以下是小编帮大家整理的大学生英语口语错误分析及纠错策略（共含8篇），仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“ryh”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
大学生英语口语错误分析及纠错策略
语言错误是外语/二语习得中无法避免的现象.发现、分析、纠正学生的口语错误一直是课堂教学活动的'重要组成部分,而如何正确识别和纠正这些错误是一个相当复杂、有赖于教师妥善处理的问题.对错误进行正确的分类有助于教师采取恰当的纠错策略.因此,教师对学生常犯的一些口语错误进行科学的分析和分类,可以有针对性地提出一些比较可行的纠错策略和技巧.
作 者：谢斌 范献龙 XIE Bin FAN Xian-long 作者单位：中南大学,外国语学院,长沙,410012 刊 名：黑龙江教育学院学报 英文刊名：JOURNAL OF HEILONGJIANG COLLEGE OF EDUCATION 年，卷(期)： 26(12) 分类号：H319.9 关键词：英语口语 错误分析 错误分类 纠错策略口语教学中的错误分析及纠错策略
错误是第二语言习得过程中产生的一种不可避免的现象.其成因在于母语规则与目的语规则有差异.母语会对目的.语产生负迁移.通常,错误分为语际错误、语内错误两类.教师应对不同种类错误区别对待,在教学中才能有效消除错误.
作 者：吴楠 陈茜 作者单位：长沙市长沙民政学院应用外语系,湖南,长沙,410004 刊 名：考试周刊 英文刊名：KAOSHI ZHOUKAN 年，卷(期)： “”(13) 分类号：H3 关键词：口语教学 错误分析 策略大学生英语口语策略能力调查与分析
策略能力是交际能力中一个重要的组成部分.文章报告了对33名英语专业大学生和50名非英语专业大学生交际策略的观念和使用情况的'调查结果,发现在大学英语日常课堂教学环境下我国英语学习者能够模糊意识到交际策略的作用,并在一定程度上发展其第二语言口语交际的策略能力,但无论是英语专业还是非英语专业学生,都无法达到对各项交际策略的明确意识,无法达到有效地、充分地运用交际策略解决交际问题的程度.为此,文章呼吁将交际策略训练引入日常课堂教学.
作 者：赵玉荣 张艳莲 刘红刚 作者单位：河北科技师范学院,外语系,河北,秦皇岛,066004 刊 名：考试周刊 英文刊名：KAOSHI ZHOUKAN 年，卷(期)： “”(35) 分类号：H3 关键词：策略能力 交际能力 观念 使用频率考研英语短文写作格式错误及纠错分析
写作格式错误主要包括以下几个方面：题目的写法、文章的格式、大小写以及标点符号等四个方面。下面我们分别加以说明。
一、题目的写法
在考研作文中，考查的作文类型相对来说比较多。有的作文类型有时是不需要题目的，比如像有些图表类作文。但大多数作文类型对题目都是有要求的。因为题目是首先映入读者眼帘的，所以要注意题目的书写位置。一定要在试卷作文纸上的上方中间位置书写。同时还应在话题和正文之间留出一定的距离，即比正文行距稍宽一些。
其次，要注意题目的大小写，第一个单词的第一个字母和最后一个单词的第一个字母一定要大写。中间的单词除冠词、连词)但如连词的字母多于5个事，则大写)和介词外，其他的词都应该大写第一个字母。比如：
例1误：Attitudes toward Money
正：Attitudes Toward Money
二、文章的格式
(1)四边留空：卷面的四边一定要留出适当的空白。这样的文章才能整齐、美观，给人以清晰、明快的感觉。
(2)空格：文章的每段的首行一定要有统一的空格。三、大小写方面的错误
在考研文章的.评改过程中，有关大小写方面的错误层出不穷，这是考生的一个弱点。一般来说，大写规则有以下几条：
(1)大写每句话的第一个字母和直接引语的第一字母,如：
He said ,”He is going to Shanghai next week”.
(2)大写专有名词，或用作专有名词的部分普通名词，通常是缩略形式。如：
Dr G . G . East
(3)大写缩写字母。如：MPA ,MBA ,BBC
(4)文章标题要大写。
(5)头衔在专有名词前要大写，在专有名词后就小写。例如：
Captain Smith --------Smith,the captain
Uncle George-------- George ,my uncle四、标点符号错误及分析
考生在写文章时，一定要注意正确使用标点符号，切忌从头到尾只用逗号的现象。一定要熟练掌握常用标点符号的基本用法，尤其要正确使用逗号和分号。
在考研短文写作中，一定要注意句式的正确性和句型的变化性，即文章中不仅仅有简单句，也应该有结构复杂的句子。长短句交替会使文章增色不少。但应尽量避免使用结构过于复杂的句子和生硬、不贴切的词汇，还应避免中文式英语。另外还有如平行结构的使用等等。句子在语法形式上的错误主要表现在以下几个方面：
1、汉语式句子
汉语式句子就是完全按照汉语的思维模式而造出来的句子，他们经常出现在学生的习作里。比如：有的学生把“好好学习，天天向上”表达成Good good study,day day up .有的学生把“如果你敢唬我，我就给你两下子”表述成If you dare tiger me ,Iwill give you two down son .尽管这两个例子有点极端，但它们表明汉语式句子是作文中一个普遍存在的现象。
例1误：My English spoken is not good.
