下面是小编整理的雅思A类阅读误区有哪些（共含9篇），希望对大家有所帮助。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“khsm28”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
那些当年我们踩过的坑 雅思A类阅读常见误区
那些当年我们踩过的坑，雅思A类阅读常见误区为你带来雅思A类的阅读中，过来人们已经踩过并证明是坑的误区总结。在雅思阅读的备考期间，我们除了要制定备考计划，还要了解雅思考试的出题思路和走势。对于雅思阅读的误区总结也是了解雅思考试的一个重要方式。下面我们就来看看这些误区吧。
雅思阅读误区之一、雅思阅读就是找答案，只要背上数千单词就可以考得高分
其实不然。我见过一个学生，词汇量相当大，有8000左右，写作方面表现得很好，随手就可以写出6.5分水平的作文，但是，他的阅读模拟测试却从没有超过5分，而且对阅读课表现得很不耐烦，以为只要把单词背完就行了。
雅思考试作为目前世界上最权威的英语能力测试之一，除了一定量的词汇量，扎实的语法基础，良好的语感和阅读习惯，以及较快的阅读速度，都是取得高分必不可少的因素。只有有了这些基础，再辅以适当练习，对雅思阅读题型的熟悉和对时间的把握，才有把握取得较高的分数。
雅思考试对考生真实的英语阅读能力考察的准确性决定了它不是靠瞎猜或运气，或者是词汇量大就可以考好的。建议广大考生，踏踏实实地多花点时间和精力在阅读本身上，当考生的阅读理解水平达到一定程度时，想不考高分都难。阅读考试应该按照题目设置顺序完成。
雅思阅读误区之二、阅读就是要使劲做题，做题量决定考试成绩
很多同学在复习的时候喜欢做一些市面上很火的模拟题，有同学能把模拟题做得几乎全对，而遇到真实考试却遭遇滑铁卢。本人建议烤鸭们还是要以剑桥真题系列为主，不要仅仅满足把题做对，更要花功夫理解跟解题相关的句子，对于层次高的同学希望大家能归纳下真题文章每段大意，这也是众多阅读单科8分以上同学共享的秘方。
每次阅读考试都有些题很难做，所以复习时应该重点关注此类难题。雅思阅读每次考试都会有3到4个难度颇高的题目，这些题考查大家生僻的单词，或者非常注重同学们的英语思维。本人认为大家不要过于学究，平时的复习时间不要花在偏题怪题上面，主心骨还是放在中等规范的题目中。大家记住雅思考试考的是语言，区别于四六级考试和国内的硕士研究生招生考试，题目的答案直接从文章的表象中找就可以，不用特深入地思考。如果定位之后，思维要经过山路十八弯，那大多时候就误入歧途了。
雅思阅读误区之三、剑桥真题都是很多年以前的考题，不必花很多时间钻研
剑桥真题确实是很多年以前的老题，但是既然这么大规模的出版发售就肯定对雅思考试是有指导意义的。有同学花一周时间就把剑桥真题全做完了，统计正确个数，预测分数，就把题甩在一边。题目其实就好比是一个病人去看病的时候使用的体温计，只能反映病人的体温，并不能帮助治疗。做题本身只能检测自己的英语水平，但如果不对症下药，做再多的题目也是无济于事的。
所以，做完的题目都要进行仔细分析，看一下多少属于因词汇量不够而导致的错误，多少是因为语法结构，读不懂长难句而造成的错误，多少是由于阅读技巧导致的错误。如果前两者的错误居多，那么就说明你需要提高你的词汇和语法基础了。复习的时候建议你按照题型分别进行，一方面巩固题型技巧，一方面通过把题目所在的原文进行精读，补充自己的英语基础知识。剑桥真题虽然是已经淘汰的文章，但是其思路结构，解题技巧和现在考试是一致的，也是大家复习雅思首选材料。
雅思阅读误区之四、基础差不要紧，通过做剑桥雅思真题系列，听老师讲技巧分析就能提高阅读分数
这个不能说全错。就看你的分数要求，如果你只需要4分或5分，可以说纯技巧能保证做到。但如果你要7分或8分甚至更高，单靠技巧绝对实现不了。众多雅思阅读高分得主的秘诀不仅仅在于解题技巧，更重要的是英语水平和阅读技能的同时提高。
想在短时间内在阅读上拿到7分以上的分数，那么就必须进行集中式的单词背诵。基础差的同学先可以按照顺序分别背诵高考词汇、大学四级词汇和六级词汇。这些都是咱们欠下的债，从哪里跌倒就从哪里爬起，查漏补缺，通过技巧和技能的完美提高，才是雅思阅读考试的最终目的。
雅思阅读误区之五、雅思阅读是应该先读文章再读问题
万事万物没有绝对嘛!我认为如果考生的语言水平不错，那其实先读文章和先读题目差别不大，殊途同归嘛。However，如果考生觉得自己的英语还有待提高，而又急着要考雅思的话，那么在做阅读的时候还是先读题目，划出关键信息，然后再读文章一一搜索信息。
以上就是那些当年我们踩过的坑，雅思A类阅读常见误区的全部内容。我们千万不要重蹈前人的覆辙，再次犯下同样的错误。在备考的初期就对雅思阅读的这些误区进行了解能更好地帮助我们制定备考计划并高效地执行取得结果。对于刚刚开始备考雅思阅读的同学们来说，把方向走正确比走得快更有意义。
实例解析雅思阅读的文章脉络解题法
有过考场经验的考生大都有一个体会，并不是每次都能很幸运地快速查找到答案，在几番阅读理解未果的情况下，考生通常不得不继续读上下文。我们建议考生，这时若能对上下文之间的关联有上佳的理解，又能把握文章的大体脉络，无疑是对解题的莫大帮助。
在剑桥雅思真题系列IV中，Q13 / Passage 1 / Test 1:
题目：Answer the following questions by choosing the correct responses A-P. (Matching)
Which of the responses is cited as unexpectedly uncommon, given the amount of time spent on the issue by the newspapers and television?
本题是这一组Matching 题目Q9-13中难度最大的一个，考生应能根据整体文章的脉络意识到本题信息的大体位置。由于Q9-12均按顺序出场，而且覆盖了文章大部分中间篇幅，在应对最后一题Q13时，应考虑与Q12的关联，在随后的篇幅中按照关键词索骥。
句中unexpectedly uncommon 是非常合适的关键词，而time 以及随后出现的以newspaper 为代表的媒体是具体特征。
在全文倒数第三段中Line 4 出现了: This is surprising considering the high level of media coverage on this issue.
句中出现了和关键词unexpectedly uncommon吻合的 surprising, 以及对应于time / newspapers的media coverage, 可知考点在此处，但细读下来，考生仍然难以在此找到最终答案，因为题目中讲的是 Which of the responses …, 所以答案应该是孩子们回答中的内容。
虽然答案尚未出现，但可以确定距离此处不远，可望依托上下文找出答案。在紧邻的上一句中：Only a few of the pupils (6%) mentioned that rainforest destruction may contribute to global warming. 可知下一句的This 指的是global warming.在此，语义场所铺垫的整个语义指向起到了关键性的作用。最终选择答案 J. As the rainforests are destroyed, the world gets warmer.
雅思阅读训练材料之高敏度人群的特点
雅思阅读训练材料之高敏度人群的特点为你带来一篇来自社会人文科学领域的雅思阅读材料。这篇阅读材料主要讲述的是一群被称为高敏度人群的人的习惯。这篇阅读中有涉及到心理学，社会学等相关方面的研究。由于题材是社会科学，又是一篇基于调查的学术类文章，因此在用词方面显得比较专业和抽象。下面就让我们来欣赏一下。
Do you feel like you reflect on things more than everyone else? Do you find yourself worrying about how other people feel? Do you prefer quieter, less chaotic environments?
你是否觉得自己看待事物比其他人想得多?你是否发现自己总在担心其他人的感受?你是不是更喜欢安静一些，少些嘈杂的环境?
If the above sound true to you, you may be highly sensitive. The personality trait -- which was first researched by Elaine N. Aron, Ph.D., in the early 1990s -- is relatively common, with as many as one in five people possessing it. Aron, who has written multiple studies and books on high sensitivity, including The Highly Sensitive Person, also developed a self-test (which you can take here) to help you determine if you are highly sensitive.
如果以上描述对你适用，那么你很可能属于高敏感人群。这种个性特征是相对普遍的，每五个人中就有一人属于此类。伊莱恩·阿隆博士在20世纪九十年代早期首次对此进行了研究，她写过数篇研究报告和数本相关图书，其中包括《高度敏感的人》。她同时也开发了一个自我测试来帮助你决定自己是不是高度敏感(你可以跟着这篇文章进行测试)。
While recent interest in introversion -- driven largely by high-profile publications on the subject, including Susan Cain's book “Quiet,” -- has brought more awareness to personality traits that value less stimulation and higher sensitivity, Aron notes that highly sensitive people still tend to be considered the “minority.”
近期，包括苏珊·凯因的《安静》在内的诸多内向主题出版物高调发表，引起了大众对此的极大兴趣，人们更加注意到喜欢少些刺激和有着更高敏感度的个性特征。阿隆博士提到，高敏感人群现在仍被认为是“少数”。
But “minority” doesn't mean bad -- in fact, being highly sensitive carries a multitude of positive characteristics. Read on for some of the commonalities shared by highly sensitive people.
