以下是小编整理的精读雅思文章的正确方法（共含7篇），欢迎阅读与收藏。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“无果花”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
【雅思阅读提升】精读雅思文章的正确方法 这3步缺一不可
对于雅思文章的精读主要包括三个方面：对于单词词义的理解，对于句子的理解，以及对于文章结构的理解。这三个方面层层深入，紧密结合。
一、理解词义
理解词义，顾名思义即是弄清楚文中不认识的生词的具体含义。在第一遍看文章时，我们重点在于做题，所以都是快速阅读，即skim加上scan。此时若遇到生词都是根据上下文(context)去猜测词义。而精读时，对于第一遍不认识的单词要全部用字典查出意思，即刚才猜测出大概含义的词汇，并且要整理到单词本上去。当然对于这些生词考生们实际上是要区别对待的。有些比较生僻的话题词汇只要认知就好，不需要掌握具体用法，比如C9T1P1文章中A 段第六行有个单词cog, 解释为钝齿，这个单词词义特殊，且在文中跟题目没有必然联系，不影响做题，属于较生僻的词汇，看到能通过上下文推测出含义即可，不需要死记硬背。而另一些词汇，尤其是动词，要掌握它们的具体用法包括搭配，以期能在自己的写作中加以灵活运用。例如文中E段第四行有个动词addressed, 考生们掌握的都是这个单词的名词含义“地址”，虽然通过上下文不难推测出是“提出”的意思，但是该词要怎么用则需要结合字典包括文中例句更好地理解。文中说questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent,考生写作文时也可以借鉴一下，例如想表达某人提出观点，就可以说someone addressed that。此外，文中经常会出现一些同义词，考生可以将这些词整理下来，因为同义替换是雅思阅读考察的一个重点，通过对这些同义词的整理，我们不仅可以知道考试常考的同义替换，同时也能借鉴到自己的写作当中去，毕竟词语多样性是写作评分标准之一。例如文章中表示外星人时，用到的词和表达有extra- terrestrial intelligence, alien civilization, other life form等，这种类似的同义替换在雅思阅读文章中经常出现，考生们还可以精读一下剑桥真题8 Test 3 Passage 2。
二、理解句子
单词理解好了，下一步自然就是理解句子。雅思阅读中经常会出现一些长难句，而有些考生一看到这些，就立马神经紧张，不知道如何下手了。大多数长难句只是外形吓人，其实是个纸老虎。例如文章A段最后一句话It is even possible that the older civilization may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven’t yet discovered. 乍一看，有好几个that, 看上去较复杂，但其实我们要做的事情就是提炼主干，找出主谓宾。这句话主语是it, 谓语is, that引导的是一个主语从句，一直到句尾，这样句子大意即是较老的文明也许能够将他们处理威胁的经验传播下去。而在主语从句中又出现两个threats 的并列，这两个threats的定语也值得借鉴，第一个是用to do结构做定语，而第二个threats则是用that引导的定语从句，这点符合我们写作评分标准中的句型多样化，非常值得学习。
当然不是每个句子都需要这么揣摩的，时间和精力都不允许。考生只需要将与题目相关的句子理解透彻，结构分析清晰就可以了。
三、理解文章结构
当词语句型都看懂之后，第三步就是学习研究文章结构了。西方的学术文章大体遵循总分总或者总分的结构，即introduction, main body, summary三部曲或者introduction, main body二重奏。而文章的每个段落也遵循这个结构。研究文章结构的目的是为了能从宏观上把握文章的布局特点，这样下次读雅思文章时能快速定位答案，尤其是 list of headings这个题型，同时也对于写作起到参考作用。这篇文章第一段交待了话题背景，即为什么要寻找外星生命，主题段落即B,C,D,E四段介绍了寻找外星生命的一些尝试及方法，以及可能出现的结果。而在每段内部，基本也遵循这个结构原则，例如B段，第一句即是主旨句，概括了该段的大意。理解了学术文章的写作特点，我们在今后的阅读练习中可以加以灵活运用，节约做题时间，提高解题正确率。
综上，雅思阅读的精读最主要的是对词语、句意以及文章结构进行进一步的理解和揣摩，以达到举一反三的目的，希望考生们在今后的学习考试中，能灵活运用文章中所学的知识
雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析
Rogue theory of smell gets a boost
1. A controversial theory of how we smell， which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics， has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists.
2. Calculations by researchers at University College London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involved.
3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct. But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously.
4. “This is a big step forward，” says Turin， who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virginia. He says that since he published his theory， “it has been ignored rather than criticized.”
5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules， which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.
6. But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs. And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly， some molecules can smell different — to animals， if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。
7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape， but by its vibrations， which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain.
8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism， says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team， is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock.
9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. “The question is whether this is possible in the nose，” says Stoneham’s colleague， Andrew Horsfield.
10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea， while Turin was himself based at UCL， “I didn’t believe it”。 But， he adds， “because it was an interesting idea， I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations， and only then began to feel Luca could be right.” Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly， in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters.
11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known， but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort.
12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible.
13. But Horsfield stresses that that’s different from a proof of Turin’s idea. “So far things look plausible， but we need proper experimental verification. We’re beginning to think about what experiments could be performed.”
14. Meanwhile， Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. “At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations，” he says. “Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition.” At the very least， he is putting his money where his nose is.
Questions 1-4
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer
FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
1. The result of the study at UCL agrees with Turin’s theory.
2. The study at UCL could conclusively prove what Luca Turin has hypothesized.
3. Turin left his post at UCL and started his own business because his theory was ignored.
4. The molecules of alcohols and those of thiols look alike.
Questions 5-9
Complete the sentences below with words from the passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
5. The hypothesis that we smell by sensing the molecular vibration was made by ______.
6. Turin’s company is based in ______.
7. Most scientists believed that our nose works in the same way as our ______.
8. Different isotopes can smell different when ______ weigh differently.
9. According to Audrew Horsfield， it is still to be proved that ______ could really occur in human nose.
Question 10-12
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
10. What’s the name of the researcher who collaborated with Stoneham?
11. What is the next step of the UCL team’s study?
12. What is the theoretical basis in designing odorants in Turin’s company?
(by Zhou Hong)
Answer Keys and Explanations
1. T 见第一段。“give sth the thumbs up”为“接受“的意思。
2. F 见第三段。 “That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid- 1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct.”意即“现在尚无法证实生物物理学家Luca在九十年代中期提出的理论是否正确。”
3. NG
4. T 见第六段 “Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs.”“identical” 一词是“完全相同”的意思。这句话是说alcohols和thiols的分子结构看起来一样，但是它们的味道却相去甚远。
5. Luca Turin 文章第二，三和七段均可看出Luca的理论即人类的鼻子是通过感觉气味分子的震动来分辨气味的。
6. Virginia 见第四段。
7. tongue 见第五段 “This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.”
8. the atoms 见第八段 “This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier.”
9. vibration-assisted electron tunneling 见第九段 ““The question is whether this is possible in the nose，” says Stoneham’s colleague， Andrew Horsfield.” 句中的代词“this”指句首的“vibration-assisted electron tunneling”。
10. Andrew Horsfield 见第九段结尾。
11.proper experimental verification 见第十三段。
12.their computed vibrations 见第十四段
掌握雅思阅读精读训练的正确方法
精读(intensive reading)是相对于泛读(extensive reading)来说的。如果泛读可以理解为“广泛的读”，那我们可以把精读称之为“精细的读”。何为精细的读呢?我认为精读是逐字逐句地读，全面理解文中单词的词义，理清句子结构，读懂句子进而理解段落和文章结构。
精读是一种非常有效的提高阅读能力的阅读方式。一个英语水平中等的考生如果能认真完成十几篇雅思真题的精读，再加上一些针对性的训练，阅读单项取得 7.5 分以上的成绩不成问题。精读除了能帮我们提高雅思考试需要的阅读能力，还有助于积累词汇和好的表达方式，对写作也大有帮助。
那么雅思阅读该如何精读呢?现在我们就来看看精读这味药：雅思精读成分：剑桥真题 4-10。
对于准备参加雅思考试的同学来说，真题是最好的练习资料。而雅思真题非常有限，剑 4 到 剑 10 共 28 套题 84 篇文章，所以要充分利用真题，认真做每一篇精读。
疗程 & 剂量：半个月，每天坚持精读一套真题(三篇)，或做等量的针对性练习。根据个人情况，酌情增减。
接下来我们来看看具体的使用方法，根据不同的问题对症下药：
雅思阅读适用症 1：单词不认识，句子读不懂。
雅思精读训练适用说明：在规定时间内做完一套阅读题并核对完答案之后，将阅读原文中的答案句和重点句逐句精读，复习时间充裕者可做全文精读。
划出一句话中的生词并通过查词典(点我看词典推荐)搞懂词义，将这些词按照类别整理出来，经常翻看。同时也要注意积累高频考点词和同近义表达。
一句话读不懂的一个可能的原因是生词较多或关键词不认识。精读首先帮助我们积累生词。雅思阅读的内容包罗万象，天文地理、人类发展、环境保护、经济技术、语言文化、人物传记等都有涉及。每类文章都存在一些对于理解文章起到重要作用的单词，把这些单词积累下来对于理解这篇文章以及今后再做同类的阅读题大有帮助。
有些词虽然不是生词，但它们在文章及题目中重复出现，也就是我们所说的考点词，这些词往往是解题的关键。因此在精读的过程中也要划出这些考点词，记住它们并对这些词保持敏感。
做过雅思真题的朋友可能已经发现了，雅思阅读中处处都是同义词替换。所以在精读过程中不光要积累不认识的生词和高频考点词，还要注意找出同近义词和上下义替换的词组，这些地方往往都是出题点。同样的，要把这些同近义词 / 表达总结整理出来并经常翻看，加深印象。
雅思阅读适用症 2：单词都认识，句子依然读不懂。
雅思精读训练适用说明：而当一句话中每个词都认识，但还是看不懂这句话要表达的意思，可能是句子结构没搞清楚。这时你需要做的是句子结构分析练习。
具体做法是：先判断这个句子所属的结构类型，是简单句、并列复合句还是主从复合句，主句、从句、连接词分别是什么。然后找到句子的主语和谓语，理解句子的主干。接下来进行成分划分，即分析这句话中的各个部分在此句中作何成分。搞清楚了这些以后试着理解这句话的含义，时间充裕的话可以试着写下翻译。
举个例子：The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated.这是一个简单句。
先找句子主干：The advantages [主语] are now being debated [谓语].
