今天小编在这给大家整理了四级考试语法指导（共含8篇），我们一起来阅读吧!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“neidahan”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
四级考试语法指导
一、大纲要求
最新《大学英语教学大纲》对四级语法的要求是：“巩固和加深基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。”
二、四级语法结构与词汇考查内容
四级考试对语法词汇的考查与《大纲》要求是十分一致的。综观近年来的四级考试题，我们不难发现四级考试语法词汇部分是这样体现《大纲》的。
1．语法考题的涉及面宽
近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类，三种动词的非谓语形式，名词从句，形容词从句，副词从句，独立主格，一致，倒装，强调等基本语法知识。
2．语法考试的重点突出
语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。
3．具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，不常用的情况
1）虚拟语气的考点为：would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时：It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／ advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时：proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。
2）状语从句的.考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly…when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as…as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3）独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。
4）情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5）定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。
4．词汇的考查重点为
1）动词，名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2）习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3）由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。
4）单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。
5）介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外还应注意rather than，other than，such as，none／nothing＋but等词在考题中的出现。
5．近年来考题中的新趋势为：若干考点混合出现：一些交际用语也时常出现在考题中。
附：历年四级考试语法题选
一 虚拟语气考查点
essential , important 等词后的虚拟语气；
1) It was essential that the application forms___ back before the deadline （90年1月四级考试.）
A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent（答案是C）
2) It is vital that enough money ___ to fund the project . （1月四级考试.）
A is collected B be collected C must be collected D can be collected （答案是C）
if only ,wish等词后
大学英语四级考试语法复习指导
6月的四级考试题型变革，把长期以来作为重点考查的语法减至一题。非谓语动词、虚拟语气、关系代词、时态语态等等这些长期以来考点已经被打入冷宫。之后的考试语法题基本消失。第一部分、语法讲义
206月的四级考试题型变革，把长期以来作为重点考查的语法减至一题。非谓语动词、虚拟语气、关系代词、时态语态等等这些长期以来考点已经被打入冷宫。之后的考试语法题基本消失。我们在配置自己的有限备考时间也应有所调整。
语法之于英语学习的重要性实际上并没有如何降低，在语言知识运用(完形填空等)、作文、阅读长难句分析方面起到的作用是不可替代的。因此我们要抓住复习的重点，集中突破在各个题型最容易出问题的语法点。
该部分将主要结合阅读理解长难句分析来快速掌握语法的精髓。很多时候，我们准确定位之后，由于和问题相关的句子长、难，造成最终理解错误而选错答案，这非常可惜，连前面定位的时间都浪费了。能否快速有效的抓住定位句子的主干大意和次要细节实际已经成为阅读分数高低的'一个关键问题。
第一节、解决四级英语长难句的意义
1、阅读，抓不住句子重点，在一个句子上浪费太多时间。最后根据不完整的理解，碰运气乱猜答案。
2、翻译，提笔不知从哪里下手；胡乱写几行，卷面乱，不知所云，影响印象分。
(一)长难句到底难在哪里?--几句废话般的常识。
1)结构复杂，逻辑层次多；
2)单词意思常需根据上下文判断；
3)代词的指代关系复杂；
4)并列成分多；
5)修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长；
6)习惯搭配。
注：以上情况有可能单独出现，更多是“团伙作案”。
(二)长难句的破解的几个基本要点
・把握规律(按照所讲的基本方法)
・充分利用现有语法、词汇知识，提高知识的产出效率。
・破解核心是化繁为简，化难为易。
(三)长难句解决的具体步骤
1、抓主干
2、理顺主从句子关系。
(四)分析句子成分的详细过程
1)找出全句主谓宾或主系表，即句子的主干；
2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词；
3)分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；以及词，短语和从句之间的关系；
4)分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分
相关推荐：记忆四六级大纲词汇注意的几点
大学英语四级同义词辨析
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英语四级语法和写作技巧指导
(1) 改变时态
The bell is ringing now. (一般)
There goes the bell! (高级)
(2) 改变语态
People suggests that the meeting be put off. (一般)
It is suggested that the meeting be put off. (高级)
(3 )使用过去分词
Lisa walked out of the room and many guys followed her. (一般)
Followed by many guys, Lisa walked out of the lab. (高级)
(4) 使用v-ing 形式
When she arrives, please give me a call. (一般)
On her arriving, please give me a call. (高级)
(5) 使用不定式
He is so kind that he can do me a favor. (一般)
He is so kind as to do me a favor. (高级)
(6) 使用虚拟语气
The patient didn’t die because there were the efforts of the doctor. (一般)
But for the efforts of the doctor, the patient would have died. (高级)
(7) 使用强调句型
I was born in 1987. (一般)
It was in 1987 that I was born. (高级)
(8) 使用倒装
Though I’m sick, I’ll carry on. (一般)
Sick as I am, I’ll carry on. (高级)
(9) 使用并列句
If you go through the gate, you’ll find me. (一般)
Go through the gate, and you’ll find me. (高级)
(10) 使用名词性从句
She happened to have met him. (一般)
It happened that she had met him. (高级)
(11) 使用定语从句
The girl is spoken highly of. Her homework was well done. (一般)
The girl whose homework was well done is spoken highly of. (高级)
(12) 使用状语从句
I won’t believe what he says. (一般)
No matter what he says, I won’t believe. (高级)
1.____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.
