下面是小编为大家收集的人教版初三Unit 18 重难点解析(共含7篇),仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读,一起分享。同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“水滴”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
作者:刘世一
1. [原文] I'm beginning to get angry with him. (L.69)句中begin是终止性动词,却用了进行时态,怎么理解这一语法现象?
[精析] 在英语中,终止性动词由于动作不能延续的特性,一般情况下没有进行时态,也不与时间段状语连用。而英语中某些终止性动词如come, go, leave, begin, start, return, move等的进行时态形式,可用来表达将来的含义,本句就是这一用法。如:
They are leaving for Beijing on business.他们要出差去北京。
The Greens are moving into a new flat.格林家准备搬进新公寓。
2. [原文] However, it is still not known whether he and Irvine ... (L.70)本句是什么句子结构?
[精析] 这是一个主从复合句,whether引导的是主语从句,句首的it是形式主语。在英语中,往往采用“it is +过去分词+从句”这一结构。如“据说,据报道,据以为”等含义。如:
It is said that he is a good doctor.据说他是个好医生。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道,我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星进入轨道。
3. [原文] ..., but some people wondered whether .... (L.70)动词wonder有哪些用法?
[精析] wonder这一动词在不同的句子结构中表达的意思不同:
(1) 后接“who, what, why等疑问词引导的宾语从句”、“疑问词+不定式”时,表示“想知道”。如:
The teacher wondered why she was late. 老师想知道她为什么迟到。
He wondered what happened. 他想知道发生了什么事情。
I'm just wondering how to do it. 我正想知道怎么做那件事。
(2)后接“that引导的宾语从句”、“不定式短语”时,表示“感到惊奇;对......感到惊讶”。如:
I wonder that he was off office.我对他下岗感到惊讶。
I wonder to see her looking so cheerful. 我很惊讶地发现她如此高兴。
(3)后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时,表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。如:
I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand. 我想知道你是否介意助我一臂之力。
(4)后接at 或about表示“感到惊异;感到疑惑”的意思。如:
I wonder at your allowing her to do such a thing. 我对你允许她做那样的事感到惊异。
I wonder about my future.我对我的未来感到疑惑。
4. [原文] ... live in less developed countries are quite poor. (L.71)句中developed可改为developing吗?
[精析] developed和developing是动词develop的过去分词和现在分词形式,在句中作定语,两者的区别是:(1)在时间上,现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已经完成。(2)在语态上(这条规则只符合及物动词), 现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。所以developed countries是“已经发展了的国家,即发达国家”,改为developing countries是“正在发展的国家,即发展中国家”,这样句意就发生了改变。再如:
We knew the surprising fact.我们知道了那个使人感到惊讶的事实。
Those surprised people didn't move at all.那些受了惊的人们呆在那儿一动不动。
作者:吕新军
1.[原文] ① But I heard him speak.(L.65) ② Suddenly, they hear someone outside shouting: ...(L.66)为什么①句中speak用原形,而②句中shouting用的是V-ing形式?
[精析] 感官动词hear后可以接动词原形和V-ing作宾语补足语,即hear sb. do或hear sb. doing。二者的区别是:前者表示后边的动作已经完成,后者表示后边的动作正在进行。试比较:
I heard him say that the matter was yet undecided. 我听见他说那件事还没决定。
I heard somebody laughing. 我听见有人在笑。
2.[原文] I'll shoot anyone who moves!
(L.66)动词shoot后如果加一个介词at,意思有变化吗?
[精析] 有。 shoot作及物动词,表示“击中”,后接被击中的对象。如:
He shot the bird dead. 他把那只鸟射死了。
当表示“向......射击”时,要用短语shoot at,此时不强调结果。如:
He shot at a dog, but missed it. 他朝狗开枪,但没打中。
3.[原文] Who would you ask for help if you were robbed? (L.66)这句话在本课中并不表示过去,而谓语动词却用的是would ask和were,这是什么语法现象?