再看其他部分做什么成分：claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products 作定语，是修饰主语 the advantages 的。这句话可翻译为：有人认为绿色食品比用常规方法生产和销售的食品更好，但这种说法现在受到了质疑。
这样做下来虽然比较费时费力，但效果非常好。通常情况下，当完成 300 个句子分析后就能明显感到自己的阅读能力有很大提高。
雅思阅读适用症 3：句子能读懂，文章不理解。
雅思精读训练适用说明：当你读单句时单词都认识，句子结构比较清楚，句子好像也能理解，但是看完一遍整篇文章之后还是不明所以。此时你可能需要进行文章逻辑训练。当进行完单句的精读之后，从宏观的角度看看每个段落的大意是什么，它们在逻辑上是如何安排的，确定句间及段落间逻辑关系(因果、转折、并列等)，划出逻辑标志词。此时再找出刚刚做过的题目，分析错误原因，找到答案的出处，经过这样循序渐进的练习你就会发现考官出题的思路。
注意事项：123 需要一起使用，也就是在精读一篇文章时按照这个顺序，先解决单词的问题，然后是句子，接着是段落文章。如果有某个部分特别薄弱，比如不认识的单词太多、完全理不清句子结构等，就要加大相对应的能力训练。
雅思阅读小范围预测
文章题目 We have star performers
重复年份 0114 1124
题材 商业管理
题型 段落细节配对 4+判断 4+填空 5
文章大意 人才与天赋，讨论人才和选人标准之间的论证。讲公司考核员工主要的依据，talents, 文章批判了传统的观点(才能是与生俱来的，是不变的，是需要公司去发现的。文章先用一段肯定了有才能的人的存在，然后分段讲到，才能是随时间变化的，是不能被精确度量的，是可以凭努力换来的。
文章题目 Newly Hatched birds
重复年份 0430 0718 0821 0922
题材 动物
题型 暂无
文章大意 有一种通过敲击蛋壳加速蛋的孵化，并解释了同时孵化的原因。后面又比较
了各种鸟的喂食方式。
参考阅读： The changes in body weight and composition were examined in broilers that either had immediate access to feed and water or had not been fed for 48 h posthatch. Chicks without access to feed decreased in BW by 7.8% in the 48 h posthatch, which was equivalent to 5.3 kcal/45 g chick/d. However, during this period the small intestines increased in weight and protein content by 80% or more. The decrease in yolk fat and protein could account for most of the changes in body composition in the feed-deprived chick. In contrast, fed chicks grew by 5 g and used 4.5 kcal/d for maintenance; during this period small intestines increased in weight by 110%. Intestinal absorption of exogenous nutrients was determined from hatch through 4 d posthatch by administration of a bolus of labeled glucose, methionine, or oleic acid, together with a nonabsorbed reference substance. Absorption of fatty acids was more than 80% at hatch and was higher than that of glucose and methionine, which was low especially when the bolus was administered as a solution. Absorption of all components tested increased with age and was more than 80% on Day 4. Duodenal in situ uptake determinations in hatching chicks indicated that uptake of oleic acid was high from yolk and saline solutions compared with glucose and methionine, which exhibited low uptake from yolk but higher uptake from saline solutions. These studies indicate that, although the small intestine has the capacity to absorb carbohydrates and amino acids at hatch, uptake may be dependant on the development of suitable conditions, including sufficient pancreatic and brush border enzymes for digestion and adequate sodium for function of the glucose-sodium cotransporters.
......
文章题目 Egypt‘s Sunken Treasures
重复年份 20150509 20120331
题材 考古
题型 配对 4+判断+填空
文章大意 埃及一个古建筑在海底被发现了，考古学家拯救海底建筑。
参考阅读： The exhibition of Egyptian antiquities currently at the Grand Palais in Paris possesses an international importance comparable in the past 40 years only with the exhibition of Chinese art organised by Beijing at the Petit Palais in 1973. Instead of famous works of art from museums or private collections, it displays a great number of new archaeological discoveries, including some unexpected chef d'oeuvres, all but one unpublished before now. Shown first in Berlin, it has been organised by a French underwater archaeologist, Franck Goddio (Fig. 5), to present the results of well over 10 years of his research along the shores of the Nile delta. [FIGURE 5 OMITTED] During the first millennium AD, several earthquakes and floods between Alexandria and the western mouth of the Nile caused the coastline to sink into the sea along a stretch of some 30 kilometres. ThonisHeraklion, at the end of the Canopic branch of the Nile, and the neighbouring city of Kanopos-East disappeared during the 7th-8th century. The inundation of Alexandria's eastern harbour, called by the Romans Portus Magnus, occurred between the mid 4th and the early 14th centuries AD. Goddio has been assisted by a skilful team drawn from Egypt, France, Germany and elsewhere. But the vision, the will and the tenacity that have kept together the complex machinery of the enterprise are his. Now over 50, Goddio has wide experience of diving in the Pacific and the Atlantic. The results of his long underwater search presented in the Grand Palais are in many ways comparable to the rediscovery of Troy by Schliemann in the 19th century and of Tutankhamun's tomb by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter in the 1920s. It is true that among the underwater ruins that he has explored, Goddio has not recovered any gold and silver treasure comparable with the findings of Schliemann and Carter. As far as gold is concerned, the show includes only some coins, earrings, rings, amulets and crosses. However, the discovery under the sea after so many centuries of three ancient ports enables Goddio to take his place not only beside Schliemann and Carter but also
雅思阅读模拟题：Suns fickle heart may leave us cold
Sun's fickle heart may leave us cold
□ 25 January 2007
□ From New Scientist Print Edition.
□ Stuart Clark
1 There's a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise
and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as
between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model
of our star's core.
2 Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled
the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun's interior. According to the
standard view, the temperature of the sun's core is held constant by the
opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However, Ehrlich believed that
slight variations should be possible.
3 He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the
Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In , Grandpierre
and a collaborator, Gábor ágoston, calculated that magnetic fields in the sun's
core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities
would induce localised oscillations in temperature.
4 Ehrlich's model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each
other out, some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature
variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun's core temperature to
oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles
lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions
within the sun's magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle
length to the other.
5 These two timescales are instantly recognisable to anyone familiar with
Earth's ice ages: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly
every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.
6 Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle
changes in Earth's orbit, known as the Milankovitch cycles. One such cycle
describes the way Earth's orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a
slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years. The theory says this
alters the amount of solar radiation that Earth receives, triggering the ice
ages. However, a persistent problem with this theory has been its inability to
explain why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago.
7 “In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency
should change from one to another,” says Neil Edwards, a climatologist at the
Open University in Milton Keynes, UK. Nor is the transition problem the only one
the Milankovitch theory faces. Ehrlich and other critics claim that the
temperature variations caused by Milankovitch cycles are simply not big enough
to drive ice ages.
8 However, Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by
Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth. For
example, if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide
that would otherwise have found its way into the atmosphere as part of the
carbon cycle is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect and
Earth grows even colder.
9 According to Edwards, there is no lack of such mechanisms. “If you add
their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch
work,” he says. “The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work.”
This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current
theory. “Milankovitch cycles give us ice ages roughly when we observe them to
happen. We can calculate where we are in the cycle and compare it with
observation,” he says. “I can't see any way of testing [Ehrlich's] idea to see
where we are in the temperature oscillation.”
10 Ehrlich concedes this. “If there is a way to test this theory on the
sun, I can't think of one that is practical,” he says. That's because variation
over 41,000 to 100,000 years is too gradual to be observed. However, there may
be a way to test it in other stars: red dwarfs. Their cores are much smaller
than that of the sun, and so Ehrlich believes that the oscillation periods could
be short enough to be observed. He has yet to calculate the precise period or
the extent of variation in brightness to be expected.
11 Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far
from convinced. He describes Ehrlich's claims as “utterly implausible”. Ehrlich
counters that Weiss's opinion is based on the standard solar model, which fails
to take into account the magnetic instabilities that cause the temperature
fluctuations.
雅思精读，你真的知道该怎样做么
近日有学生向我反映：“老师，我发现最近练了十篇左右的精读之后，阅读速度和做题速度提高了不少。”我告诉她，“阅读技巧只是锦上添花，精读才是真正的雪中送炭。”其实无论是英文、中文还是其他语言，只有靠阅读量的日积月累，才能真正的提高阅读能力。那么，精读有什么方法，怎样做才能提高精读效率呢?
