下面是小编精心整理的雅思阅读真题应该如何使用（共含10篇），仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“Pulp”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
你真的知道雅思阅读真题如何使用吗?剑雅真题不只是刷题利器，深度使用还能作为雅思阅读，口语和写作的提分利器，一起来了解一下雅思阅读真题的正确使用方法吧。
雅思阅读真题 应该如何使用?
雅思阅读备考初期，雅思阅读单项训练
剑雅真题的出版顺序是根据时间来安排的，换言之剑桥12的题目和文章来源距离现在更近。早期，大多数烤鸭在课程培训期接受的也是单项题型技巧的讲解。这时候如果按照单项题型进行有针对性，有密度的真题练习，可以很好的巩固课堂所学内容。此时不宜做套题训练，因为在对整个雅思阅读题型体系不完全了解的情况下做套题，很可能混淆题型和相应的技巧，也会造成有限的真题资源的浪费。
单项题型练习时，须注意学会探究和总结，千万不可将目光局限于正确率。答案的正确与否虽然从一定程度上可以表明对知识点的掌握，但从错误中学习更有利于从本质上提高。每种题型的考点都不一样。
比如summary(归纳摘要)，更注重考查的是对空格上所填单词的预测判断，所以在练习后，更多的是总结常考的语法点，固定搭配。比如：剑桥5“Johnson’s Dictionary”的summary题中一个空格：a number of___, who… 空格上填写的应是可数名词复数形式，而且表示人，在找寻答案时，我们会更关注-s/-es为结尾的词，且和人有关。再如：剑桥6“The Climate Change and The Inuit” summary题中第一空：engage in___这里考察的是一个固定搭配“engage in doing sth. ”忙于从事某事。如果知道这个固定搭配，答案很快就会锁定在有动词ing形式的单词上。
而Matching题中的细节配对题考查的主要是对近义词的熟练把握和对不同文体的文章结构的了解。比如剑桥4 “Obtaining Linguistic Data”中的一道细节配对，“how the informant can be helped to be less self-conscious”，同义替换的意识可以总结出来，less是little的比较级，表示否定，去原文找表示否定含义的词;conscious的高频替换对象是aware, 这样找答案时目标就更加明确了。所以，在做任何其他题型的时候都注意题目和原文的近义词累积会有助于细节配对题的做题效率。
另外如果对说明文，议论文，实验报告类文章的结构非常熟悉，也有利于配对题预测答案所在段落，也就是说除了总结题型之外，总结文章的写作模式也很重要。是非无判断题，在做题后，需多多总结归类判断题的考点：比如在整个剑桥系列真题中常考察比较级，最高级，数字(时间)等。
但大家在做单项练习时，应适当留出一些完整的套题供后期使用。建议单项练习用剑桥4-8
雅思阅读备考复习冲刺阶段，雅思阅读套题训练
在完全掌握了雅思阅读的各项题型技巧后，需要用套题来拉近和考试的联系。因为在单项题型练习时，很多学生的正确率很不错，但到了各项题型杂糅在一起，做套题训练时，水准就会有明显下降。这是因为：
a. 很多同学无法选择合理的做题顺序，导致易得分的题目没有时间做，难题花了大把的时间也并没有有助于正确率。经过套题练习，主要是能够快速反应不同的题型配备，用不同的先后做题顺序。
b. 每项题型的技巧都不相同，是否有顺序原则也各异，快速的反应并在各种题型之间转换会给考生造成一定的困难，所以前期对各项题型技巧的完备掌握甚是重要。在做套题时一定要有时间的控制，每篇文章不超过20min,这样才更能模拟考试现场。
雅思阅读真题精读训练
众所周知，剑桥雅思真题的文章和历年考过的话题在实际考试中会出现重复的可能性，即所谓旧文章，比如，曾经在考试中出现的“New Ice Age”就和我们剑桥真题8的“The Little Ice Age”几乎一样。如果之前对该话题有所涉及或对文章做过精读，考试时自然对这篇的理解和做题驾轻就熟。精读文章的目的一来是了解话题的背景知识，再者可以累积话题的高频词汇，遇到同话题文章，生词问题迎刃而解。比如剑桥4的第一篇关于“rainforest”的文章和剑桥 7“deforestation”一文，在结构(平行结构)和高频词上就有很多雷同之处。此外，从根本上提高阅读能力的途径是精读文章，只有这样才能锻炼处长难句的能力。当然，不是每篇文章都有精读的价值，比如剑桥5上“Bakelite”一文话题过于专业，和其他话题的文章融合度小，就无需精读。一些在机经中常出现的话题则是我们选取精读文章的标准，比如环境类，教育类，文化类。
利用剑雅阅读真题做口语、写作的观点来源
口语，写作考试中常常出现考生对话题不熟或紧张无法给出好观点的情况，这时候，阅读真题中的一些好文章正好成为了观点供应商。比如：剑桥5的“The impact of Wilderness Tourism”就是一篇很好的环境类文章的参照。
作为广大雅思考神的权威备考复习材料，合理有效的使用会起到事半功倍的效果。在不同的复习阶段，希望考生能够充分利用好这本雅思真题，吃透它。
雅思考试阅读模拟题
Felicity Lawrence
Thursday December 28,
The Guardian
1. Consumers are to be presented with two rival new year advertising campaigns as the Food Standards Agency goes public in its battle with the industry over the labelling of unhealthy foods.
2. The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain’s obesity epidemic.
3. The campaign is a direct response to a concerted attempt by leading food manufacturers and retailers, including Kellogg’s and Tesco, to derail the system. The industry fears that traffic lights would demonise entire categories of foods and could seriously damage the market for those that are fatty, salty or high in sugar.
4. The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth ?1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar.
5. The industry is planning a major marketing campaign for a competing labelling system which avoids colour-coding in favour of information about the percentage of “guideline daily amounts” (GDAs) of fat, salt and sugar contained in their products.
6. The battle for the nation’s diet comes as new rules on television advertising come into force in January which will bar adverts for unhealthy foods from commercial breaks during programmes aimed at children. Sources at the TV regulators are braced for a legal challenge from the industry and have described the lobbying efforts to block any new ad ban or colour-coded labelling as “the most ferocious we’ve ever experienced”.
7. Ofcom’s chief executive, Ed Richards, said: “We are prepared to face up to any legal action from the industry, but we very much hope it will not be necessary.” The FSA said it was expecting an onslaught from the industry in January. Senior FSA officials said the manufacturers’ efforts to undermine its proposals on labelling could threaten the agency’s credibility.
8. Terrence Collis, FSA director of communications, dismissed claims that the proposals were not based on science. “We have some of the most respected scientists in Europe, both within the FSA and in our independent advisory committees. It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSA’s scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.”
