下面是小编为大家整理的雅思阅读精读别样解读（共含5篇），仅供大家参考借鉴，希望大家喜欢，并能积极分享!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“小普”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
雅思阅读精读别样解读 多精才算精?
雅思考试任一科目拿高分都绝非易事，靠的不只是答题技巧，更需要有扎实的基础。对于雅思阅读来说，剑4-12刷2篇也不能保证你拿高分，但是如果在刷题之外，再认认真真精读10-20篇阅读文章则高分则十拿九稳。
首先怎么界定你的阅读是否够“精“呢?一个简单的衡量标准就是，你学得越累，学习的效果就越好。很扎心吧，但是这个衡量方式很有道理。你学得累，证明你调动的认知资源更多，花费的精力更多，专注度更高，因此学习效果自然更好。比如一篇文章，浮光掠影的大致泛读与逐句翻译相比，当然是翻译在时间精力上的花费更大。
泛读的时候很多宝宝感觉已经读懂了文章大致，但是在逐句分析、精读、甚至背诵的时候，你就会发现词汇的用法，句子成分的分析，甚至是上下文背景的交代等细节，你还存在大量无法全面理解的知识点。这也体现出了精读的重要性。
精读的方向主要有两个，第一个是reading for learning，也就是说通过精读而让你的英语变得更好，这也是大多数宝宝在学英语中经历的环节。第二个方向是learning for reading, 也就是学习如何进行阅读，更多的是学习一些阅读方式以及技巧。这两种最常见的阅读方向分别如何进行精读呢?
雅思阅读精读方法之reading for learning
先说大家最熟悉的环节。雅思阅读的精读步骤是什么?首先，严格按照考试要求和时间把题目做完。也就是说，你可以20分钟做完一篇文章的题目，也可以用1小时把三篇题目一气呵成。做完之后当然要对一对答案，把错误标注出来。
第二步，开始对文本进行研读。研读过程中完成两件事：第一，整理文章出现的核心词汇与话题词汇(尤其是你经常见到但是还不认识的);第二，对照中文翻译文本进行逐句研读。方法是：先看一遍英文，脑子里过一下这句英文该怎么翻译;然后去看正确的中文翻译，检视一下你的翻译与正确翻译有多大出处;最后再看一遍英文原句，理顺一下句子成分。当你完成整篇文章的逐句研读后，你对文章的细节理解应该已经非常透彻了。当然如果你还有余力，你可以分析一下句间关系和段间关系，句子之间与段落之间的衔接方法。
第三步，分析题目。当你完整把握了全文细节以及结构之后，在仔细研究每道题的出处考点以及设问方式。当然你也可以借助很多雅思参考书中的提干解析。
第四步，也是最重要的一个步骤，英译汉逐句翻译。在文章中挑选3-5段你认为理解困难度最高的段落进行“落笔逐句翻译”。不管你是写在纸上还是打在word里，这个环节都一定不能省略。你会发现，即使你已经对着翻译文本逐句进行精读了，你在逐词落笔翻译中依然会对这句话的用词、句式、成分以及整个段落构成有新的认识。
第五步，不是必须要求，但是却能够快速拔升你的阅读乃至整个英语能力：背诵段落。选取你落笔翻译过的难段进行背诵，注意背诵的目的不是为了把他们用在写作或者口语考试里，否则难度太大，也会显得很突兀。背诵过程最重要培养的是你的英语思维能力。
以上就是reading for learning精读方式的5大步骤，总结起来就是做题目对答案——对照译文逐句精读——分析题目与答案——选段落笔翻译——选段背诵。
雅思阅读精读方法之learning for reading
learning for reading方向的精读方法，更加针对于阅读能力的集中提升，而非整个的语言能力。方法很简单。首先拿到一篇文章，先看它的题目，然后来个prediction，自己分析行文中可能会包括哪些内容。
举个栗子，一篇名为Jonsson’s dictionary 的文章，你尽量全面的猜测文章中会涉及到哪些内容。比如对Jonsson这个人的介绍，背景、学历、身份等，对dictionary的介绍，比如什么时候出版的，有什么特点，作者是谁，等等。
罗列出你的预测内容点之后再阅读文章，同时判断你的预测哪些在文中提到了，哪些是not given。所有你预测成功的内容，试着做一下段落matching，也就是说这些预测内容分别出现在文中的哪几段。最后有余力的宝宝们可以试试自己做一个summary，进行一下句子的改写。怎么改写?直接看学姐发给大家的雅思同义替换词学学套路。
大家发现了吗，这一系列的流程结束后，雅思阅读中的高频题型能力你都得到了提升。这也就是所谓的learning for reading。
精读也许很耗时，但是效果却很显著。学姐强烈建议备考的宝宝用心试一个月，你会看到很明显的阅读能力的提升。还等什么，动起来!
家带来的《雅思阅读精读别样解读 多精才算精?》的全部内容。想让自己的复习过程高效科学，让自己的考试从容优雅，答题速度快成闪电，正确率高过喜马拉雅，请持续关注小站雅思频道。祝与雅思一战即分道扬镳。
雅思阅读素材积累：Game lessons
It sounds like a cop-out, but the future of schooling may lie with video games
SINCE the beginning of mass education, schools have relied on what is known in educational circles as “chalk and talk”. Chalk and blackboard may sometimes be replaced by felt-tip pens and a whiteboard, and electronics in the form of computers may sometimes be bolted on, but the idea of a pedagogue leading his pupils more or less willingly through a day based on periods of study of recognisable academic disciplines, such as mathematics, physics, history, geography and whatever the local language happens to be, has rarely been abandoned.
Abandoning it, though, is what Katie Salen hopes to do. Ms Salen is a games designer and a professor of design and technology at Parsons The New School for Design, in New York. She is also the moving spirit behind Quest to Learn, a new, taxpayer-funded school in that city which is about to open its doors to pupils who will never suffer the indignity of snoring through double French but will, rather, spend their entire days playing games.