正：I am not good at spoken English. Or :My spoken English is not good.
2、主谓不一致
造句时要遵循的一个最基本的原则就是主谓一致原则。
例1误：One of these houses need repairing.
正：One of these houses needs repairing.
分析：这属于主谓一致方面的错误用法。One of +名词的复数形式，谓语应用单数。
3、平行结构误用
平行结构要求：同等重要的、并列的句子成分(思想或概念)要用同类的语法形式来表示，要用并列连词连接。在使用并列连词如and ,but ,or ,neither…nor, either…..or, not only….but also, both…and等时，所连接的应该是名词对名词，副词对副词，分词对分词，不定式对不定式，动词对动词，句子对句子，而不能把其中一个概念用分词结构表达，另外两个概念用不定式或从句来表达等。
(1)名词(短语)平行结构
例1误：The speaker called attention to the beginning and how it ended.
正：The speaker called attention to the beginning and end of the movement
(2)形容词平行结构
例1误：He was sympathetic,tolerant,and people respected him.
正：He was sympathetic,tolerant,and respected by people.
(3)分词平行结构
例1误：The boys were running,shouting and to laugh.
正：The boys were running,shouting and laughing.
(4)动名词平行结构
例1误：Jane prefers singing to dance.
正：Jane prefers singing to dancing.
(5)动词不定式平行结构
例1误：To know what is good and doing what is right is not the same thing
正：To know what is good and to do what is right is not the same thing
(6)副词平行结构
例1误：The work is handsome and skillfully done.
正：The work is handsomely and skillfully done.
(7)短语平行结构
例1误：Studies serve for delight ,for ornament ,and being able
正：Studies serve for delight ,for ornament ,and for ability
4、破句
破句又称为：“片语”，也是写作中经常出现的错误之一/简单地说，破句就是断句，它在语义上是不完整的、在语法上是不正确的。
例1误：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday,Trying to find a garage to repair my car .
正：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday,trying to find a garage to repair my car .
5、悬垂修饰语
修饰语必须非常明确地修饰句子中的某一个词或某一组词。悬垂修饰是指修饰语与其逻辑主语之间产生意义上的矛盾，或者在句子初看好像修饰某个词语，但实际上什么也没有修饰，使修饰语处于悬浮状态，无处着落。非谓语动词或介词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。如果句子主语不能充当其逻辑主语，就得另加上逻辑主语，否则该非谓语动词或介词短语便是悬垂结构了。
例3误：My term paper was finished sfter sitting up half the night.
正：After sitting up half the night , Ifinished my term paper.
英语教学中的错误分析及纠正策略
错误是语言学习过程中不可避免的自然现象.语言学习也是在大量的语言实践中不断出现错误并纠正错误借此提高学习者的`语言能力的.
作 者：张燕云 作者单位：毕节市教育学院 刊 名：贵州教育 英文刊名：GUIZHOU EDUCATION 年，卷(期)： “”(17) 分类号：H3 关键词：高考英语口试材料12套、广东高考英语口语考试题型分析及备考策略、提高高考英语听力的六大关键及高考英语听力应试注意事项
Test One
Part One
People do get hurt in “adventure sports” and the most dangerous is climbing, which kills eight people a year. But it is not always obvious which activities are dangerous. For instance, two people die every year in hanggliding accidents, but the same number are killed by badminiton, whereas six people a year die in fishing accidents! So “exciting” isn't always the same as “dangerous”. This is even more true when you consider the activities of every day life. Many more people die due to accidents in the home than from sports of any king.
Part Two
1.It's nice of you to show me around your school.
2.What about taking Bus No 104 to the Shanghai Railway Station?
3.I am sorry I have to leave now. I have to catch the last bus.
4.How did you enjoy the concert last night?
5.I wonder if I could use your mobile phone.
Part Three
(1-2)Your friend is inviting you to see a film. Ask your friend two questions about it.
(3-4)You have a toothache and want to make a appointment to see Dr Brown. The nurse asks you two questions.
Part Four
What do you think of the development of transportation in Shanghai?
Part Five
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday...
Test Two
Part One
Teenagers who don't get up in the morning are brighter and more successful.
A study of students' sleep by reserarchers in the USA found that teenagers who get up early are often tired and can't concentrate in class.
“Young children love to get up early but teenagers have a different biological clock,” says a professor of Brown University. Her reserach showed that teenagers naturally go to sleep and wake up later than normal-for good biological reasons.
Now many American schools have changed the start of their morning classes from 7.30 to 8.30 or even 9.00.
Part Two
1.(Telephone rings) Hello, may I speak to Mr Smith?
2.I'm sorry that I forgot to bring the book here.
3.I'd love you to come to my birthday party.
4.Why not have another cup of tea?
5.You're busy. Is there anything I can do for you?
Part Three
(1-2)You are in your Rnglish teacher's office, asking the teacher two questions about English learning.
(3-4)You have a new deskmate Bob. You want to get to know him. Ask him two questions.
Part Four
Do you think examinations are the main source of stress in your life? Why?
Part Five
One day Peter and his father went fishing and came back home with a big fish.
Test Three
Part One
If you're not sure whether you want to say yes or no, then say you'll give an answer later, and refuse to discuss it further. This gives you time to decide and to prepare yourself to say no if necessary. Use body language to give your words more authority:stand up straight, straighten your shoulders and look at the person. If your're talking on the phone, stand up-it makes you feel and therefore sound more confident. If a request is reasonable but you don't want to do it, then offer an alternative, for example, “I don't have time on Saturday, but I could do it one night next week.”