A. Unpopular has as white been ? B. White has been as unpopular C. Unpopular has been as white ? D. Unpopular as white has been
2.____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.
A. There has been no rain ? B. Having no rain C. There having been no rain? D. There being no rain
3. The millions of calculations involved, ____by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. had they been done ? B. they had been done C. having been done ? D. they were done
4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.
A. which they are happening ? B. they are happening C. which they happen ? D. they have happened
5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.
A. That amazed ? B. It amazed? C. Which amazed ? D. What amazed
6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young, ____she was twenty?five.
A. her first real success did not come until B. her real first success came until not C. since her first real success did not come until D. not until her first real success
7. You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.
A. to leave ? B. leaving ? C. to have left ? D. left
8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____grab a bite at the snack bar.
A. may well ? B. just as well ? C. might as well ? D. as well
9. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.
A. have stolen ? B. steal ? C. stole ? D. stealing
10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing football yesterday.
A. breaking ? B. having been broken ?C. break ? D. be breaking
试题答案与解析
1. D) 【句意】虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。
【难点】as是连词，引导让步状语从句时，往往使用半倒装形式。又如：Beautiful as she is, she is foolish.
2. C) 【句意】由于长时间无雨，田野变得十分干燥。
【难点】该句的前半部分是There be结构，完成式独立结构形式，这与时间状语for a long time相吻合。
3. A) 【句意】数百万次计算如果用手工操作，那么，到计算结束的时候，就将失去其全部实际意义。
【难点】这是一句虚拟语气的句子，条件句使用了考试&大省略if的倒装句形式，动作与过去事实相反。
4. B) 【句意】电视使我们能够在事情发生的那一瞬间就看到它们是如何发生的。
【难点】moment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句。B)符合题意要求。
5. D) 【句意】最令我惊讶的是，这个在车祸中失去双臂的小男孩能够用脚使用钢笔。
【难点】这是一个what从句作主语的典型句子。
6. A) 【句意】虽然她很小的时候就写了很多短篇小说和诗歌，但她直到25岁才迎来第一次真正的成功。
【难点】这是一个练习not until结构的句子。
7. A) 【句意】你应该知道，不该把你小妹妹一个人留在家里。
【难点】to know better than to do sth.是一个常见的表示责备的句型，意为“应该知道不该做某事”。
8. C) 【句意】既然火车一个小时以后才开，我们不妨到快餐店吃口东西。
【难点】might as well后接动词原形，意为“不妨，何不”。
9. D) 【句意】当她没钱为孩子买吃的东西时，她开始偷。
【难点】resort to意为:求助于，其中to是介词，后接动名词。
10. A) 【句意】那个男孩承认在昨天踢足球的时候打破了窗子。
【难点】admit to中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。
一 虚拟语气考查点
essential , important 等词后的`虚拟语气；
1) It was essential that the application forms___ back before the deadline （90年1月四级考试.）
A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent（答案是C）
2) It is vital that enough money ___ to fund the project . （1月四级考试.）
A is collected B be collected C must be collected D can be collected （答案是C）
if only ,wish等词后的虚拟语气；
1) Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If I ___ your advice . （93年6月四级考试.）
A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed （答案是B）
2) I wish I ___ longer this morning ,but I had to get up and come to class. （95年6月四级考试.）
A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept （答案是D）
条件从句中的虚拟语气
1) H e must have had an accident , or he ___ then （90年1月四级考试.）.