Quest to Learn draws on many roots. One is the research of James Gee of the University of Wisconsin. In Dr Gee published a book called “What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy”, in which he argued that playing such games helps people develop a sense of identity, grasp meaning, learn to follow commands and even pick role models. Another is the MacArthur Foundation's digital media and learning initiative, which began in and which has acted as a test-bed for some of Ms Salen's ideas about educational-games design. A third is the success of the Bank Street School for Children, an independent primary school in New York that practises what its parent, the nearby Bank Street College of Education, preaches in the way of interdisciplinary teaching methods and the encouragement of pupil collaboration.
Ms Salen is, in effect, seeking to mechanise Bank Street's methods by transferring much of the pedagogic effort from the teachers themselves (who will now act in an advisory role) to a set of video games that she and her colleagues have devised. Instead of chalk and talk, children learn by doing—and do so in a way that tears up the usual subject-based curriculum altogether.
Periods of maths, science, history and so on are no more. Quest to Learn's school day will, rather, be divided into four 90-minute blocks devoted to the study of “domains”. Such domains include Codeworlds (a combination of mathematics and English), Being, Space and Place (English and social studies), The Way Things Work (maths and science) and Sports for the Mind (game design and digital literacy). Each domain concludes with a two-week examination called a “Boss Level”—a common phrase in video-game parlance.
Freeing the helots
In one of the units of Being, Space and Place, for example, pupils take on the role of an ancient Spartan who has to assess Athenian strengths and recommend a course of action. In doing so, they learn bits of history, geography and public policy. In a unit of The Way Things Work, they try to inhabit the minds of scientists devising a pathway for a beam of light to reach a target. This lesson touches on maths, optics—and, the organisers hope, creative thinking and teamwork. Another Way-Things-Work unit asks pupils to imagine they are pyramid-builders in ancient Egypt. This means learning about maths and engineering, and something about the country's religion and geography.
Whether things will work the way Ms Salen hopes will, itself, take a few years to find out. The school plans to admit pupils at the age of 12 and keep them until they are 18, so the first batch will not leave until . If it fails, traditionalists will no doubt scoff at the idea that teaching through playing games was ever seriously entertained. If it succeeds, though, it will provide a model that could make chalk and talk redundant. And it will have shown that in education, as in other fields of activity, it is not enough just to apply new technologies to existing processes—for maximum effect you have to apply them in new and imaginative ways.
雅思阅读素材积累：The screw tightens
ONE can almost hear the gates clanging: one after the other the sources of funding for Europe's banks are being shut. It is a result of the highly visible run on Europe's government bond markets, which today reached the heart of the euro zone: an auction of new German bonds failed to generate enough demand for the full amount, causing a drop in bond prices (and prompting the Bundesbank to buy 39% of the bonds offered, according to Reuters).
Now another run—more hidden, but potentially more dangerous—is taking place: on the continents' banks. People are not yet queuing up in front of bank branches (except in Latvia's capital Riga where savers today were trying to withdraw money from Krajbanka, a mid-sized bank, pictured). But billions of euros are flooding out of Europe's banking system through bond and money markets.
At best, the result may be a credit crunch that leaves businesses unable to get loans and invest. At worst, some banks may fail—and trigger real bank runs in countries whose shaky public finances have left them ill equipped to prop up their financial institutions.
To make loans, banks need funding. For this, they mainly tap into three sources: long-term bonds, deposits from consumers, and short-term loans from money markets as well as other banks. Bond issues and short-term funding have been seizing up as the panic over government bonds has spread to banks (which themselves are large holders of government bonds). This blockage has been made worse by tighter capital regulations that are encouraging banks to cut lending (instead of raising capital).
Markets for bank bonds were the first to freeze. In the third quarter bonds issues by European banks only reached 15% of the amount they raised over the same period in the past two years, reckon analysts at Citi Group. It is unlikely that European banks have sold many more bonds since.
Short-term funding markets were next to dry up. Hardest hit were European banks that need dollars to finance world trade (more than one third of which is funded by European banks, according to Barclays). American money market funds, in particular, have pulled back from Europe. Loans to French banks have plunged 69% since the end of May and nearly 20% over the past month alone, according to Fitch, a ratings agency. Over the past six months, it reckons, American money market funds have pulled 42% of their money out of European banks. European money market funds, too, continue to reduce their exposure to France, Italy and Spain, according to the latest numbers from Fitch.
Interbank markets, in which banks lend to one another, are now also showing signs of severe strain. Banks based in London are paying the highest rate on three month loans since (compared with a risk-free rate). Banks are also depositing cash with the ECB for a paltry, but risk-free rate instead of making loans.
That leaves retail and commercial deposits, and even these may have begun to slip away. “We are starting to witness signs that corporates are withdrawing deposits from banks in Spain, Italy, France and Belgium,” an anlayst at Citi Group wrote in a recent report. “This is a worrying development.”
With funding ever harder to come by, banks are resorting to the financial industry's equivalent of a pawn broker: parking assets on repo markets or at the central bank to get cash. “We have no alternative to deposits and the ECB,” says a senior executive at one European bank.
So far the liquidity of the European Central Bank (ECB) has kept the system alive. Only one large European bank, Dexia, has collapsed because of a funding shortage. Yet what happens if banks run out of collateral to borrow against? Some already seem to scrape the barrel. The boss of UniCredit, an Italian bank, has reportedly asked the ECB to accept a broader range of collateral. And an increasing number of banks are said to conduct what is known as “liquidity swaps”: banks borrow an asset that the ECB accepts as collateral from an insurer or a hedge fund in return for an ineligible asset—plus, of course, a hefty fee.
The risk of all this is two-fold. For one, banks could stop supplying credit. To some extent, this is already happening. Earlier this week Austria's central bank instructed the country's banks to limit cross-border lending. And some European banks are not just selling foreign assets to meet capital requirements, but have withdrawn entirely from some markets, such as trade finance and aircraft leasing.
