下面小编给大家整理了英语四级：倒装结构语法回顾（共含7篇），供大家阅读参考。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“cjh54543”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
在英语表达中，当句子的正常语序表述出来是错误的内容时，我们就需要进行主谓语的位置变换，也就是通常说的倒装，在写作文中，为了凸显考生的英语水平比较好，有些考生也会选择用部分倒装，为了方便大家积累语法知识，老师为大家详细讲解了有关倒装句的内容，希望考生能够认真看一看，用这些倒装句的知识点写出自己的优秀作文。
一、什么是英语倒装句
在现实的语言实践中，由于语法结构的要求，或是由于修辞的需要，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提到主语之前。我们称这种语序的变化为“倒装语序”这样的倒装语序可能使句子的内在含义产生细微的、甚至明显的改变。只有注意观察引起倒装的原因，才能更准确地理解句子的含义。为了使句子的某成分突出，我们还会使用强调，而倒装语序大多都用于强调。
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。而倒装语序中又有完全倒装和部分倒装，完全倒装相对简单一点。
二、完全倒装
完全倒桩是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前，通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。句型模式是：谓语+主语+……
1.There be/appear/ come,/remain+主语(+地点或时间状语)
例如：There appeared to be a woman in red.那里有个穿红衣服的女人。
2.副词+谓语动词+名词主语+……
出于修辞需要，表示方向的副词：out, down, in, up, away, on。
例如： Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him.
出于习惯用法：here, there, now, thus, hence, then。例如：Here comes the taxi.
3.过去分词或现在分词+be的各种形式+主语+……
例如：Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.
三、部分倒装
部分倒装指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1.下列否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状语时，若置句首，句子的主谓要部分倒装 ：never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, under no circumstances, in vain, still less。
例如： Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on. Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.
2.以only修饰状语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装
例如：Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.
3.以下列副词或短语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装 ：often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point，many a time。
例如： So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
四、特殊从句的倒装
1.让步从句的倒装
(1)as引导让步状语从句，必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。例如： Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.
(2)出现在句型be+主语+其他, come what may中。例如： Our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge―be it scientific or artistic. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. Come what may, I’ll be on your side.
2.比较从句的倒装
as, than引导的比较从句中，如果主语是名词短语且较长，经常采用倒装结构(不倒装也可以)。注意：这种结构主语一般为名词，如果是代词则不倒装。
例如： Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce. Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.
以上就是老师为考生们总结的四级倒装句的用法，其实考查较多的还是部分倒装，考生也应该重点关注部分倒装的情形，熟练掌握这些知识后，在写作中考生一定可以轻松应对了，预祝各位考生都能取得满意的成绩!
一、英语中构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外)，通常须使用倒装结构，这是语法结构的需要。例如：
1.When are we going to drink to your happiness?
我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?
2.Have you seen the film?
你看了那部电影吗?
3.Have you anything like that?
在美国英语中常见：Do you have anything like that?
你有那样的东西吗?
二、以副词here，there，off，out，away等开头的句子，主要是表示感叹语气的句子，当其主语为名词时，通常要使用倒装。例如：
4. Here comes our teacher! 你们的老师来了!
5.Away went the boy to the school! 那男孩子到学校里去了!
6.Off goes the woman! 那个女人走了!
三、当构成关联从属连词so.。.that的so位于句首时，往往要使用倒装结构。例如：
7.So loudly did the students read that people could hear them out in the street.
同学们大声读书，人们在街上都听得见(他们的读书声)。
8.So small were the words that he could hardly see them.
字那么小，他几乎看不见。
四、以引导词there开头的句子，须使用倒装结构。例如：
(A) 表示“……有……”之概念的“There+ be +主语” 结构：
9. There are three books on the desk. 桌上有三本书。
10.There were something in the box. 箱子里有东西。
(B) 用于正式文体，特别是文学作品中的 “there+不及物动词十主语” 结构，当主语不明确而又是一个很长的名词短语时，往往使用这种结构：
五、当平时一般不放在句首的状语，为了强调起见而放在句首时，使用倒装结构。例如：
14. Near the bridge was an old cottage.
在桥的附近有一幢古老的小茅舍。
15.Well do I remember the day I saw a wild tiger.
见到一只猛虎的那一天，我记得很清楚。
六、当直接引语的一部分或者全部位于句首时，引述分句的主语又是名词或名词短语，该引述分句常用倒装结构。例如：
16. “What shall we do?” said the teacher.“
“我们怎么呢?”老师说。
17、”Great!“ said my father.” “I‘ll go there.”