但“少数”并不意味着不好——实际上，高度敏感的人有一系列积极正面的个性特征。跟着本文一起看看高敏感度人群的一些常见的个性特征吧。
1. They feel more deeply.
1. 他们的感受更加深刻。
One of the hallmark characteristics of highly sensitive people is the ability to feel more deeply than their less-sensitive peers. “They like to process things on a deep level,” Ted Zeff, Ph.D., author of The Highly Sensitive Person's Survival Guide and other books on highly sensitive people, tells HuffPost. “They're very intuitive, and go very deep inside to try to figure things out.”
高敏感度人群的特征标志之一就是他们比低敏感的的同伴有着更深刻的感受。“他们喜欢在深层面掌握事物，”曾编写《高敏感度人群的生存指南》以及其他相关书籍的特德·泽夫博士对报社记者说道：“他们有敏锐的直觉，会深刻思考寻找问题的答案。”
2. They're more emotionally reactive.
2. 他们的情感反应更丰富。
People who are highly sensitive will react more in a situation. For instance, they will have more empathy and feel more concern for a friend's problems, according to Aron. They may also have more concern about how another person may be reacting in the face of a negative event.
高敏感度的人对于一个情景会做出更多反应。比如，根据阿隆博士的说法，他们更会站在他人的角度考虑，对朋友遇到的难题也更有同感。他们也许会更加顾虑到其他人遇到不好的事情会怎样反应。
3. They're probably used to hearing, “Don't take things so personally” and “Why are you so sensitive?”
3. 他们很可能已经习惯听到“别往心里去“和”为什么你这么敏感?“之类的话。
Depending on the culture, sensitivity can be perceived as an asset or a negative trait, Zeff explains. In some of his own research, Zeff says that highly sensitive men he interviewed from other countries -- such as Thailand and India -- were rarely or never teased, while highly sensitive men he interviewed from North America were frequently or always teased. “So a lot of it is very cultural -- the same person who is told, 'Oh, you're too sensitive,' in certain cultures, it's considered an asset,” he says.
泽夫博士解释道，文化决定敏感可以被视作一笔财富或者一种负面特质。泽夫博士在研究中采访过来自其他国家的高敏感人群，比如泰国和印度的高敏感的人很少或者几乎没被别人取笑过，而北美的高敏感人群经常被作为取笑的对象。“所以，这很大程度上都和文化有关——在某些国家，同样一个人被别人说成‘你太敏感了!’，而在有些国家，这被视为一种个人财富，”他如此总结道。
4. They prefer to exercise solo.
4. 他们更喜欢独自锻炼。
Highly sensitive people may tend to avoid team sports, where there's a sense that everyone is watching their every move, Zeff says. In his research, the majority of highly sensitive people he interviewed preferred individual sports, like bicycling, running and hiking, to group sports. However, this is not a blanket rule -- there are some highly sensitive people who may have had parents who provided an understanding and supportive environment that would make it easier for them to participate in group sports, Zeff says.
泽夫博士介绍说，高敏感的人可能倾向于避开团队运动，因为他们会觉得每个人都在看着他的一举一动。在他的研究中，他采访的大部分高敏感的人更喜欢个人运动，比如骑自行车，跑步或者徒步旅行。然而，这并不适用于所有高敏感人群——由于家人提供了理解和支持的成长环境，有些高敏感的人可能更容易参与群体运动。
5. It takes longer for them to make decisions.
5. 他们做决定需要更长时间。
Highly sensitive people are more aware of subtleties and details that could make decisions harder to make, Aron says. Even if there is no “right” or “wrong” decision -- for example, it's impossible to choose a “wrong” flavor of ice cream -- highly sensitive people will still tend to take longer to choose because they are weighing every possible outcome. Aron's advice for dealing with this: “Take as long to decide as the situation permits, and ask for more time if you need it and can take it,” she writes in a recent issue of her Comfort Zone newsletter. “During this time, try pretending for a minute, hour, day, or even week that you have made up your mind a certain way. How does that feel? Often, on the other side of a decision things look different, and this gives you a chance to imagine more vividly that you are already there.” One exception: Once a highly sensitive person has come to the conclusion of what is the right decision to make and what is the wrong decision to make in a certain situation, he or she will be quick to make that “right” decision again in the future.
高敏感的人更能意识到那些让做决定变得困难的细节，阿隆讲道。即使没有“对”或者“错”的选择，比如，不可能会选到有“错误”口味的冰激凌，但高敏感的人仍会考虑更久，因为他们想要衡量每个可能的结果。对此，阿隆给出以下建议：“情况允许的情况下，能考虑多久就考虑多久，如果你需要并且可以得到，争取更多时间。”她在她的最近一期《舒适区》的通讯中写道，“在这段时间， 一分钟，一小时，一天，甚至一星期，试着假装你是以某种特定的方式做出决定的。这是什么感觉?一个选择的相对面通常看起来非常不同，这样做给你尽情想象做了另外一个选择的机会。”例外：一个高敏感的人一旦得出正确和错误选择的结论，以后在需要做出“正确”选择的时候他或者她会很快做出选择。
以上就是雅思阅读训练材料之高敏度人群的特点的全部内容。同学们都读懂了文章内容了吗?对于雅思阅读，这样的阅读材料其实可以每天看1-2篇，作为一个学习英语的习惯。这样潜移默化中进行每日的训练能让我们逐渐掌握英语的思维习惯以及用英语进行思考的思维方式。
雅思G类阅读与A类针对的人群不同，所以备考的方法自然也有些差异，除了备考资料有差异外，还要注意一些雅思G类阅读备考误区。
雅思G类阅读误区 4大备考误区一定要避免!
雅思G类阅读备考误区有哪些?其实G类阅读难度并不低，所以备考G类不能因为自己英语基础还可以就掉以轻心。但是G类虽难，也没有难道很可怕的地步，所以只要认真备考就一定会有不错的提升。除此之外，还要在备考中用对资料，打好基础。
雅思G类阅读误区一 阅读很简单根本不用备考
雅思G类阅读简单吗?相对来说，雅思G类阅读文章的难度是要比A类的简单一些，但是这不代表雅思G类阅读不用备考。一些G类雅思考生感觉自己英语功底不错，将大量时间花在其他科目的备考上忽略了雅思G类阅读备考，结果到了考场上才发现题目根本做不完，但是悔之晚矣。G类阅读难点主要有两个，一是阅读本身对于大部分G类考生来说是有难度的，需要认真备考;二是G类阅读虽然比A类简单一些，但是得分却比较困难，相同的分值，G类阅读比A类要多对几个题才能达到，所以万不可自以为是，不认真备考。
雅思G类阅读误区二 阅读太难备考也不会有提升
有的考生备考G类阅读的时候觉得难度太高提升无望，想要彻底放弃阅读方面的备考。G类阅读确实有一定的难度，我们在上文中也为大家分析了难点，但只要大家认真备考，肯定会有不错的提升。如果阅读基础较差，那就针对阅读先去提升词汇量，提升语法基础，然后再来做阅读题目练习。只要备考时间充足，按部就班备考，阅读一定会有提升的，所以不要轻言放弃。
雅思G类阅读误区三 A类阅读资料都可以用来备考
雅思G类阅读备考是否可以用A类阅读的资料。如果大家用A类阅读来做泛读练习，倒也可行，但若是用来做习题练习，那就是浪费时间了。雅思G类阅读不论是文章还是题目与A类都有很大差别，所以如果要做习题练习，建议大家选用G类阅读资料。目前质量最高的雅思G类阅读资料是剑雅真题，建议大家利用好，先做题，再纠错，然后再分析错题，把握文章出题点。
雅思G类阅读误区四 凭技巧就能考出高分
雅思G类阅读阅读做题技巧有没有用?当然有用。但是如果大家在备考中想要单凭阅读技巧考出高分，那几乎是不可能的。如果你的目标分值不高，只有4分或者5分，那可以在备考前突击学习阅读技巧，但如果想考到6分或6.5分以上，必需要打好基础，在良好的基础上再结合一些做题技巧才能考出高分。
雅思G类阅读备考4大误区如上，大家在备考G类阅读的时候一定要注意这几个方面，不能盲目自信，也不能对自己太没自信，其实雅思阅读只要认真备考都会有不错的提升。另外，备考资料建议选G类阅读的相关资料，备考中要将基础和技巧相结合。
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes Sense
A.
It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music” has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple’s DRM system, called FairPlay, is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished.
B.
This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling), any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm, such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals, the company warned of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM, it implied, could keep the pirates at bay.
C.
This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM: the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation. So, he suggests, why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected? “This is clearly the best alternative for consumers,” he declares, “and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat.”
D.
Why the sudden change of heart? Mr Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europe’s regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, “those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.” Two and a half of the four big record companies, he helpfully points out, are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.
E.
Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. Consumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store, and at the moment that still means Apple’s. Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today, he notes. (And even the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re-ripped.) So Apple’s dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related “lock in”.
F.
The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the wind is blowing, Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRM’s defender, but as a consumer champion who helped in its downfall. Wouldn’t it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobs’s argument, in short, is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this
1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.
2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.
3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.
4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.
5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.
6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.
7. If DRM was cancelled, Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.
Questions 8-10
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.
8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs’ idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?
A. DRM places restrictions on consumer’ choice of digital music products available.
B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.
C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.
D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.
9. The word “unfazed” in line 3 of paragraph E, means___________.
A. refused
B. welcomed
C. not bothered
D. not well received
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?
A. Sony would gain the most profit.
B. More customers would be “locked in”.
C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.
D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.