[精析] 这是一个含虚拟语气的句子。在英语中,表达的假设或不大可能发生的事时,要使用虚拟语气。如果假设与现在事实相反或与将来事实可能相反,条件从句为“if +主语+动词过去式”, 主句为“主语+should (would)+动词原形”。(这种语法现象在以后会学习到。)如:
If I were you, I would leave him at once. 如果我是你,就立刻离开他。
句中ask sb. for help是“向某人求助”。ask sb. for sth. 是“向某人要求某物”,ask for sb. / sth. 表示“要求见某人;要求与某人谈话;要某事物”等等。如:
She asked him for advice. 她向他征询高见。
Did anyone ask for me? 有人找我吗?
Did you ask your boss for a pay increase? 你请求老板加薪了吗?
1. [原文]Have you ever watched someone surf? (L. 6)surf是动词,在这里怎么用原形?
[精析] surf是省去to 的动词不定式,在这里作感官动词watch的宾语补足语。类似用法还有,感官动词look at, see, listen to, hear, 使役动词let, have,make等,后都可以接省去to的不定式作宾补。
2. [原文] Now it is enjoyed by people all over the world. (L. 6) is enjoyed是什么谓语形式?all over是什么用法?
[精析]is enjoyed是被动语态形式。当主语为动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态形式,即be + 过去分词形式。这部分内容在今后还要学到。
all over是“全部、浑身、在各地”的意思,可单独使用,也可在其后接相应的词语。例如:
People all over the world love peace.全世界的人民都热爱和平。
He is wet all over.他全身都湿了。
all over the world 也可以用all the world, the whole world 来表示,但一定要注意冠词的位置。用all 时,冠词放在all之后,用whole时,冠词放在whole之前。
3. [原文] Every year...attract large numbers of tourists to the islands. (L. 6) large numbers of与a large number of 有区别吗?
[精析]没有。这两个短语都表示“许多”的意思,可以互换。如:Large numbers of / A large number of people came to the meeting from all over the country. 许多来自全国各地的人参加了会议。但是a number of / numbers of 与the number of是有区别的。作主语时,前者后接复数名词,谓语用复数形式;后者意思是“为……的总数”,后接复数名词,但谓语要用单数。试比较:
A number of students are playing in the playground.许多学生在操场上玩。
The number of students in the playground is about one hundred.操场上的学生(数量)大约有一百人。
4. [原文] For example, Jake Booth, a 21-year-old man, gave up his job in San Francisco a year ago. (L. 6) 21-year-old中的year怎么不加s?
[精析] 21-year-old是由数词 + 名词 + 形容词构成的复合形容词,其中year不可以用复数形式,词与词之间用连字号。试比较:
He is a 15-year-old boy.他是一个15岁的男孩。
The boy is 15 years old.这个男孩15岁。
另外,句中give up意思是“放弃”,作及物动词,后可以接动名词;也可以接代词,用宾格放于up之前。也可用作不及物动词。例如:
You should give up smoking. I gave it up last year.你应该戒烟。我去年就戒掉了。
She doesn't give up easily.她做任何事情都不会轻易放弃。
5. [原文] Although I haven't got a very good job, surfing keeps me very fit.( L. 6) although与though用法相同吗?
[精析] 有共同之处,也有不同点。两都可用来引导让步状语从句,表示汉语的“虽然……但是……”。但不能说although / though...but...。如:不能说:Although / Though he is very old, but he is still quite strong. 句中的but 应去掉。Although是较为正式的用语,引导的从句多位于主句前,though多用于非正式文体中,引导的从句位于主句前后都可。
注意:though可用于倒装句中,although不可。如:Young though he is , he has worked for a few years.他虽然年轻但已经工作好几年了。
6.[原文] He's gone to New Zealand on business. (L. 7) business前可以加定冠词the 吗?
[精析] 不可以。on表示“处于……状态中”,与一些名词构成特定的词组,on business出差。再如:on duty值日,on fire着火了,on holiday在度假。这些固定词组中都不能加冠词。
7. [原文] On May 17, , on his 13th birthday, his dream came true.(L. 8) come true是“实现”的意思,realize也有这一意思,它们的用法一样吗?
[精析] 不一样。这两个词语虽然可以表示同一个意思,但句法结构不同。come true的主语应是某事,而realize的主语应是某人。试比较:
His dream has come true.他的梦想实现了。
He has realized his dream.他实现了他的梦想。
另外,表示某人几岁生日是:one's + 序数词 + birthday。如:Tom's 10th birthday.