A would have been here B should be here C had to be here D would be here （答案是A）
二 动词的 ing 形式和过去分词
分词的独立结构
1）名词 （代词）+ 分词
A new technique ______, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent. (90/1)
A） working out C) having been worked
B) having worked out D) to have been worked out (C)
With + 名词（代词）+ V--ed或V--ing
2) After the Arab states won independence , great emphasis was laid on expanding education , with girls as well as boys _______ to go to school . (97/1)
A) to be couraged B) being encouraged C) been encouraged D) be encouraged (B)
动名词短语做宾语
They are considering _______ before the prices go up. (89/1)
A of buying the house C buying the house
B with buying the house D to buy the house (C)
分词短语做状语
________with the picture, Mary tore it to pieces. (92/6)
A Dissatisfying thoroughly C Being thoroughly dissatisfied
B to dissatisfy thoroughly D To be thoroughly dissatisfied (C)
分词短语做定语
If I correct someone , I will do it with as much good bumor and self C restraint as if I were the one _______. (95/1)
A to correct B correctin
1. c)「句意」公众能否将兔肉接受为比较经济的蛋白质来源要看生产者如何去销售。?
「难点」depend on 后面加一个从句，从句语序应为陈述语序。?
2. d)「句意」这些苹果你千万不要吃，可能没熟。?
「难点」in case意为“如果，万一，若”，适合本句逻辑关系。
3. b)「句意」虽然发生在发达国家的事情听起来像科幻小说，但也可能发生在世界上其它地区。?
「难点」what引导的从句作为主语，同时，what又是从句的主语。
4. c)「句意」我们最信任的就是他。?
「难点」用来代替“he”的是“who”，who前面有介词的时候要改为宾格whom.
5. c)「句意」由于我们用不着着急，我们选择了那条长而风景优美的路线。
「难点」a)错，因为没有go route 的搭配。b)错，主语应该是being in no great hurry 的主语we.d)错，原因同b)。?
6. b)「句意」两个答案都不正确。?
「难点」neither意为“二者无一”,后接单数谓语动词。?
7. a)「句意」他病了，而我只是有点儿累。
「难点」whereas连接两个句子，又含有转折的意思。?
8. c)「句意」她很有钱，而且很漂亮。?
「难点」what is more是习惯用语，意为“另外，而且”。?
9. d)「句意」不管怎么说，因为你父亲你才有今天。?
「难点」say what you like 意为“不管怎么说”。?
10. d)「句意」是你铺的床，你就要躺在上面(自作自受)。?
「难点」as…so…意为“像…那样，…也就…”。?
11. c)「句意」如果读书不是为了消磨时间而是为了获取知识,那么你必须积极去读。?
「难点」pass意为“消磨”;waste意为“浪费”;spend意为“花费”;idle意为“虚度”，与away连用。?
12. d)「句意」机场离城市太远，所以从机场回来这段路使人非常疲劳。?
「难点」journey意为“行程，路程”;flight意为“飞行;航班”; travel意为“(长途)旅行，旅游”;crossing意为“横越，横渡”。?
13. c)「句意」肯尼亚的查沃野生动物保护区使苏珊想起了她在新泽西参观过的野生动物园。?
「难点」remind意为“使想起”，常与of连用;evoke意为“使人想起”，但不与of连用;recall意为“记得，回想起”;remember和recall类似，意为“记得，回想起”。?
14. b)「句意」当博士听说基塔发现了世界上最大的珍珠时，你注意到他那时脸上的表情了吗??
「难点」expression 意为“表情，表现力”;appearance意为“外观，外表”;description 意为“描写，描述”;illusion意为“错觉，幻觉;假象”。?
15. b)「句意」他们计划在一年时间内翻修这所旧房子。?
「难点」renovate意为“修复;整修一新”;revive意为“使复兴，振兴”;replace意为“放回，把…放回原处”; remove意为“移开，挪开，拿走”。?16. d)「句意」矿里白银的供应量下降，这引起城里人的极大关心。?
「难点」diminish 意为“下降，减少”;increase 意为“增加，增强”;extend意为“延展”;devalue意为“(货币)贬值”。?
17. c)「句意」在调查初期律师认为这项证据不是很重要，但后来证明，这项证据在控告罪犯时起了至关重要作用。?
「难点」insignificant意为“不重要的”;unsuitable 意为“不合适的，不适当的”;unchangeable 意为“不可改变的，不变的”;important意为“重要的，重大的”。?