Secondly and more dangerously, as banks are pushed ever closer to their funding limits, one or more may fail—sparking a wider panic. Most bankers think that the ECB would not allow a large bank to fail. But the collapse of Dexia in October after it ran out of cash suggests that the ECB may not provide unlimited liquidity. The falling domino could also be a “shadow” bank that cannot borrow from the ECB.
Europe's leaders are certainly aware of the dangers—and are working on solutions. But it would not be the first time that their efforts are overtaken by events.
雅思阅读的精读训练真的没有效果么?
怎么读才是精读?
精读意味着仔细读，认真读，读到骨头里，不要只查查词，看看句子意思。如果是这样, 这还没达到精读的深度。
举个例子 513
For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.
精读的步骤
第一步 从词汇(单词, 短语)入手：把句子里的单词(主要是动词，形容词，副词)这三类词达到认知程度, 拓展同义词,派生词等，因为根据雅思阅读考点的出现频率看，这三类词最容易被替换。如果时间允许，再看看名词里的抽象名词，物质名词采取猜词技巧可以解决。 例如以上的句子：
动词：
run out(拓展 exhaust/use up, 例如832 );
grow(拓展growth/increase/progress….例如441);
leave(拓展不仅表示“留下来，离开的意思，还可以表示使处于某种状态, 例如721);
eat(拓展 feed, 例如412);
extinct(拓展extinction/die out 例如513);
pollute(拓展 pollution/pollutant 例如532);
形容词和副词：worse; main; natural; less; vast;
名词：environmentalist; fear; resource; population; species; planet;
第二步 从语法结构入手：分清句子的主谓宾或主系表;如果是复合句或长难句，拆分成简单句;例如: They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that …..; that ……..; that…….., and that ……….. 此句后面的冒号是解释说明,后面有四个小分句;
第三步 从段落结构入手: 分析段落内的连贯和衔接关系,并分析段落中的句子是如何衔接的. 例如: 以上的段落是总分结构 总: For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. 分: They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that …; that …..; that .,…., and that …..
第四步 试着用不同的单词，不同的语法结构进行改写(paraphrase)，这个步骤称为“二度创作” 。刚开始训练时比较痛苦，因为在脑海中要搜寻学过的东西加以整理，这本身就是一个需要思考的过程。等训练多了形成自己的思维体系及语言表达能力后，输出改写就会得心应手了。例如上一段的改写
A number of environmentalists hold a pessimistic view of the earth. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are exhausted; that the number of people is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that a vast number of species are dying out, and that air and water are polluted more seriously.
(2)RE精读策略
re是前缀, 意思是重复. RE精读策略意味着反复精读. 根据人类大脑记忆规律, 刚刚记完的知识记住了100%, 过了20分之后剩下58.2%................我们要进行二次精读, 三次精读…….. 直到读透为止. 古人云: “温故而知新”, 读第一遍和读第二遍对文章的理解是不同的, 读第一遍时,有的学生可能只记得个别单词,短语等; 读第二遍可能对句子之间的关系, 段落结构, 篇章结构就有了更深层次的理解.
(3)“瞻前顾后”的学习方法
我们尽量利用”瞻前顾后”的方法把当前学到的单词,短语等与之前精读文章里的单词短语等联系起来, 达到融会贯通, 触类旁通. 学习是输入和输出并行的过程, 输入就是学习者由外到内获取语言知识，精读就是很好的输入方式;输出就是学习者将所学的知识由内而外的再现过程。精读这个过程是输入, 输入后要消化, 吸收, 然后输出，这样才是个完整的学习过程. 如果只有输入, 没有输出, 会影响学习效果.
雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析
1. A European spacecraft took off today to spearhead the search for another “Earth” among the stars.
2. The Corot space telescope blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan shortly after 2.20pm.
3. Corot, short for convection rotation and planetary transits, is the first instrument capable of finding small rocky planets beyond the solar system. Any such planet situated in the right orbit stands a good chance of having liquid water on its surface, and quite possibly life, although a leading scientist involved in the project said it was unlikely to find “any little green men”.
4. Developed by the French space agency, CNES, and partnered by the European Space Agency (ESA), Austria, Belgium, Germany, Brazil and Spain, Corot will monitor around 120,000 stars with its 27cm telescope from a polar orbit 514 miles above the Earth. Over two and a half years, it will focus on five to six different areas of the sky, measuring the brightness of about 10,000 stars every 512 seconds.
5. “At the present moment we are hoping to find out more about the nature of planets around stars which are potential habitats. We are looking at habitable planets, not inhabited planets. We are not going to find any little green men,” Professor Ian Roxburgh, an ESA scientist who has been involved with Corot since its inception, told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme.
6. Prof Roxburgh said it was hoped Corot would find “rocky planets that could develop an atmosphere and, if they are the right distance from their parent star, they could have water”.
7. To search for planets, the telescope will look for the dimming of starlight caused when an object passes in front of a star, known as a “transit”. Although it will take more sophisticated space telescopes planned in the next 10 years to confirm the presence of an Earth-like planet with oxygen and liquid water, Corot will let scientists know where to point their lenses.
8. Measurements of minute changes in brightness will enable scientists to detect giant Jupiter-like gas planets as well as small rocky ones. It is the rocky planets - that could be no bigger than about twice the size of the Earth - which will cause the most excitement. Scientists expect to find between 10 and 40 of these smaller planets.
9. Corot will also probe into stellar interiors by studying the acoustic waves that ripple across the surface of stars, a technique called “asteroseismology”.
10. The nature of the ripples allows astronomers to calculate a star’s precise mass, age and chemical composition.
11. “A planet passing in front of a star can be detected by the fall in light from that star. Small oscillations of the star also produce changes in the light emitted, which reveal what the star is made of and how they are structured internally. This data will provide a major boost to our understanding of how stars form and evolve,” Prof Roxburgh said.