9. The FSA is understood to have briefed its ad agency, United, before Christmas, and will aim to air ads that are “non-confrontational, humorous and factual” as a counterweight to industry’s efforts about the same time. The agency, however, will have a tiny fraction of the budget available to the industry.
10. Gavin Neath, chairman of Unilever UK and president of the Food and Drink Federation, has said that the industry has made enormous progress but could not accept red “stop” signs on its food.
11. Alastair Sykes, chief executive of Nestlé UK, said that under the FSA proposals all his company’s confectionery and most of its cereals would score a red. “Are we saying people shouldn’t eat confectionery? We’re driven by consumers and what they want, and much of what we do has been to make our products healthier,” he said.
12. Chris Wermann, director of communications at Kellogg’s, said: “In principle we could never accept traffic light labelling.”
13. The rival labelling scheme introduced by Kellogg’s, Danone, Unilever, Nestlé, Kraft and Tesco and now favoured by 21 manufacturers, uses an industry-devised system based on identifying GDAs of key nutrients. Tesco says it has tested both traffic lights and GDA labels in its stores and that the latter increased sales of healthier foods.
14. But the FSA said it could not live with this GDA system alone because it was “not scientific” or easy for shoppers to understand at a glance.
(626 words)
Questions 1-6
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
1. When will instructions be given on reading the color-coded labels?
2. Where can customers find the red light labels?
3. What problem is the FSA trying to handle with the labeling system?
4. Which product sells well but may not be healthy?
5. What information, according to the manufacturers, can be labeled on products?
6. What can not be advertised during children’s programmes?
Questions 7-13
Use the information in the text to match the people (listed A-E) with the opinions (listed 7-13) below. Write the appropriate letter (A-E) for questions 1-7.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
A Ed Richard
B Terrence Collis
C Gavin Neath
D Alastair Sykes
E Chris Wermann
7. Generally we will not agree to use the red light labels.
8. It is unreasonable to doubt if FSA is trustworthy.
9. We are trying to meet our consumers’ needs.
10. The food industry has been improving greatly.
11. The color-coded labeling system is scientific.
12. Our products will be labeled unhealthy by the FSA.
13. We are ready to confront the manufacturers.
雅思考试阅读模拟题答案
Answer keys:
1. 答案：(in) January (见第2段：The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain’s obesity epidemic.)
2. 答案：food packs/packaging (见第2段：The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain’s obesity epidemic. 或者在第4段中也提到另一个答案：The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth ?1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar.)
3. 答案：(Britain’s) obesity epidemic (见第2段：The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain’s obesity epidemic.)
4. 答案：(breakfast) cereals (见第4段：The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth ?1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar.)
5. 答案：guieline daily amounts/GDAs (见第5段：The industry is planning a major marketing campaign for a competing labelling system which avoids colour-coding in favour of information about the percentage of “guideline daily amounts” (GDAs) of fat, salt and sugar contained in their products.)
6. 答案：unhealthy foods (见第6段第1句：The battle for the nation’s diet comes as new rules on television advertising come into force in January which will bar adverts for unhealthy foods from commercial breaks during programmes aimed at children.)
7. 答案：E (见第12段：Chris Wermann, director of communications at Kellogg’s, said: “In principle we could never accept traffic light labelling.” )
8. 答案：B (见第8段最后一句：It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSA’s scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.)
9. 答案：D (见第11段最后1句：We’re driven by consumers and what they want, and much of what we do has been to make our products healthier.)
10. 答案：C (见第10段:Gavin Neath, chairman of Unilever UK and president of the Food and Drink Federation, has said that the industry has made enormous progress but could not accept red “stop” signs on its food.)
11. 答案：B (见第8段：Terrence Collis, FSA director of communications, dismissed claims that the proposals were not based on science. “We have some of the most respected scientists in Europe, both within the FSA and in our independent advisory committees. It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSA’s scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.”)
12. 答案：D (见第11段第1句：Alastair Sykes, chief executive of Nestlé UK, said that under the FSA proposals all his company’s confectionery and most of its cereals would score a red.)
13. 答案：A (见第7段第1句：Ofcom’s chief executive, Ed Richards, said: “We are prepared to face up to any legal action from the industry, but we very much hope it will not be necessary.”)
雅思听力真题有哪些?听力真题应该如何利用?
一. 雅思听力真题之剑雅听力题
我们首先来说说雅思听力真题中利用价值最高的——剑雅听力真题。剑雅听力真题是雅思听力备考中非常优质的资料，它是雅思考试官方给出的资料，也是雅思之前考过的真题。因为是官方给出的资料，剑雅真题的完整度很高，不仅有听力音频，还附带有答案解析。因为其独有的高质量，小站君通常建议同学用剑雅听力的材料做精听练习，听懂听力材料中的每一个单词，吃透所有题目类型。除了做精听，剑雅真题还可以用来在备考初期和考前做模考练习。考试初期做模考可以了解自身的雅思听力水平从而更好备考，考前模考一方面可以适应雅思听力考试节奏，另一方面可以用模考成绩帮自己树立信心。
二. 雅思听力真题之听力真题回忆
接下来，我们再来看看我们通常会说到的另外一类雅思听力真题——雅思听力真题回忆。雅思听力真题回忆是雅思考生在考完试以后通过对该场考试回忆整理出来的听力题目。每次雅思听力考试结束后，网上都有很多关于雅思听力真题的回忆，这些真题回忆只能听力考题的大概内容，没有音频，而且准确度也不能保证。雅思听力真题回忆可以帮助大家把握最近雅思听力考试的新动向，大致了解雅思听力考试难度。小站君建议大家在看雅思听力真题回忆的时候多对比几份，选出重叠度最高的查看。
三. 雅思听力真题之听力机经预测
最后，我们再来说说雅思听力机经预测。雅思听力经预测其实也可以算入雅思听力真题的范畴。为什么?因为它是由雅思听力真题回忆整理而成的。通常在考试前，网上会有很多针对雅思听力考试的听力机经预测。这些机经预测资料大都不是很完整，而且质量良莠不齐，主要是供大家在考前冲刺阶段使用。雅思听力机经的使用价值是要高于真题回忆的，大家在考试前如果时间充足可以挑选一些高质量的雅思听力机经来看。
雅思大作文模板：免费教育优缺点
Task：Children's education is expensive. In some countries, the government pay some of or all of the costs. Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?
雅思大作文模板范文参考：
In an era of knowledge-based economy, education for all is a valued concept. The impacts of government funding on children's education have aroused widespread controversy. As far as I am concerned, potential benefits of this initiative overshadow its perceived drawbacks.