Part Two
1.It's really hot today, isn't it?
2.What do you think of learning Japanese as a second language?
3.Don't forget to buy a hamburger for me.
4.Look, what on earth are you doing? The classroom is so messy.
5.I haven't finished my homework because I felt extremely tired last night.
Part Three
(1-2)You are not well. You go to see a doctor. The doctor asks you two questions about your problem.
(3-4)You want to borrow a book from the wschool library. Ask the librarian two question about it.
Part Four
What is your opinion of a true friend? (Give an example to illustrate your point.)
Part Five
Ms wang loves her pet dog “Wang Wang”...
Test Four
Part One
At last, after what seemed to us an age, the liftboat reached the man and two of the sailors pulled him on board. This was not at all easy, for the sea was rather rough. Then the sailors began to row back to the ship again. the lift boat was rasied out of the water and the rescued man, wrapped in a blanket, was helped out on to the deck. Leaning on the arm of the ship's doctor, but still able to walk in spite of his terrible experience, he was led off to the ship's hospital. As he passed along the deck, everyone cheered loudly.
Part Two
1.What do you think of taking a summer English course in Britain?
2.How is your cousin? I haven't seen her for ages.
3.I don't know how to use this fax machine.
4.Can you tell me what time it is now?
5. regret that I quarreled with my roommate last night.
Part Three
(1-2)You want to buy a new pair of sports shoes. Ask the shop assistant two questions about the shoes.
(3-4)Your friend has just transferred to a new school. Ask your friend two questions about the school.
Part Four
Is it good for a high school student to take a part-time job? Why or why not?
Part Five
One day a frog jumps out of the well in order to have a look at the world...
Test Five
Part One
Working long hours can greatly increase the risk of suffering injury or illness, a recent risk study says. Workers who do overtime were 61% more likely to become hurt or ill, once factors such as age and so on were taken into account. And working more thann 12 hours a day raised the risk by more than a third, one of the universitities in Chicago found. According to their report, risk increased with longer working hours, not just a dangerous jobs, but in all types of work.
Part Two
1.Sorry to trouble you, but do you happen to know when the lecture begins?
2.What do you think of the film directed by the yong director?
3.I will get my doctor's degree next week!
4.What is Hangzhou most famous for?
5.A new chain shop of the shopping mall will open soon in our community.
Part Three
(1-2)Your former schoolmate is going to see a new film. He invites you to go with him. You ask him two questions about this.
(3-4)Your class has a newcomer from another school this term. You ask the new comer two questions.
Part Four
Do you agree that teenagers should not be allowed to play in the Internet bar? Why or why not?
Part Five
On his way to work, Tom saw an old man knocked down by a bike.
Test Six
Part One
The new Harry Potter book “Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince” sold an astonishing 6.9 million copies in its first 24 hours, breaking the record held by the previous release. “Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince” averaged better than 250,000 sales per hour, more than most books sell in a lifetime. Some other writers, even the most popular ones of adult fiction, sell no more than 20,000 books in the first week of sale.
Part Two
1.My name is Li Xiaoming. Nice to meet you here.
2.What have you been busy with these days?
3.Can you help me move into my new apartment tomorrow?
4.I really must be going now, because I have classes in the early morning.
5.Children should spend more time outdoors and less time watching TV.
Part Three
(1-2)One of your relatives had an accident on her way home. You ask her two question s about it.
(3-4)Henry wants to further his studies in a vocational school. Ask him two questions about this.
Part Four
Should smoking be allowed of forbidden among young students? Why?
Part Five
Li Lin’s parents always read his diary without permission in order to know more about his thoughts.
Test Seven
Part One
Indians are the world's biggest bookworms, reading on average 10.7 hours a week, twice as long as Americans, according to a new survey. The NOP World Culture Score index surveyed 30,000 people in 30 countries from December to February . Experts said the desire to read could explain India's high figures. Time spent on reading meant fewer hours watching TV and listening to the radio - India came fourth last in both. The survey saw China take second place and the Philippines take third in average hours a week, spent reading books, newspapers and magazines.
Part Two
1.I'm sorry, but you really make too much noise!
2.You look so upset! What's the matter with you?
3.Mary, I got the first prize in the municipal speech contest!
4.What do you think of the fairy tale Beauty and the Beast?
5.There is not much milk in the refrigerator.
Part Three
(1-2)You work as a receptionist at a hotel. One customer called to book a room. Ask two questions about it.
(3-4)You were put in a new class and you tried hard to build up a good relation ship with your classmates, but failed. Ask your class teacher for help.
Part Four
Do you think students should be encouraged to compete with their classmates? Why or why not?
Part Five
One day, Catherine, a sailing lover, set out from the coast in a small boat to cross the Channel.
Test Eight
Part One
A rich young man decided to do some diving in the sea, so he bought a rubber suit, and took some lessons at a diving school. Then one day, he walked into the water and began to explore the bottom of the sea.
He suddenly saw a man waving his arms and legs around wildly near the bottom of the sea. He was only wearing a bathing suit.