精读是需要慢工出细活的，将地道的雅思文章分析到位，不仅提高了自己的词汇量和长句分析能力，更对自己写作的布局谋篇也有着显著的辅助作用。下面我们将对如何精读做出详尽的解释。
一、精读时间
精读一定是在按照考试规定时间做完一篇文章或套题并核对完答案之后才可进行的工作。
二、精读必备物品
纸质版剑桥教材、铅笔、荧光笔、笔记本。
三、精读内容之——词
对于很多同学来说，雅思文章中的生词是心中永远的痛。大家可将句子中不认识的词，用荧光笔在原文中勾画出，同时在生词旁边标上序号，按照1、2、3顺次排列下去。
在借助字典或电子词典查阅生词之前我们需要做如下工作：
1. 判断是否可以通过上下文的时态、逻辑关系或词根、词缀猜测出生词的意思;
2. 如果不认识这个词，是否会严重影响对整个句子意思的把握——如果会影响对整个句子意思的把握，那么这个词一定要认识;但如果不影响理解句意，那可根据自己的时间安排选择是否识别记忆该单词。
在考试中，我们是没有任何外部工具用来查找单词的。因此这两个步骤不仅可以帮助我们在实践中练习和掌握猜词的方法和节奏，还可以缓和对于生词的恐惧心理。
四、精读内容之——句
对于很多考生来说，雅思阅读的句子不仅生词多而且长度也很壮观，经常搞不清楚句子中谁是什么成分、谁在修饰谁，觉得句子很难读懂。其实一切都没有大家想得那么难，对于句子的把握主要是尽力读懂句子主干。雅思阅读对于语法的考查完全不同于高中英语，不是让你在whichin whichwho that中做出选择，所以请化繁为简，读懂句子先从抓句子最简主干开始，就是搞清：谁，做了什么，这就是最简单的主谓结构。在主谓两个成分中，最好寻找的是谓语，因为谓语是由动词组成的。请大家记住谓语的“三姨太”：时态、语态、情态。找到了这三位“姨太”，一个句子的主框架就基本清晰了起来。
五、精读内容之——篇
当词、句被我们逐一攻坚之后，最后的重点就落在了段落、篇章上。当把每一句的意思读懂之后，可以划出段落的主题句，最后纵观文章的全部段落，体会文章的结构。日积月累之后，会渐渐发现并掌握雅思阅读文章结构和段落结构的规律。
例如实验说明型的文章。作者围绕实验展开讨论。先介绍实验目的、条件准备和设置，接着描述实验过程，然后预测结果，随后再揭示真实结果，如果和预测相同，则分析原因;如果和预测不符，分析原因并且进行深一步讨论。
我们用剑五第二篇Nature or Nurture 来举例。首段作者交代实验目的，研究人们是否对leader的指示会无条件遵循;第二段介绍了实验设置——用电击来惩罚犯错学生;下一段是全部实验进程;第四段，预测没人会实施到450伏的电击;第五段，揭示真实结果，超过60%的参与者都实施了450伏电击;后面三段对animal aggression instinct和social environment 这两个原因进行分析;最后一段，作者并未给出结论，只是提出This is the problem of modern sociobiology。
我们通过抓每段的段落主旨，不只是了解了文章的段落布局，更会为我们解决雅思两大超难题型---list of heading &段落信息匹配助一臂之力。
六、精读内容之——题
题目是考生拿分的关键。在精读阶段，我们可以再次细读题目，并将题目翻译出来。然后就是最关键的一步------总结同义替换，即将题目中的词汇与在文章中所对应的替换点全部找出，并记录在笔记本上。
很多学员说精读是一件太劳神的事儿，其实我们没有发现无论在学习中还是在生活中，越是劳神的事儿就越对我们帮助很大吗?刚开始练习精读的学员们不要急于求成，每天精读3-4个自然段即可，慢慢积累。精读的习惯一旦养成，并坚持下去，你会明显感觉到自己的词汇量在上升、自己对句子如何断句的敏感度在提高、自己的阅读速度在迅猛增长，做题的正确率和速度自然也是随之提升。
以上就是精读的一些方法和技巧，希望对备战雅思的你有帮助，新东方祝大家考试顺利，梦想成真。
雅思阅读：四步搞定选词类Summary考题
先来看一个雅思阅读中的经典题目。
标题：GREYING POPULATION STAYS IN THE PINK
题型分布：选词summary--句子配对题(题型种类少，填空题目多达9题，可以按照本题顺序做)
解题步骤：
一、审题
(1) 题目提醒(无提示考察哪些段落)
(2) 小标题(无小标题提示考察内容)
(3) 题型顺序(首个题型，数目多，按照首段顺序读)
二、解题
(1) 选项词性/褒贬分组
选项词性既有名词，又有形容词，更有doing结构。而且，有两组反义词falling、 increasing，earlier、 later，可分别为同一空的备用选项。
(2) 预判
对于Q14的词性及色彩预判难点在于判断首个空前is的真正主语是谁。这里涉及到长难句分析，采用括号法将句子中的修饰成分去掉，我们抽出的句子主干如下：Research ( carried out by scientists in the United States ) has shown that the proportion ( of people over 65 suffering from the most common age-related medical problems ) is ______ 这里面我们总结出一个修饰结构sth./sb. + ( doing sth. / done by sth. / 介词+名词)，括号内的部分都是修饰性结构，我们真正关注的是这些结构前面的名词。去掉括号内的结构后，我们发现我们要的答案其实在这样一个结构中 proportion is _________ 。能力比较强的同学其实还会发现14、15、16空含有并列结构 and和also，句子色彩是保持一致的。
(3) 定位
第一句话题干中有United States和65作为显性定位词，而且从首段读开始读符合常理。通过预判寻找proportion 或其替换词。原文第2段含有结构 smaller proportion满足了要求，其他部分也与刚刚划出的括号内的结构有对应。
(4) 解题
Q14中词库中falling 对 smaller 做了替换，即为答案，反映出老年人患病人口减少的情况。Q15与之用and并列，表示这种speed如何，根据并列结构‘结构相同，色彩一致’的原则，选increasing 问题不大。原文中rate 与speed 对应，rate (at which these diseases are declining )continues to accelerate. 注意括号法的使用，即使考鸭们不熟悉accelerate(加速),根据 continue 代表动作的持续加之与前面内容色彩一致,increasing依旧为答案。Q16通过than的出现判断此空为比较级，earlier, later, more都符合，题目中 be donging及in the past 的出现表明在进行今昔对比。根据色彩一致性，疾病应该对老年人影响越来越晚为好。文章中第3段最后一句通过数据比较给出了答案即later。
Q17、Q18中间用到了but衔接，难度并不大，答案依次为M 、J。需要指出的是Q19 Q20同样适用了并列结构，尤其是Q19答案词性并不是常见的to do 结构。根据我刚刚提到的并列的两部分‘结构相同’的原则，可知Q19为与changes并列的名词。Q19 Q20 答案依次为N 、K。而需要指出的是Q21不少考鸭容易误选independent, 是因为忽视了reduction 这种表示色彩正负的关键词的提示，原文与之对应的为第7段的drop。所以，会顺利选出G。最后，Q22所在句子本身定位不明显，但有明显的比较级less做定位，回到原文第7段尾句，我们找到了答案financial burden 替换为cost。
总结:
题目的本身解析如上，但我们更希望做到举一反三，为各位考鸭总结出本题涉及到的两个主要考点并列关系及比较结构(涉及到的转折及因果关系以后有机会再作分享)。
1. 并列
1)and, or, as well as, not only ... but (also)... , both ... and ... , either ... or ... , neither ... nor ...
2)also, as well, too
3)in addition to ... , apart from ...
4)one ... another... , some ... others ...
5)多逗号结构
6)分号并列结构
2. 比较
1)比较级 -er, more, less
2)数据比较
3)词汇
A. increase, rise, grow, climb, go up, soar, surge, improve
B. decrease, fall, drop, dip, decline, plunge, lessen, reduce (reduction), cut
C. the same as, be similar to, as ... as
雅思阅读全真练习系列：Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty
Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty
A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter.
B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then.
C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in , the Treaty of Nice in . And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.
D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself, and in normal circumstances, the EU’s 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and—hey presto—a new quasi-constitution will be ready.
E. According to the German government—which holds the EU’s agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007—there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. There would then be a couple of years in which it will be discussed, approved by parliaments and, perhaps, put to voters if that is deemed unavoidable. Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in -10. Europe will be nicely back on schedule. Its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.
F. The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2007 because of what is happening in national capitals. The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation. If it functions, it is because the leaders of the big continental countries want it to, reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their own countries.
G. That did not happen in 2005-06. Defensive, cynical and self-destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries—France, Italy and Germany—were stumbling towards their unlamented ends. They saw no reason to pursue any sort of European policy and the EU, as a result, barely functioned. But by the middle of 2007 all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape.
H. The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucratic momentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007. That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. The British government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe. More important, the voters will want a say. They rejected the constitution in 2005. It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2007 just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.
Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this
1.After years’ introspection and mistrust, continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2007.
2. The European consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.
3. The Treaty of Rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union, was signed in 1957.
4.It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.
5.French government will hold the EU’s presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of .
6.For a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.
Questions 7-10 Complet the following sentencces.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.
Write your answer in Boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.
7. Every four or five years, European countries tend to make a rapid progress towards ___________________by signing a new treaty.
8. The European constitution is supposed to ______________________for yet more integration of European Union member countries.
9. The bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin rashly ignore the possibility of __________________and think the new consitution will be delivered in 2009-10.
10. The politics of the three large continental countries, __________________ and the economic recovery will join together to urge the integration in 2007.