12. Since the discovery in 1995 of the first “exoplanet” - a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun - more than 200 others have been found by ground-based observatories.
13. Until now the usual method of finding exoplanets has been to detect the “wobble” their gravity imparts on parent stars. But only giant gaseous planets bigger than Jupiter can be found this way, and they are unlikely to harbour life.
14. In the s, ESA plans to launch Darwin, a fleet of four or five interlinked space telescopes that will not only spot small rocky planets, but analyse their atmospheres for signs of biological activity.
15. At around the same time, the US space agency, Nasa, will launch Terrestrial Planet Finder, another space telescope designed to locate Earth-like planets. Choose the appropriate letter from A-D for question 1.
1. Corot is an instrument which
(A) can help to search for certain planets
(B) is used to find planets in the orbit
(C) can locate planets with human beings
(D) can spot any planets with water.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 2-5 write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contraicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
2. Scientists are trying to find out about the planets that can be inhabited.
3. BBC Radio 4 recently focuses on the broadcasting of Corot.
4. Passing objects might cause a fall in light.
5. Corot can tell whether there is another Earth-like planet.
雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析
1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.
2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.
3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques.
4. One of the country's leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. “In principle, you've got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy,” he said.
5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body's local immune system. “If a cancer doesn't do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel.”
6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. “They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process,” said Prof Seymour.
7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. “It's an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we've had before.”
8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.
9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body's immune system destroying them on the way.
10. “What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it,” he said.
11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.
12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. “There's an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases,” said Prof Seymour.
13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.
14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.
Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.
2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.
3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.
4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.
5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.
6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.
Question 7-9 Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.
7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found
(A) on TV
(B) in magazines
(C) on internet
(D) in newspapers
8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to
(A) change the body’ immune system
(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.
(C) increase the amount of injection
(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.
9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies
(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.
(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.
(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.
(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.
Questions 10-13 Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.
NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.
In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers
Questions 10-13 Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.
NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.
In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers
List of Words
dosage responding smallpox virus
disable natural ones inject
directed treatment cold-like illness
kill patients examined
Answers Keys:
1.答案：FALSE (见第2段：If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。)
2.答案：TRUE (见第3段，特别是最后一句： Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques. )
3. 答案：NOT GIVEN (文中没有提到virus可以抑制肿瘤细胞再生长)
4. 答案：TRUE (见第5段第3、4句： 这里“cancer’s Achilles' heel”指 “If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating.” Achilles' heel的意思是“唯一致命弱点”)
5. 答案：FALSE (见第6段第第1句：Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.)
6. 答案：TRUE (见第7段：Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. ……, which could be quite different to anything we've had before.“ )
7. 答案：B (见第8段第1、2句：Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. Journal意思是“日报、期刊、杂志”)