18. a)「句意」花瓶里曾漂亮一时的花枯萎了。?
「难点」wither意为“枯萎了，凋谢了”;waste意为“浪费”;water意为“浇水”;wrinkle意为“生皱纹”。?
19. a)「句意」这一直是边疆对美国人心理的影响。?
「难点」impact意为“冲击，影响”，后接介词on;input意为“输入”;effort意为“努力”;recognition意为“认出”。?
20. b)「句意」因其拥有富足得令人难以置信的自然资源，美国似乎是“天府之国”。?
「难点」abundant 意为“丰富的，充足的，大量的”;optional意为“可自由选择的，任意的”;maximum意为“最大限度的;最高的”;leading意为“主要的，最重要的”。?
21. c)「句意」这些领导中最重要的是马丁?路德?金。他是个极富鼓动才能的黑人牧师。?
「难点」inspire意为“激励，鼓舞”;excite意为“使兴奋，刺激”;cheer意为“提起精神，激励(人高兴起来)”;offer意为“提供”。?
22. d)「句意」物质丰富一直是使美国人坚持其信仰和价值观念的生命线。?
「难点」sustain意为“维持(生命、活力等)，使…持续”;contribute意为“捐(款)，捐助”;provide意为“提供”;favor 意为“支持…，赞同…”。?
23. c)「句意」我给一个能将记者的问题发往850多个机构的因特网站发了一封信。?
「难点」dispatch意为“发送，派遣”;assign意为“分配;指派;指定”;attach意为“贴上;附上，使(人)属于”;detach意为“拆开，分开”。?
24. d)「句意」有些大学是州立的，有些是私立的，还有一些是宗教组织资助兴办的。?
「难点」endow意为“资助，向…捐钱”;entitle意为“给…权力;给资格”，常与to连用;endeavor意为“努力，尽力;尝试”;ensure意为“保证，担保”。?
25. b)「句意」另外，还有为残疾人开办的特殊公共学校，还有为有其他特殊需要的人开办的学校，还有为天才学生开设的快班课程和拓展课程。
「难点」handicapped意为“有生理缺陷的，智力低下的”，the handicapped意为“残疾人”。indulge意为“放任，纵容，娇养”;kidnap意为“诱拐，绑架”;invalid意为“无效的，作废的”。
i 定语从句
1.先行词为all， anything， something， nothing， everything， much， little， none等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。在大多数情况下that可以省略.
please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.
that’s all (that) we can do at the moment.
2.as引出的限制性定语从句
在such … as的结构中as可作关系代词，引出限制性定语从句。有时和same连用，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。
such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
i’ve never seen such a talented young man as he is.
i have the same trouble as you (have)。
3.as引出的非限制性定语从句
as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，通常译为“(正)如…一样”，“(正)象…一样”等。as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面.
i live a long way from work， as you know.
she did not， as her friend had feared， break down.
as is generally accepted， economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
4.分隔式定语从句
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但有时会被其他句子成分与先行词隔开，从而构成分隔式定语从句。
the days are gone when power politics worked.
a new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you french.
5.介词+关系代词(which/whom等)引出的定语从句
如果关系代词(which/whom等)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可以提到从句前，构成“介词+关系代词(which/whom等)+定语从句”。在这种结构中关系代词不可以用that。
this is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.
the four travelers with whom i shared the room were pleasant people.
6.关系代词在限制性定语从句中常可以省略，一般有以下几种情况：
1) 关系代词在从句中作直接宾语时，在大多数情况下可以省略。
this is something (that) you must always keep in mind.
the man (whom) you just met is our manager.
关系代词作介词宾语时，介词位于句尾时关系代词可以省略;介词位于关系代词之前时则关系代词不能省略。
this is the room (which) churchill was born in.
this is the room in which churchill was born.(which不可省略)
2) 关系代词作主语时一般不能省略，但如果关系代词在由there … be存在句构成的定语从句中作主语时常可省略。
this is the only book (that) there is on this subject.
the old professor made full use of the time (that) there was left to him to continue his research.
3) 在way后面的定语从句中in which或that通常省略。
that’s the way (that/in which) i look at it.
i don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.
7.非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句修饰先行词或整个主句，起补充说明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定语从句要用逗号与主句隔开，其引导词不能用that。非限制性定语从句属于正式语体。经常考到的非限制性定语从句有以下三种。
1)由which、as引导的非限制性定语从句。which、as代表整个主句。
he said that he had never seen her before， which was not true.
china is still a developing country， which is known to all of us.