The rich young man was very surprised to see him, so he took out a plastic notebook and a special pencil and wrote “What are you doing?’ The other man took the pencil and wrote ”Drowning!“
Part Two
1.Would you like to try some of these cakes my mum make?
2.I don't think that film is interesting.
3.This is nice, but too expensive. Could you make it 30 yuan?
4.Wendy, come downstairs and help in the kitchen.
5.How often do you usually go shopping?
Part Three
(1-2)You plan to visit Tibet during your summer vacation and one of your classmates has been there. Ask him for advice on your trip.
(3-4)You are going to write an article on apace flight, so you want to borrow some reference books from the library. Ask the librarian for help.
Part Four
Do you think modern science and technology brings us more good or bad? Why?
Part Five
One day, Tom saw some boys playing football in the street.
Test Nine
Part One
British potato farmers were taking to the streets for the expression ”couch potato“ to be removed from the Oxford English Dictionary, for it harms the image of the vegetable. The British Potato Organization wants the Dictionary to replace the expression with the term ”couch slouch“. Kathy Race, head of marketing at the Organization, said, ”We are trying to get rid of the image that potatoes are bad for you. The potato has been criticized in the past.“ The Dictionary says ”couch potato“ started as American, meaning ”a person who spends a great deal of time watching television.“
Part Two
1.Could you tell me how to find some books on English grammar?
2.What do you prefer, action movies or dramas?
3.I can't concentrate on my work there days.
4.How long is the flight from Shanghai to Beijing?
5.You've got a good ear for music.
Part Three
(1-2)You and your classmate are talking about a robbery which happened in a bank last night. Ask two questions about it.
(3-4)Your Rnglish teacher is introducing a very good English programme,Studio Classroom, to you. Ask the teacher two questions about it.
Part Four
Nowadays it is popular for parents to choose a private junior school for their children. What's your opinion on this?
Part Five
One day, after school, Jimmy went home.
Test Ten
Part One
One U.S. company said on August 10 that it wants to send two tourists on a trip around the moon at a cost of $500 million per ticket. Space Adventures Company, which has already sent two citizens on separate trips into space, says it has researched and identified more than a thousand customers, who are interested, with the necessary wealth for a moon shot as early as 2008. The trip around the moon would last between 8 and 21 days, depending on whether the travelers make a stop at the International Space Station.
Part Two
1.Hello, this is Mary speaking. Is Peter there?
2.What do you usually have for breakfast?
3.Make sure you lock the door when you leave!
4.We will have a school excursion to Hangzhou soon.
5.What if your mum knows that you told a lie?
Part Three
(1-2)Imagine the famous sports man Liu Xiang has made a speech in your school. You ask him two questions.
(3-4)You want to apply for a library card. You ask the librarian two questions.
Part Four
Do you think video game are good for middle-school students? Why or why not?
Part Five
Peter and John are good friends.
Test Eleven
Part One
To make an Olympic champion takes millions of young people around the world to be inspired to choose Olympic sport.
I'm delighted we have with us today representatives of the next generation. We're serious about inspiring young people. And thanks to London's multi-cultural mix of 200 nations, they also represent the youth of the world. Their families have come from every continent. They practice every religion and every faith. What unites them is London, their love of sport and their heartfelt dream of bringing the Olympic Games to our city.
Part Two
1.Thank you so much for your timely help.
2.What you said yesterday really hurt me.
3.Would you mind not talking so loudly in class?
4.What do you like reading in your spare time?
5.I failed the final examination and was scolded by my parents.
Part Three
(1-2)Your friend Li Ming has just come back from the English Summer Camp in Canada. Ask him two questions about it.
(3-4)It is your mother's birthday tomorrow and you have no idea about what to buy as a birthday gift. Ask your friend for advice.
Part Four
What is the best way to keep healthy? Why?
Part Five
One day, a bird was thirsty.
Test Twelve
Part One
Police are looking for robbers who stole valuable diamonds from the jewelry display at the City Center yesterday evening during the annual Gold Exhibition. The owner reported that a necklace estimated to be worth $1.5 million was taken by a young couple. A witness at the scene said that a couple in their early twenties caught her eye because they seemed too young to be interested in such expensive jewelry. In her version of the story, the pair were dressed in clothing and hairstyles that seemed too casual for the rather formal atmosphere of the jewelry show.
Part Two
1.Lucy, your look nice with that blouse today. It goes well with your skirt.
2.What do you think of my new bicycle?
3.Is there anyting I can do for you?
4.I don't feel well. I want to go home.
5.I think video games are really harmful for our middle-school students.
Part Three
(1-2)Your aunt looks young and healthy. Ask her two questions about how to keep young.
(3-4)John is now at the Lost and Found. The clerk asks him two questions about his lost wallet.
Part Four
What do you think of the social activities in your senior years, such as military training, farm work and social work in the neighbourhoods?