Questions 11-14
Complete the notes below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
Mr. Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, explains the reason why he used to defend DRM, saying that the company was forced to do so: the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM; they can still…12…if the DRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others: the company relies on them to …13….But now he changes his mind with a possible expectation that Europe’s regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14… towards persuade the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
Part II
Notes to Reading Passage 1
1. low-key:
抑制的，受约束的，屈服的
2. showman:
开展览会的人, 出风头的人物
3. unassuming:
谦逊的, 不夸耀的, 不装腔作势的
4. iPod：
(苹果公司出产的)音乐播放器
5. iTunes store：
(苹果公司出产的)在线音乐商店
6. get off person’s back:
不再找某人的麻烦，摆脱某人的纠缠
7. gravitate:
受吸引，倾向于
8. unfazed:
不再担忧，不被打扰
Part III
Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-13
1. TRUE
See the second sentence in Paragraph A “… the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.”
2. FALSE
See the third sentence in Paragraph A “…At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft.”
3. TRUE
See the fourth sentence in Paragraph A “Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another.”
4. TRUE
See the second sentence in Paragraph B “It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers.”
5. NOT GIVEN
The third sentence in Paragaph B only mentions music from the iTunes store, nothing about that of Sony or Microsoft. “Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling).”
6. FALSE
See the last sentence in Paragraph E “So Apple’s dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related “lock in”.
7. NOT GIVEN
See the fourth sentence in Paragraph F only mentions music generally, no particular information about business prospect of Sony “Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility.”
8. B
See the fourth sentence of Paragraph C “All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation.”
9. C
See the third sentence of Paragraph E and the context “Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today.”
10. A
See the last four sentences of Paragraph F “Wouldn’t it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most.”
11. the iTunes store
See the second sentence of Paragraph C “They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM.”
12. withdraw their catalogues
See the third sentence of Paragraph C “They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised.”
13. produce security fixes
See the fourth sentence of Paragraph C “Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly.”
14. redirect their energies
See the second sentence of Paragraph D “Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, “those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.”
雅思G类阅读误区
雅思G类阅读误区一 阅读很简单根本不用备考
雅思G类阅读简单吗?相对来说，雅思G类阅读文章的难度是要比A类的简单一些，但是这不代表雅思G类阅读不用备考。一些G类雅思考生感觉自己英语功底不错，将大量时间花在其他科目的备考上忽略了雅思G类阅读备考，结果到了考场上才发现题目根本做不完，但是悔之晚矣。G类阅读难点主要有两个，一是阅读本身对于大部分G类考生来说是有难度的，需要认真备考;二是G类阅读虽然比A类简单一些，但是得分却比较困难，相同的分值，G类阅读比A类要多对几个题才能达到，所以万不可自以为是，不认真备考。
雅思G类阅读误区二 阅读太难备考也不会有提升
有的考生备考G类阅读的时候觉得难度太高提升无望，想要彻底放弃阅读方面的备考。G类阅读确实有一定的难度，我们在上文中也为大家分析了难点，但只要大家认真备考，肯定会有不错的提升。如果阅读基础较差，那就针对阅读先去提升词汇量，提升语法基础，然后再来做阅读题目练习。只要备考时间充足，按部就班备考，阅读一定会有提升的，所以不要轻言放弃。
雅思G类阅读误区三 A类阅读资料都可以用来备考
雅思G类阅读备考是否可以用A类阅读的资料。如果大家用A类阅读来做泛读练习，倒也可行，但若是用来做习题练习，那就是浪费时间了。雅思G类阅读不论是文章还是题目与A类都有很大差别，所以如果要做习题练习，建议大家选用G类阅读资料。目前质量最高的雅思G类阅读资料是剑雅真题，建议大家利用好，先做题，再纠错，然后再分析错题，把握文章出题点。
雅思G类阅读误区四 凭技巧就能考出高分
雅思G类阅读阅读做题技巧有没有用?当然有用。但是如果大家在备考中想要单凭阅读技巧考出高分，那几乎是不可能的。如果你的目标分值不高，只有4分或者5分，那可以在备考前突击学习阅读技巧，但如果想考到6分或6.5分以上，必需要打好基础，在良好的基础上再结合一些做题技巧才能考出高分。
雅思G类阅读备考4大误区如上，大家在备考G类阅读的时候一定要注意这几个方面，不能盲目自信，也不能对自己太没自信，其实雅思阅读只要认真备考都会有不错的提升。另外，备考资料建议选G类阅读的相关资料，备考中要将基础和技巧相结合。
雅思阅读材料：科学家解答为什么早上不想起床
Most of us love a good lie-in on the weekends. But for some people, getting out of bed each morning is a daily struggle that can disrupt their lives。
我们大部分人都喜欢在周末睡个懒觉，但是对于一些人来说，每天早上最受折磨的就是挣扎着从床上爬起来。
Now, researchers believe they have found out why some people struggle to sleep at night and reach for the snooze button in the morning - their body clocks are set too slow。
为什么有些人尽量早睡就为了能早起，现在，研究人员认为他们找到了原因，就是因为他们的生物钟被设置得太慢了。
A team from Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia, are investigating delayed sleep phase disorder, which is characterised by a persistent inability to fall asleep and wake at a conventional time。
澳大利亚阿德莱德弗林德斯大学的一个研究小组调查研究了睡眠期失调遭推迟，其特征就是迟迟无法入睡无法按时醒来。
Struggle to wake up for work? Your internal body clock may be out of sync
挣扎着起床上班?生物钟与生活节奏不同步
It affects up to 15 per cent of teenagers but can be a life-long condition。
这一现象影响了15%的青少年但这种情况不会终身伴随的。
Study leader, Professor Leon Lack, said initial results showed that the internal body clocks, of those with the disorder ran slower than average。
此项研究的牵头人利昂·兰克说，初步的研究结果表明身体内部时钟失调相对平均时钟慢了一些。
'Late sleepers can’t get to sleep until 2am or 3am at the earliest, or in some cases as late as 4am, which makes it very hard for them to get up for their commitments the next day,' he said。
晚睡的人到了凌晨两三点才睡，有些晚睡的人甚至到了凌晨四点才睡，对于他们而言很难保证第二天按时起床。
'We’ve been investigating what causes people to be late sleepers and one of the most plausible explanations we’re perusing is that their body clocks run longer than 24 hours。
我们已经调查研究了什么原因导致总有晚睡的人，其中一个貌似合理的解释就是他们的生物钟长于24小时。
'Most people have a 24-hour body clock, it’s a natural rhythm that influences sleepiness and core body temperature but for people with delayed sleep phase disorder it takes longer to complete the cycle so they tend to go to bed later and wake up later.'
大部分人的时钟是24小时，但对于晚睡的人而言，自然节奏影响了睡意和体温，睡眠期失调遭推迟要花很长时间才能完成这个周期，因此他们倾向晚睡晚起。
Circadian rhythms are followed by most living things and follow a daily cycle that are governed by our internal body clocks. They influence sleep and wake cycles, body temperature and the release of hormones。
生理节奏受我们身体内部生物钟的生活和日常规律支配。他们影响睡眠和清醒周期、体温、荷尔蒙的释放。
They can be affected by environmental factors, such as light levels, and so disrupted by flying across time zones and working night shifts。
他们受环境因素影响，例如光亮度、飞行时差、晚班工作。
Professor Lack said wider tests with a larger population would now need to be conducted to confirm the findings。
兰克教授说对较大一个人群进行了广泛试验，现在需要确认这些研究结果。
'If we establish what we’re expecting to find it will reinforce therapies that we know can help, such as bright light therapy to induce alertness in the mornings and melatonin to encourage earlier evening sleepiness,' he said。
如果我们所期望的结果能成立的话，那么找到加强疗法是会有帮助作用的，例如明光疗法来引导早上清醒，褪黑素有助于晚上早睡，他说。
'Exposing people to a bright light as early in the day as possible informs the body clock that it should be awake so therefore they fall asleep and wake up earlier on subsequent nights.'
人们白天尽早暴露在明光环境下，提醒生物钟该清醒了，因此他们的身体逐渐就调整到了早睡早起的状态
He said it was imperative to find a cause of the condition as it affected so many people。
他说找出这种现象的原因势在必行，因为影响了如此多的人。
'It causes young people to be late for school and when they do get to school they’re inattentive until their body clock finally wakes up。
这种现象导致学生上学迟到，即使到了学校他们也是不清醒的，只有生物钟清醒了才能彻底清醒。
'Adults can also have trouble holding down jobs because they’re always running late for work so it does have a detrimental effect on lives,' he said。
成年人在早上上班时也存在这种现象，总是上班迟到，因此对生活影响不利，他说。
雅思阅读材料：人变胖是什么原理
The discovery of the obesity gene in humans half a decade ago offered evidence that chronic weight gain is the consequence of a mismatch between nature and nurture. Simplistic explanations, such as blaming obesity on a drop in fat consumption, ignore scientific reality. In countries like India and China, obesity was virtually unknown until the introduction of a high-fat, western-style diet.
One well-known reason for this is that dietary fat converts to (转换为 )body fat more efficiently than does protein or carbohydrate, but recently scientists have uncovered what appears to be an equally important factor. Some researchers in universities are investigating the possibility that high levels of fat and fructose are mucking up(扰乱 ) our brain chemistry, and thereby muting the signals that would normally tell us to put down the fork. These signals are produced by peptides, which are regulated by a number of hormones. Under normal conditions these hormones help maintain a stable body weight by adjusting levels of the peptides that control eating. But a diet loaded with fat and fructose hampers the regulation of these hormones. Complicating matters still further is that the brain loses its ability to respond to these hormones as body fat increases -- so the obese are doubly penalized.