Questions 11-14 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
11. Which of the following statemnts is true of Euopean economic development.
A. The economy of Europe developed much faster than that of Asia before 2006.
B. The growth of European economy was slightly slower than that of America in 2006.
C. The development of European economy are likely to slow down by 2007.
D. The recovery of European economy may be considerably accelerated by 2007.
12. The word “immobilised” in the last line of Section C means ___________.
A. stopped completely.
B. pushed strongly.
C. motivated wholely.
D. impeded totally.
13. Which of the following statements about the treaties in European countries is NOT TRUE.
A. The Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1992.
B. The Treaty of Amsterdan was signed in 1997.
C. The Treaty of Nice was signed in 2001.
D. The Treaty of Rome was signed in 2007.
14. The European constitution failed to be ratified in 2005--2006, because
A. The leaders of France, Italy and Germany were defensive, cynical and self-destructuve..
B. The voters in two countries of the Union --France and Holland rejected the constitution.
C. The leaders of the EU thought that it was unneccessary to pursue any European policy.
D. France, Italy and Germany are the three largest and most influential euro-zone countries.
Notes to the Reading Passage
1. pan-Enropean
pan-: 前缀：全，总，泛
pan-African 全/泛非洲的(运动)
pan-Enropean全/泛欧的(机构建设)
2. outstrip
超越，胜过，超过，优于
Material development outstripped human development”“物质的发展超过了人类的进步”
3. ebb
回落跌落;衰退或消减
The tide is on the ebb.正在退潮。
4. Machiavelli
马基雅维利，尼克尔1469-1527意大利政治理论家，他的著作君主论(15)阐述了一个意志坚定的统治者不顾道德观念的约束如何获得并保持其权力。
文章中意为“任何一个人都可以看到，显而易见。。。”。
5. hey presto
突然地;立即(魔术师用语)您看，变!
6. upshot
结果;结局
精读文章是突破雅思阅读高分的必经途径。但是我们要明确，雅思阅读的精读一定是在做完题目之后进行的。目的为了查找漏洞单词，理解长难句和掌握文章结构。而不是把精读作为做阅读得一种方法，因为精读会耗费很长时间，需要逐句分析，考场上是不可能这样做的，根本来不及，因此一旦养成了先精读再做题的坏习惯，后果很严重。那下面就说说简答容易上手的精读方法
4个步骤教你精读雅思阅读文章
1.摘抄单词：准备一本笔记本，把文章里不能迅速反应中文意思的单词全部记下来(当然不包括专有名词)尤其注意里面的词组搭配，然后挨个去查字典。这个过程非常费时，非常痛苦，但是千万不要偷懒，第一眼不能想到意思的单词也要记下来，这说明掌握的还不牢固;另外一定要改掉每个单词只记一个意思的坏习惯，因为一词多义也是雅思阅读得一个考察重点。比如produce,同学们知道它有动词，生产的意思，但是在……produce is expensive.这道题中，produce却是名词农产品的意思。
2. 摘抄替换：认真分析每道题目在文章里的对应句，可能是一句话也能是多句，把题目中的考点和原文中的同意替换都整理出来，列出一个表格。这类同意替换也是所有单词中的重中之重，一定要整理下来重点记忆。
3.逐句理解，划分成分：把每句话的句子结构搞清楚，简单句找出主干，复杂句找出主从关系。先理解主干结构，再理解修饰部分。如果这一部分不会做，就要加强相关的语法知识的学习。
举个例子：
There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
分析有插入语(however)的长难句时，我们首先把插入语去掉或提前。然后我们可以看出句子真正的主干部分，是在no doubt后连接的从句中，而这个从句中有一个同学们在读文章时不易识别的结构：强调句(it is … that), 看出这个，那么这句话的主干就不难找出了，是the increasing number of applicants has led to the importance of the curriculum vitae, 即不断增加的申请人数使简历变得重要。看完主干后，紧接着看剩下的短语，我们看到applicants后面紧跟着with university education, 限定了applicants的条件，即具有大学学历的申请者，再加上一个状语的限制in the process of engaging staff, 即在员工录入的过程中，通过这样一系列的步骤后，整句话的意思就很清晰了。
4理清文章整体结构，找出每个段落主题和细节：这一步是从微观细节上升到宏观结构，大多数同学就是太关注细节，而缺少这种整体把控的能力和意识。段落结构和文章结构的有效理解对对于解heading题和段落信息匹配题尤为重要。
· 对于文章结构，我们要知道它是按时间顺序，还是提出问题和解决方案，还是呈现不同人的观点等等;
· 对于段落内部，如果有主题句，理解主题句;如果没有，尝试体会重点要表达的意思。这对于标题和信息匹配题目非常重要。
当我们能把结构理清，主题细节分辨好之后，我们真正需要阅读的内容就会大大缩短，对于我们阅读速度的提高也是很有帮助的。
以上就是精读的基本方法，重点针对“读“这一个方面。如果有细心的同学对比过雅思阅读和写作的素材，不难发现，雅思阅读得文章也是很好的大作文的素材，比如lost of words(剑4)这篇文章就是大作文里语言保护话题得优秀素材。所以同学们除了读以外，还可以根据大作文的题目进行摘抄的素材整理。
最后，精度要坚持，要精不要量，两本书就够了，虽然一开始总结单词很麻烦，但是理论上说，如果每一篇单词都掌握，那么下一篇中的陌生单词就会越来越少，因为你认识的词已经越来越多了。所以精读的速度也会越来越快，你考试看文章的速度也会越来越快。
雅思阅读材料大集合：英国超辣汉堡致5人住院
Diners are being asked to sign a waiver before eating a fiery chilli burger - after it put five people in hospital.
英国一餐厅推出的热辣汉堡已导致5人住院，现在再想吃这款“变态辣”汉堡要先签署免责声明。
The _X Hot Chilli Burger - dubbed the hottest dish in Britain - is served to over 18s only at Burger Off in Sussex.
这款被称为英国最辣的热辣汉堡，是苏塞克斯郡汉堡店Burger Off 的料理，仅卖给18岁以上的成年人。
It is topped with chilli sauce worth a staggering 9.2million on the Scoville scale - a measure of the 'hotness' of foods. In contrast, the average chilli pepper comes in at just 500 Scoville Heat Units.
热辣汉堡涂有“史高维尔辣度指标”920万的辣椒酱。“史高维尔辣度指标”是测量食物辣度的指标，普通辣椒指数仅500。
One diner was taken to hospital with a suspected perforated bowel after eating the spicy dish, while four others were admitted for treatment on the same night for suspected anaphylactic shock.
一位顾客在吃了这款热辣汉堡后疑似因肠穿孔被送往医院救治，当晚还有4位顾客疑似过敏休克入院。
Now, restaurant owner Nick Gambardella is asking customers to sign a legal disclaimer that prevents them from suing him if they fall victim to the red-hot burger.
汉堡店老板尼克·甘巴德拉为避免顾客用餐后出现不良反应起诉自己，要求顾客只有在签署了法律免责声明后方可尝试此热辣汉堡。
The document reads: 'I the undersigned accept all responsibility for any effects incured due to the consumtion of the above mentioned _X Hot Chilli Burger and release Burger Off, its owner and staff from any liability.'
声明中写道：“我签署同意，在Burger Off食用热辣汉堡所带来的一切后果责任由我个人承担，餐厅和餐厅老板、服务员免责。”
Mr Gambardella, 55, said he was 'amazed' that he was allowed to sell such a spicy burger - adding: 'It has been a massive hit with the customers'.
55岁的甘巴德拉说自己也很吃惊，居然得到了销售此款热辣汉堡的许可证，他补充道：“这在顾客中反响很大”。
'I have to admit I’ve not dared to try one of these burgers myself as they are so spicy,' he said. 'One guy came in and he was just a little bit cocky and when he left he was admitted to hospital because prior to eating the burger he had a stomach ulcerand we believe it perforated his bowel. He wasn’t in a good way but he pulled through.
“不得不承认，连我自己都不敢尝试这款热辣汉堡，因为它真的太辣了。”他说，“有位客人进店的时候还自以为是，但是离开的时候就直接入院了。在吃热辣汉堡之前这家伙就有胃溃疡，我们觉得在吃了汉堡之后他可能肠穿孔了。他还没有完全康复，但目前已经度过了危险期。”
The burger, which is on sale for only ￡3.90, features sauce based on a Piri Piri chilli concentrate, created through steaming and later infused with carbon dioxide.
这款热辣汉堡售价仅3.9英镑(约合人民币39元)，其特色在于添加其中的皮尔皮尔辣椒酱，这种辣椒酱的制作方法是先气蒸后注入二氧化碳。
So far, only 59 out of 3,000 challengers have succeeded in eating the entire dish. Many of the burger's conquerors have taken to Twitter and The Burger Off Facebook page to spread the word of their victory.
截至目前，3000名挑战者仅有59位成功吃完整个汉堡。许多挑战成功者在推特和Burger Off餐厅的脸书页面上炫耀自己的胜利。
Mr Gambardella said the burger had caused customers to adopt a number of undignified coping mechanisms, including stripping naked, begging for mercy, punching windows and vomiting.
甘巴德拉说，顾客在吃热辣汉堡时言行举止十分不雅，有的大脱衣服、有的跪地求饶、还有的捶窗呕吐。
It has also left many diners suffering from anaphylactic shock - a severe allergic reaction that can cause swelling, rashes and difficulty breathing.
大量顾客吃了热辣汉堡后过敏性休克，这种严重的过敏反应会导致肿胀、发疹和呼吸困难。
'The burgers are cooked properly - it’s the sauce that is maybe too hot to handle,' said Mr Gambardella.