Part Five
Xiao Ming was coming home from school yesterday afternoon
广东高考英语口语考试题型分析及备考策略
广东高考英语人机对话口语考试题型分析及备考策略
一、口试题型结构及赋分：
广东高考英语考查方式为闭卷，包括笔试和口试。其中口试时间为30分钟。口试采用计算机辅助口语考试，试卷满分50分，分为A、B、C、D、E五个等级。
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题序-------题型--------题量--------赋分--------时间
A节--------模仿朗读----------1----------10-------------约30分钟
B节---------角色扮演----------1----------18-------------约30分钟
C节----------口头作文---------1----------22-------------约30分钟
总计------------------------------3----------50-------------约30分钟
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
外语口语成绩实行等级制，以ABCDE五个等级呈现。考生考试成绩获得卷面分值85%（50--42.5分）以上的为A，获得卷面分值75-84%(42.5--37.5分) 的为B，获得卷面分值60-74%(37.5--30分)的为C，获得卷面分值45-59%(30--22.5分)的为D，获得卷面分值44%(22.5分)以下的为E级。
二、已发布要求加试口语的部分专业
1.除国际经济贸易、国际金融、外交学、对外汉语、外国语言文学五个专业对口外，还有其它专业要求口试，如北京交大的旅游管理、传播学，华东交大的国际会计、公共事业管理等。北京语言大学、第二外国语学院、对外经济贸易大学等大学的所有专业都要求英语口试。2.要求英语口试的专业与院校的档次无关，如佛山科学技术学院、茂名学院、东莞理工学院的相关专业也要加试口语。
3.要求英语口试的专业比例较大：
--------------------专业次目------------要求口试次目----------------占%
文科--------------1307--------------------378----------------------------28.9
理科--------------3213---------------------339---------------------------10.55
由此看出，虽然除外语专业考生外口试成绩只作参考，但如果不参加口试，文、理科考将分别失去28.9或10.55的报考机会；如果不重视口语教学，就可能出现许多考生笔试成绩上线而不能录取的情况。
三、口试样题分析：
PART A Reading Aloud （模仿朗读）
Born in August 1769, Napoleon was the second of eight surviving children. As a child, he is shy, moody and soft-spoken .Still his parents have high hopes for their young son. In 1799,at age ten , he's enrolled in the French military school at Brienne. There his schoolmates mock and make fun of his small size and thick Italian accent .A memory that will haunt Napoleon and shape his character in the years to come .Still he shows a talent for leadership and for organizing war games.
分析：这是口语能力要求的基础部分，这段87词的短文样题配有视频和录音两次带读，考查的重点在语音语调和流利程度方面。
附：《英语课程标准》语音项目表：
1．基本读音
(1)26个字母的读音 (2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音 (3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音 (4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 (5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音 (6)辅音字母组合的读音 (7)辅音连缀的读音 (8)成节音的读音
2．重音 (1)单词重音 (2)句子重音
3．读音的变化
(1)连读 (2)失去爆破 (3)弱读 (4)同化
4．语调与节奏 (1)意群与停顿 (2)语调 (3)节奏
5．语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用
6．朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧
7．主要英语国家的英语语音差异
备考策略：1.朗读时语音语调不要求于原声相同，但要注意规范。2.要与原声及画面一致，不能使用任意的语速朗读，超前或滞后都会影响成绩。3.注意停顿和节奏。
PART B Role Play（角色扮演）
Video Watching Script: 略
1.你没听清楚礼品店（souvenir shop）的营业时间，要求重复一遍。
Q: Would you please tell me again when the souvenir shop is open?
2.你想知道，诊所是否每天都开
Q: Could you tell me whether the clinic is open everyday?
3.你想了解，周末酒店有什么活动
Q: Please tell me what activities there are in the hotel on the weekend?
4..现在请准备回答第一个问题. Please get ready to answer the first question.
A: The souvenir shop is open from 8 in the morning to
9 in the evening on all days except Sunday.
5. 现在请准备回答第二个问题. Please get ready to answer the second question.
A: It is open from Monday to Saturday.
6. 现在请准备回答第三个问题. Please get ready to answer the third question.
A: On Friday and Saturday, besides the usual tea, coffee and cool drinks, there will be disc and dancing.
分析：该部分的第一节容易得分，有汉语提示，凭翻译也能说出这些疑问句；第二节对听力和速记有较高的要求，是英语听取信息的扩展。从该部分文本的分析来看，练习的选材不宜太难，而且对关键信息进行重复，平时训练主要是训练考生边听边写的能力。
备考策略：1.观看英文短片时要留意涉及的人物、事物、时间、行为等相关信息，并适当做笔记，方便自己答题。2.注重从原声中获取信息，例如，计算机回答问题的内容往往是下一部分的答案或提示。3.准确获取信息后，考生不需要再关注画面，应更留心使用规范的英语进行问答。
PART C Oral Composition（口头作文）
请根据你刚才所看到的故事，以及以下的故事情节简介，准备一分钟的口头作文。
故事情节：
一位老人在海上漂流了一整天，也没有捕到鱼。
到了黄昏这位老人发现了一条鱼，可惜它最终还是跑了。终于捕到鱼了，不幸的是，这条鱼太大了，鱼反而把老人连船一起拖走......