8. [原文] He went on cycling for another two hours before he finished his journey. (L. 8) 句中的journey与trip, travel均可表示“旅行”,有区别吗?
[精析] 有区别。这三个词都表示“旅行”的意思。journey 一般指较远距离的旅行,指单程;trip用得比较广泛,可以是“旅行”,也可以是“去了一下”,但都指一个往返;travel一般指到国外或远方旅行,不着重某一个目的地,有到各地“游历”的意思。请看例句:
He made a journey from Paris to Berlin.他作了一次从巴黎到柏林的旅行。
I took several trips to Guilin.我去过桂林几次。
He returned from his travels.他旅行结束回到家里。
作者:严建英
1. Q: To be here at Christmas time is a dream that has come true. 请分析一下本句的结构。
A:本句是一个主从复合句。句中To be here at Christmas time是动词不定式作主语,is a dream是系表结构,that 引导的是定语从句,修饰dream。关于定语从句会在17单元学到。
2. Q: Some people even put up stocking for their pets as well. 句中as well表示“也”与其它几种表达方式有什么异同?
A: 汉语的“也”英语可用too, also, as well和either表示,其区别是:too是普通用词,常置于句子末尾且用逗号与句子隔开;also是比较正式的用语,它一般位于be动词、情态动词、助动词等之后,行为动词之前;as well用法与too相同,通常位于句尾,但前面一般不用逗号; either表示“也”时,一般只用于否定句中,且置于句子末尾,用逗号与句子隔开。试比较:
I would like to go fishing on Sunday, too.
He has also been to the top of Mount Tai.
He is a teacher, and a writer as well.=He is a teacher, and he is a writer, too.
The students didn't work out the problem. The teacher didn't, either.
3. Q: Even though Father Christmas is no longer living, ... even though引导什么从句?
A: even though作为连词,意为“虽然......;尽管......”,引导让步状语从句。如:
Even though he is poor, she still loves him.
4. Q: It is said that ... she was to have this special boy. 句中was to have是什么结构?
A: “be to + 动词不定式”这种结构常用来表示按计划安排将要发生的事情,是将来时态的另一表达形式。如:
They are to arrive in Beijing at 4 o'clock this afternoon.
The new shop is not to be opened untill next week.
作者:严建英
1. [原文]Have you ever watched someone surf? (L. 6)surf是动词,在这里怎么用原形?
[精析] surf是省去to 的动词不定式,在这里作感官动词watch的宾语补足语。类似用法还有,感官动词look at, see, listen to, hear, 使役动词let, have,make等,后都可以接省去to的不定式作宾补。
2. [原文] Now it is enjoyed by people all over the world. (L. 6) is enjoyed是什么谓语形式?all over是什么用法?
[精析]is enjoyed是被动语态形式。当主语为动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态形式,即be + 过去分词形式。这部分内容在今后还要学到。
all over是“全部、浑身、在各地”的意思,可单独使用,也可在其后接相应的词语。例如:
People all over the world love peace.全世界的人民都热爱和平。
He is wet all over.他全身都湿了。
all over the world 也可以用all the world, the whole world 来表示,但一定要注意冠词的位置。用all 时,冠词放在all之后,用whole时,冠词放在whole之前。
3. [原文] Every year...attract large numbers of tourists to the islands. (L. 6) large numbers of与a large number of 有区别吗?
[精析]没有。这两个短语都表示“许多”的意思,可以互换。如:Large numbers of / A large number of people came to the meeting from all over the country. 许多来自全国各地的人参加了会议。但是a number of / numbers of 与the number of是有区别的。作主语时,前者后接复数名词,谓语用复数形式;后者意思是“为……的总数”,后接复数名词,但谓语要用单数。试比较:
A number of students are playing in the playground.许多学生在操场上玩。
The number of students in the playground is about one hundred.操场上的学生(数量)大约有一百人。
4. [原文] For example, Jake Booth, a 21-year-old man, gave up his job in San Francisco a year ago. (L. 6) 21-year-old中的year怎么不加s?