“好极了!” 我父亲说。“我将到那里去。”
七、某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首，以构成倒装结构。例如：
18. No matter how interesting the book is，he doesn‘t like to read it.
(语序是：No matter how+表语十主语十系动词be)
不管这本书多有趣，他都不想看。
19.However hard a solid may be，we can change its shape.
(语序是： However+表语+主语+系动词be)不管一个固体有多硬，我们都可以改变其形状。
20.Young as he is， he knows some of the family secrets.
(语序是：表语十as+代词作主语十系动词be)尽管他年纪小，他却知道家里的一些秘密。
21.Difficult as the work was (或：Difficult as was the work)，it was finished in time.
(语序是：表语十as十名词作主语十系动词be，或：表语+as+系动词be+名词作主语)工作虽然困难，还是及时完成了。
注1) 用as引导的让步状语从句，表语应放在as之前(例20和例21);如果主语是代词，主语就要放在系动词be之前。例20;如果主语是名词，则主语可以放在系动词be之前或后，如例21。
部分倒装
在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面:
under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.
i couldn’t answer the question. nor could anyone else in our class.
only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.
句首状语若由 only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句构成, 引起局部倒装:
only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.
only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
有not only开头的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒装:
not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either.
当句首状语为 never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定词或有否定意义的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装.
no longer are they staying with us.
no sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
under no circumstances could i agree to such a principle.
全部倒装：
在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面:
here are some registered letters for you.
in came a man with a white beard.
以neither, nor, so等开始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前.
“we must start for the work-site now”. “ so must we.”
i am quite willing to help and so are the others.
he didn’t drop any hint. nor (neither) did his secretary.
“i won’t do such a thing.” “nor (neither) will i.”
如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, 尽管是用so开头, 语序也不要颠倒.
“it was cold yesterday.” “so it was.”
“tomorrow will be monday.” “so it will.”
表示位置或方向的副词提前, 谓语动词为 go, come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长时, 通常用全部倒装:
there was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.
the door burst open and i rushed the crowd.
there comes the bus!
now comes your turn.
如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
there comes your turn.
有here引起, 谓语为be的句子, 也要倒装:
here is china’s largest tropical forest.
here are some picture-books.
如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
here we are. this is the new railway station.
“give me some paper.” “here you are.”
表语和系动词提前:
介词短语: on the other side was northern xinjiang.
near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.
形容词: very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.
worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.
副词: below is a restaurant.
southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.
分词: housed in the cultural palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.
hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.
lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.
standing beside the table was an interpreter.
前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构: 一个动名词前面可以加一个物主代词(或名词的所有格结构), 来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语.
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.
Do you mind my reading your paper?
They insisted on my staying there for supper.
如果不是在句子开头, 这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词宾格), 这比用所有格更自然一些.
I don’t mind him going.
She hates people losing their temper.
独立结构: 在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一.致. 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为独立结构, 一般表示一种伴随的动作或情况.
he rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.
有时可以表示时间:
late that autumn, his work finished, he prepared to return to his institute.
表示原因:
her eyes dimmed with tears, she did not see him enter.
条件:
all things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.
【例如】
the moon has no light of its own, only sunlight shining on it.
(附加说明)
she rushed out the room, the little baby carried in her arms.
(伴随动作)
maggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs held carefully in her hand.
(伴随动作)
they being blind men, how could they see the elephants? ( =as they were blind men... )
(表示原因)
circumstances changed, it is necessary for you to make a new plan.
(表示原因)
a force acting through a distance, work is done. (表示条件)
both bright side and dark side considered, you will have the confidence to overcome this difficulty. (表示条件)
all flightsshavingsbeen cancelled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
there be句型和it也能引出分词独立结构，作状语修饰主句，there和it相当于分词的逻辑主语。
【例如】
there being nothing else to do, we went home.
thereshavingsbeen no rain, the plants withered. it being impossible for most students to turn in their papers as scheduled, the teacher decided to give them another two days. the sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ____on benches, chairs or boxes. (cet 4 2000,1)
a)shavingsseated b) seating c) seated d)shavingsbeen seated
本题考察的是with引导的分词的独立结构，seat一般用被动形式表示主动意思，所以用过去分词，答案为c。
seat可以用于如下句中：he came in and was seated in the chair. please come in and be seated. so many directors____, the board meeting had to be put off. (cet 4 2000,6)
a) were absent b) being absent c) been absent d) had been absent
本题考察的是分词的独立结构,主语与分词之间是主谓关系，因此选择b。
★ 四级考试语法指导