Other researchers are finding evidence that constant exposure to fat and sugar can cause some humans to crave (渴望)them as they do an addictive drug. A Princeton University psychologist recently showed that rats fed a high sugar diet were, when the sugar was removed, thrown into a state of anxiety similar to that seen in withdrawal from morphine or nicotine. Sarah Leibowitz, a neurobiologist, believes that frequent exposure to fatty foods may configure the brain to crave still more fat. She has shown in animal studies that galanin, a brain peptide that simulates eating behavior and decreases energy expenditure, increases when the animal eats a high-fat diet.
There are many factors contributing to the explosion of obesity in the United States, and the world, but the radical changes in the composition of our diet are first among them. While scientific work in this area is in its infancy, it's already clear that varying the amount of fat and other nutrients in the diet affects brain chemistry by activating certain genes, and this in turn directs our dietary preferences. By submitting ourselves to a steady dose of highly processed, sweet, high-fat foods, we have unwittingly entered into a dangerous experiment, the long term consequences of which are only now beginning to surface.
那些当年我们踩过的坑 雅思A类阅读常见误区
雅思阅读误区之一、雅思阅读就是找答案，只要背上数千单词就可以考得高分
其实不然。我见过一个学生，词汇量相当大，有8000左右，写作方面表现得很好，随手就可以写出6.5分水平的作文，但是，他的阅读模拟测试却从没有超过5分，而且对阅读课表现得很不耐烦，以为只要把单词背完就行了。
雅思考试作为目前世界上最权威的英语能力测试之一，除了一定量的词汇量，扎实的语法基础，良好的语感和阅读习惯，以及较快的阅读速度，都是取得高分必不可少的因素。只有有了这些基础，再辅以适当练习，对雅思阅读题型的熟悉和对时间的把握，才有把握取得较高的分数。
雅思考试对考生真实的英语阅读能力考察的准确性决定了它不是靠瞎猜或运气，或者是词汇量大就可以考好的。建议广大考生，踏踏实实地多花点时间和精力在阅读本身上，当考生的阅读理解水平达到一定程度时，想不考高分都难。阅读考试应该按照题目设置顺序完成。
雅思阅读误区之二、阅读就是要使劲做题，做题量决定考试成绩
很多同学在复习的时候喜欢做一些市面上很火的模拟题，有同学能把模拟题做得几乎全对，而遇到真实考试却遭遇滑铁卢。本人建议烤鸭们还是要以剑桥真题系列为主，不要仅仅满足把题做对，更要花功夫理解跟解题相关的句子，对于层次高的同学希望大家能归纳下真题文章每段大意，这也是众多阅读单科8分以上同学共享的秘方。
每次阅读考试都有些题很难做，所以复习时应该重点关注此类难题。雅思阅读每次考试都会有3到4个难度颇高的题目，这些题考查大家生僻的单词，或者非常注重同学们的英语思维。本人认为大家不要过于学究，平时的复习时间不要花在偏题怪题上面，主心骨还是放在中等规范的题目中。大家记住雅思考试考的是语言，区别于四六级考试和国内的硕士研究生招生考试，题目的答案直接从文章的表象中找就可以，不用特深入地思考。如果定位之后，思维要经过山路十八弯，那大多时候就误入歧途了。
雅思阅读误区之三、剑桥真题都是很多年以前的考题，不必花很多时间钻研
剑桥真题确实是很多年以前的老题，但是既然这么大规模的出版发售就肯定对雅思考试是有指导意义的。有同学花一周时间就把剑桥真题全做完了，统计正确个数，预测分数，就把题甩在一边。题目其实就好比是一个病人去看病的时候使用的体温计，只能反映病人的体温，并不能帮助治疗。做题本身只能检测自己的英语水平，但如果不对症下药，做再多的题目也是无济于事的。
所以，做完的题目都要进行仔细分析，看一下多少属于因词汇量不够而导致的错误，多少是因为语法结构，读不懂长难句而造成的错误，多少是由于阅读技巧导致的错误。如果前两者的错误居多，那么就说明你需要提高你的词汇和语法基础了。复习的时候建议你按照题型分别进行，一方面巩固题型技巧，一方面通过把题目所在的原文进行精读，补充自己的英语基础知识。剑桥真题虽然是已经淘汰的文章，但是其思路结构，解题技巧和现在考试是一致的，也是大家复习雅思首选材料。
雅思阅读误区之四、基础差不要紧，通过做剑桥雅思真题系列，听老师讲技巧分析就能提高阅读分数
这个不能说全错。就看你的分数要求，如果你只需要4分或5分，可以说纯技巧能保证做到。但如果你要7分或8分甚至更高，单靠技巧绝对实现不了。众多雅思阅读高分得主的秘诀不仅仅在于解题技巧，更重要的是英语水平和阅读技能的同时提高。
想在短时间内在阅读上拿到7分以上的分数，那么就必须进行集中式的单词背诵。基础差的同学先可以按照顺序分别背诵高考词汇、大学四级词汇和六级词汇。这些都是咱们欠下的债，从哪里跌倒就从哪里爬起，查漏补缺，通过技巧和技能的完美提高，才是雅思阅读考试的最终目的。
雅思阅读误区之五、雅思阅读是应该先读文章再读问题
万事万物没有绝对嘛!我认为如果考生的语言水平不错，那其实先读文章和先读题目差别不大，殊途同归嘛。However，如果考生觉得自己的英语还有待提高，而又急着要考雅思的话，那么在做阅读的时候还是先读题目，划出关键信息，然后再读文章一一搜索信息。
以上就是那些当年我们踩过的坑，雅思A类阅读常见误区的全部内容。我们千万不要重蹈前人的覆辙，再次犯下同样的错误。在备考的初期就对雅思阅读的这些误区进行了解能更好地帮助我们制定备考计划并高效地执行取得结果。对于刚刚开始备考雅思阅读的同学们来说，把方向走正确比走得快更有意义。
雅思阅读：怎样解决失分问题
首先，当然是词汇。任何一篇内容相对复杂的阅读文章，都不可避免地出现大量生僻词语或者是难度相对较大的单词。从文章的选材而言，范围是十分丰富的，主要来自世界各国主要的英文报刊杂志，内容涉及任何一个国家的文化、经济、自然和科技等。而IELTS考试所考查的，是实际运用语言的能力，所以在考试中真正需要理解的单词，或是题目中真正考查到的单词，往往是英语阅读中的一些最核心的单词。这些单词虽然数量不多，难度不大，但却是必须掌握的。就考试而言，掌握6000左右的常用词汇，即大学六级大纲中所要求的词汇是必须的。
第二，复杂的句型结构。有些同学的词汇量已经达到了6000左右，但是依然感觉读不懂文章，这就是因为文章中充斥着大量结构复杂难以把握的复杂句。如：The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life. 这是一个相对复杂的句子，主干是the challenge now is to develop policies and practices, 从based on到句子的结尾处是由过去分词短语充当的状语。后一个presumption后面有一个由that引导的从句，充当presumption的同位语。在同位语的后面，有一个if 引导的条件状语从句。一般而言，对同学们造成障碍的是并列句或并列复合句，倒装结构，所以在训练时可以精挑一个语段做仔细分析。
第三，题型多样化。这个障碍使原本已经拥有相当英语语言实力的考生，在考试中因为缺乏对题型的理解，或是被众多题型干扰，不能正常发挥。一些必考题型如list of headings, summary, T/F/NG等，可以作为练习重点。如summary题是很多同学感到头痛的题型，普遍感到非常难找。其实不然，只要记住两大原则即可。原则一，顺序原则。summary题的答案排列顺序，必定与文章的行文顺序一致。原则二，完整的summary，不仅应该能够体现文章本身所表达的思想含义，而且必须是符合语法规律的英语文章。所以根据语法也可以进行判断。
在准备考试的过程中，除了要做IELTS考题之外，还要进行泛读和快速阅读。泛读可以选择一些英美主流媒体的文章，在网站上可以找到，目的是熟悉单词和句型。快速阅读就是用扫描文章的方法对其结构有大致的了解，并把握其主旨。同时，在重点句子和词汇上做出标记。这种方法对阅读考试帮助极大，平时可多加练习。另外，为了提高阅读的速度还要养成良好的阅读习惯，不能边看边用嘴跟着读，眼、嘴并用必会降低阅读速度;一旦发现生词(这种情况绝大多数同学都肯定要遇到)，先不要紧张，要通过英语构词法(前缀、词根和后缀)来分析推测词义，或结合上下文、前后词语去猜测，如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的，还是否定的，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了，实在不行就做上记号，将来看一看是否影响答题，如无影响就坚决忽略。
雅思阅读：美国独立宣言
The Declaration of Independence
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4,
1776 THE UNANIMOUS
DECLARATION OF THE
THIRTEEN UNITED
STATES OF AMERAICA
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
在人类事务发展的过程中，当一个民族必须解除同另一个民族的联系，并按照自然法则和上帝的旨意，以独立平等的身份立于世界列国之林时，出于对人类舆论的尊重，必须把驱使他们独立的原因予以宣布。
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that they are among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than t right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is usurpations, all having in direct object tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利，人们才在他们中间建立政府，而政府的正当权利，则是经被统治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦对这些目标的实现起破坏作用时，人民便有权予以更换或废除，以建立一个新的政府。新政府所依据的原则和组织其权利的方式，务使人民认为唯有这样才最有可能使他们获得安全和幸福。若真要审慎的来说，成立多年的政府是不应当由于无关紧要的和一时的原因而予以更换的。过去的一切经验都说明，任何苦难，只要尚能忍受，人类还是情愿忍受，也不想为申冤而废除他们久已习惯了的政府形式。然而，当始终追求同一目标的一系列滥用职权和强取豪夺的行为表明政府企图把人民至于专制暴政之下时，人民就有权也有义务去推翻这样的政府，并为其未来的安全提供新的保障。这就是这些殖民地过去忍受苦难的经过，也是他们现在不得不改变政府制度的原因。当今大不列颠王国的历史，就是屡屡伤害和掠夺这些殖民地的历史，其直接目标就是要在各州之上建立一个独裁暴政。为了证明上述句句属实，现将事实公诸于世，让公正的世人作出评判。
He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
他拒绝批准对公众利益最有益、最必需的法律。
He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend them.