分析：该部分需要有用英语概括主要内容和根据要点适当发挥的能力,停顿和结结巴巴是该部分的大忌。平时要注意多背诵英语短文和故事。
备考策略：1.考生在听故事和看短片时，可用笔记录相关的细节信息。2.可粗略写个发言提纲，以使叙述更清晰、具体。3.口头作文要注重语言流畅，考生在描述同一场面时应连贯表达，可使用适当的连词，使表达更加流利。4.考生各有1分钟左右的时间准备和进行口头作文，但这个时间的规定并不严格，考生只要在总共2分钟左右的时间里准备并流利表达出来就行。5.口头作文不考查配音能力，因而考生无须拘泥于画面，进行叙述时可以不与画面同步。
提高高考英语听力的六大关键
提高高考英语听力的六大关键
一、成语和习惯用法
成语和习惯用语是听力中最让人头疼的。一方面，它们都是简单而常用的词汇，诸如 dog, cat 之类；另一方面，这些熟悉的词经过固定组合之后，往往让你不知所云。例如 be on one's ball( 谨慎小心、愉快胜任地从事某事 ) ， be in the air( 没有确定，悬而未决；到处传播的 ) 。此外，部分短语、词汇在口语中往往有特殊的表达，也需要留心掌握，例如 wanna ＝want to ，gonna ＝ going to 等。英汉有别的一些表达有些句子汉语和英语的表达很不一样，甚至截然相反。例如下面这组对话：
You won't go shopping with her this afternoon ， will you ？
No ， I won't.( 是的，我不去 )Yes ， I will.( 不，我会去的 )
这个句子印在卷子上，多数同学还是能理解，但一旦放到听力中去，许多人大概一听到 ”No“ 就理解为否定的意思，但这是中文习惯：回答针对的是对方的话语观点而非事实，因此你说对了，我就回答 ” 是 “ ，你说错了，我就回答 ” 否 “。但英语的习惯则是针对对方所说的事实--只要是肯定性事实，我就回答 ”Yes“ ；只要是否定性事实，回答就是 ”No“ 。这些地方往往需要格外警惕。
二、数字、日期、时间等常用表达方式
填表和填空题型中会出现有关数字、日期等的听写。目前常见的以下词汇和表达必须注意：复杂的基数 ( 如 35476) ；序数 (10th) ；分数 ( one eighth 、three eighths) ；小数 (0.65nought point six five) ；集合数字 (1／4 ： one quarter 、6 ： half a dozen 、20 ： one score) 等。电话号码的读法，年代、日期和时间的读法，常见计量单位等，也要熟悉。
三、连读和吞音
连读和吞音是语速较快时的一种自然现象。考研英语听力中出现的是一些比较容易识别或稍加注意就能够识别的连读。吞音难度较大，一般不会涉及很多，主要是口语中／p ／、／ t ／在重音／ s ／之后的爆破等。考生平时除了做专项训练，自己也应该进行一些朗读、会话训练，体会发音中的这些自然过程。
四、语气、语调和重音
俗话说 ” 听话听音 “ ，英语也不例外。在英语听力，特别是会话中，语气和语调起着很重要的作用，很多时候只有通过它们才能准确判断说话人的意图和态度，而且其中常常含有隐义。例如：I must admit I have learned much from the lectures given by Dr. Smith. What did I tell you ？
回答者得意的语气语调表明其对于自己的建议获得认可而感到自豪，如果听不出这弦外之音，那就真的不知所云了：难道自己说过什么都忘了，还要问别人？重音也很重要，某些情况下，对重音的捕捉会直接影响到对句意的判断。例如下面这两个句子，发音一样，但重音落在不同的音节上，句意完全不同：
I haven't seen my parents' four years ！
I haven't seen my parents for' years ！
五、美式英语及其发音
现在的考生在中学阶段主要学的是标准英式发音，大学阶段又更多地接触了美式发音。美式发音和英式发音的区别虽然很不明确，但还是有一些规律可循的，例如，英式读法中 r 不发音 ( 如 arm 、poor 等 ) ，美式读法却要发音。解决这个问题除需要系统了解外，主要靠平时多听多说，养成耳朵的适应性。需要注意的是，英式英语和美式英语之间在用词上也有区别。例 秋天 ” ，英式英语常用 autumn ，美式英语则多使用 fall 。
六、英美与中国文化习俗的差别
文化决定语言，语言又反映文化。例如，中国人说话时喜欢拐弯抹角，最后才亮出底牌，还常常留有三分余地；而英美人、尤其是美国人，则喜欢直来直去，开门见山。因此英语口语中表明态度、观点、建议都很直截了当，而且多半在开头部分，许多时候只要听懂第一句话甚至前几个词，整体意思就能抓个八九不离十，一些题目就能做对或者猜对。
听力应试注意事项
一、听前抢读和预测
“抢读预测”即利用导言及题与题之间的间隙，提前扫视选项，预测出题方向，以便等录音内容开始时可以有目的地捕捉所需信息。
二、做笔记，抓住关键词
很多同学讲，“考听力时我都听懂了，可等到作选择的时候，却好像有一半都记不清了。”这是极正常的，原因是我们在听的时候，大部分注意力在理解方面，加上没有及时对所提细节做笔记，自然便会听了后面忘了前面，而听力测试的重点往往就在细节的辨识上。因此，考生不仅要听懂录音中的语言信息，还应通过一些有效途径在短时内强记重要信息，如年代、人物、事件、地点、单价、折扣价(幅度)、门牌号等。一个人即使记忆力再好，要记清如此多的细节也不容易，那么只有靠笔记帮忙。
三、时间上的把握，注意力高度集中(整个过程)
四、放弃过去的信息
五、听力技巧(虚拟语气；时态)
1. 时间、数字及计算。这类试题涉及的时间主要有钟点、日期等；涉及的数字主要有时间、距离、房号、电话号码、数量等及它们之间的数字计算。
听到不同的数字时，要分别按顺序记，不要前后混淆。要避免在数字和运算上耽误过多时间。
2. 地点、方向。地点题的考点可能有两种情况：1.对话中涉及到几个地点，试题就某一个地点提问；2.对话发生在未明说的某一特定地点，要求考生根据话题、对话内容判断其地点。方向题的考点是某一说话人问路或说话者准备去哪儿。
3. 强调的词的混淆。如right there, right here.