2)由 “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
he sent her a letter， in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.
he failed to pass the exam， because of which his parents scolded him.
4) 由 “数词、代词或名词+of +关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
he had three sons， one of whom was my son’s classmate.
there are about twenty students in this course， most of whom are freshmen.
they are two different words， the spellings of which are easily confused.
Ⅱ 状语从句
状语从句中以下四种从句考得较多，这里给予简单介绍。
1) 时间状语从句
时间状语从句主要由以下连词引导：when， whenever， as， while， since， until， till， before， after， as soon as， once， hardly (scarcely) … when， no sooner … than。
i will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.
he didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework.
you have changed a lot since we met last time.
时间状语从句还可由某些可充当连词的名词(the moment， the instant， every time，等)和副词(instantly， directly等)引导：
i will tell you the news the instant i know.
directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.
note：
①before除了可表示 “在…之前”外，还可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力量相比较大，可译为“…才”。(“not … before” 可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的力量相比较小，可译为“…就”)。
it was a long time before i got to sleep again.
they had not been married a month before they quarreled.
②如果位于when引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完成时或“was/were about to， was/were on the point of”等结构时，when表示突然发生某事，可译为“正在…突然”或“刚…就”等。这时，不能够用as或while来代替when。
i was walking on the street when i ran into my old friend john.
she had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.
we were about to leave when it began to rain.
2) 条件状语从句
条件状语从句主要由以下连词引导：if， unless， providing/provided (that)， suppose/supposing (that)， on condition (that)， as/so long as， in case等。
so long as you work hard， you will surely achieve good results in examinations.
i shall return next thursday unless something unexpected happens.
i will go provided that you go with me.
please give this letter to john in case he comes.
3) 让步状语从句
让步状语从句主要由以下连词引导：though， although， even if， even though， whatever， however， whoever， wherever， no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介绍几种较特殊的让步状语从句。
(1)while引导的让步状语从句多放在句首，while相当于although，表示“尽管”，“虽然”。
while i admit i did it， i didn’t intend to.
while i understand what you say， i can’t agree with you.
(2)短语“even now/then/so”相当于“though it is/was true”，表示“尽管如此”，“尽管这样”。
the fire was out， but even so， the smell of smoke was strong.
i’ve tried my best， but even now/then she is not satisfied.
(3) as引导的让步状语从句要倒装。
child as he was， he could speak four languages.
hard as she tried， she failed to get the job.
4) 比较状语从句
比较状语从句主要由以下连词引导：(not) as … as， (not) the same as， (not) such … as， not so … as， than， the + 比较级…， the +比较级…等。
we have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.
she can speak english as fluently as her teacher (can)。
Ⅲ 宾语从句
1) 及物动词后的宾语从句
有些动词的宾语从句前还可有一个间接宾语。
i remember that we have learned this word before.
i don’t understand what you have said.
she asked the teacher how she could learn english well.
2) 介词的宾语从句
it depends on whether you want to do it or not
there is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.
note： 在介词in后面跟that引导的宾语从句中，in that可看成是一个固定的搭配，表示“因为”或“在…方面”。
the evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal means.
a turtle differs from all other reptiles in that it has its body encased in a protective shell of its own.