他禁止他的殖民总督批准刻不容缓、极端重要的法律，要不就先行搁置这些法律直至征得他的同意，而这些法律被搁置以后，他又完全置之不理。
He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
他拒绝批准便利大地区人民的其他的法律，除非这些地区的人民情愿放弃自己在自己在立法机构中的代表权;而代表权对人民是无比珍贵的，只有暴君才畏惧它。
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
他把各州的立法委员召集到一个异乎寻常、极不舒适而有远离他们的档案库的地方去开会，其目的无非是使他们疲惫不堪，被迫就范。
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasion on the rights of the people.
他一再解散各州的众议院，因为后者坚决反对他侵犯人民的权利。
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolution, to cause others to be elected ;whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without and convulsion within.
他在解散众议院之后，又长期拒绝另选他人，于是这项不可剥夺的立法权便归由普通人民来行使，致使在这其间各州仍处于外敌入侵和内部骚乱的种.种危险之中。
He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws of naturalizing of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the condition of new appropriations of lands.
他力图阻止各州增加人口，为此目的，他阻挠外国人入籍法的通过，拒绝批准其他鼓励移民的法律，并提高分配新土地的条件。
He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent of laws for establishing judiciary powers.
他拒绝批准建立司法权利的法律，以阻挠司法的执行。
He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their office, and the amount and payment of their salary.
他迫使法官为了保住任期、薪金的数额和支付而置于他个人意志的支配之下。
He has erected a multitude of new officers, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out our substances.
他滥设新官署，委派大批官员到这里骚扰我们的人民，吞噬他们的财物。
He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislatures.
他在和平时期，未经我们立法机构同意，就在我们中间维持其常备军。
He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.
他施加影响，使军队独立于文官政权之外，并凌驾于文官政权之上。
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation.For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us;
他同他人勾结，把我们置于一种既不符合我们的法规也未经我们法律承认的管辖之下，而且还批准他们炮制的各种伪法案，以便任其在我们中间驻扎大批武装部队;
For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murder which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States.
不论这些人对我们各州居民犯下何等严重的谋杀罪，他可用加审判来庇护他们，让他们逍遥法外;
英语阅读
关于做题顺序的雅思A类阅读误区
在备考雅思阅读考试时，多数考生存在这样一个误区，即三篇文章的难易程度是递增的，因而在考试时，如果时间不够的话就不怎么管第三篇文章了，把前两篇文章做完并做对就已经不错了。其实，这是一种非常错误的观念。因为阅读文章的难易程度不是由易到难的，而是随机的。具体先做哪一篇，考生还是要理性地分析。实际上，既然雅思阅读文章有题材考察与题型考察之分，那么考生其实就可以从这两个角度进行分析，看看自己究竟适合先做哪一篇。
雅思阅读文章通常分为生物，地理和社会科学三大类，不同类别包含的内容繁多，考生要熟悉了解。比如生物类题材是常考题材之一，常常涉及到动物的生活习性，基因研究，器官研究等。地理类题材有一定难度，所涉及的专业知识较多，范围也很广泛，如气象预测，沙漠化之类的。社会类题材可以说是一个比较大的范畴，包含众多小的分支，如教育，历史，考古等等。
当考生拿过试卷后，要将三篇文章的主标题，副标题，插图以及第一句话全部浏览后，选择一篇从题材上自己比较熟悉和了解的文章先做，毕竟这样的文章背景知识和专有名词对于考生来说是相对熟悉的，做起题来就会容易一些。在雅思阅读考试中，如果考生对于三篇文章背景知识的掌握程度差不多的话，就可以在浏览完三篇文章所涉及到的所有题型之后，就可以选择一篇从题型上自己比较拿手的文章先做。
雅思阅读题型主要有八种，即list of headings，complete the sentences，answer short questions，picture filling，summary，multiple choices，matching，true or false or not given。不同题型的难易也会不同，比如list of headings也就是标题对应题，这类题型无需定位，但需要对文章大体的内容有一定理解，难度系数两颗星; matching因果配对无出题规律，定位也比较复杂，难度系数三颗星;true or false or not given定位相对简单，但是往往在判断时容易失误，难度系数两颗星。
总而言之，考生要根据自己对不同题材和题型的掌握程度来决定雅思阅读文章先做哪一篇，也就是要合理安排做题顺序，这样才会高效完成任务。另外，考生在打好基础之后在平时最好能够按照实际的阅读考试时间来做题，检测一下自己是否能够在规定时间内做完所有题目，并找出不足之处加以改进。希望考生们取得满意的雅思成绩。
雅思阅读同义词转换：剑八test3
1. building=property=construction n.建筑
2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持
3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助
4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦
5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成
6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导
7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光
8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的
9. test in real=field test 实地测试
10. genius=giftedness / talent / intellectual=intelligence=brains=brilliant=wisdom n.天才
11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承
12. talent=prodigy=skill=ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something well n.才能，技能
13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay v.减少
14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性
15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成
16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制
17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的
18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的
19. life span=duration of life 寿命
20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟
21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长
22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则
23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的
24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存
25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的
26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing n.有机的
雅思阅读同义词转换：剑八test4
1. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学
2. format=pattern n.格式
3. less successful student=struggler 差等生
4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键
5. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就
6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的
7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的
8. careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.仔细的，精心的
9. supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=another n.补充，帮助
10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力
11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确
12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱
13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗
14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n.支出
15. innate=built-in adj.先天的
16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力
17. entail=involve v.包含
18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统
19. feed on=prey on 以…为食
20. blight=plague v.破坏
21. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除
22. plague=infest=troublesome v.折磨
23. compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel v.对比
24. criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准，识别
25. compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for each other=be a perfect match /pair/couple=be right for=be ideally suited adj.兼容的
26. specimen=individual n.标本