甘巴德拉说：“其实汉堡烹饪是合理的。热辣汉堡这么辣，都是辣酱惹的祸。”
雅思阅读材料大集合：电影院里的骗局
In , China achieved a record-breaking high for its film industry's box-office revenues, which officially register at 21.769 billion yuan ($3.59 billion). But according to Wang Changtian, CEO of Enlight, that was at least 5 billion yuan short of the real number. Other experts put the gap at 2.4 billion, explaining the reported box-office figure at 10 percent less than the real one. That gap is someone's windfall, illegally pocketed by cinema owners and operators, professionally known as film exhibitors. And the regulating agency is getting tough on this kind of theft.
Wang Changtian has reasons to be angry. Over the Lunar New Year season that has recently wound down, he received on his microblog numerous audience reports, complete with photos, of tickets to Dad, Where Are We Going?, a runaway hit his company distributes. The tickets had no movie title printed on them or the prices printed were lower than what was actually paid by the moviegoers - all signs that the movie's revenues were not correctly registered.
The earliest manifestation of the shady practice of “box-office stealing” loomed a few years ago when individual moviegoers posted suspicious tickets online. Tickets of this type usually had movie title “A” computer-printed on it, but the printed title was scratched out by hand and title “B” written in. Fingers were pointed at the producer or distributor of title A, but more likely it was the movie theater that was behind it. The reason could be simple: Film A gives the exhibitor a larger share of the revenue than film B.
However, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Industry insiders reveal it was much worse before computer systems were installed in the nation's cinemas, and of course, before social media websites turned everyone into a potential reporter of such business deceit. As a matter of fact, some cinema investors were not even aware that they had to split their revenue with other parties. “This phenomenon started from the age of planned economy,” says Mao Yu, deputy director of the Film Bureau, a branch of the regulating agency.
But it may have turned from guerrilla tactics to larger-scale con games. For group purchases, violators would not even issue tickets, essentially not reporting a single cent of revenue from a whole screening. Since a representative of the group usually deals with the cinema, unless he or she specifically demands a printed ticket for each member of the group, all of them would be in the dark about income reporting from the cinema to the distributor.
Another trick lies in membership dues, which are often collected up front. When a paid member reimburses for a ticket, it may have only the screening room on it, and the exhibitors can choose to credit it to any movie they like, or not to any movie, in which case they pocket 100 percent of the revenue.
Some cinemas would go as far as investing in a separate point-of-sale computer system so that each ticket buyer gets the right ticket, but none of the data shows up on the centralized system. Instead, another set of credible purchase data would be put in the correct system, but with lower attendance.
Both distributors and exhibitors that I spoke to agree that cheating is much less rampant than before, say a dozen years ago, and now is mostly limited to third and fourth-tier cities. China Film Group, the nation's largest film production and distribution company, heads a consortium with several major private companies that hires 1,000 people to monitor cinemas nationwide, and Huaxia, another State-owned company, has a smaller army of 800.
However, there are situations even these sharp-eyed monitors can do little about. For example, if a cinema sells a ticket for 80 yuan, which is normal for primetime, but gives away a free popcorn, it may attribute as much as 60 yuan of the ticket price to the popcorn, leaving only 20 as the ticket price. But it can argue that 20 yuan is the minimum price for this particular film agreed upon by both sides and therefore it does not violate any rule.
A similar scheme was employed when Transformers 3 was bundled with Yang Shanzhou, a very small film with little box-office potential, making the latter into a strange film with eye-popping revenue (79 million yuan) but disproportionately fewer people who actually bothered to see it. There were sporadic online complaints about the practice even though consumers did not pay more for the package deal.
The State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, the regulating agency, announced measures in late January to curb under-reporting and cheating on box-office revenues. A special fund is set up to subsidize the upgrading of computer software at point of sale. The current system was installed in and “cannot keep up with the new situation”, in the words of Jiang Tao, director of the fund. “The new system will fix loopholes and shorten the reporting window to only 10 minutes after a sale is made instead of waiting till next noon, which is the current reporting lapse in time, which leaves room for manipulation. The national platform will be ready by May and the cinema side will complete their upgrading by October.”
Apart from putting a stamp of authorization on all sales systems, SAPPRFT insists that all film tickets carry correct prices and movie admission. But conspicuously absent are concrete penalties for violations. The software upgrade will certainly be a great help, admit distributors and exhibitors, but it may not be enough.
“The cost of violation is still too low. If you're caught under-reporting 10 tickets, all you need to do is make up for the shortfall,” says Huang Ziyan, vice-president of Le Vision Pictures in charge of sales.