一、in case用作副词性短语
in case用作副词时，其意为“以防万一”。如：
Better take an umbrella in case. 最好带把伞，以防下雨。
The dog was chained, but I carried a stick in case. 狗是用链条锁住的，但我带着一根棍子以防万一。
注：
in case的副词性用法，可视为其后省略了一个目的状语从句，其意为表示“以防有什么情况”。如：
The sun is shining, but I'll take an umbrella just incase (it should rain). 现在是晴天，但我还是带上雨伞以防万一。
The bus is usually on time, but start early, just in case (you are late). 公共汽车一般是准时的，但还是早一点走好，以防有什么情况。
二、形容词absent后接介词说明
absent用作形容词，意为“缺席的”。要表示“做某事缺席”，其后常接介词 from.如：
Some students were absent from class. 有些学生上课缺席。
They were absent from work that day. 他们那天都没有上班。
有时根据不同的语境，也可能使用不同的介词。如：
He's absent in Beijing. 他外出了，现在北京。
比较：
He's absent from Europe. 他不在欧洲。
He's absent in Europe. 他外出了，现在欧洲。
用作形容词，有时表示“心不在焉”、“茫然的”等，通常只用作定语。如：
He had an absent look on his face. 他脸上露出茫然的神色。
absent-minded意为“心不在焉的”、“健忘的”( 可用作表语或定语)。如：
He is always absent-minded. 他老是心不在焉。
alive的用法
1.关于比较等级的使用
表示“活着的”、“在世的”，其反义词是dead(死的);没有比较等级的变化。但表示“有活力的”、“活泼的”等义时，可以有比较等级的变化，且通常要加more，most 构成。如：
My grandfather is more alive than a lot of youngpeople. 我爷爷比许多年轻人还有生气。
2.关于用作定语
通常不放在名词前作定语，但可作作表语或后置定语。如：
He must be still alive. 她一定还活着。
He‘s the happiest man alive. 他在世界上最幸福的人。
Although he is old, he is very much alive. 虽然他很老了，但还很有生气。
注意：
但是若本身带有修饰语，则可以用作前置定语：
a really alive student 一个十分活跃的学生
a really alive town 一个十分热闹市镇
除用作表语和有时用作定语外，alive有时还用作状语或补语。如：
He was buried alive. 他被活埋了。
The spy was caught alive. 特务被活捉了。
I‘m afraid he can't come back alive. 恐怕他不能活着回来。
3.关于修饰语的使用
一般不用very修饰，但可用 much，very much，all等修饰。如：
He is (very) much alive. 他非常活跃。
The city was all alive when we arrived. 我们到达时，城里非常热闹。
但是当 alive(to)表示“意识到”(=aware of)时，可用very修饰。如：
He is very alive to the danger. 他完全意识到了这危险。
4.用于搭配be alive with
该习语意为“充满”、“到处是”。如：
The woods are alive with birds. 树林中到处是鸟。
The street was alive with people. 街上挤满了人。
The sky was alive with stars. 满天星斗。
5.alive，living，live的区别
三者均可表示“活着”，但用法有区别：
(1)alive通常不放在名词前作定语 (可用作表语或后置定语)，但是本身有修饰语时，可用作前置定语等 (见以上分析和例句);主要用于人或动物。
(2)living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如：
Both plants and animals are living things. 动植物都是生物。
My first English teacher is still living? 我的英语启蒙老师还健在。
English is a living language. 英语是一门活生生的语言。
从含义上看alive与living都可表示“活着”，含义很接近，只要句法适合，两者有时可互换。如：
the greatest scientist alive = the greatest living scientist 当代最伟大的科学家
Are your grandparents still alive [living]? 你祖父母还健在吗?
若要严格区分，两者仍有差别。如：
living 侧重指“健在”或“尚在人间”，而alive则侧重指生与死的“界限”：
In the car accident the mother was killed, but her two-year-old son was found alive. 在这次车祸中，母亲死了，但是她两岁的儿子却还活着。
(3)live 只用作定语 (前置)，主要用于动物、植物等 (一般不用于人) .如：
He bought some live fish. 他买了几条活鱼。
Only a few live trees were left after the fire. 火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着。
unless与if…not
unless和if not均可表示“如果不”，有时用法相同，有时不同，请看题：
You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up.
A. unless B. as C. if not D. until
此题应选 A.容易选C.其实C只是词序不对，若改为……ifyou don't hurry up 也是对的。在许多情况下，连词until与if…not同义，且可换用(表示一种否定的条件)。
要是不下雨，我们就去。
正：We shall go unless it rains.
正：We shall go if it doesn't rain.
我不打电话给你，你就不要来。
正：Don't come unless I phone you.
正：Don't come if I don't phone you.
从以上两例可以看出，unless有时可以与if not换用，但if not中的not必须位于从句谓语中，而不能直接与if连用在一起。但是注意，即使如此，两者也并不是永远可以换用的：
一般说来，两者互换的场合只限于：当我们要去结束一个已经存在的想法或状态时(而不是去开始一种新的想法或状态)。试体会：
I'll stay at home unless I am invited (=if I am not invited) to the party. 要是不邀请我去参加 晚会，我就呆在家里。(即“邀请我参加晚会”会结 束“我将呆在家里”这一现在的打算)
若要表示所述条件会导致一种新的想法或情况，通常要用if…not，而不用unless.试体会：
I'll be angry if I'm not invited to the party. 如果不邀请我参加晚会，我会生气的。(即“不邀请我去参加晚会”会导致一种新情况—-“我会生气”)
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