4. 职业、身份与人物关系。这类试题要求考生根据对话内容，判断其中一个人或双方的职业或身份，也可能要求判断对话双方的相互关系。
策略：考生在听录音时一要注意对话双方说话的口气，二要注意对话的地方，三要注意所做的工作(由此可判断其职业)。如双方口气热情、随和，则一般为朋友、同学等关系。如一方直言，另一方小心谨慎，则很可能为上下级关系。如对话发生在餐馆里，则多半为侍者与顾客；在银行里，则多为职员与储户；在学校里，则多为老师与学生等。
5. 时态：英语句中谓语动词的时态和动作发生的时间也有很大关系，也要给予注意。很多测试题都与时间、地点密切相关，所以听准时间和地点是收听事件叙述的一个重点。
6. 否定和虚拟语气是听力中的难点。句子是肯定还是否定? 如果是否定，是部分否定还是全部否定? 如果没听准，理解起来就会有很大出入。
虚拟语气一般表示的都是与事实相反的含义。也就是“正说反说”。如果把虚拟语气听成了陈述语气，那就会引起完全相反的判断。遇到这种情况，就要格外小心。
6. 审题导致的错误 提问的对象
7. 不慌乱，坐姿端正
大学生科技创新策略分析论文
摘要：知识与教育具有天然的密切联系,对高校大学生进行创新能力的培养则是高校实施知识教育管理改革的新视角。知识永远是学生学习和创新的动力源泉，大学生要努力钻研、刻苦学习、挖掘自己的创新能力，积极进行科技创新。本文对知识管理视角下的大学生进行科技创新的情况进行了调查研究，肯定了大学生科技创新的重要意义，并提出知识管理视角下的大学生科技创新的具体策略。
关键词：科技创新；大学生；知识管理；教育管理
知识管理对大学生科技创新有重要的作用，科技创新一定要充分发挥知识管理的作用。当前的企业界已经开始应用并推行知识管理，取得了较好的实践效果。高校是知识应用、创新、传播、生产的重要基地，引进知识管理能够进一步推动教育管理改革，提高人才培养的质量，增强大学生科技创新工作的效果，切实发挥高校的育人作用[1]。
一知识管理视角的大学生科技创新
知识管理是一种企业内部组织机构或技术组织机制，其目的在于使人们反思自己拥有的知识，人们可以在知识管理的帮助下进行知识交流，并获得知识支持和应变能力。知识管理的重要之一就是要完成知识向生产力转化的过程，以及知识的应用、创新、存储、获取、共享过程中的协调、控制、组织和计划。知识管理包括对隐性知识和显性知识的管理。显性知识比较容易理解，往往可以通过一定的方式得以表达，比如软件、教材、媒体等都可以进行传播和获取，也泛指容易被人们学习的知识。隐性知识是相对于显性知识而言的，指的是难以通过文字或媒介进行表述的知识，属于个人能力的基础，隐性知识的形式一般为组织文化、习惯、技巧和经验等。在大学生的科技创新工作中，显性知识和隐性知识就有不同的体现。隐性知识主要存在于不同的知识主体之中，包括系统外部、相关管理部门、科技创新团队和学生个体。学生个体的隐性知识包括知识类隐性知识和技能类型知识，知识类型知识指的是心智模式、价值观，创新直觉，技能类型知识指的是技巧、经验和技能。学生的性格素养和成长经历都会对认识了隐性知识造成影响，从而增强学生对科技创新管理部门和团队的认同感[2]。
二大学生科技创新工作中知识管理的重要意义
二十一世纪是知识经济的'时代，而高校又是培养高素质人才的重要基地，必须源源不断地为社会、用人单位输送高素质的人才。知识管理已经在社会各方面得到了积极的应用，能够有效地提高企业的管理水平、生产效率和核心竞争力。
（一）知识管理能够推动知识创新
知识创新是一个民族进步的内在动力，创新实践和高校人才培养具有紧密的关系。创新的源泉是隐性知识，通过转化隐性知识，可以促进新的知识的产生。在大学生创新工作中，既要投入场地、财力、物力和人力，也要产出科技成果和新的知识、创新人才。在大学生科技创新工作中，管理人员、指导教师和学生通过学习和工作能够对隐性知识进行传递，使其转化为显性知识。隐性知识与其他知识的组合能够将人的创造性思维激发出来，形成新的知识[3]。
（二）知识管理能够提高工作质量
知识管理能够提高工作效率，获取更深的知识面，还能将复杂的管理简单化、系统化、流程化。大学生科技创新工作与知识管理有着相似之处，在大学生科技创新工作中在大学生科技创新工作中，其目的在于将知识转化为组织的资源，最大限度地对知识进行利用和掌握，协调统一不同主体的知识，推动知识集成应用，从而使管理服务水平和人才培养质量得到有效的提升。
三基于知识管理视角的大学生科技创新策略
只有将以新知识转化为显性知识，才能对其进行编码，并在知识库中进行储存，使知识的共享和传递成为可能，要想完成这种可能需要经过4个阶段，分别为社会化阶段、外化阶段、组合阶段和内化阶段。