Admittedly, there may be challenges if governments offer to pay for all children's educational expenses. For one thing, taking full responsibility for next generation's education is likely to incur an enormous financial burden for governments. In other words, governments are accountable for not only education but other public services, such as public transport, health care, and so forth. For another, it is also possible that some parents will take advantage of this policy. To be specific, people who are not morally aware may take it for granted and refuse to contribute to their sons' and daughters' future development, thus failing to play their roles in parenting.
Nevertheless, governments' engagement in children's education brings more profoundly positive impacts.
First and foremost, providing education for children regardless of their races and ethnicities can effectively foster educational equality. For instance, in many underdeveloped areas of the world, multitudes of parents have to work overtime in order to pay mounting bills. In this regard, if governments share some of children's tuition fees and accommodation fees, this will be a real blessing for families that are economically disadvantaged.
Moreover, under no circumstances should authorities downplay and neglect children's education. A convincing example is No Child Left Behind Act in the United States. By investing a considerable amount of money in supporting elementary and secondary education, American government will, in a long term, promote overall social development and well-being of its people.
In brief, children's education deserves financial support from governments. Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that educating the next generation is a shared obligation for governments as well as individuals.
雅思大作文模板：给员工多放假吧
Task：Employers should give their staff at least a 4-week holiday a year to make employees better at their jobs. To what extend do you agree or disagree?
雅思大作文模板范文参考：
The lengths of annual holidays vary in different companies and different countries. Some people think that all employees are entitled to have at least 4 weeks of holidays every year. I believe that this practice would enhance the satisfaction of employees and promote the long-term development of the company.
Most employees would welcome the four-week long vocation, which means they would have more time to travel and stay with their family members. It is common for people to suffer from high stress in their work and taking more time off is an effective way to relieve this pressure. Those busy parents can take this vocation together with their children, which would increase their communication and enhance family cohesion. Some employees may take advantage of the holidays to attend training courses and improve their professional skills.
From the perspective of the company, some people may argue that long vocation would increase the labor cost and affect the normal operation. However, once the employee’s welfare is improved, they are expected to have more motivation to serve the company better. The company may need to hire more people and spend more money on human resources, but it will be rewarded in the long term if employees are happy with how they are treated in the company.
To summarize, I believe that 4-week holidays would be popular with people in workplaces as this policy can improve the quality of their lives and motivate them to make more contribution to the company. Therefore, it is also beneficial for the company’s long term development.
雅思阅读真题V57
第一篇（判断、选择）是说几个人研究蝴蝶，比较难。前几题是T/F/NG，后面是给段意让你选段落，段落大概是十来个，段意只有5，6个，不太好做。最后好象还有两道选择。我一共花了25分钟还做的不理想
passage1.三个科学家研究热带雨林蝴蝶。T/F/NG有六题。各位考过的朋友都分别有几个T几个F呢？然后是配对题个5、6，要求对应文中段落填对应段落号。接下来三个填空。 征集各位答案！
第二篇（选择、配对）是说古钱币的，非常简单。前面几个选择加上后面7，8个MATCHING，我只有一个来不及找了（怕最后一篇时间不够：（ ）
如果再碰到强烈建议先做，搞定十几题心里就有底了啊：）
passage2.关于各国各种古怪的钱币。四五个选择。第一个是问什么钱币通用于19世纪，我在B和D中犹豫，一个是silver coin一个是silver clot吧最后还是选了前者。然后是8、9个配对题，钱币和其性质的配对。
第三篇（判断、简答一个词、选择）是美国人关于运动员如何提高运动成绩的研究，不难。但我只有十五六分钟了，大家知道最后五分钟心理紧张，一般是起不了什么作用的。先是5，6个T/F/NG，然后是四个填空（容易），最后是三四道选择。我因为时间不够，最后做的T/F/NG只好全选F了，呜呜~~~
S3 （28-40）体育运动performance提高 5个TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVE 4 conclusions 3 choice
1．对体育成绩有记录开始于ABOUT 1900，我犹豫半天选对，原句：有记录于EARLY IN 19世纪，19的奥林匹克百米成绩是…马拉松是2：55分，而新的记录是2：05，提高了30% 第一段完毕
2．遗传可以FULLY完全解释为什么有些人成绩好，F，原文：遗传是最重要的原因，但也就能占1/3，没一个人能给出完全的.合理的解释，TRAINING弄好了比1/3还强
3.好基因的父母他们自己一定是很出色的运动员 NOT GIVEN，原文：你要是想当好运动员，你一定好好挑选父母。
4.有了记录数据后，很多人可以在很早的年纪就被发现体育特长 T原句：因为有基因数据和国际比赛重奖，所以可以使很早运动员就被发现。
5.最容易提高的成绩来自BURST OF ENERGY，短跑类。NOT GIVEN，没提及，就算有也是马拉松提高的最多。
NO MORE THAN：“1”WORD完成句子
XX教授把体育成绩和什么LINK到一起：GENETICS
XX教授认为什么更重要：TRAINING
XX教授把饮食DIET和什么联系一起：NUTRITIONTH
The key method to create new record is better TRAINING
Simple choice
1有些科学家研究运动员动作，（用录象三维拍摄）在哪方面比较有价值：
选择：运动员FITNESS的够不够 （原句：这种研究可按牛顿某定理得出结论：你跑的还不是最快的速度，因为你的胳膊还没挥到最大程度，不过这种研究的效果不大）
2.这些科学家研究了XX运动员（好象是个跳高的）后，这研究的作用是：explain the Xx’performance a：soften xx’ b：correct xx’ c：forget原句：XX成绩如此出色，他自己也不明白为什么，而体育家分析后发现原来的人们是如何如何做的，而XX是用soften方式得到的好成绩
3.XX教授认为我们目前对成绩原因的认识还在什么阶段：选：BASIC阶段，原文很清楚。
passage3.关于怎样提高运动员成绩的理论。开始5、6个T/F/NG题。然后是一个WORD的填空题，好像有training、injuries 最后三个填空有一个问某教授研究的理论对一跳高运动员的作用，我选explain的作用，还有一选项是cushion the jump.最后一题是问现在人们对运动员的研究在什么阶段，应选basic。
雅思阅读真题V54
第一篇 钱币的历史，题型：选择题，注意它的'出题方式，像heading但又不是，还有true/false/not give.
coins/how paper money made/paper/encaving/disadvantages of paper money
questions: match/yes,no, not given 不难。
第二篇 交通工具的发展，题型：heading和yes/no/not given
tram/bus/underground/movement pavement
Questions: find out where mentioned/ fill in/ true,false,ng
第三篇 有关人类运动体能的极限问题的研究。题型：true/false/not give，完成句子（不超过one word），还有选择。how atheletes improve performance?