8. 答案：D (见第9段第1句：Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, …… “mask”的意思是“掩盖、隐蔽、伪装”， 在这里和 “disguise”同义。)
9. 答案：B (见第11段第2句： If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.. “mop up”这里与 “wipe out” 同义，意思是“消灭、歼灭”。)
10.答案：disable (见第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )
11. 答案：natural ones (见第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )
12. 答案：dosage (见第14段第1句：The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed.)
13. 答案：directed (见第14段最后1句：Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, …)
雅思精读，你真的知道该怎样做么
近日有学生向我反映：“老师，我发现最近练了十篇左右的精读之后，阅读速度和做题速度提高了不少。”我告诉她，“阅读技巧只是锦上添花，精读才是真正的雪中送炭。”其实无论是英文、中文还是其他语言，只有靠阅读量的日积月累，才能真正的提高阅读能力。那么，精读有什么方法，怎样做才能提高精读效率呢?
精读是需要慢工出细活的，将地道的雅思文章分析到位，不仅提高了自己的词汇量和长句分析能力，更对自己写作的布局谋篇也有着显著的辅助作用。下面我们将对如何精读做出详尽的解释。
一、精读时间
精读一定是在按照考试规定时间做完一篇文章或套题并核对完答案之后才可进行的工作。
二、精读必备物品
纸质版剑桥教材、铅笔、荧光笔、笔记本。
三、精读内容之——词
对于很多同学来说，雅思文章中的生词是心中永远的痛。大家可将句子中不认识的词，用荧光笔在原文中勾画出，同时在生词旁边标上序号，按照1、2、3顺次排列下去。
在借助字典或电子词典查阅生词之前我们需要做如下工作：
1. 判断是否可以通过上下文的时态、逻辑关系或词根、词缀猜测出生词的意思;
2. 如果不认识这个词，是否会严重影响对整个句子意思的把握——如果会影响对整个句子意思的把握，那么这个词一定要认识;但如果不影响理解句意，那可根据自己的时间安排选择是否识别记忆该单词。
在考试中，我们是没有任何外部工具用来查找单词的。因此这两个步骤不仅可以帮助我们在实践中练习和掌握猜词的方法和节奏，还可以缓和对于生词的恐惧心理。
四、精读内容之——句
对于很多考生来说，雅思阅读的句子不仅生词多而且长度也很壮观，经常搞不清楚句子中谁是什么成分、谁在修饰谁，觉得句子很难读懂。其实一切都没有大家想得那么难，对于句子的把握主要是尽力读懂句子主干。雅思阅读对于语法的考查完全不同于高中英语，不是让你在which\in which\who \that中做出选择，所以请化繁为简，读懂句子先从抓句子最简主干开始，就是搞清：谁，做了什么，这就是最简单的主谓结构。在主谓两个成分中，最好寻找的是谓语，因为谓语是由动词组成的。请大家记住谓语的“三姨太”：时态、语态、情态。找到了这三位“姨太”，一个句子的主框架就基本清晰了起来。
五、精读内容之——篇
当词、句被我们逐一攻坚之后，最后的重点就落在了段落、篇章上。当把每一句的意思读懂之后，可以划出段落的主题句，最后纵观文章的全部段落，体会文章的结构。日积月累之后，会渐渐发现并掌握雅思阅读文章结构和段落结构的规律。
例如实验说明型的文章。作者围绕实验展开讨论。先介绍实验目的、条件准备和设置，接着描述实验过程，然后预测结果，随后再揭示真实结果，如果和预测相同，则分析原因;如果和预测不符，分析原因并且进行深一步讨论。
我们用剑五第二篇Nature or Nurture 来举例。首段作者交代实验目的，研究人们是否对leader的指示会无条件遵循;第二段介绍了实验设置——用电击来惩罚犯错学生;下一段是全部实验进程;第四段，预测没人会实施到450伏的电击;第五段，揭示真实结果，超过60%的参与者都实施了450伏电击;后面三段对animal aggression instinct和social environment 这两个原因进行分析;最后一段，作者并未给出结论，只是提出This is the problem of modern sociobiology。
我们通过抓每段的段落主旨，不只是了解了文章的段落布局，更会为我们解决雅思两大超难题型---list of heading &段落信息匹配助一臂之力。
六、精读内容之——题
题目是考生拿分的关键。在精读阶段，我们可以再次细读题目，并将题目翻译出来。然后就是最关键的一步------总结同义替换，即将题目中的词汇与在文章中所对应的替换点全部找出，并记录在笔记本上。
很多学员说精读是一件太劳神的事儿，其实我们没有发现无论在学习中还是在生活中，越是劳神的事儿就越对我们帮助很大吗?刚开始练习精读的学员们不要急于求成，每天精读3-4个自然段即可，慢慢积累。精读的习惯一旦养成，并坚持下去，你会明显感觉到自己的词汇量在上升、自己对句子如何断句的敏感度在提高、自己的阅读速度在迅猛增长，做题的正确率和速度自然也是随之提升。
以上就是精读的一些方法和技巧，希望对备战雅思的你有帮助，新东方祝大家考试顺利，梦想成真。
雅思阅读：四步搞定选词类Summary考题
先来看一个雅思阅读中的经典题目。
标题：GREYING POPULATION STAYS IN THE PINK
题型分布：选词summary--句子配对题(题型种类少，填空题目多达9题，可以按照本题顺序做)
解题步骤：
一、审题
(1) 题目提醒(无提示考察哪些段落)
(2) 小标题(无小标题提示考察内容)
(3) 题型顺序(首个题型，数目多，按照首段顺序读)
二、解题
(1) 选项词性/褒贬分组
选项词性既有名词，又有形容词，更有doing结构。而且，有两组反义词falling、increasing，earlier、later，可分别为同一空的备用选项。
(2) 预判
对于Q14的词性及色彩预判难点在于判断首个空前is的真正主语是谁。这里涉及到长难句分析，采用括号法将句子中的修饰成分去掉，我们抽出的句子主干如下：Research ( carried out by scientists in the United States ) has shown that the proportion ( of people over 65 suffering from the most common age-related medical problems ) is ______ 这里面我们总结出一个修饰结构sth./sb. + ( doing sth. / done by sth. / 介词+名词)，括号内的部分都是修饰性结构，我们真正关注的是这些结构前面的名词。去掉括号内的结构后，我们发现我们要的答案其实在这样一个结构中 proportion is _________ 。能力比较强的同学其实还会发现14、15、16空含有并列结构 and和also，句子色彩是保持一致的。
(3) 定位
第一句话题干中有United States和65作为显性定位词，而且从首段读开始读符合常理。通过预判寻找proportion 或其替换词。原文第2段含有结构 smaller proportion满足了要求，其他部分也与刚刚划出的括号内的结构有对应。
(4) 解题
Q14中词库中falling 对 smaller 做了替换，即为答案，反映出老年人患病人口减少的情况。Q15与之用and并列，表示这种speed如何，根据并列结构‘结构相同，色彩一致’的原则，选increasing 问题不大。原文中rate 与speed 对应，rate (at which these diseases are declining )continues to accelerate. 注意括号法的使用，即使考鸭们不熟悉accelerate(加速),根据 continue 代表动作的持续加之与前面内容色彩一致,increasing依旧为答案。Q16通过than的出现判断此空为比较级，earlier, later, more都符合，题目中 be donging及in the past 的出现表明在进行今昔对比。根据色彩一致性，疾病应该对老年人影响越来越晚为好。文章中第3段最后一句通过数据比较给出了答案即later。
Q17、Q18中间用到了but衔接，难度并不大，答案依次为M 、J。需要指出的是Q19 Q20同样适用了并列结构，尤其是Q19答案词性并不是常见的to do 结构。根据我刚刚提到的并列的两部分‘结构相同’的原则，可知Q19为与changes并列的名词。Q19 Q20 答案依次为N 、K。而需要指出的是Q21不少考鸭容易误选independent, 是因为忽视了reduction 这种表示色彩正负的关键词的提示，原文与之对应的为第7段的drop。所以，会顺利选出G。最后，Q22所在句子本身定位不明显，但有明显的比较级less做定位，回到原文第7段尾句，我们找到了答案financial burden 替换为cost。
总结:
题目的本身解析如上，但我们更希望做到举一反三，为各位考鸭总结出本题涉及到的两个主要考点并列关系及比较结构(涉及到的转折及因果关系以后有机会再作分享)。
1. 并列
1)and, or, as well as, not only ... but (also)... , both ... and ... , either ... or ... , neither ... nor ...
2)also, as well, too
3)in addition to ... , apart from ...
4)one ... another... , some ... others ...
5)多逗号结构
6)分号并列结构
2. 比较
1)比较级 -er, more, less
2)数据比较
3)词汇
A. increase, rise, grow, climb, go up, soar, surge, improve
B. decrease, fall, drop, dip, decline, plunge, lessen, reduce (reduction), cut
C. the same as, be similar to, as ... as
雅思阅读全真练习系列：Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty
Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty
A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in . Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter.
B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then.
C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in , the Treaty of Nice in . And in they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.