（1）隐性知识向隐性知识的转化——社会化阶段。在该阶段个体的隐性知识向另一个个体传播，学生在大学生科技创新工作中吸收隐性知识主要是通过团队成员和指导老师。指导老师应该对学生进行精心的指导，有效的传递隐性知识。通过教师的潜移默化和言传身教，学生可以获得隐性知识，师生之间也能够相互促进、教学相长。因此教师队伍的建设对于大学生科技创新工作非常重要，如果拥有知识的人能够在不同的团队之间自由的流动，就能够更有效的传播和共享隐性知识。为了达到这一目的，可以引进成员轮换制度来建设科技创新团队，从而使隐性知识被团队中所有的学生共享[4]。
（2）隐性知识转化为显性知识——外化阶段。通过类比、谈话的方式，能够将隐性知识显性化，使其成为容易被接受和理解的显性知识，从而实现隐性知识的外化，同时实现知识的创新。该阶段人们能够用语言或文字对知识和经验进行描述，从而使经验变为概念，使枯燥的知识变得生动和理性，便于传递、传播和扩散。学习型科技创新团队的建设能够将团队的作用充分的发挥出来。在该团队中应该定期召开工作会议，举办面对知识共享的成果报告，通过知识管理的经验交流会、经验体验会和管理交叉的学习会议等进行相互的学习，以利于知识管理的实践和提高。这些活动能创造条件推动隐性知识的转化、认识和发现，使教师和学生之间能够自由的流动转化后的显性知识。师生之间也可以通过这些活动，建立良好的关系是校园科技创新的氛围更加浓郁。对新知识进行编码也有利于引进知识的转化，包括对资料和文档中的隐性知识进行开发，对设备仪器的操作技能进行物化，对管理人员、指导教师和团队成员头脑中的一些知识进行转化等，通过编码能够推动隐性知识的显性化，包括工作记录文件、竞赛工作指南、工作流程文件的编制，使经验、技能、知识能够更好的流动和传承[5]。
（3）显性知识向显性知识的转化——组合阶段。通过采集、组织、分析和传播能够使不同的显性知识重新组合，成为一个系统的整体。应该结合社会需求和时代发展，避免趋同化现象，切实提高大学生的实用性。同时也能够提高大学生与岗位的适配度，使大学生的就业能力得到提高，并满足企业的招聘需要。这样也能解决大学生的能力素质与用人单位所需的人才能力与素质不匹配的现象。大学生科技创新也应该包括用人单位和企业对人才的需求，并对这些信息进行一定的过滤和组织，使其成为人才培养中的新的显性知识，便于学生进行利用和吸收，更好地发挥高校社会服务价值[6]。以社会需求为依据，可以将分阶段、分层次的大学生科技创新工作体系建立起来，大学生实践能力和创新精神的提高离不开激励保障、学科竞赛、科技实践、科技基金等环节的支持。同时还要积极向社会领域推进技能培训工作，使大学生能够获得职业资格认定服务，同时也使企事业单位的培训需求得到满足。
（4）显性知识转化为隐性知识——内化阶段。该阶段主要是对新形成的显性知识经济转化，使其内化成为隐性知识，从而更好地提高组织的竞争力，完成一个完整的知识管理循环。指导老师通过对学生的设计选题、构思、观察等活动进行指导，使学生将创新精神和求异思维树立起来。在对科技作品进行调试、开发和设计的过程中，也能够培养学生良好的治学态度和严谨勤奋、刻苦钻研的精神，培养学生的团队合作意识和团队合作能力。管理人员应该通过各项完善的管理制度，构建学生与学生、，师与学生之间的和谐关系，从而促进显性知识的内化，形成良好的校园文化。良好的校园文化能够有效地提高高校的核心竞争力，起到“润物细无声”的作用[7]。
四结语
基于知识管理的视角培养大学生的科技创新能力，是一个不断循环、螺旋形上升的过程，学生与学生之间、教师与学生之间能够传递和共享知识，从而使高校的育人作用得到真正的发挥，促进知识的创新。最后要将新的显性知识内化为隐性知识，使大学生形成高尚的品格和良好的个人素质，在高校内营造良好的教风学风，提高高校的凝聚力，提升人的精神境界，打造浓郁的人文氛围。
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大学生英语口语课交际策略教学的实验报告
策略能力是外语学习者交际能力的.一个重要组成部分,本文报告了口语课交际策略教学对提高大学生交际策略能力的实验研究.研究结果显示,课堂口语交际策略强化教学可以增加学生使用策略的频度,提高英语学习者使用迂回叙述和填补停顿等口语策略的能力.口语策略教学对学生的口语流利度的提高产生一定作用,直接反映在停顿填补词策略上.流利度、准确性二参数与外语水平始终相关,但与其它策略参数无关.此外,停顿填补词策略与口语流利度始终显著相关,但定义单词准确性、迂回叙述策略在实验后与流利度未显相关性.
作 者：王立非 作者单位：南京大学 刊 名：外语教学与研究 PKU CSSCI英文刊名：FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH 年，卷(期)：2002 34(6) 分类号：H319 关键词：交际策略 英语教学 实验研究★ 成语使用错误分析