Questions: true, false,ng/fill in blankets by one word
这次的阅读总体不难，但特别应注意读题目的要求。
雅思阅读真题精选:orientatin of birds
Migration of Birds
Orientation andNavigation
A .Factors in a bird'senvironment select for the expression of migratory behavior, leading to theevolution of a migratory pattern or, on the other hand, to the loss ofmigratory abilities. Factors in the environment function to provide direct,proximal stimulation for the physiological preparation for migration. Factorsin the environment also provide information that allows birds to navigateduring migratory passage. Navigation requires knowing three things: currentlocation, destination, and the direction to travel to get from the currentlocation to the destination. Humans eventually learned to use both the sun andthe stars to obtain this information. Recently we invented more precisesatellite-based technologies that have made these celestial cues fordetermining geographic positions superfluous and developed electronic aids tonavigation that allow orientation without reference to the natural environment.Birds have successfully navigated for eons using environmental information.
B .Birds are not alone in their ability to navigatelong distances. Fish, mammals, and even insects make migratory journeys. Butthe clarion honking of geese moving in huge skeins across the vault of theheavens, the twittering of migrants filtering down out of the night sky, theflocks of newly arrived birds filling woodlands, fields, and mudflats makes usmost aware of the seasonal movements of birds and fills us with awe and wonderas to how such a magnificent event can be accomplished season after season,year after year, with such unerring precision.
C .Of the three kinds of information necessary fornavigation, we know something about the environmental cues that birds use to orienttheir migratory flight in the proper direction. On the other hand, there alsois well-supported experimental evidence that birds use neither the positions ofthe sun or the stars to know where they are or where they are to go. It hasbeen shown, however, that birds must learn both the location of the winteringarea as well as the location of the breeding area in order to navigateproperly, but we have no idea what information they are learning. Nor do weknow what cues birds use to know the location of their migratory destinationwhen they are in their wintering locale, often thousands of miles away. Therecapture of banded birds at the same places along the route of the migratoryjourney in subsequent years suggests that some species also learn the locationof traditional stop-over sites, but how they do that remains a mystery.
Vector Navigation
D.European Starlings passthrough Holland on their migration from Sweden, Finland, and northwesternRussia to their wintering grounds on the channel coast of France and thesouthern British Isles. Perdeck transported thousands of starlings from TheHague to Switzerland, releasing these banded birds in a geographic location inwhich the population had never had any previous experience. The subsequentrecapture of many of these banded birds demonstrated that the adults, which hadpreviously made the migratory flight, knew they had been displaced and returnedto their normal wintering range by flying a direction approximately ninetydegrees to their usual southwesterly course. The juveniles, which had nevermade the trip before, in contrast, continued to fly southwest and wererecaptured on the Iberian peninsula. These first-year birds “knew”what direction to fly, but did not recognize they had been displaced, thusending up in an atypical wintering range. In subsequent years these now adultbirds returned to again winter in Spain and Portugal. Coupled with anotherdisplacement of starlings to the Barcelona coast in Spain, Perdeck concludedthat the proper direction of the migratory flight was innate, that is,inherited in their DNA, since the naive juveniles could fly that direction, andthat the birds were also genetically programmed to fly a set distance. This isthe same vector or dead-reckoning navigation program Lindberg used to fly fromNew York to Paris by maintaining a given compass direction (or directions) fora predetermined time (i.e., distance). But this study demonstrated that thisnavigation system is modified by experience, since adults knew they were not inHolland any longer and knew that in order to get to their normal winteringgrounds they needed to fly a direction that they had never flown before! Theseresults are truly amazing. And we don't know how they did it.
E.Displacement studies in the Western Hemisphere usingseveral species of buntings also demonstrated that birds recognized they hadbeen moved and could fly appropriate, yet unique, routes to return to theirnormal range. Yet adult Hooded Crows transported latitudinally by over 600 km fromwintering grounds in the eastern Baltic to northwestern Germany failed torecognize this displacement. In the spring they oriented properly but migratedto Sweden, west of their normal breeding range. This species used vectornavigation, but did not know the location of its traditional destination. Sinceit is generally accepted that migratory behavior evolved independently againand again in different bird populations, a single explanation to fit all casesperhaps should not be expected.
Orientation Cues
F .Most of theeffort applied to understanding how birds make a migratory flight has beendirected toward environmental cues that birds use to maintain a particularflight direction. These cues are landmarks on the Earth's surface, the magneticlines of flux that longitudinally encircle the Earth, both the sun and thestars in the celestial sphere arching over the Earth, and perhaps prevailingwind direction and odors.
Landmarks are useful as a primarynavigation reference only if the bird has been there before. For cranes, swans,and geese that migrate in family groups, young of the year could learn thegeographic map for their migratory journey from their parents. But most birdsdo not migrate in family flocks, and on their initial flight south to thewintering range or back north in the spring must use other cues. Yet birds areaware of the landscape over which they are crossing and appear to use landmarksfor orientation purposes. Radar images of migrating birds subject to a strongcrosswind were seen to drift off course, except for flocks migrating parallelto a major river. These birds used the river as a reference to shift theirorientation and correct for drift in order to maintain the proper ground track.That major geographic features like Point Pelee jutting into Lake Erie or CapeMay at the tip of New Jersey are meccas for bird-watchers only reflects thefact that migrating birds recognize these peninsulas during their migration.Migrating hawks seeking updrafts along the north shore of Lake Superior or theridges of the Appalachians must pay attention to the terrain below them inorder to take advantage of the energetic savings afforded by these topographicstructures.
G.Since humans learned to use celestialcues, it was only natural that studies were undertaken to demonstrate thatbirds could use them as well. Soon after the end of the Second World War,Gustav Kramer showed that migratory European Starlings oriented to the azimuthof the sun when he used mirrors to shift the sun's image by ninety degrees inthe laboratory and obtained a corresponding shift in the birds' orientation.Furthermore, since the birds would maintain a constant direction even thoughthe sun traversed from east to west during the day, the compensation for thismovement demonstrated that the birds were keeping time. They knew whatorientation to the sun was appropriate at 9 a.m. They knew what different anglewas appropriate at noon, and again at 4 p.m. It has been recently shown thatmelatonin secretions from the light-sensitive pineal gland on the top of thebird's brain are involved in this response. Not only starlings but homingpigeons, penguins, waterfowl, and many species of perching birds have beenshown to use solar orientation. Even nocturnal migrants take directionalinformation from the sun. European Robins and Savannah Sparrows that wereprevented from seeing the setting sun did not orient under the stars as well asbirds that were allowed to see the sun set. Birds can detect polarized lightfrom sunlight's penetration through the atmosphere, and it has beenhypothesized that the pattern of polarized light in the evening sky is theprimary cue that provides a reference for their orientation.