D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself, and in normal circumstances, the EU’s 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and—hey presto—a new quasi-constitution will be ready.
E. According to the German government—which holds the EU’s agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007—there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. There would then be a couple of years in which it will be discussed, approved by parliaments and, perhaps, put to voters if that is deemed unavoidable. Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in -10. Europe will be nicely back on schedule. Its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.
F. The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2007 because of what is happening in national capitals. The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation. If it functions, it is because the leaders of the big continental countries want it to, reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their own countries.
G. That did not happen in 2005-06. Defensive, cynical and self-destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries—France, Italy and Germany—were stumbling towards their unlamented ends. They saw no reason to pursue any sort of European policy and the EU, as a result, barely functioned. But by the middle of 2007 all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape.
H. The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucratic momentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007. That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. The British government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe. More important, the voters will want a say. They rejected the constitution in 2005. It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2007 just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.
Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this
1.After years’ introspection and mistrust, continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2007.
2. The European consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.
3. The Treaty of Rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union, was signed in 1957.
4.It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.
5.French government will hold the EU’s presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of .
6.For a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.
Questions 7-10 Complet the following sentencces.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.
Write your answer in Boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.
7. Every four or five years, European countries tend to make a rapid progress towards ___________________by signing a new treaty.
8. The European constitution is supposed to ______________________for yet more integration of European Union member countries.
9. The bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin rashly ignore the possibility of __________________and think the new consitution will be delivered in 2009-10.
10. The politics of the three large continental countries, __________________ and the economic recovery will join together to urge the integration in 2007.
Questions 11-14 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
11. Which of the following statemnts is true of Euopean economic development.
A. The economy of Europe developed much faster than that of Asia before 2006.
B. The growth of European economy was slightly slower than that of America in 2006.
C. The development of European economy are likely to slow down by 2007.
D. The recovery of European economy may be considerably accelerated by 2007.
12. The word “immobilised” in the last line of Section C means ___________.
A. stopped completely.
B. pushed strongly.
C. motivated wholely.
D. impeded totally.
13. Which of the following statements about the treaties in European countries is NOT TRUE.
A. The Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1992.
B. The Treaty of Amsterdan was signed in 1997.
C. The Treaty of Nice was signed in 2001.
D. The Treaty of Rome was signed in 2007.
14. The European constitution failed to be ratified in 2005--2006, because
A. The leaders of France, Italy and Germany were defensive, cynical and self-destructuve..
B. The voters in two countries of the Union --France and Holland rejected the constitution.
C. The leaders of the EU thought that it was unneccessary to pursue any European policy.
D. France, Italy and Germany are the three largest and most influential euro-zone countries.
Notes to the Reading Passage
1. pan-Enropean
pan-: 前缀：全，总，泛
pan-African 全/泛非洲的(运动)
pan-Enropean全/泛欧的(机构建设)
2. outstrip
超越，胜过，超过，优于
Material development outstripped human development”“物质的发展超过了人类的进步”
3. ebb
回落跌落;衰退或消减
The tide is on the ebb.正在退潮。
4. Machiavelli
马基雅维利，尼克尔1469-1527意大利政治理论家，他的著作君主论(15)阐述了一个意志坚定的统治者不顾道德观念的约束如何获得并保持其权力。
文章中意为“任何一个人都可以看到，显而易见。。。”。
5. hey presto
突然地;立即(魔术师用语)您看，变!
6. upshot
结果;结局
剑雅真题实例解析 ,雅思阅读逻辑关系
在雅思阅读的比较逻辑关系中，比较级是常见的论证方式，但是类比和对比也是英语文章中非常常见的论证手段，一般涉及到单个事物或若干个事物之间的比较，但这两种方法却有着本质上的不同。
类比(compare)强调两个对象的相似点，比如A和B的相同点是什么。而对比(contrast)则强调两个对象的不同点，比如A很高B却很低。
接下来，让我们从剑桥真题中看看，有哪些考点会涉及到类比和对比。
类比连接词
similarly, be similar to, as, like, alike，likewise, corresponding to, equal, identical, same, by the same token, the same is true of , in the same way, resemble，agree，share，harmony，compare to/with …, comparable
例题1 题目 C521 Q1 填空
Some plastics behave in a similar way to __________ in that they melt under heat and can be moulded into new forms.
文章 P2
Some are ‘thermoplastic’, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can be reshaped.
翻译 ：
有些塑料是“热塑型”的，这意味着，它们像蜡烛一样，会在加热时会融化，然后就可以重新塑形。
解析：
定位后，利用题中类比词in a similar way to, 可以找到文中对应词like, 也就是统一替换，答案就是candlewax了。
例题2 题目 C442 Q27 填空
However, as archaeologists do not try to influence human behaviour, the writer compares their style of working to that of a __________.
文章 Last Paragraph：
The objects the archaeologists discover, on the other hand, tell us nothing directly in themselves. In this respect, the practice of the archaeologist is rather like that of the scientist, who collects data, conducts experiments, formulates a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis against more data…
翻译 ：
另一方面，考古学家发现的这些物体本身并没有告诉我们什么。 从这个方面说来，考古学家的实践经历跟科学家非常像，他们收集数据，操作实验，制定假说，用假说检验更多的数据。
解析：
审题时重点关注题中类比词compare ... to …，定位后，可以找到文中替换词rather like, 答案即 scientist。
例题3 题目 C10’11 Q11 表格填空
Looks more like a __________ than a well.
文章 ：
It actually resembles a tank (kund means reservoir or pond) rather than a well, but displays the hallmarks of step well architecture, including four sides of steps that decend to the bottom in a stunning geometrical formation.
翻译 ：
它实际上长的像一个水库(kund意味着水库或池塘)而不是一个井，但却展示了梯井结构的特点，包括下降到底部的四个阶梯面，这四面拥有着绝美的几何对称图案。
解析：
审题时关注类比词like，定位后，发现resemble，意思相当于look like, 答案呼之欲出 tank.