27. container=plastic or glass tube n.容器
28. wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash adj.湿的
29. habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology n.栖息地
30. pitfall=trap n.陷阱
31. little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance and intervention 最小程度的维修与介入
32. pesticide: a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops n.杀虫剂
33. preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for example food or wood n.防腐剂
雅思阅读
雅思A类阅读常见备考和做题误区总结
雅思阅读部分的常见误区之资料选择基础巩固篇
第一， 没有系统的备考资料
现今市面上品种繁多的雅思参考书让人眼花缭乱，有些同学今天用这个教材、明天换另一个雅思阅读教材，学习便失去了系统性。好的做法应该是以《剑桥雅思系列真题》为主，其余材料都作为补充材料。
第二， 不要忽视语言功底的雅思阅读提高
不论阅读题型如何变化， “烤鸭”们在复习的时候首先从单词和语法这两方面重点提高。在词汇方面，强烈建议考生在考前买本真题高频词汇书并将里面词汇反复背熟。语法方面，重点掌握雅思常考语法项目，比如分析句子结构，抓句子主干等。熟悉语法的目的是为了识别考题及文中对应处的长难句，所以重点应该放在从句分析和长难句理解上。
雅思阅读部分的常见误区 题型技巧训练篇
第一，题型训练，套题练习，不是越多越好
首先我们要明白，雅思阅读题型多样，每种题型的做题方法不尽相同。因此考生在刚开始的时候要先攻克每一道题型，然后再做剑桥套题训练，这样效果比较好。
其次，我们要记得做题是为了取得理想雅思成绩而不是刷套题数量。所以考生只要每完成一篇文章或一组题型，思考一下每道题的出题点，每题涉及的近义替换，每题的易错点，那做题的意义和效率将大大提升，也是能取得很好的阅读成绩的。
第二，做题时不要花费大量的时间来完成难题
考生要知道每次考试都会有3到4个难度颇高的题目，考试时间有限，不要刻意花时间在偏题怪题，主心骨还是要放在中规中矩的题目上。
第三：认为技巧为上，有技巧就有高分
要明白没有一定的阅读能力在考试的过程中没有办法快速的确定文章大意、分清主次信息、了解文章脉络。这样的考生一定没有办法驾驭整篇文章，高速准确的做题。技巧重要，他是提高能力更可靠。
雅思阅读部分的常见误区之阅读速度提高篇
第一，慢工出细活
雅思阅读的文章背景广泛，涉及自然科学教育等等方面。“烤鸭们”难免会在阅读中遇到生词，正确的做法是一边读一边猜意思。
很多学生喜欢在阅读时一边读出声音来一边用手指比划，又想清晰地发出每个单词的发音。这样会大大降低阅读的速度，要多锻炼自己通过视觉器官直接感知文字符号的能力进而大大提高阅读速度。千万不要认为阅读时翻翻字典会提高自己的考试速度。
第二：中规中矩，按顺序答题
雅思阅读考试对考生的速度要求颇高。同学们可以选择最熟悉的一篇文章来做，然后选择题型难易程度进行，实现分数的最大化。
填空类别的题目通常最简单，如：table/chart/diagram, summary, sentence completion, short answer questions等，可以先做。选择类通常都较难，例如：T/F/NG, List of headings, Which paragraph contains the following information等，放到后面做。
以上就是雅思A类阅读常见备考和做题误区总结的全部内容。同学们要注意在备考和做题的时候，不要陷入以上举例的误区当中。只有当我们有了一个正确的方向之后，才能更好地去备考和实战考试雅思阅读。并且备考在于一个平时的习惯和坚持，即使我们心里知道以上的方法论，但是如果不实践，也是没有任何结果的。
雅思阅读考试要注意的事项
看英文文章喜欢读出来，或者指着单词一个个地看，碰到不懂的单词立刻去查字典……这些都是在教学过程中发现的学员在阅读方面的误区，而这往往造成考试中来不及做阅读题。该校老师表示，阅读英文文章时，要注意这么三方面：
一是多积累。英语的听和说属于输出过程，而读和写则是输入的过程。为了输出畅通，就要保证输入的量足够大。因此，必须积累大量词汇才能在阅读时轻松应对。这就要求阅读大量的外语资料，可以选择《Shanghai Daily》和《21世纪英语报》。前者涉及很多生活性的词汇，后者则包含最新流行词汇的英语表达法。另外《The Economist》、《Time》、《Beijing Review》，都是不错的选择。
二是抓关键。文章的关键词决定了文章整体意思。在抓住关键词的同时，还需要对关键词进行分类，了解不同种类的关键词，对理解文章大有帮助。在训练如何抓住关键词方面，可选由北京雅思刘洪波主编的《雅思阅读真经1+2》，该书对各种题型的关键词做了具体归类。
文章中的长句常让人头昏脑胀，无从下手。北京雅思的老师建议，不管碰到多么复杂的句子，一定要沉住气，先找到主句的动词，然后往前找到该动作的实施者即主语，继而往后找到该动作的承受者即宾语。找到句子的主谓宾，整句话的意思便清晰起来。剩下的成分一般是主语或宾语前的定语，用来形容其特征;而另外的诸如that或-ing引导的结构往往是进一步补充一些信息而已。
三是勤练习。英语作为我们的第二种语言，必须通过勤读才不会忘记，要养成每天阅读英语文章的习惯。
谈雅思阅读解题时常见误区
首先来看一些普遍的阅读做题方法误区：
1.不看文章，直接做题。
2.读第一遍时碰到难词，难句绝不放过，死缠烂打，弄懂为止。
3.做题时遇到难题不回看文章，直接猜答案。
4.平时做完一篇文章后绝不回头。
很多人在观念上有一些误区。首先是抢时间。老师平时作练习的时候就拼命强调快!再快!!导致学生做题时手忙脚乱，恨不得不看文章就去做题，根本没有养成分析文章的习惯，更谈不上分析文章的能力。阅读理解，不“阅读”怎么理解?拿着题目傻看，答案从那里来呢?有些人似乎有“快速搜索”的能力，到文章里去找关键字，好像很讨巧，其实现在的阅读理解文章陷阱重重，往往从字面上搜索到的信息都是错的。而且一篇文章有的段落较难，有的简单，我们往往会从我们能理解的那几段文字去推测整个文章的内容。以这种方式阅读，答题时错误率较高。所以深入理解相当重要。
其次是题目作完拉倒，没有一个回头看看的过程。这样效率是很低的。建议考生平时作完题后抱着一种挑剔，怀疑的态度回头把题目再扫一遍，花不了几十秒钟，但往往能发现大问题。
刚才说到了“深入理解”，这里还要重提一个概念：“主题句”。一篇文章能用作阅读理解用，通常都有很好的组织结构。每一句话都不是白说的，都有其逻辑意义：有的是总起，有的做支撑，还有的是转折。找出主题句并了解每一个句子在文章中的逻辑作用是相当关键的。很多“言外之义”都可以从句子间的逻辑关系领会出来。如果仅仅把每一个句子看懂，感觉就是“模模糊糊一大片”，但若能把条理理清楚，那就是“清清楚楚一条线”了。甚至有看不懂的地方，也比较好猜。
英语阅读
雅思A类阅读常见备考和做题误区总结
雅思阅读部分的常见误区之资料选择基础巩固篇
第一， 没有系统的备考资料
现今市面上品种繁多的雅思参考书让人眼花缭乱，有些同学今天用这个教材、明天换另一个雅思阅读教材，学习便失去了系统性。好的做法应该是以《剑桥雅思系列真题》为主，其余材料都作为补充材料。
第二， 不要忽视语言功底的雅思阅读提高
不论阅读题型如何变化， “烤鸭”们在复习的时候首先从单词和语法这两方面重点提高。在词汇方面，强烈建议考生在考前买本真题高频词汇书并将里面词汇反复背熟。语法方面，重点掌握雅思常考语法项目，比如分析句子结构，抓句子主干等。熟悉语法的目的是为了识别考题及文中对应处的长难句，所以重点应该放在从句分析和长难句理解上。
雅思阅读部分的常见误区 题型技巧训练篇
第一，题型训练，套题练习，不是越多越好
首先我们要明白，雅思阅读题型多样，每种题型的做题方法不尽相同。因此考生在刚开始的时候要先攻克每一道题型，然后再做剑桥套题训练，这样效果比较好。
其次，我们要记得做题是为了取得理想雅思成绩而不是刷套题数量。所以考生只要每完成一篇文章或一组题型，思考一下每道题的出题点，每题涉及的近义替换，每题的易错点，那做题的意义和效率将大大提升，也是能取得很好的阅读成绩的。
第二，做题时不要花费大量的时间来完成难题
考生要知道每次考试都会有3到4个难度颇高的题目，考试时间有限，不要刻意花时间在偏题怪题，主心骨还是要放在中规中矩的题目上。
第三：认为技巧为上，有技巧就有高分
要明白没有一定的阅读能力在考试的过程中没有办法快速的确定文章大意、分清主次信息、了解文章脉络。这样的考生一定没有办法驾驭整篇文章，高速准确的做题。技巧重要，他是提高能力更可靠。
雅思阅读部分的常见误区之阅读速度提高篇
第一，慢工出细活
雅思阅读的文章背景广泛，涉及自然科学教育等等方面。“烤鸭们”难免会在阅读中遇到生词，正确的做法是一边读一边猜意思。
很多学生喜欢在阅读时一边读出声音来一边用手指比划，又想清晰地发出每个单词的发音。这样会大大降低阅读的速度，要多锻炼自己通过视觉器官直接感知文字符号的能力进而大大提高阅读速度。千万不要认为阅读时翻翻字典会提高自己的考试速度。
第二：中规中矩，按顺序答题
雅思阅读考试对考生的速度要求颇高。同学们可以选择最熟悉的一篇文章来做，然后选择题型难易程度进行，实现分数的最大化。
填空类别的题目通常最简单，如：table/chart/diagram, summary, sentence completion, short answer questions等，可以先做。选择类通常都较难，例如：T/F/NG, List of headings, Which paragraph contains the following information等，放到后面做。
以上就是雅思A类阅读常见备考和做题误区总结的全部内容。同学们要注意在备考和做题的时候，不要陷入以上举例的误区当中。只有当我们有了一个正确的方向之后，才能更好地去备考和实战考试雅思阅读。并且备考在于一个平时的习惯和坚持，即使我们心里知道以上的方法论，但是如果不实践，也是没有任何结果的。
解读雅思考试阅读文章的选取规则
由声誉卓著的剑桥大学考试委员会命题。此机构雇佣大量学者对全世界所有重要文字媒体的重要文章进行遴选，然后根据考试委员会制定的严格标准请原作者或者新作者进行改写，一般是在一篇长达数万字的文章中选取一部分或者进行重写，形成5000-6000字的文章，这些文章又可分割为互相联系，主题一致但内容绝对不相同的文章(长度在1000-1500字)，以亚洲国家的城市化发展为例，在《nationalgeographic》(美国国家地理杂志)上登载了一篇25000字的长文，经改造加工成为五篇i所使用的文章，然后出题人再根据每篇文章的特点将其与各种题型结合，最后输入电脑，一套令许多人牵挂与恐惧的i文章就这么完成了。
i是英国传统经典学府剑桥大学的杰作，英国奉行高等教育的精英主义，所选的文章也出自一些著名的媒体，其中最多的是社会发展类的文章，全都出自以下媒体：
·经济学家杂志(economistwww.economist.com)，经济时报(financialtimes)，卫报(guardian)等国际精英知识分子媒体的非社论性文章
·政府各部门(uk及世界各国)的社会发展报告，联合国各组织的年度报告
·某些著名的协会杂志(带有官方色彩)，如infojournal(驻英国商会的季刊)
·英国及欧洲的专业杂志(人文类)，如artsmanagement，artseducation等
·70%的自然科学文章选自nationalgeographic，newscientist，science，popularscience和nature杂志
·80%的重大事件(非政治经济)，重大发明都选自美国国家地理杂志(nationalgeographic)
了解并掌握文章的类型是完成i的第一步，但请大家注意，所有i中使用的文章都不涉及当下的所谓社会发展热点问题，而是选取典型及带有普遍性的文章，也就是说至的i中的文章多数出自90年代中期。
以上就是雅思阅读文章选取规则及出处的相关介绍，文章经千挑万选而来，风格相当严谨，用词正式精确，条理非常清晰。有许多文章都是极好的ielts写作的范文。
雅思考试阅读材料
Unlucky in love? Maybe you should try your local bookstore. Here are 10 reasons why readers make fantastic lovers.
1. Readers are smart and intelligence is undoubtedly sexy.
Reading makes you smarter and that’s a fact. People who read often not only have higher GPAs and test scores, but a greater overall knowledge on a variety of topics. Furthermore, making reading a lifelong habit can help delay dementia by keeping the mind sharp and active.