Using the artificial night sky provided byplanetariums demonstrated that nocturnal migrants respond to star patterns.(quite analogous to Kramer's work on solar orientation, Franz Sauerdemonstrated that if the planetarium sky is shifted, the birds make acorresponding shift in their orientation azimuth. Steve Emlen was able to showthat the orientation was not dependent upon a single star, like Polaris, but tothe general sky pattern. As he would turn off more and more stars so that theywere no longer being projected in the planetarium, the bird's orientationbecame poorer and poorer. While the proper direction for orientation at a giventime is probably innate, Emlen was able to show that knowing the location of“north” must be learned. When young birds were raised under aplanetarium sky in which Betelgeuse, a star in Orion of the southern sky, wasprojected to the celestial north pole, the birds oriented as if Betelgeuse was“north” when they were later placed under the normally orientatednight sky, even though in reality it was south!
H.Radar studies have shown that birds domigrate above cloud decks where landmarks are not visible, under overcast skieswhere celestial cues are not visible, and even within cloud layers whereneither set of cues is available. The nomadic horsemen of the steppes of Asiaused the response of lodestones to the Earth's magnetic field to find theirway, and the hypothesis that migrating birds might do the same was suggested asearly as the middle of the nineteenth century. Yet it was not until themid-twentieth century that Merkel and Wiltschko demonstrated in a laboratoryenvironment devoid of any other cues that European Robins would change theirorientation in response to shifts in an artificial magnetic field that was asweak as the Earth's natural field. Although iron-containing magnetite crystalsare associated with the nervous system in homing pigeons, Northern Bobwhite,and several species of perching birds, it is unknown whether they areassociated with the sensory receptor for the geomagnetic cue. An alternatehypothesis for the sensory receptor suggests that response of visual pigmentsin the eye to electromagnetic energy is the basis for geomagnetic orientation.It has been shown, however, that previous exposure to celestial orientationcues enhances the ability of a bird to respond more appropriately when onlygeomagnetic cues are available.
Radar observations indicate that birdswill decrease their air speed when their ground speed is augmented by a strongtail wind. We also know that birds can sense wind direction as gusts rufflingthe feathers stimulate sensory receptors located in the skin around the base ofthe feather. Since there are characteristic patterns of wind circulation aroundhigh and low pressure centers at the altitude most birds migrate, it has beenhypothesized that birds could use these prevailing wind directions as anorientation cue. However, there presently is no experimental support for thishypothesis.
I.The sense of smell in birds wasconsidered for a long time to be poorly developed, but more recent evidencesuggests that some species can discriminate odors quite well. If the olfactorynerves of homing pigeons are cut, the birds do not return to their home loft aswell as birds whose olfactory nerves were left intact. A similar experiment hasdemonstrated that European Starlings with severed olfactory nerves returnedless often than unaffected control birds even at distances as great as 240 kmfrom their home roosts. And even more interesting, when these starlingsreturned to the nesting area the following spring, the starlings withnonfunctioning olfactory nerves returned at a significantly lower frequencythan the other starlings.
J.Considering the array of demonstratedand suggested cues that birds might use in their orientation, it is clear thatthey rely upon a suite of cues rather than a single cue. For a migrating birdthis redundancy is critical, since not all sources of orientation informationare equally available at a given time, nor are all sources of informationequally useful in a given situation.
Questions 1—8
The passage on the previous pages has eight sections labeled A-J
Which section mentions the following?
Write the correct letter A-Jin boxes1—8 on your answersheet.
1. The possible conclusion for migrating birds.
2. A description of olfactory nerves about birds’sdistance.
3. A description of Latitude about several species.
4. Insights from studies how young birds finddirection.
5. The ways birds can use for navigation.
6. Classes of animals for migratory movements.
7. The elements that birds have to navigation.
8. The birds use different cues to cope with weather.
Questions 9—11
Choose THREE letters A-F
Write your answers in boxes 9—11 on your answer sheet.
The list below gives some ways of regarding navigation.
Which THREE ways are mentioned by the writer of the text?
A. a exercise for young adult activity
B. Latitude for wintering ground
C. Physical surrounding
D. Weather cues
E. Satellite-based technologies
F. Places destination when they are in winter
Questions 12—14
Do the following statements agree with the information given in thepassage?
In boxes 12—14 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE ifthe statement agrees with the information
FALSE ifthe statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if thereis no information on this
12. Birds’ migratory flight is affected by using natural environment.
13. Fish, mammals and insects are not in their ability to makemigratory journeys.
14. Birds use cues to find their destination thousands of miles away.
雅思阅读需要特别注意的问题有哪些
总述篇：
雅思考试里的阅读部分答题时间1个小时，要求完成3篇文章共40个题目的解答，总计约3000词。其文章内容广泛，涉及动物学、人类学、管理、自然环境、医疗卫生等十个学科， 题目类型包括Headings 、true/false/not given、Short-answer questions、Summary 、Multiple Choice;Matching 、Sentence Completion、diagram/flowchart/table completion 等10种。除了平时刻苦做题外，考试当天还需要留意哪些注意事项呢?现在就从应考和心理两个方面简单谈一谈。
技巧篇：
一、发挥笔的作用：
雅思考试与托福不同，仍旧是传统的笔纸答题方式，更符合中国考生的阅读习惯。在阅读考试过程中，考生最好笔不离手，做好各种标记。在读文章时，记号可以起到突出重要内容，加深记忆的作用。
当需要在文章定位一些非特殊印刷体的关键词时，笔可以指引读者的视线，一方面可以加快阅读速度，同时又可以防止漏掉文中的重要信息。解题时用笔可以加快速度，比如，考生在审题时圈出关键词，就可以果断定位原文，同样，用笔还可以排除无关选项，进一步缩小范围提高正确率。
二、正确填涂答题卡
和听力部分不同，阅读考试是没有留出时间让考生将答案抄誊到答题卡上。所以，各位烤鸭一定要将答案直接写在答题卡上，以免浪费时间。各位烤鸭可以做1道，涂1道。也可以在做完整篇文章后，将答案一起抄誊。最怕的是四十个答案全部写在了卷子上而没有时间誊，一旦考试时间截止，你的这次考试阅读成绩就是零，因为雅思根本不批改你的试卷而只以答题卡上的答案来计分。
不过注意一定要对应题号，千万不要张冠李戴。需要提醒的是，true/false/not given这样的题目，写答案的时候尽量写完整的单词，如true,最好不要用T来代替。
另外，答题卡上千万不能留空。雅思阅读的评分标准是答错题不倒扣分，所以，即使不确定答案交卷前也一定要蒙一个答案，尤其是有选项的题目。MBA的考试中有句名言，题目做不出来是个人技术问题，没人怪你;不会做空在那里不填，是情商问题!