.对比连接词
while, however, nevertheless，otherwise，whereas, in contrast, on the contrary, rather than, instead of, conversely, unlike，different, incompatible, conflicting, change, vary, in opposition to, distinguish...from.. ，be distinct from sth…
例题1 题目 C10’23 Q37 判断
The approach of art historians conflicts with that of art museums.
文章 ：
Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialised academic approach devoted to discovering the meaning of art within the cultural context of its time. This is in perfect harmony with the museum’s function.
翻译 ：
因此，主流的批判方法成为艺术史学家的批判方式，这是一种专门的学术方法，致力于发现在当时的文化背景下艺术的意义。这与博物馆的功能达到了完美一致。
解析：
审题时获取考点词conflict，正是对比连接词，定位后发现in harmony with，意思是“与……协调、一致”，所以二者并非矛盾，而是一致的，因此答案选NO。
例题2 题目 C11’32 Q18 判断
Dingle’s aim is to distinguish between the migratory behaviours of different species.
文章 ：
The value of his definition, Dingle argues, is that it focuses attention on what the phenomenon of wildebeest migration shares with the phenomenon of the aphids, and therefore helps guide researchers towards understanding how evolution has produced them all.
翻译 ：
Dingle认为，他定义的价值在于它将注意力集中于在牛羚迁徙现象与蚜虫迁徙现象的共同点上，因而有助于指导研究人员了解进化是如何将它们制造出来的。
解析：
审题关注到判断题对比词aim is to distinguish， 定位后，对应到原文中的focuses attention on，发现类比词share，表示“共享，公用”，与题目的distinguish“区分”意思冲突，所以答案选择FALSE。
一般来说，阅读方面通过句子意思、句子关系、段落意思、段落关系的方法来理解文章的逻辑和要表达的观点非常关键。
关于逻辑关系的利用在剑桥真题实例不胜枚举，雅思阅读当中涉及到的比较级考点的题目还是很多的，建议大家在平时训练的时候，认真分析、总结并利用这些策略。
雅思阅读模拟练习及答案
Rogue theory of smell gets a boost
1. A controversial theory of how we smell, which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics, has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists.
2. Calculations by researchers at University College London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involved.
3. That's still some way from proving that the theory, proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin, is correct. But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously.
4. ”This is a big step forward,“ says Turin, who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virginia. He says that since he published his theory, ”it has been ignored rather than criticized.“
5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules, which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular 'lock and key' process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body's detection systems: it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders, for example, and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.
6. But Turin argued that smell doesn't seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols, which smell like spirits, and thiols, which smell like rotten eggs. And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly, some molecules can smell different — to animals, if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass).
7. Turin's explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule's shape, but by its vibrations, which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain.
8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different: their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin's mechanism, says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team, is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock.
9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. ”The question is whether this is possible in the nose,“ says Stoneham's colleague, Andrew Horsfield.
10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin's idea, while Turin was himself based at UCL, ”I didn't believe it“. But, he adds, ”because it was an interesting idea, I thought I should prove it couldn't work. I did some simple calculations, and only then began to feel Luca could be right.“ Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly, in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters.
11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known, but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort.
12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible.
13. But Horsfield stresses that that's different from a proof of Turin's idea. ”So far things look plausible, but we need proper experimental verification. We're beginning to think about what experiments could be performed.“
14. Meanwhile, Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. ”At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations,“ he says. ”Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition." At the very least, he is putting his money where his nose is.
雅思阅读模拟练习及答案。
From The Economist print edition
How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales
1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is， how ants， bees or any social animal， including humans， behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.
2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information， and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.
4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.
5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could， indeed， be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded， they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.
6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.
7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.
Questions 1-6
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.
2. In shops， products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.
3. According to Mr. Usmani， with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.
4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store， shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.
5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.
6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.
Questions 7-12
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contraicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.
8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.
9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.
10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.
11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.
12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.
Answer keys：
1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)
2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)
3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)
4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)
5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)
6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)
7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短语 “get under way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的试验要等到春天才开始)
8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中没有提及该信息)
9. 答案：YES。 (第5段第3 句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded， they followed the crowd.)
10. 答案：NO。 (第5段最后两句：When the songs are not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. pronounced 的词义是“显著的、明显的”)
11. 答案：YES。 (第6段第1 句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)
12. 答案：YES。 (最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm. home应该算是everyday life的一部分
雅思阅读题源精读
今天克里老师专门挑选了和雅思阅读考试篇章非常贴合的一篇文章，并且也是雅思阅读选取文章重要来源之一的有名外刊--‘The Economist’，并且找到了其中一篇关于人工智能(artificial intelligence)的文章节选，来进行解析和学习。
接下来这段话，主要讲了作者结合实际情况，表达了自己对AI的看法：
The thing to remember about the next decade is that current AI can't even read; it also can't reason.
(对于AI技术下一个十年的发展，我们可以确定的是，现阶段的AI技术，依然还是不能够进行有效的阅读和推理)
Four years ago, machine-learning pioneer Geoffrey Hinton said that radiologists would lose their jobs in five or ten years; radiologists got really scared, a lot of people stopped studying radiology.
(四年前，人工智能行业内的先驱GH说过，放射科医生会在五到十年内失去他们的工作，这使得很多从事相关领域的人感到担忧，也导致很多人停止了对放射学的研究和学习)
So far? Not one radiologist has actually been replaced.
(但是到现在为止，没有一个放射科医生被人工智能所替代)
Radiology isn't just about looking at images
(因为放射学不仅仅只是关于看图像这么简单),
it's also about reading (patient histories) and reasoning (about how to put words and images together) and machines can't yet do that reliably.
(它还包括了阅读和处理信息的能力，这主要体现在研究和了解研究病人的过往病史，以及如何利用推理能力将图像信息成功的用文字表达出来，然而，现在的人工智能机器并不能有效地做到这个程度)
What we have now are our new tools that can help radiologists, not radiologists-in-a-box.