2. Bibliophiles are able to think quickly on their feet and their active imaginations help them find creative solutions.
Readers are awesome to have in sticky situations. Individuals who spend more time reading have better analytical skills and are able to evaluate a problem quickly and skillfully to come up with a proper solution. Additionally, being exposed to different worlds, peoples, and ideas in their novels will make a reader’s mind wonderfully imaginative. Their creativity will inevitably keep your life, conversations and (ahem) bedroom interesting. After all, with a reader, you will never know what to expect.
3. No more forgotten anniversaries—readers have better memories.
With every character, setting, and plot twist that a reader absorbs, his or her brain is in overdrive building new and strengthening old neuron brain connections. As a result, they generally have better recall of day-to-day matters.
4. Bookworms are less stressed.
Reading is a comforting pastime and avid readers can always turn to a book when they are looking to unwind, relax, and reduce stress. This is good news for their partners because stress can seriously lower libido and stressed couples tend to avoid intimacy and fight more often.
5. With an impressive vocabulary and flair for storytelling, readers make wonderful conversationalists.
Nothing’s worse than stilted conversation on a date. Frequent readers, on the other hand, have a broader vocabulary and are better spoken than those that rarely crack open a book. As a result, your conversations will be much more colorful and engaging. Readers often think about life in unique and deeper ways that will spark challenging and exciting discussions.
6. Your reading admirer will be culturally and artistically aware.
Good readers are more than three times as likely to make art and go to concerts and museums as opposed to their non-reading counterparts. Can you say, “Awesome date nights?”
7. Readers are more likely to succeed in their careers and have well-paying jobs.
According to employers, a lack of reading and writing skills is one of the top shortcomings in new hires, giving proficient readers a better shot at getting hired. Moreover, they have a higher chance of being in a management position and, to top it all off, generally have higher salaries.
8. Readers are more likely to fulfill their civic duty.
Active readers are not only more likely to vote in elections, but are over two times as likely to do volunteer work. Not only does altruism make you more attractive, but couples that do charity work together are often more intimate and emotionally connected.
9. Readers are more understanding and empathetic.
Studies show that frequent fiction readers demonstrate a better ability to empathize with others and understand other people’s thoughts, feelings, and world view. Empathy is crucial in relationships—it is linked to shorter, less intense arguments as well as happier and longer relationships overall.
10. Readers are passionate, vibrant, clever and complex.
If you are with a reader, consider yourself lucky. With an incredible mind, imagination, wit and heart, they will challenge you quite unlike anyone else has before. They have lived many lives through the written word and will happily share those lives with you. They will want you to be a part of all of their worlds, all of their stories. Together, you will travel to fantastical lands across space and time and all the while will write a wonderful story of your own. I promise you this: every plot twist and character flaw, every afternoon spent in a bookstore and late night discussion over haphazard stacks of books will absolutely and undoubtedly be worth it!
恋爱不顺?或许你该去书店转转了。下面10个理由可以告诉你，为什么爱读书的人能成为好恋人。
爱读书的人聪明又智慧
众所周知，阅读使人智慧。爱读书的人不仅成绩顶呱呱，还通晓各类话题知识。而且，养成终生阅读的习惯能保持思维敏锐灵活，避免老年痴呆。
爱读书的人思维活跃、想象力丰富，能立足现实想出有创意的解决办法。
爱读书的人在棘手情况下表现出众。经常阅读的人具备更强的分析能力，能迅速娴熟想出解决问题的恰当方法。而且，因为从书上了解到不同世界、各种人物及各类观点，爱读书的人因此具备更精彩的想象力。这种独创性思维会让生活、谈话乃至伴侣生活变得相当有趣。跟爱读书的人在一起，你永远也猜不透下一秒会发生什么惊喜。
爱读书的人拥有更好的记忆力，绝不会忘记周年纪念日。
通过一边阅读一边消化书中的人物、场景与情节，爱读书的人的大脑神经会得到不断更新与强化。因此，他们也更能记住日常琐事。
书虫不太会压力重重。
阅读是很惬意的消遣方式，如果需要减压与放松，爱读书的人总可以一头扎进书堆里去。这对他们的伴侣也很有益处：因为压力会大大降低性欲，倍有压力的夫妇常常难以亲近，很容易发生争吵。
爱读书的人词汇丰富，擅于讲故事，是不错的谈伴。
再没什么能比约会时生硬的对话更令人尴尬了。相对于很少看书的人而言，经常阅读的人拥有更丰富的词汇，往往也更加健谈。因此，和爱读书的人交谈更有意思。爱读书的人思考生活的方式更独到深刻，能将谈话提升到更高更有趣的层次。
爱读书的人散发书卷艺术气质。
相对而言，爱读书的人更倾向于搞艺术、听音乐会或逛博物馆。你觉得这样约会怎么样?
爱读书的人更容易获得高薪工作、取得事业成功。
据公司反应，新员工的一大缺点就是缺乏阅读和写作技能，因此爱读书的人更容易获得受聘机会。而且，爱读书的人更容易担任管理层职位，自然也就获得更高薪水。
爱读书的人更愿意履行社会职责。
爱读书的人不仅积极参加投票选举，还更愿意从事志愿活动。无私贡献能增加个人魅力，而一起做慈善活动的夫妇关系也更亲密和谐。
爱读书的人更能谅解和体恤他人。
研究表明，经常阅读的人更会体恤他人，能理解他人的想法、感受和世界观。同情心在人际关系中至关重要--它能减少争执，使彼此关系更融洽更长久。
爱读书的人热情活力、机灵多样。
如果你身边有个爱读书的人，那你可真幸运。爱读书的人思维灵活、想象丰富、机智又风趣，他们能将你引领你到达前所未有的层次。他从书籍里了解到各种各样的事情，也很乐意跟你分享其中的一切。他愿意带领你进入那些世界、聆听那些故事。你将和他一起穿越时空领略万种风情，同时也谱写下你自己的精彩故事。我向你保证：每一次情节回转、每一个人物弱点、每一段午后书店时光、以及夜晚对阅书籍的随意漫谈，都会妙不可言!
雅思阅读A类：Paper Recycling
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 30-41 which are based on the Reading Passage below.
PAPER RECYCLING
A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards, this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.
B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.
C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.
D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.
E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.
Questions 30-36
Complete the summary below of the first two paragraphs of the Reading Passage.
Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 30-36 on your answer sheet.
SUMMARY
Example ….
From the point of view of recycling, paper has two advantages over minerals and ………..oil……….
in that firstly it comes from a resource which is …….. (30) …….. and secondly, it is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is ……. (31) …… Although Australia’s record in the re-use of waste paper is good, it is still necessary to use a combination of recycled fibre and …….. (32) …….. to make new paper. The paper industry has contributed positively and people have also been encouraged by ………(33) ……… to collect their waste on a regular basis. One major difficulty is the removal of ink from used paper but ……… (34) ……… are being made in this area. However, we need to learn to accept paper which is generally of a lower ……… (35) ……… than before and to sort our waste paper by removing ……… (36) …….. before discarding it for collection.
Look at paragraphs C, D, and E and, using the information in the passage, complete the flow chart below. Write your answers in boxes 37-41 on your answer sheet. Use ONE OR TWO WORDS for each answer.
Answer:
30. sustamable 31. biodegradable 32. virgin fibre/ pulp 33. governments/ the government 34. advances 35. quality 36. contaminants 37. offices 38. sorted 39. (re)pulped 40. de-ink/ remove ink/ make white 41. refined
雅思阅读--切莫“望文生义”
一、利用定义式线索进行猜测
定义是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或 词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜测词义比较容易。例如:Kinetic energy is the energy of moving particles. Kinetic enegry 可能是生词，由定义可知，表语是说明主语性质内容的。所以kinetic energy就是“运动粒子的能量”。
再如Typhoons are cyclones，storms with strong winds rotating around a low-pressure center.如果cyclones是生词，推断该词义的线索就是其后面的解释“绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨”由此我们可知cyclones的意思是“绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨”。在这种解释中定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
二、根据进一步阐述猜测词义
虽然进一步阐述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使我们猜出生词的词义。复述部分可以是适当的词，短语或者句子。例如Experts in kinesics, in their study of body motion as related to speech ,hope to discover new methods of communications.
逗号中短语的意思是“对肢体语言进行研究的学科”。短语与前面生词kinesics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出kinesics指“肢体语言学”。在这种复述当中,构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。
另外同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, 等副词或短语出现。另外一种会以定语从句的形式出现如从句Obesity, which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells.
根据生词obesity后面的非限制性定语从句which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells. 我们可以推断出 obesity的含义，即“过度肥胖”。
三、根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的 大致词义“重要的”。
四、根据上下文的语境关联猜测词义
例如Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, murder and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1985. 这句话中有许多生词出现，但通过上文的crime和murder一词，我们可以知道这些下划线词都是与犯罪有关的词。在考试中，就不必费心去考虑它们的具体意思，知道大概类别即可。
再如Goran Ivanisevic fears only one service in tennis -- Michael Stichs. His toss is always the same: the straight one or the topspin. Sampras has a good serve and Becker too, but Stichs is the toughest to read.在此例中，大多数词用于网球运动中的一些专门词汇，我们可以不必理会，而主要关注认识的那些词。这样能够大概理解此句讲的是网球选手Goran害怕某种service, 通过上下文大致可得知这是指网球运动中的一个动作(比如发球、扣球等)。
其实，service就是“发球”的意思。从形容词straight可知Stichs发球的特点，而且他是最难预测的一个。这样一来就可以很好地把握文章内容了。
雅思阅读--如何排除干扰项
一、 重要干扰项
重要干扰项就是指，这种选项虽然不是正确答案，却与原文不冲突(或者很难判断是否与原文冲突)，它们与正确答案看起来比较相似，只不过不如正确答案更准确、更完整或更严谨。我们和小编一起来看下面的例子：
In Tarkovsky’s opinion, the attraction of the cinema is that it
A aims to impress its audience.