三、先易后难把题挑
从节省时间的角度来说，考生最好遵循由易到难的原则。3篇文章里，选择你最熟悉的内容、学科开始做起。人们对于自己熟悉的内容总会有着天生的亲切和轻松，更容易正常发挥。同1篇文章里，题目也要先易后难。
通常来讲，填空类别的题目通常最简单，如：table/chart/diagram, summary, sentence completion, short answer questions等，可以先做。选择类的通常都较难，例如：T/F/NG, List of headings, Which paragraph contains the following information等，可以放到后面做。因为这些题目绝大多数是细节型考题。在做完类似headings 这样的题型后，考生对于文章的结构和大一都有比较清晰地了解，在这个基础上再完成细节题定位会更加准确，节约时间且提高正确率。
雅思阅读必知的高频关系词
雅思阅读高频关系词1.表转折：
but, however, yet, in fact, on the other hand;
A, but B: 否定A而肯定B，则A，B两部分内容是相反的。
例如：Computerized data storage and electronic mail were to have heralded the paper less office. But, contrary to expectations, paper consumption throughout the world shows no sign of abating .
解释：paper less 表示负向，则but后no sign of abating 表示正向，所以abating是表示负向的词。
总结：此种方法有利于在不认识单词的前提下读懂句子意思，很有帮助，但一定要练习，而且要敏感。
练习：The marginal costs of generating electricity from nuclear energy may be tiny, but , as the technology now stands, huge and uncertain costs are involved in building the power stations, dealing with spent fuel, and decommissioning.
雅思阅读高频关系词2.表让步：
(1)although：although A, B:尽管有A，B还是出现了(A，B互不影响)若A是正，那B就是负的。
例如：Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle, without adequate supplies of food, Lampe says, chaos could easily result in many countries.
解释：miracle奇迹，表正向,则but后的chaos是一个表负向的词。
(2)while：五个含义：
A. although：虽然，尽管
B. as long as：只要
C. whereas, but：表转折
D.when：当。。。的时候
E. n. 表一段时间
例如：While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given greater quality of food, especially if regular eggs are desired.
解释：原文在本段之前讲鸭子的好，在本段之后讲它的不好。
(3)Albeit：尽管，虽然
例如：Albeit true but not now.
雅思阅读高频关系词3.表并列：A and B
A...and B...
(1) 并列双方性质相同;
(2) 当A、B都比较复杂时，应该从最后一项找起，根据B的形式到前文找到A
例如：The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.
解释：此句话中共有四个and ,第一个and 并列of 结构，第二个and 并列fumes和toxic,第三个and并列taxicabs, lorries 和buses, 第四个and并列full of …, torn by… 和thronged…
雅思阅读高频关系词4.表递进：没有转折的意思，后项承接上文。
A furthermore B
A moreover B
A besides B
A为正向，B 仍为正向。
雅思阅读高频关系词5.表顺序或过程：
(1) first, then, next, later on, finally
(2) 1st, 2nd, 3rd…
(3) in the first place, in the second place…
(4) before…, after…
(5) once, until, as soon as,…
雅思阅读高频关系词6.特殊的关键词：人名，地名，时间，数字，生词(这是最好的定位标准，多以A---A形式重现)
雅思阅读高频关系词7.比较级：类比
对比
(1) as…as, like 类比
(2) more…than, unlike 对比
(3) 不同的时间导致强的对比关系
例如：一段讲1840年,…
19.。。
二段讲出现了A++(生词)…
问题是，20人们有了A++, 1840年的时候人们没有什么?
(4) 不同的地点导致强对比关系
例如：In Australia, only,….
In Asia, many, A(生词)
问题是，Australia缺什么?
雅思阅读高频关系词8.例如：A for example = ：=—— B
A是理论，B是解释
雅思阅读高频关系词9.因果关系：
(1) 大因果关系/分句间因果关系(即：原因、结果是两句话)
because, in that, as, since, for, so(that), therefore, thus, hence, as a result
(2) 小因果关系/句内因果关系(在一句话中，通过v.来表达)
例如：Increased air temperature brought about higher sea levels.
Cause, lead to, result in/ from, contribute to, pose, help, create, affect, influence, attribute to.
Attribute A to B, 把A归因于B (因为B所以A)
雅思阅读真题精选:orientatin of birds
Otter
A
Otters have long, thin bodies and short legs – ideal for pushing through dense undergrowth or hunting in tunnels. An adult male may be up to 4 feet long and 30lbs. Females are smaller typically. The Eurasian otter’s nose is about the smallest among the otter species and has a characteristic shape described as a shallow ‘W’. An otter’s tail (or rudder, or stern) is stout at the base and tapers towards the tip where it flattens. This forms part of the propulsion unit when swimming fast underwater. Otter fur consists of two types of hair: stout guard hairs which form a waterproof outer covering, and under-fur which is dense and fine, equivalent to an otter’s thermal underwear. The fur must be kept in good condition by grooming. Seawater reduces the waterproofing and insulating qualities of otter fur when saltwater in the fur. This is why freshwater pools are important to otters living on the coast. After swimming, they wash the salts off in pools and the squirm on the ground to rub dry against vegetation.
B
The scent is used for hunting on land, for communication and for detecting danger. Otterine sense of smell is likely to be similar in sensitivity to dogs. Otters have small eyes and are probably short-sighted on land. But they do have the ability to modify the shape of the lens in the eye to make it more spherical, and hence overcome the refraction of water. In clear water and good light, otters can hunt fish by sight. The otter’s eyes and nostrils are placed high on its head so that it can see and breathe even when the rest of the body is submerged. Underwater, the cotter holds its legs against the body, except for steering, and the hind end of the body is flexed in a series of vertical undulations. River otters have webbing which extends for much of the length of each digit, though not to the very end. Giant otters and sea otters have even more prominent webs, while the Asian short-clawed otter has no webbing – they hunt for shrimps in ditches and paddy fields so they don’t need the swimming speed. Otter’s ears are tiny for streamlining, but they still have very sensitive hearing and are protected by valves which close them against water pressure.
C
A number of constraints and preferences limit suitable habitats of otters. Water is a must and the rivers must be large enough to support a healthy population of fish. Being such shy and wary creatures, they will prefer territories where man’s activities do not impinge greatly. Of course, there must also be no other otter already in residence – this has only become significant again recently as populations start to recover. Coastal otters have a much more abundant food supply and range for males and females may be just a few kilometres of coastline. Because male range overlaps with two or three females – not bad! Otters will eat anything that they can get hold of – there are records of sparrows and snakes and slugs being gobbled. Apart from fish, the most common prey are crayfish, crabs and water birds. Small mammals are occasionally taken, most commonly rabbits but sometimes even moles.