Cao Yong, a manager with the Huaxing UME cinema chain, suggests that violators should have their business license revoked. “Cinemas invest tens of millions of yuan and, with punishment of this severity, it would not make sense for them to steal 80,000 or 100,000 yuan from the box office.”
Other ideas have been floated such as the use of an infra-red camera that automatically scans a movie theater for attendance. The technology has been available for eight or nine years and it claims to have 95 percent accuracy. But it has never been put into use.
Filmmakers are reluctant to stand firm when they become victims because they do not want to offend the exhibition branch of the business chain - the branch that deals directly with end users. Some say they are no longer sad at the irregularity, but have come to the stage of despair.
This time it's for real, and “we'll cleanse the industry of this illegal and irregular behavior”, says Zhang Hongsen, director of SAPPRFT's Film Bureau.
，中国电影行业票房收入创下历史新高，据官方统计，收入达217.69亿元人民币(35.9亿美元)。据光线传媒总裁王长田透露，这一数字比实际数字少了至少50亿元。还有专家认为二者之间相差24亿元，票房上报数字与实际数字之间相差至少10%。其中的差额，进了一些人的腰包，成为了放映方，即影院所有人和经营者的非法收入。监管机构开始对此类事件进行严肃管理。
王长田的气愤是有理由的。在刚刚结束的春节档期，他的微博上收到许多观众留言，并附上电影《爸爸去哪儿》的电影票照片。这部电影是光线传媒公司发行的热门影片。有的电影票上没有电影的名字，而一些电影票上标出的价格要低于观众实际购票的价格。这些都说明上报的电影收入并不真实。
几年以前，就有观众将可疑的电影票上传到网上，那时候就出现了“偷票房”的恶劣行为。电脑打出的电影票上往往标记为A电影，但后来被涂改成B。有人指责A电影出品人和发行人，而幕后的操作者更有可能是影院方面的人员。原因很简单。相比B电影而言，放映方从A影片中得到的收入更多。
但这只是冰山一角。业内人士透露，在中国电影院尚未安装电脑系统，社交网站还没有让所有人都成为此类商业骗行的潜在报道者之前，这类事件要更加严重。事实上，部分电影投资者甚至根本不知道，其他人在分享他们的收入。电影监管机构、国家新闻出版广电总局电影局副局长毛羽说，“计划经济时代就出现了这种现象”。
但是，这已经从零散的现象，变成了规模巨大的骗局。违反规定的人甚至不会给团购观众发放电影票，在整场放映中基本不上报一分钱的收入。只有团购代表会与电影院直接打交道，所以如果他没有提出特殊要求，为每一位成员打印电影票，在电影院上报给发行方的收入报告中，是不会显示团购情况的。
在会费方面也会耍手腕，因为会费是提前收取的。会员的电影票上只显示在几号放映厅，放映方可以将电影票任意对应到别的影片上，或者根本不记录会员看过电影，这样他们就可以私吞所有的收入。
一些影院投资了单独的零售电脑系统，可以让购票者买到正确的电影票，同时不会让中央系统中显示任何数据。而另外一组可信的购买数据会被输入正确的系统中，但显示的上座率较低。
我了解到的发行商和放映方都认为如今的欺骗行为较从前，就是十几年前，收敛了很多;现在只有三、四线城市会出现这样的行为。中国的电影制作和发行公司中国电影集团同数家大型私人公司共同组建并领导了一个协会，雇佣1000人监督全国的影院。另一家国有电影公司华夏电影公司也拥有一支八百人的队伍。
但是，即使是这些精明的监督者也有力所不及的情况。例如，影院出售一张80元的电影票(热映电影的正常票价)，同时赠送免费的爆米花。这时候，爆米花可能占去票价中的60元，而电影票只能占票价中的20元。电影院声称，双方商议的影片价格就是20元，因此影院没有违反任何规定。
《变形金刚3》同票房潜力很小的小制作电影《杨善洲》捆绑，让后者取得了令人震惊的票房收入(7900万元)，但是这一数字同极少量的观影人数并不相符。这是一种类似的手段。虽然消费者不会为这样的捆绑交易多付钱，但网上还是有一些对这类行为的投诉。
作为监管机构，国家新闻出版广电总局一月底公布了治理虚报、谎报票房收入的办法。成立专门基金，补贴销售点电脑软件的升级。国家电影专资办主任姜涛表示，安装于的现行系统“跟不上新情况”。
“新系统会修补漏洞，销售结束十分钟以后即结束上报窗口，而不再等到第二天中午”，延缓上报时间，会为弄虚作假留下空间。五月即将建成平台，影院方面将于十月完成升级。
除了对所有销售系统进行管理，国家新闻出版广电总局坚持要求所有电影票显示正确的价格和入场费。但没有对违反规定的具体处罚措施。发行方和放映方承认，软件更新一定会提供很大帮助，但帮助可能不够。
“违反规定的代价还是太低了。如果被发现虚报了10次票价，只需要补上缺口即可，”乐视影业市场副总裁黄紫燕说。
华星UME影城的经理曹勇建议吊销违反规定的单位的营业执照。“电影院的投资上千万，这样严厉的惩罚，会让他们觉得为了8万、10万的票房受这样的惩罚划不来。”
还有人想到其他办法，如运用可以自动扫描影院放映厅上座率的红外摄像机。未来8到9年，将可以利用这项技术，据称这项技术的准确率为95%。但现在这项技术尚未得到使用。
电影制作方在受到损失时，不愿意太过严厉，因为他们不想得罪放映方，原因在于在商业链上放映方所处的环节直接接触终端用户。一些人说不再为这样的不规矩行为感到难过，而是开始失望。
这一次真的要采取行动，“我们要肃清行业中的这类非法，违规行为”，国家新闻出版广电总局电影局局长张宏森说。
4个步骤
雅思听力如何进行精读
首先，严格按照考试要求和时间把题目做完。也就是说，你可以20分钟做完一篇文章的题目，也可以用1小时把三篇题目一气呵成。做完之后当然要对一对答案，把错误标注出来。
第二步，开始对文本进行研读。研读过程中完成两件事：第一，整理文章出现的核心词汇与话题词汇(尤其是你经常见到但是还不认识的);第二，对照中文翻译文本进行逐句研读。方法是：先看一遍英文，脑子里过一下这句英文该怎么翻译;然后去看正确的中文翻译，检视一下你的翻译与正确翻译有多大出处;最后再看一遍英文原句，理顺一下句子成分。当你完成整篇文章的逐句研读后，你对文章的细节理解应该已经非常透彻了。当然如果你还有余力，你可以分析一下句间关系和段间关系，句子之间与段落之间的衔接方法。
第三步，分析题目。当你完整把握了全文细节以及结构之后，在仔细研究每道题的出处考点以及设问方式。当然你也可以借助很多雅思参考书中的提干解析。
第四步，也是最重要的一个步骤，英译汉逐句翻译。在文章中挑选3-5段你认为理解困难度最高的段落进行“落笔逐句翻译”。不管你是写在纸上还是打在word里，这个环节都一定不能省略。你会发现，即使你已经对着翻译文本逐句进行精读了，你在逐词落笔翻译中依然会对这句话的用词、句式、成分以及整个段落构成有新的认识。
第五步，不是必须要求，但是却能够快速拔升你的阅读乃至整个英语能力：背诵段落。选取你落笔翻译过的难段进行背诵，注意背诵的目的不是为了把他们用在写作或者口语考试里，否则难度太大，也会显得很突兀。背诵过程最重要培养的是你的英语思维能力。
剑桥雅思必备词汇1
Section 1 音乐节演出
loads of 大量，许多
come across 偶然碰到
brochure n. 小册子
highlight n./v. (使)..突出
stand n. 架，台
lobby n. 大堂，大厅
flute n. 笛子
spoil v. 宠坏
refreshments n. 茶点，饮料
bargain n. 减价品
senior citizen 老年人
discount n. 打折
词汇拓展
chromatic adj. 半音阶的
diatonic adj. 全音阶的
major n./adj. 大音阶
minor n./adj. 小音阶
percussion n. 打击乐器
snare drum 小军鼓
cymbal n. 钹
tambourine n. 手鼓
castanets n. 响板
xylophone n. 木琴
gong n. 锣
wood wind instrument 木管乐器
piccolo n. 短笛
clarinet n. 单簧管;竖笛
oboe n. 双簧管
bassoon n. 巴松管，低音管
contrabassoon n. 低音巴松管
saxphone n. 萨克斯
Section 2 博物馆参观要求及活动介绍
dinosaur n. 恐龙
in regard to 关于，至于
guided tour 有导游的游览
brief v. 做简单说明
coach n. 城际巴士
foyer n. 门厅，休息室
backpack n. 背包
cloakroom n. 衣帽间
fragile a. 易碎的
handout n. 免费发放的传单
theatrette n. 小剧院
ground floor 一楼
screening n. 上映，放映
documentary n. 纪录片
habitat n. 栖息地，住处
词汇拓展
archaeology museums 考古博物馆
art museums 美术博物馆
history museums 历史博物馆
maritime museums 海洋博物馆
military and war museums 军事战争博物馆
mobile museums 汽车博物馆
natural history museums 自然历史博物馆
open-air museums 露天博物馆
science museums 科技博物馆
virtual museums 虚拟博物馆
zoological parks and botanic gardens 动、植物园
Section 3 地理实地考察方案
feedback n. 反馈
proposal n. 建议，提案
field trip 实地考察
typos n. 打字错误
layout n. 布局，设计
sequence v. 安排，排序
annotate n. 注解，注释
consequence n. 结果，后果
subheading n. 副标题
train of thought 思路
cut down 删减
format v. 编排格式
header n. 页眉
footer n. 脚注
bullet point 项目符号
be subjected to 被动地做某事
epic n. 叙述英雄事迹的电影和故事
awesome adj. 极棒的
comprehensive adj. 全面的，广泛的
sandstone n. 砂岩
plateau n. 高原
cliff n. 悬崖
erode v. 侵蚀
outcrop n. (岩层)露出地面
flock v. 聚集
indication n. 指示，表示
vegetation n. 植被
presumably adv. 大概，可能
invasion n. 侵略
penetrate v. 渗透
monolith n. 巨型独石
spire n. 尖塔，尖顶
trek v. 艰苦跋涉
vehicle n. 交通工具
词汇拓展
Africa 非洲
America 美洲
Antarctica 南极洲
Asia 亚洲
Europe 欧洲
Oceania 大洋洲
Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
Pacific Ocean 太平洋
Indian Ocean 印度洋
Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
Equator 赤道
Section 4 地理课课程介绍及知识运用
basics n. 基本原理
branch n. 分支，方面
impact n. 冲击，影响
semester n. 学期
bio-physical geography 生物物理地理学
topography n. 地形学
political geography 政治地理学
social geography 社会地理学
economic geography 经济地理学
historical geography 历史地理学
urban geography 城市地理学
migration n. 迁移
cartography n. 地图学
census n. 人口普查
disposal n. 使用，利用
pattern n. 模式，模型
confidential adj. 机密的
fold v. 折起来
atlas n. 地图册
depict v. 描绘
drawback n. 不利条件，缺点
replicate v. 复制
three-dimensional adj. 三维的，立体的
distortion n. 失真，变形
aerial photograph 航摄照片
Landsat n. 地球资源探测卫星