[精析] 21-year-old是由数词 + 名词 + 形容词构成的复合形容词,其中year不可以用复数形式,词与词之间用连字号。试比较:
He is a 15-year-old boy.他是一个15岁的男孩。
The boy is 15 years old.这个男孩15岁。
另外,句中give up意思是“放弃”,作及物动词,后可以接动名词;也可以接代词,用宾格放于up之前。也可用作不及物动词。例如:
You should give up smoking. I gave it up last year.你应该戒烟。我去年就戒掉了。
She doesn't give up easily.她做任何事情都不会轻易放弃。
5. [原文] Although I haven't got a very good job, surfing keeps me very fit.( L. 6) although与though用法相同吗?
[精析] 有共同之处,也有不同点。两都可用来引导让步状语从句,表示汉语的“虽然……但是……”。但不能说although /
高频考点解读(Unit 2)
作者:杜倩
【考点一】 No matter ____you come, you will always be welcome.
A. what B. how
C. when D. whether
[思路解析]本题译为:“无论你什么时候来,你都是受欢迎的。”应该用when。所以本题答案为C。
[知识拓展] No matter who (what, how, why, when, where, if, whether,how many,how much...)无论谁(什么,怎么,为什么,什么时候,哪里,是否,多少……)在句中作让步状语。可放句首,也可放句末。如:
a) You can' t go in, no matter who you are. 不管你是谁,都不能进去。
b) Don' t trust him, no matter what he says or does.不管他说什么或做什么,你都不要相信他。
c) No matter where you go, we'1l always be together. 不管你去哪里,我都和你在一起。
d) Mary always got to school on time, no matter if she went without breakfast. 玛丽不管是否吃了早饭,她都是准时赶到学校。
【考点二】 He has been to Beijing twice. (对划线部分提问)
_________has he been to Beijing?
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How many times
[思路解析] 本句的意思是“他去过北京两次”,对次数提问,疑问词应用how many times,故本题答案为D。
[知识拓展] 1) how often是对动作发生的频率进行提问。如:
-How often do you have to take the medicine?这药需要多久服一次?
-Three times a day. 日服三次。
2) how long表示动作持续的时间。如:
-How long have you studied here? 你在这儿学习多久了?
-I have studied here for nearly 3 years .我在这儿学习3年了。
3) how soon表示再过多久,一般用将来时态。如:
-How soon will you go to Beijing? 你再过多久去北京?
-I'll go to Beijing in two weeks.再过两周我就去北京了。
【考点三】 -Who jumps_________in your class?
-Li Ming. He cleared the 1.6 meter mark last week.
A. high B. highest C. the most highly D. tallest
[思路解析] high表示“高的,高地”,既可以作形容词又可以作副词。highly adv. 表示“高度地,极为赞许”等,在这里表示跳得高,要用 high,又根据in the class所以用最高级,选B。
[知识拓展] think highly of somebody 意思是“高度评价某人”,speak highly of somebody意思是“称赞某人”。tall主要用来表示形容人或物的高低。
【考点四】 It is dark, but they go on_________. They never usually work so late, though they worked late last night.
A. work B. to work C. worked D. working
[思路解析] go on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”,go on to do sth.意为“接着做另外一件事”。根据题意,本题答案为D。
[知识拓展] 1) go on doing sth.是“继续做同一件事情,可能中间有间断”。如:
I'll stop here. Please go on reading. 我就说到这儿,请接着读吧。(老师在学生读的过程中插话)
2) “继续做某事”还可以用go on with sth. 来表示。如:
Go on with your work. 继续工作。
3) go on to do sth.通常表示“接着做另一件事”。如:
Stop writing now and go on to read the next passage. 别写了,接着读下一段。
作者:刘世一
1. 【原文】 I'll be able to write faster.(L.25 )句中be able to 与can的用法有什么区别?
【精析】can和be able to 都可以表示“能力”,can 是情态动词,不用于将来时态,表示将来要用be able to的将来时。如:
She can speak English very well. 她英语讲得不错。
I am sure I shall be able to speak English very well.我相信我将来英语讲得会很好。
注:be able to 有“经过努力之后能够......”的意思。试比较:
Mike could swim very well at that time. 迈克那时游泳游得很好。
Mike tried hard and was able to swim across the river at last. 迈克经过艰苦的努力,终于能游过那条河了。
can还可以表示“请求和允许”以及“可能”,be able to 没有这种用法。如:
Even experienced persons can make mistakes. 即使是有丰富经验的人也可能犯错。
2. 【原文】..., and the boy was too frightened to move. (L. 26)句中frightened 可以用afraid吗?