D
Eurasian otters will breed any time where food is readily available. In places where the condition is more severe, Sweden for example where the lakes are frozen for much of winter, cubs are born in spring. This ensures that they are well grown before severe weather returns. In the Shetlands, cubs are born in summer when fish is more abundant. Though otters can breed every year, some do not. Again, this depends on food availability. Other factors such as food range and quality of the female may have an effect. Gestation for Eurasian otter is 63 days, with the exception of Lutra canadensis whose embryos may undergo delayed implantation. Otters normally give birth in more secure dens to avoid disturbances. Nests are lined with bedding to keep the cub’s warm mummy is away feeding.
E
Otters normally give birth in more secure dens to avoid disturbances. Nests are lined with bedding (reeds, waterside plants, grass) to keep the cub’s warm while is away feeding. Litter Size varies between 1 and 5. For some unknown reason, coastal otters tend to produce smaller litters. At five weeks they open their eyes – a tiny cub of 700g. At seven weeks they’re weaned onto solid food. At ten weeks they leave the nest, blinking into daylight for the first time. After three months they finally meet the water and learn to swim. After eight months they are hunting, though the mother still provides a lot of food herself. Finally, after nine months she can chase them all away with a clear conscience, and relax – until the next fella shows up.
F
The plight of the British otter was recognised in the early 60s, but it wasn’t until the late 70s that the chief cause was discovered. Pesticides, such as dieldrin and aldrin, were first used in1955 in agriculture and other industries – these chemicals are very persistent and had already been recognised as the cause of huge declines in the population of peregrine falcons, sparrow hawks and other predators. The pesticides entered the river systems and the food chain – micro-organisms, fish and finally otters, with every step increasing the concentration of the chemicals. From 1962 the chemicals were phased out, but while some species recovered quickly, otter numbers did not – and continued to fall into the 80s. This was probably due mainly to habitat destruction and road deaths. Acting on populations fragmented by the sudden decimation in the 50s and 60s, the loss of just a handful of otters in one area can make an entire population unviable and spell the end.
G
Otter numbers are recovering all around Britain – populations are growing again in the few areas where they had remained and have expanded from those areas into the rest of the country. This is almost entirely due to legislation, conservation efforts, slowing down and reversing the destruction of suitable otter habitat and reintroductions from captive breeding programs. Releasing captive-bred otters is seen by many as a last resort. The argument runs that where there is no suitable habitat for them they will not survive after release and where there is suitable habitat, natural populations should be able to expand into the area. However, reintroducing animals into a fragmented and fragile population may add just enough impetus for it to stabilise and expand, rather than die out. This is what the Otter Trust accomplished in Norfolk, where the otter population may have been as low as twenty animals at the beginning of the 1980s. The Otter Trust has now finished its captive breeding program entirely, great news because it means it is no longer needed.
Questions 1-9
The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-GWhich paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-G, in boxes 1-9 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1 A description of how otters regulate vision underwater
2 The fit-for-purpose characteristics of otter’s body shape
3 A reference to an underdeveloped sense
4 An explanation of why agriculture failed in otter conservation efforts
5 A description of some of the otter’s social characteristics
6 A description of how baby otters grow
7 The conflicting opinions on how to preserve
8 A reference to the legislative act
9 An explanation of how otters compensate for heat loss
Questions 10-13
Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBERfrom the passage for each answer
10 What affects the outer fur of otters?
11 What skill is not necessary for Asian short-clawed otters?
12 Which type of otters has the shortest range?
13 Which type of animals do otters hunt occasionally?
雅思阅读真题高效使用方法
一. 准备工作
在做雅思阅读真题之前我们有一些准备工作要做。首先要确保自己的阅读水平已经达到做题标准，能够读懂文章。如果基础没有打好，建议先打基础。雅思阅读基础包括两个方面：词汇和语法。这两项是英语学习的基础，也是雅思阅读的备考基础。雅思考试要求大家具备8000的词汇量，并且要掌握基本的语法知识。所以大家在做雅思阅读真题之前首先要确保自己词汇量已经达标，且已经掌握了基本的语法知识。
二. 精读练习
雅思阅读真题有必要做精读练习。雅思阅读真题能够帮助大家把握雅思考试的难度和出题方向。所以建议大家在精读练习的时候要读完整篇文章，及时查文章中的生词并积累下来，理解文章大意和篇章结构，积累文章的长难句，积累做错的题目并记录题型和出错原因。做完精读才算是将一篇雅思阅读真题彻底弄懂弄透彻了。
三. 模考练习
大家在用雅思阅读真题做练习的时候建议留下几套做考前模考练习。到了考前冲刺阶段，雅思阅读备考主要就是做模考练习，此时用雅思阅读真题来做模考练习无疑效果最好。模考练习的过程中要注意几个问题：1.不要通读文章直接带着问题找答案;2.坚持做完题再看答案;3.时间分配要合理(按照文章难易程度分配时间，原则上一篇阅读不超过20分钟)。雅思阅读模考练习是为了让大家在考前提前适应考试节奏，为雅思考试打好基础。
雅思阅读同义词转换：剑五test4
1. community=organization=group=body团体n.
2. fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.
3. remote=distant 遥远的 adj.
4. require=desire=order=command要求 v.
5. inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民 n.
6. consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此 adv.
7. destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.
8. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部 adv.
9. operate=act=run运转 v.
10. output=product输出，产品 n.
11. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.
12. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏 v.
13. revive=renaissance复兴 v.
14. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的 adj.
15. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.
16. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.
17. break=shatter=crack打碎，打破 v.
18. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.
19. insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称 v.
20. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.
21. suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制 v.
22. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速 v.
23. examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查 v.
24. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.
25. detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现 v.
26. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称 v.
27. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.
28. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的 adj.
29. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为
30. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使 v.
31. considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的 adj.
32. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾
33. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的 adj.
34. assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保 v.
35. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的 adj.