(所以，我们现在能看到的，是放射科医生利用更多先进和新发明出来的仪器工具来辅助自己完成工作，而不是一个机器的人工智能医生)
从这段话来看，我们发现了很多雅思阅读中常见的一些考法：
首先，一词多义
原文中使用了reason这个词，它可以表达原因，指因果关系，也可以作动词，表达推理的过程，可见一词多义本来就是我们在阅读中需要掌握的能力。雅思阅读真题中，就会经常到考多义词，比如说universal可以表达宇宙的，也可以指普遍的，通用的。
其次，高频考点词
考试中出现过的很多高频考点词，也在该段话中出现，比如说 replace，该词的意思为替代，在阅读的真题当中，曾经有考过多次关于这个词的替换，比如说，something can’t be replaced, 被替换成了something is not a substitute。所以在学习的过程中，克里老师推荐大家，一定要去累积、总结以及掌握一些高频的考点词，了解考点词在考试中的考法和规则，这样做题的过程中可以更加的高效，也让学习的过程更轻松。
雅思阅读考试技巧：分类题
分类题(Categorizing)
§ 在分类题中，一般有三个类别(我们可以称之为甲、乙、丙)以及一些项目，要求是将这些项目分别归入这三个类别之中。在文章中，一般会讲述两种不同的事物，我们姑且称它们为A和B. 类别甲中归入与A类事物有关的项目，类别乙中归入与B类事物有关的项目，而类别丙中归入与A和B都有关的项目。
§ 在文章中，作者会对A和B 两类事物进行分别探讨和互相比较，因此我们在阅读时就必须注意作者在谈论和比较A和B 的时候是否提到这些项目，并把这些项目归入到适当的类别中去。一般来说，作者会在不同的段落中讲述A和B 两类事物，不过有时A和B 会在同一段落中被提到，因为作者要把它们作一个详细的比较。
T: Desktop publishing
3 The first stage in the old method of preparing INFO was the gathering together of all text, photographs and graphics which would make up the bulk of the magazine. The next step was marking the text for the printer---a rather laborious, and occasionally hit-and-miss affair! In essence, this meant judging the approximate length of the articles and choosing appropriate print sizes and styles (fonts). The appropriately marked pages were then sent to the printer for type-setting. The end-product of this type-setting phase is called a galley and takes the form of continuous columns on long sheets of paper.
4 At this stage the fun begins! All the columns of text have to be cut and manually pasted onto sheets of paper marked out in columns, to give the layout for each page of the magazine. If one had misjudged the length of text at the type-setting phase, then screams of agony would mingle the pervading smell of glue in the editorial offices as a very stressed editor wrangles bits of text and photographs. The flexibility of this old system was very limited, page layout was largely pre-determined and type-setting errors meant long and time-consuming proof-reading, both at the galley stage and at the final page proof stage. An additional problem with the old method is the length of time between the copy date (stage 1) and the publication of the magazine (about six weeks for INFO).
5 Desktop publishing made our life a lot easier. Now with our new system, we first type the text of the article on an ordinary word-processing package (MultiMate Advantage II is used but any other package is usable) or we ask our contributors to send us their article on a disk, typed with almost any word processor on an IBM or compatible PC computer. The second stage is to design the page frame, i.e. size, number of columns and margins. We then place the text in the page with an easy command called “Autoflow”.
6 The third stage is the design of the layout: placing illustrations and choosing the most suitable typeface. At the last stage, we print the articles on the laser printer and pass them on to colleagues to be proof-read. After making all corrections, the files containing our next INFO are copied on to a disk and sent to our printers for publication.
Q: Below are headings showing the sages involved in printing any document. According to the
information in the passage:
write T if the stage is necessary in traditional printing;
write D if the stage is necessary with desktop publishing;
write TD if the stage is necessary in both methods.
I1 gathering input
I2 designing page frame
I3 marking text
I4 type-setting
I5 page design
I6 cutting and pasting
I7 proof-reading
解题：这里选取的是文章的第三到第六段，其中三、四两段谈论traditional printing(T)，而五、六两段探讨desktop publishing(D)。在traditional printing中，首先是the gathering together of all text, photographs and graphics，其次是marking the text for theprinter，再其次then sent to the printer for type-setting，然后是have to be cut and manually pasted onto sheets of paper marked out in columns, to give the layout for each page of the magazine，最后是long and time-consuming proof-reading;而在desktop publishing中，首先是ask our contributors to send us their article on a disk，其次是design the page frame，然后是the design of the layout，最后we print the articles on the laser printer and pass them on to colleagues to be proof-read. 根据这些列出的两种印刷方法的各个步骤，我们可以准确地将上述的项目进行归类：I1 gathering input --- TD;I2 designing page frame --- D;I3 marking text --- T;I4 type-setting --- T;I5 page design --- TD;I6 cutting and pasting --- T;I7 proof-reading --- TD.
雅思阅读考试技巧：问答题答题步骤
回答问题(short-answer question tasks)
回答问题是根据所给文章或图表回答问题。在IELTS阅读测试中通常是用下列单词提问：. what、which、when、where、who、whose、whom、why、how 等。除了利用上述单词进行提问外，有时会在答题指引中将所提问题列出。
回答问题答题步骤：
1. 仔细查看答题指引，了解回答何种问题。
2. 查看例句，确定答题方式。
3. 要确定问句的种类，一般疑问句可按正常形式回答(例如：yes/no)，如果是选择疑问句或者是以wh/how开头的问句就一定要具体回答
4. 仔细理解问句所提问题。
5. 特别要注意问句中所提问题的关键词语(例如：单数、复数)，以及问句中表明数量、时间、地点的词语。
6. 将问句中的关键词语与文章中相关句子中的词语进行匹配。
7. 确定问句与文章中相关句子含义是否一致，得出答案。
★ 狼图腾精读
★ 表示精读的词语
★ 表示精读的成语