transmit v. 传递
词汇拓展
magnitude n. 震级
crust n. 地壳
topographical surveying 地形测量
contour 等高线地图
topping-out ceremony平顶仪式
剑桥雅思必备词汇2
Section 1 应聘酒店员工
temporary adj. 临时的，暂时的
shift n. 轮班
alternate v. 交替，轮流
generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的
uniform n. 工作服
waistcoat n. 西服的背心，马甲
midday n. 中午，正午
reference n. 推荐人，介绍人
vouch v. 替...担保
词汇拓展
resume n. 简历
recruitment n. 招聘
agency n. 中介，代理
job hunting 找工作
job hopping 跳槽
performance n. 工作表现
reward n. 奖励
benefit n. 奖金，补贴
motivation n. 积极性，动力
Section 2 广播节目-城市改造计划
councilor n. 议会议员
consultation n. 咨询
overhead adj. 头顶上的
resident n. 居民
shelter n. 遮蔽处
shade n. 树荫，阴凉
pavement n. 人行道
pedestrian n. 行人
signage n. 标志牌
intersection n. 十字路口
incorporate v. 包含
词汇拓展
monument n. 纪念碑
public lavatory 公共厕所
national highway 国道
district n. 区
residential area 居民区
urban adj. 市区的
suburb n. 郊区
outskirts n. 市郊
metropolis n. 大者肺
municipality n. 市政当局
municipal n. 市的，市政的
Section 3 讨论课程、考试、课外活动
grant n. 助学金
eligible adj. 符合条件的，合格的
sponsor v. 资助
scholarship n. 奖学金
desperate adj. 急需要的，绝望的
rehearse v. 排练
frantically adv. 疯狂地，狂热地
conductor n. 指挥
stretch v. 使全力以赴，使竭尽所能
hockey n. 曲棍球
stamina n. 耐力，体力
seminar n. 研讨会
on the same wavelength 合拍
tutorial n. (大学导师的)个别辅导时间
productive adj. 富有成效的
priority n. 优先事项
incentive n. 动力;激励，刺激
tackle v. 对付，处理
词汇拓展
instruction n. 教授，指导
cooperate v. 合作
experiment n. 实验
dissertation n. (博士)论文
angle n. 角度
semester n. 学期
ambition n. 抱负，志向
Section 4 澳大利亚原住民石刻画
aboriginal adj. 土著的
symbolic adj. 象征性的
characteristic n. 特征，特点
categorise v. 将分类
artistic adj. 艺术的
dynamic adj. 动态的，充满活力的
significant adj. 有重大意义的
depict v. 描绘，描画
static adj. 静态的
stick-like adj. 棍状的
naturalistic adj. 自然的
internal adj. 内部的
skeleton n. 骨架
curvy adj. 有曲线的;弯曲的
resemble v. 像，类似
miniature n. 微型图画
marine adj. 海洋的
prominently adv. 显著地
intrigue v. 激起……兴趣
serpent n. 蛇(尤指大蛇、毒蛇)
kangaroo n. 袋鼠
crocodile n. 鳄鱼
coincide v. 与...一致
disruption n. 崩溃，瓦解
inspiration n. 灵感
词汇拓展
archaeological adj. 考古的，考古学的
fieldwork n. 野外实地调查
contemporary adj. 当代的
interpretation n. 理解，解释
engraving n. 雕刻(术);版画
footprint n. 足迹
scholar n. 学者
mystery n. 神秘的事物
illustration n. 图解，例证
accurate adj. 精确的
identifiable adj. 可辨认的
complex adj. 复杂的
unintentional adj. 非故意的，无意的
disrespectful adj. 无礼的
priceless adj. 无价的
fragile adj. 易碎的
precious adj. 珍贵的
intact adj. 完好无损的
一、找出句子的最简主干
对于大部分烤鸭来说，英语语法是高中和大学英语学习中一个不愿触及的痛，这导致了相当一部分同学很抵触雅思阅读的一个原因是句子又臭又长，搞不清楚句子中谁是什么成分，从而有种莫名其妙的恐慌，觉得雅思阅读句子好长、好难读懂。其实一切都没有大家想得那么难，精读的第一步便是尽力读懂句子主干。大家一定要记住的关键点是——雅思阅读对于语法的考查完全不同于高中英语，不会因为该选which的时候你选了that就扣你的分，所以请化繁为简，读懂句子先从抓句子最简主干开始。如果我们把简单句的种类罗列下来，可能有同学会开始纠结主谓宾宾和主谓宾补的区别，但一钻进语法的圈套里，你就输了。其实如果我们把一个句子简化到极值，可以认为一个句子只有两种情况：1主语做了什么/主语被怎么样了 2主语是什么样的。结合Young children’s sense ofidentity的A段——
A sense of self develops in young children by degrees. The process can usefullybe thought of in terms of the gradual emergence of two somewhat separatefeatures: the self as a subject, and the self as an object. William Jamesintroduced the distinction in 1892, and contemporaries of his, such as CharlesCooley, added to the developing debate. Ever since then psychologists havecontinued building on the theory.A段的最简主干逐句分析如下：
1.a senseof self (主语)+ develops (做了什么)
2.theprocess (主语)+ be thought of (被怎么样了)
3.WilliamJames (主语)+introduced (做了什么), contemporaries (主语)+added to (做了什么)
4.psychologists(主语)+havecontinued (做了什么)
然后再看到E段中的第二句话——This second step in the development of a full sense of self is what Jamescalled the ‘self-as object’.该句的最简主干便是This second step(主语)+is ……(是什么样的)
我们会发现，其实精读的第一步真的很简单，全文每一句话都可以很快地抓住主语以及谓语动词，不管是主语做了什么还是主语是什么样的，都能非常迅速地帮助我们抓住这句话想要告诉我们关于主语的什么信息，一方面可以渐渐消除同学们对于长难句的恐慌(其实真的没有那么难)，另一方面，寻获最简主干之后，就可以进阶至下一层次的精读。
二、划出句子中的生词
对于很多烤鸭来说，句子中的生词似乎成为了阻止他们读懂句子的关键。精读的第二个步骤便是让同学们在句子中划出自己完全不认识的生词。如果整个句子没有生词，那请轻松略过此步，但如果句子中有不认识的词，可用荧光笔在原文中勾画出，并在生词旁边标上序号，按照1、2、3顺次排列下去。同时注意在借助工具查出生词意思之前，希望同学们可以做以下两个分步骤：
1.判断是否可以通过上下文或词根、词缀猜测出生词的意思
2.如果不认识这个词，是否会严重影响对整个句子意思的把握——如果会影响对整个句子意思的把握，那么这个词一定要认识;但如果不影响理解句意，那么可以根据自己的好学程度，选择是否识别记忆该单词。
这两个分步骤不但可以帮助同学们反复在实践中练习和掌握猜单词的方法和节奏、并且也可以逐步缓和同学们对于生词的恐惧心理，慢慢发现其实有些不认识的词并不影响对整句话意思的理解，所以在考试中完全不需要以读懂每一个词为目的。
例如A段第二句，The process can usefully be thought of in terms of the gradual emergenceof two somewhat separate features: the self as a subject, and the self as anobject. 在这句话里，emergence也许是生词，划出该词，并在旁边标上序号1。在有生词的情况下，请试着在语境中猜测生词的意思，甚至完全忽略生词，从而达到大致读懂句子的目的。如果生词的存在并不影响对句子的准确理解，那么生词不作强制性记忆要求;但如果生词的存在严重影响对句子的理解质量，那么请一定将这个生词的序号旁边打上星号，然后查字典，将这个词的中文意思和词性写在笔记本上。
在这里举到的例子中，不认识emergence其实并不对句子的核心意思构成威胁，所以在这句话中，该词其实并不重要，但从长期备战雅思考试的角度来看，建议同学们可以对自己要求更高些，在字典中查出该词的意思，在笔记本上标出和文章中相同的序号，誊写生词的中文意思和词性。同样，如果对自己的要求更高些，可以考虑将生词的派生词也共同积累在笔记本上，比如emerge/ emergence/ emergency/ emergent等，甚至可以将自己可以想到的这些词的近义词写在旁边，比如emerge /appear/occur等，如果不确定拼写，请借助字典。同样主动的思考是忘却的强敌，既然这里的生词是发生、出现的意思，那么完全也可以把反义词罗列在旁边，所以disappear/vanish也可以自主地补充在旁边。注不要将生词的中文意思直接写在课本上，课本上只留下荧光笔的印记和序号即可。
三、划出句子中一词多义、或不完全肯定意思的词/词组
词汇的积累一方面是从无到有，换句话说就是从完全没见过这个词进化成认识这个词;另一方面是从有到优，也就是从认识这个词但需要想一下才能记得它的意思，到熟悉、甚至掌握这个词在写作或口语中的用法。这样的积累不但能从本质上提高文章理解的质量、更能提高文章理解的速度，并且可以灵活使用在其它科目中。例如，仍然用A段第二句作为讲解示范。在这个句子中，process/subject/object其实都是很多同学掌握得并不牢靠但非常眼熟的词。如果在阅读文章的过程中，经常遇到很眼熟，但是无法瞬间反应出意思的词，建议大家还是稳妥些，用荧光笔留下记号，然后查字典，将这个词不同的词性和意思罗列在笔记本上，最好可以联系上下文在释义中选择正确的意思，并着重记忆文章中出现的意思。比如process这个词经常用作动词，处理，在这里用作名词，过程;可以尝试从词性的角度对这类词加以区分。而有些词在同一词性中，也表示为差别较大的意思，这个就需要大家从理解的角度或从自己背的最常用意思的角度去判断。比如object这个词，作为动词的意思是反对，而在本句中，由于以an object的形式出现，所以肯定是名词;而在名词中，object在雅思阅读中最常用的意思是物体、物品，其次是目的、目标，最次是宾语，再结合句子的意思，很容易判断出这里的object显然是与subject相对应的，用作物体、物品的意思。另外，如果想做得更细致些，也可以找找这些词的同义词、近义词、反义词，也可以将这些词的派生词找出来加深印象。
四、划出无生词却没有一次就读懂的句子
很多烤鸭在读文章的过程中，眼、脑的配合不协调。常常发现明明眼睛已经扫过一句话了，甚至已经大声朗读了这个句子，再问他这句话的意思的时候，还要回过头重新读一遍。其实这样一种类似“有口无心”的缺陷，可以通过不断地精读训练，慢慢纠正。生词的问题我们在之前就已经解决完了，到第四步的时候，同学们对于这个句子存在理解障碍的原因就是在句子的语法上了。同样，这里再次提醒大家，雅思阅读不需要你熟练地说出这是什么成分、那是什么语法现象，只要你能读懂句子就行。对于很多烤鸭来说，似乎这是一个死循环，总会与我辩驳：“，如果我不知道这是什么成分，那是什么语法现象，我怎么能读懂句子呢?”其实精读第一步就已经为之后的精读埋下了伏笔。除了最简主干以外，其它部分都可以理解成为补充修饰的成分。