B tells stories better than books.
C illustrates the passing of time.
D describes familiar events.
我们可以定位到原文的C段和D段，C段提到：The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture. Pictures were still, only reality moved; this must, therefore, be reality. In their confusion, they feared that a real train was about to crush them. 这一段文字表达了观众当时的反应，观众们很难接受自己看到的是图画而不是事实。D段提到：The key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events. A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. But in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured. 这段文字描述了电影创造了事件随时间的发展演变，并且用picture和novel进行类比，强调电影的魔力是让人清楚地看到事情流畅地随时间演变。
根据这两段文字所表达的意思，很多学生会选择A或B选项，因为原文提及了观众、小说(书)的内容。A和B两个选项与原文所讲的内容并不是矛盾或完全不符合的。因此，这两个选项就干扰了我们正确的选择。当我们把这两段文字仔细推敲之后，发现描述观众的反应和对比书和电影的区别，都是为了表达电影的魔力在于表达事件随时间的发展这一主题含义。C项的含义比AB要更准确，因此答案选择C项。
二、 错误干扰项
相比之下，多选题目的错误干扰项就较容易识别出来了。我们可以看到，有些题目中，某个选项与原文是直接矛盾的，那么肯定不会选择它为正确的答案。比如：
A recent survey found that in British secondary schools,
A there was more bullying than had previously been the case.
B there was less bullying than in primary schools.
C cases of persistent bullying were very common.
D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.
我们看到原文，其中有一句话是：There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying. 通过这句话，我们可以明显地判断出，C项的含义与原文是矛盾的。very common和one in twenty-five的比例是明显不符的。因此，C选项就是一个错误的干扰项，我们可以确定地排除答案是C项的可能性。
雅思阅读如何判断出题者意图
如何判断雅思阅读题考察点
雅思阅读备考有些学生为了省事省力又省心，总是想尽各种方法寻求雅思阅读学习技巧，从而进一步将自己的雅思阅读提高方法更准确无误的总结出来。事实上，技巧的掌握是辅助学生做雅思阅读题的工具，它的存在可以有效的保障学生探测出题人的出题思路和意图。本文为大家介绍从雅思阅读技巧判断出题意图。
从直接用词来直接判断作者的立场
在雅思阅读文章当中，作者的立场主要分为三类：赞成、反对或中立。这需要我们从文章中找出一些旗帜鲜明的词来帮助我们判定(这种立场的分类需要学生在求雅思阅读技巧的同时，对文章的大致内容和题型分类有了解)：例如有一篇介绍GMOs(转基因生物)的文章中，第一句话是：Genetically-modified organisms(GMOs)are a double-edged sword(双刃剑)。这句话是全文或至少是全段的主题句，表明出题者的观点是中立的，认为转基因生物给人类带来益处的同时也带来了危害。在阅读这类文章时，考生应注意把住这两方面的论据在心里加以分类。
通过理解转折词来看作者的态度
作者的观点和态度往往在雅思的文章中有一个先扬后抑的过程，会通过一些转折词表现出来，前面会列出很多幌子来迷惑考生。这些常用的有：although，though，while，on the other hand，however，rather，but，despite，in spite of等。
雅思阅读提高方法的找寻需要学生在细节上有很好的耐力和查找能力，其中转折词的存在大有裨益。表示转折的词是猜测单词词义的很好的线索。另外，在一句话中，转折词后的部分往往是出题者表达的重点，所强调的东西。如果时间紧张的话，考生甚至可以跳过这些词前面的部分，直接阅读后半句话，因为这常常是问题涉及到的。
通过原因和结果推测作者的意图
在阅读过程中，了解出题者解释某个事件或情况的原因是很重要的。因果关系是帮助考生理解文章的线索之一。因此，考生应掌握下列词汇。解释原因的：because，because of，due to，result from，as a result of，be a consequence of，be attributed to;表示结果的：as a result，result in，lead to，cause，contributed to.
雅思阅读A类：Paper Recycling
《雅思阅读7天抢分笔记》适用于考前冲刺的考生和希望短期提高成绩的考生，同时也是澳佛英语雅思7天强化班内部培训教材。澳佛英语强化班雅思学员通过率可达，其教授的雅思考试技巧和方法已在多年的实战经验中得到充分验证。《雅思阅读7天抢分笔记》一改市面上大多数阅读书籍单纯罗列模拟考题的弊病，本书对所有雅思阅读题型的解题方法和技巧进行详细总结和归纳，是目前市面上解题方法技巧讲解最为详尽的一本书籍。雅思g类阅读资料三：
重点讲述雅思阅读中常见问题和主要应对策略。第二章到第九章为常见题型。包括选择题、判断题、配对题等学生最为头疼的题型。这些题型有技法概述，有真题举例，有句子分析，有词汇补充，堪称技法大全。第十章为真题演练。通过一套完整的剑桥真题，详细阐述考场应试策略。
雅思g类阅读备考建议
1.阅读是最需要积累的一项语言能力，词汇、句法乃至常见文章写法、思路，没有一段时间循序渐进的积累和能力的提升，阅读的能力——Competence就不会有实质的提高。只凭技巧没有实力是不可能有长久的效果的。
2.要增加英语阅读的速度，当然并非一朝一日即可达到。通常需要相当长一段时间的学习及训练。但无论怎样，应加强英文基础训练，掌握必要的测试技巧，从而在现有的英文基础之上取得比较好的成绩。总之，付出越多，收获越大。
雅思g类书籍看哪些
一、基本的训练材料。市面上的雅思备考材料种类繁多、参差不齐，如何从繁多的资料中选择最接近雅思考试的训练材料呢?
我的建议是:
1. 首先 cambridge university press 出的材料。所有的雅思试题都是由cambridge university考试委员会出的，所以选用复习材料第一选cambridge university press出的材料。虽说可能有点难，但你必须适应它，它的难度可以说就是雅思的难度。
2. 慎用澳大利亚出的材料，一般他们的难度偏低。
下面给大家推荐一些雅思复习资料
二、综合类雅思复习资料：
《how to prepare for ielts》其他任何备考书都可以不买，这本必须买!用过的人都说，这是目前最接近雅思真题的材料了。
我也非常喜欢这本书，老外写的,建议用法：初期可以看这本书，了解题型，分项练习。最后有4个paper,阅读有难度，可以复习中后期做。
《insight into ielts》由剑桥大学雅思培训专家编写,剑桥大学出版社出版。系英联邦国家雅思培训机构专用教材。此书提供的实例,特别是听力口语资料均选自雅思考试库，最为接近雅思考试真题。向来被奉为雅思培训领域的精典教材,中国雅思培训机构的如新东方将此书作为自己编辑教材的第一手资料。此书有雅思培训“圣经”之称。属于雅思杀手级材料。 2004年，出品了姊妹篇《insight into ielts extra》。
《101 helpful hints for ielts 》、《202 useful exercises for ielts》，虽说可能有些过时了，但确是很重要的基础训练教材。尤其是内容基本涵盖了Australia的背景，另外对数字和字母的发音训练极其有用。
觉得确实是过时了，就是好题外面的书也能找到。
《focus on ielts 》 剑桥刚出不久，基本上囊括所有背景知识与词汇。
《cambrdige ielts 1》、《cambrdige ielts 2》、《cambrdige ielts 3》每本书带有4套a类训练题、2套g类训练题。不用多说了，建议留几套,考前拿来作模拟考试训练。
我建议大家好好研究雅思剑3，有烤鸭专门钻研书本的听力，不断精听，听记原文，精读剑桥阅读文章，吸取好的句型和表达，写作也有了提高。书后的写作范文也值得好好学习。
《cambrdige ielts 4》剑桥4已经出来了，这本当然是无论如何必须买的了,能够体现最新考试动向.如果备考时间短,至少应该从接触剑桥系列来熟悉题型.
ps:剑桥系列是考试机构官方唯一给出的真题,市面上其他一切标榜真题都是假的,是根据这些真题和考试思路而出的模拟题,真经的阅读文章例外.剑桥的题目是从所有考试题库中选出有代表性的,所以既然出版,就被剔除题库,是不可能再考的.
词汇类：
雅思考试的词汇量要求并不是很高，要想拿高分，掌握六级词汇就够了。如果，时间不多或者对成绩要求不高的话，找本四级词汇翻翻也行。可以看看《星火式四六级词汇巧记速记》，共564页。推荐背单词的朋友们看这本书，总体上来说背起来比较轻松。哪怕不是背，翻一翻也是好的。每天50页的囫囵吞枣式记忆法，新东方的“秘诀”。
如果有时间，可以看看《雅思高分词汇突破》和《新东方雅思词汇必备—胡敏》
阅读类：
推荐新东方张亚哲的系统，综合最好。
《建宏国际雅思应考丛书·阅读卷》、北语《ielts考试技能训练教程·阅读》
阅读成绩的提高在于三个方面：1)单词 2)读题做题技巧 3)快速找词的能力。其实，阅读是可以通过短期训练来提高分数的。对于一个没有多少词汇量的考生，如果，掌握上面任何一本书中的技巧，通过一个星期的阅读训练，至少可以提高1分!!!
建宏的阅读书我看过，不太喜欢。因为书里面有些文章是G类的，很容易混淆大家视听。书的内容有拼凑的感觉，做到后来，你会发现很多阅读练习都是重复用文章。整本书总结起来也就那么几篇文章。份量不够。不过技巧讲的很细致。要看最好初期看。
★ 雅思写作社会类