【精析】不可以。这两个词作形容词时都有“害怕”的意思。但frightened还可表示“受惊吓”的意思,而afraid 接从句有“恐怕”的意思。frightened 还可作定语,而afraid 则不可。试比较:
A frightened boy is crying. 一个受惊吓的男孩正在哭。
I'm afraid that I can't help you. 恐怕我帮不了你了。
The little girl was frightened / afraid of the police. 这个小姑娘害怕警察。
3. 【原文】 Tomorrow if possible. (L.28)句子的完整形式是什么?
【精析】此句完整的形式是I want it tomorrow if it is possible.“如果行的话,我明天要。”if引导的是条件状语从句,当它的主句是it + is + 形容词时,常省掉it is。
4. I want to learn how to run quickly and to eat healthily. (L. 28)句中的动词不定式都是做什么成份?
【精析】句中的第一个不定式to learn ... healthily作动词want的宾语;不定式短语how to run quickly和to eat healthily都作动词learn的宾语,其中how to run quickly是带疑问副词的不定式短语;to eat healthily省去了疑问副词how。整个句子的意思是“我想学习怎样能跑得快一点儿和如何能做到健康饮食。”
作者:刘世一 张志
1. 【原文】How about this pair?... How much are they? (L.53) 第二句中的they根据上下文应指代第一句中的this pair, 但为什么用they呢?
【精析】英语中的复形名词表数量时通常与a pair of或数词 + pairs of连用,其中无论pair是单复数,通常都用复数代词指代。trousers, shoes, glasses, scissors等一般用作复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词也用复数形式。如:His trousers are black.他的裤子是黑色的。但英语中这些由两个对称部分合在一起构成一件物品的名词,其前常与... pair of搭配表示数量,意为“一双;一条;一副”等,这时若在句子中作主语时,如果pair是单数形式,谓语动词就用单数;如果pair是复数形式,谓语动词就用复数。如:
That pair of scissors was so sharp that it cut his hands. 那把剪刀很锋利,剪伤了他的手。
Two pairs of your trousers are still at the cleaner's. 你的两条裤子还在洗衣店里。
2. 【原文】 What size do you need? (L.53)如何询问衣物的号码尺寸?
【精析】就衣服、鞋类等尺寸大小提问时,常用句式What size ...?通常情况下不可用How much或How many来代替。如:
What's the size of your gloves?你的手套是多大号码的?
类似的提问还有:
What's the population of Germany?德国人口是多少?
What's the price of the house?这所房子多少钱?
What's the number of the teachers in your school?你们学校有多少名教师?
3.【原文】 Are you excited about going to Beijing?(L.53) 这句的动词是被动语态吗?
【精析】不是。句中的excited是动词excite的形容词,在句中作表词,可构成be excited about / at对......感到兴奋,be excited to do做......感到兴奋。如:
The excited old lady soon calmed down. 那个激动的老妇人很快就平静下来了。
4. 【原文】 It is a huge beautiful building. (L.56)句中的huge与big, large, great有什么区别?
【精析】 huge的意思是“巨大的;庞大的”,一般表示体积大,超过一般标准,常用于具体的事物、空间、距离、程度、容量等。例如:
The huge rock on the top of the mountain looks like a monkey. 这座山顶部的那块巨石看起来像只猴子。
The sun looks like a huge firing ball at the horizon. 太阳在地平线上看起来好像是一个巨大的燃烧着的火球。
big用法最为普遍,表示面积、范围、程度、强度或体积等是“大的”,通常只能用来形容有形的东西,较口语化。如:
This pair of shoes is too big for me.这双鞋我穿太大了。
large的意思是“大的;巨大的”,特指宽度、数量之大。big和large常能互换。large一般不用于指人。如:
This room is large /big enough to hold twenty people. 这间房间足以容纳20个人。
I found a large / big table in my room.我在我房间里看到一张大桌子。
great大多用于指重要性、特性、能力或程度(通常含褒义),可以与不可数名词连用。如:
She has a great many admirers. 她有很多爱慕者。
She lived to a great age. 她活到很大年纪。