比如C段的第一句话——Another powerful source of information for infants about the effectsthey can have on the world around them is provided when others mimic them. 除了Another powerful source of information is provided以外，其它全部都是补充修饰的成分。如果在理解上有障碍，不如静下心来慢慢琢磨。慢慢理清楚句子的顺序，理清楚词和词之间的关系。比如 information是提供给infants的information, 并且是关于effects的，而这个effects其实是infants can have on the world around them的effects, 并且是发生在others mimic them的时候。自己在读句子的过程中，如果无法理清楚词和词之间的关系，可以借助工具书，因为所有的雅思阅读真题解析都有全文翻译。对照翻译去探究自己看不懂的句子，找到自己看不懂这句话的真正原因，并将这句话抄写在笔记本上。逐渐的积累，可以帮助同学们将自己不熟悉的句子慢慢熟悉起来，从而读懂雅思阅读文章中的长句。
五、从段落结构到文章结构
当坚持做完前面的四步之后，同学们的词汇、语法都会有所提升。而最后一步其实是进阶的一步。字、词、句，到段落、 篇章。当把每一句的意思读懂之后，可以将段落的大意写在相应的段落旁边，并且可以体会段落结构，然后纵观文章的全部段落，体会文章的结构。若干篇文章读下来之后，会渐渐发现并掌握雅思阅读文章结构和段落结构的规律。精读是一件伤神费脑的事儿，但越伤神费脑，其实越说明这件事儿很重要、做这件事儿很必要。希望同学们可以将精读坚持到底。建议刚开始练习精读的同学们不要急于求成，每天精读3-4个自然段即可，慢慢积累，阅读能力的提高不是一蹴而就的事。当你养成了精读的习惯，并坚持下去，你会明显感觉到自己的词汇量在上升、自己对句子如何断句的敏感度在提高、自己的阅读速度在迅猛增长，做题的正确率和速度自然也是随之提升。
在备考雅思听力时，有两种主流练习方式有利于提高学生的综合听力能力：一是精读，大声跟读、复读;二是精听。下面我们一一解读。
雅思听力练习方法：精读、精听
一、精读：跟读模仿，培养辨析能力和反应速度
听力与学生自身发音有着莫大的关系，熟悉正确的读音与正确的听音是听力考试的关键要点。有很多学生考前辛苦刷题，大量题海战术，高强度背单词，忙活了一大圈之后却发现效果甚微，问题主要就出在练习方向上。
中国有部分地区方言发音习惯让学生对个别发音的辨识能力极低，比如L和N。简单的low也常常在学生耳朵里自动变成了no。所以在做完题之后，对听力材料的消化吸收就极为重要。
首先，梳理陌生词汇。一篇材料里整理出来的词汇具有极高的相关性，能够帮助学生串联记忆。通过对通篇材料的理解来记忆词汇还有助于学生通过熟悉语境而了解词汇的具体使用方法和背景。不仅记住，还能有意识的用起来。
下一步，模仿发音，语调。在整理完词汇之后，学生应该对 篇章能够基本理解了，不看文本开始听辨，模仿的过程。知道了内容之后，听辨是一个主动区分的过程，加深外部发音对内部认识的作用。仔细多听材料(选择发音规范的材料而非带地区口音的材料)，认真模仿，纠正自身发音缺陷，尽量与材料靠拢。
只有具备相对正确的语音语调，才能更准确，快速地理解音带里的考题内容，试想如果学生自身语音与考试中音带里的语音有很大的出入，那么必然要增加学生对考题的理解时间，听力理解的速度也随之放慢，甚至造成理解错误而丢掉分数。
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因此，突破听力的另一个重要方面就是要规范学生自身的语音，掌握英语语音特点，区分和模仿正确的语音和语调，能够听懂失去爆破，连读等语音现象。对语调的模仿也有利加深学生的语感，自然地表达，将情绪和语言相结合，一定程度上也有助于学生的口语水平提高。
二、精听：培养听力准确度和词汇拼写能力
与托福考试不同，雅思听力中有半数的考题会涉及到拼写。听懂了还不行，还要能精准的记录信息。既要能准确无误地听出某些重要的数据、年代、人名、地名及事实细节，又要兼顾把握大意的训练，这就必须将精听与泛听结合起来，交替练习，只有精泛并举，才有利于全面提高雅思听力理解能力。
在做完精读之后，精听部分有意锻炼学生将所听转化到书面的能力。精听开始前，做过精读的学生应该已经能够掌握了词汇的准确发音。通过听写，训练学生在高压下的词汇辨识能力和有意培养缩略语书写习惯。
考试中常常会遇到朗读人语速较快，或多个答案短时间内连续出现的情况。考生无法做到迅速将词语拼写出来，尤其是遇到字母较长的单词。这时，不妨使用一些缩略语甚至符号临时代替，最后书写答案时再将词语拼写完整，如：“education”可缩写成“edu”;“equal”可缩写成“=”;“market”可缩写成“mkt”(时间不够时，可以把辅音写出，以便之后还原单词的发音)。
但是使用简写必须遵循4个原则：简单;熟练;一一对应;而且可以还原。很多考生对缩略语技巧不够熟练，就盲目使用，书写答案时，经常想不起某个缩略语的对应单词，没有办法还原;有些学生甚至当场创造缩略语，之后很难再回忆出原词。所以，考生如果要想在听力考试中使用缩略语，必须在平时的训练中熟练使用，考试时才会得心应手，从容不迫。
因此，千万记得用缩略语做完速记之后，要给自己时间限制，进行文本还原。然后和官方文本进行对比，保证拼写正确性。
剑9听力必背词汇表--Test 1
总结一下剑9 Test 1中的一些重点词汇
请注意正确的发音和拼写呦~
Section 1 求职场景
vacant adj. 空缺的
advert n. 广告
interfere with 打扰，扰乱
work permit 工作许可
tutor n. 指导教师
recruit v. 招募，招聘
fringe adj. 边缘的，附加的
hostel n. 青年旅馆
perk n. 额外津贴，外快
referee n. 推荐人
词汇拓展
menu n. 菜单
celery n. 芹菜
leek n. 韭菜
cauliflower n. 花椰菜
broccoli n. 西兰花
garlic bread 蒜味面包
bacon and egg pie 培根鸡蛋馅饼
roast beef 烤牛肉
mutton n. 羊肉
pork n. 猪肉
shrimp n. 虾
take away 打包
Section 2 体育用品店介绍
custom n. 经常光顾;顾客
preview n. 试映，预演
ultimate n. 终点，顶点
retailing n. 零售业
minimalist adj. 极简抽象艺术的
autograph n. 亲笔签名
competition n. 竞争，比赛
entrant n. 参加者;参加竞赛者
fixture n. (定期定点举行的)体育活动
fitness n. 健康
cardiac adj. 心脏(病)的
muscle tone 【医】肌张力，肌肉紧张度
词汇拓展
wholesale n. 批发 adj. 批发的，大规模的
logistics n. 物流
cargo n. (船或飞机装载的)货物;负荷
container n. 容器;箱，匣;集装箱，货柜
warehouse n. 仓库，货栈;批发商店;福利库
purchase n.&v. 购买
department store 百货商店
shopping mall 购物中心
on-line shopping 网购
Section 3 国际学生介绍学习经验
seminar n. 研讨班，讲习会;研讨小组
presentation n. 陈述;报告;介绍
marketing n. 销售，经销;市场学
stressed v. 强调;给...加压力
positive adj. 积极地;肯定的
colloquialism n. 俗话，白话，口语
journal n. 定期刊物，期刊，杂志
reference n. 参考;参考书
speed-reading 快速阅读
frustrated adj. 挫败的，失意的，泄气的
词汇拓展
general English 普通英语课程
academic English 学术英语
advanced English 高级英语
intensive reading 精读
extensive reading 泛读
semantics n. 语义学;词义学
phonetics n. 语音学
linguistics n. 语言学
Section 4 关于鲸鱼和海豚集体自杀的问题
session n. 开会，会议
mass standing 集体搁浅
occurrence n. 发生，出现;遭遇，事件
parasite n. 寄生物，寄生虫
infest v. 在...上寄生，寄生于
navigate v. 导航
prey n. 被捕食的动物
squid n. 乌贼，墨鱼;鱿鱼
pinpoint v. 确定，准确地指出;精准定位
infestation n. 寄生
toxin n. 毒素
ingest v. 咽下;吸收
humpback whale 座头鲸
saxitoxin n. 【生化】蛤蚌毒素，贝类毒素
mammal n. 哺乳动物
phenomenon n. 现象，事件
词汇拓展
salmon n. 鲑鱼，大马哈鱼
sardine n. 沙丁鱼
scallop n. 扇贝;扇贝壳
sea bream 海鲷
urchin n. 海胆
seal n. 海豹
shark n. 鲨鱼
shrimp n. 虾
prawn n. 对虾，明虾
lobster n. 龙虾
mullet n. 胭脂鱼
剑8听力必背词汇表--Test 2
剑桥雅思8 Test 2,请注意正确的发音和拼写.
Section 1 保险索赔
belonging n. 所有物，财产
take out insurance 买保险
claim n. 索赔
current adj. 目前的，现在的
suburb n. 郊区
via prep. 经由
reference number 咨询号码
crack n. 破裂
cabinet n. 柜橱
towel n. 毛巾，浴巾
Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚
quote v. 开价，报价
saucer n. 茶盘托
replacement n. 替代，替换
词汇拓展
term/policy period
sum assured/insurance amount/cover 赔付费
death benefit 死亡保险金
premium 保险费
premium paying term 保险交纳期限
maturity benefit 期限利益
Section 2 农业科技园参观
amongst prep. 在...之中
remit n. 宗旨
situate v. 坐落
route n. 路线
circular adj. 圆形的
marsh n. 沼泽
poultry n. 家禽
breed n. 品种
display n. 展示
browse v. 浏览
complex n. 综合建筑物
plan n. 图纸，平面图
block n. 区域
graze v. 放牧
rectangular adj. 长方形的
out of bounds 禁止进入
nutritional adj. 营养的
broaden v. 变宽，增加
orchard n. 果园
diversify v. 使不同，使多样化
词汇拓展
accommodationcapacity 接待能力
accounting period 账户期
adventure tourism (需要一定技能的)探险旅游
affinity group 有共同兴趣、爱好的旅游组
after-departure charge 离开后付费(比如电话费，离开酒店的时候一般不收，以后再通过信用卡支付)
Section 3 澳洲小蜜蜂
quarantine n./v. 检疫，隔离
infest v. 骚扰，扰乱
microscopic adj. 极小的，极微小的
die out 灭绝
devastating adj. 破坏性极大的，毁灭性的
skeleton n. 骨骼
pellet n. 小球
moisten v. 使湿润
scrunch v. 揉皱;紧缩
eradicate v. 根除
mite n. 小虱，螨类
wipe out 消灭，彻底摧毁
pollinate v. 给...授花粉
indigestible adj. 不能消化的
cough up 咳出
词汇拓展
butterfly 蝴蝶
scorpion 蝎子
mosquito 蚊子
ant 蚂蚁
beetle 甲壳虫
cricket 蟋蟀
flea 跳蚤
moth 蛾
mantis 螳螂
roach 蟑螂
termite 白蚁
Section 4 医疗体系研究陈述
rationale n. 基本原理，原理的阐述
questionnaire n. 调查问卷
collate v. 校对，整理
implement v. 使生效，贯彻
be taken aback 吃惊，困惑
encounter v. 遇到
traceable adj. 可以追踪的
bizarre adj. 奇怪的
eye-opener n. 令人大开眼界的东西
recruit v. 招募
counteract v. 与...互动
revert v. 恢复，回到
reassurance n. 再次保证
seminar n. 讨论
substance n. 物质
词汇拓展
assignment n. 作业
assess v. 评估
sample n. 样品，抽样
random n. 随机
wording n. 措词
draft n. 草稿，初稿
presentation n. 开题报告
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