雅思阅读同义词转换：剑六test1
exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.
expertise=skill 专门技术n.
employ=analyze=study 使用v.
investigation=analysis 调查n.
narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.
reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.
funded support=finance 资金n.
athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.
calculate=measure 计算 v.
event=championship 赛事 n.
plan=prepare=design 计划 v.
improve=grow=get better 进步 v.
trade=economy 贸易n.
transport=import or export=deliver 运输 v.
local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.
weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.
value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.
delivery=export or import 运输 n.
nearby nations=geographic neighbours近邻 n.
international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的 adj.
shipping=freight 船运 n.
cargo=freight=goods 货物 n.
tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.
landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.
difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的 adj.
essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品 n.
supply=provision=support 供给 n.
grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长 v.
respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.
understanding=knowledge 了解 n.
well-being=health 健康 n.
impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.
catch=exploit=capture 抓捕 v.
surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.
push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限
not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的
present inhabitant=descendant 居民
give up=abandon 放弃
mainly=heavily=most 主要地
visit=venture 参观
雅思阅读
雅思最新阅读真题大全宝典一
第一篇 钱币的历史，题型：选择题，注意它的出题方式，像heading但又不是，还有true/false/not give.
coins/how paper money made/paper/encaving/disadvantages of paper money
questions: match/yes,no, not given 不难。
第二篇 交通工具的发展，题型：heading和yes/no/not given
tram/bus/underground/movement pavement
Questions: find out where mentioned/ fill in/ true,false,ng
第三篇 有关人类运动体能的极限问题的研究。题型：true/false/not give，完成句子（不超过one word），还有选择。how atheletes improve performance?
Questions: true, false,ng/fill in blankets by one word
这次的阅读总体不难，但特别应注意读题目的要求。
SEC1两个广告，
第一个是一些租房消息；有上十个房间广告，在试卷上整齐排列，然后题目问各种要求的房子应该选哪一个。我记得的几个：问想住能看到海的房间，是B。哪个房间离HOSPITAL较近，有两个，但一个是要乘车，另一个说走路1分钟，应该是后者。第二个是工作广告：需要一点体力的人的：有个广告中要搬重物，每周只工作两天的：自带汽车的，但好象不是选招司机那个广告，只需一个人做的，好象是照顾老人那个不分国籍的工作。
SEC2
一个电器说明书T/F/NG
SEC3澳洲黄金史
前五段的大意
T/F/NG
第一篇（判断、的选择）是说几个人研究蝴蝶，比较难。前几题是T/F/NG，后面是给段意让你选段落，段落大概是十来个，段意只有5，6个，不太好做。最后好象还有两道选择。我一共花了25分钟还做的不理想。
passage1.三个科学家研究热带雨林蝴蝶。T/F/NG有六题。各位考过的朋友都分别有几个T几个F呢？然后是配对题个5、的6，要求对应文中段落填对应段落号。接下来三个填空。征集各位答案！
第二篇（选择、的配对）是说古钱币的，非常简单。前面几个选择加上后面7，8个MATCHING，我只有一个来不及找了，怕最后一篇时间不够。如果再碰到强烈建议先做，搞定十几题心里就有底了啊。
passage2.关于各国各种古怪的钱币。四五个选择。第一个是问什么钱币通用于19世纪，我在B和D中犹豫，一个是silver coin一个是silver clot吧最后还是选了前者。然后是8、的9个配对题，钱币和其性质的配对。
第三篇（判断、的'简答一个词、的选择）是美国人关于运动员如何提高运动成绩的研究，不难。但我只有十五六分钟了，大家知道最后五分钟心理紧张，一般是起不了什么作用的。先是5，6个T/F/NG，然后是四个填空（容易），最后是三四道选择。我因为时间不够，最后做的T/F/NG只好全选F了，呜呜~~~
S3 （28-40）体育运动performance提高 5个TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVE 4 conclusions 3 choice
1、对体育成绩有记录开始于ABOUT 1900，我犹豫半天选对，原句：有记录于EARLY IN 19世纪，19的奥林匹克百米成绩是……马拉松是2：55分，而新的记录是2：05，提高了30%，第一段完毕。
2、遗传可以FULLY完全解释为什么有些人成绩好，F，原文：遗传是最重要的原因，但也就能占1/3，没一个人能给出完全的合理的解释，TRAINING弄好了比1/3还强。
3.好基因的父母他们自己一定是很出色的运动员 NOT GIVEN，原文：你要是想当好运动员，你一定好好挑选父母。
4.有了记录数据后，很多人可以在很早的年纪就被发现体育特长 T原句：因为有基因数据和国际比赛重奖，所以可以使很早运动员就被发现。
第三篇是7个HEADING，然后大概8个T/F/NG，文章最短。（用十分钟就搞定！）
1. Students' opinions about the tropical rain forest.（关于热带雨林的事）
2. Development about the atlases.（关于地图的发展）
3. Invention about the Mors
2002年雅思阅读、作文真题总结
以下是总结的雅思近一年的作文题目和8月以后的真题，还有比较全的CUECARD，祝大家在雅思考试中取得理想的成绩！
11月10日IELTS
task1：我最心痛的就是这个，一个表格一个柱状图，表格没有明显的特点，简直不知道怎么抓，以至花去大把时间，到老师说还有2min，我晕。
task2：一些国家把大把钞票花在国防上，有人认为应花在人民身上，agree/disagree?（类似新东方题）
task one the below table and bar chat provide the information of participation rates of the female students in higher education (college and university) in Europe, the USA and Canada in 1990s
1994 1996 1998 (%)
Europe 48 48 47
Demark 45 43 44
Swaziland -- 37 35
Germany 53 54 54
UK 49 51 52
USA 54 55 55
Canada 53 54 54
The percentage of female students in the field of study in Europe 1998 Write a report for the university.
Note: Maybe some data and courses are not same as the original test. But the charts are similar.
Task 2: Most countries spend a large amount of money in weapons to defend themselves though they are not at war. To the countries it should spend money to help the citizens for whom in the countries are poor and disadvantaged. To what extent do you agree or disagree this statement.
10月27日IELTS在网上有很多关于雅思A类的.文章,但G类的很少。因此特以此文写给正在准备G类的朋友们。27日在深圳考试. 晚上莫名的兴奋，到零晨一点多还没睡着，索性起来回顾考试。据说题目相同的机会还是很高的，因此尽我所能把答案回忆出来，希望对后来者有所帮助。
二、阅读 (version 20) 阅读本来是我的强项，没想到这次竟然翻船了。由于太粗心，居然把所有的判断对错的题都写成了TRUE OR FALSE OR NOT GIVEN，而其中有大约七。八道题是应该用YES OR NO 来答的。中间休息时听别人提起才知道, 很是生气，因此也影响了写作。所以我就不想回忆阅读部分了。
三、写作 (version 68) TASK 1 You took your family had a good meal in a local restaurant. Write a letter to the newsper to tell about it, describ the meal you had, and why you think the restaurant is worth for other people to visit.
TASK 2. Choose an invertion, telephone or computer, and tell how it has changed our life. Are the changes all possitive or negative?
★ 雅思写作真题
★ 雅思作文真题
★ 雅思写作真题总汇
