C) By filling the pot with hot water
(D) By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire
6. The word obtain in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) maintain
(B) reinforce
(C) manufacture
(D) acquire
7. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a wooden lug
pole?
(A) It was made of wood not readily available.
(B) It was difficult to move or rotate.
(C) It occasionally broke.
(D) It became too hot to touch.
8. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, oven wood produced
(A) less smoke
(B) more heat
(C) fewer embers
(D) lower flames
9. According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT:
(A) It was used to heat the kitchen every day.
(B) It was built as part of the main fireplace.
(C) The smoke it generated went out through the main chimney.
(D) It was heated with maple sticks.
10. According to the passage , which of the following was an advantage of a bake kettle?
(A) It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace.
(B) It did not need to be tightly closed.
(C) It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven.
(D) It could be used to cook several foods at one time.
答案：BCACD DCBAA
★ 如何提高托福成绩
