托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词一览

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下面是小编收集整理的托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词一览(共含5篇),供大家参考借鉴,欢迎大家分享。同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“潦草土豆花”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。

托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词一览

篇1:托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词一览

托福听力的结尾部分往往出现一些总结性信息以及其他一些涉及考点的内容,应充分重视。

信号词:

To some up

To conclude/in conclusion

In summary/to summarize

Finally

Therefore

From this, we can see that…

托福听力练习:蜜蜂通过味道给花粉排名

Walk through Times Square—you're bombarded with advertising. And it turns out, a bumblebee might have a similar feeling, buzzing through a field of flowers. “So these flowers are these billboards, they're advertising a good, this delicious nectar reward, and bees are very picky shoppers.” Anne Leonard, a pollination biologist at the University of Nevada, Reno.

She describes a flower field as a sort of pollination marketplace. And one way bees choose where to visit? “Bees are nectar experts. They are really good at assessing even really small differences in the sugar concentration of nectar.” They also scope out the shape and size of the flowers, and their color and scent. And now Leonard and her colleagues have discovered that bumblebees are pollen aficionados, too.

They found that out by lacing batches of cherry pollen with either table sugar or bitter quinine. And to display the pollen to bees, “We got really into it—we started 3-D printing flowers in our lab.” And for the anther—the male flower part, which presents the pollen—pipe cleaners. “So we bought out Michael's craft store supplies of these pipe cleaners and used them in our experiments.”

Turns out bees would return again and again to the same color flower that dispensed sweet pollen, and spend more time collecting there. But when confronted with the bitter pollen? They sought a different colored flower for their very next stop. All of which suggests that, in addition to savoring nectar, bees taste pollen too—and judge flowers by it. The results are in the journal Biology Letters.

The finding means that plants have to find a happy medium: “So can you make your pollen attractive enough that the bees will collect it, but distasteful enough that they won't collect too much of it?” And that balancing act, of carefully calibrated chemistry—it's just one of the many transactions that plays out in the buzzing pollination marketplace. Where the object is to make a sweet profit.

走过纽约时代广场,你会被广告不断侵扰。事实证明,熊蜂在嗡嗡地飞过花田时,可能会有类似的感觉。“因为这些花朵就像是那些广告牌,它们在为这些美味可口的花蜜打广告,而蜜蜂就是那些非常挑剔的消费者。”内华达州立大学雷诺分校的传粉生物学家安妮·伦纳德说道。

她将花田描述为一个授粉市场。蜜蜂选择去哪里采集花蜜的方法是什么?“蜜蜂是花蜜专家。它们很擅长评估花蜜,即使花蜜糖的浓度存在微小的区别它们也能感觉到。”它们还能确定花的形状、大小、颜色和气味。现在伦纳德和她的研究团队发现,熊蜂也是花粉爱好者。

他们通过给不同批次分别含有甜蔗糖和苦奎宁的樱桃花粉系上标签的方法进行研究,并得到了上述结论。为了向蜜蜂展示花粉,“我们进行了非常深入地研究,我们开始在实验室用3D技术打印花朵。”在花药部分,也就是呈现出花粉的雄花部分使用清管器。“所以我们购买了迈克尔工艺品店的清管器,将这些清管器应用到我们的实验中。”

实验证明,蜜蜂会在含有甜蔗糖花粉的相同颜色花朵间重复往返,并且花费更多的时间来采集。那它们遇到含有苦奎宁的花粉时会怎样呢?它们会在下一次停留时寻找一种与之颜色不同的花朵。所有这一切表明,除了品尝花蜜,蜜蜂也会品尝花粉的味道,并且通过花粉来对花朵进行评估。该研究结果刊登在《生物学快报》杂志上。

该研究结果表明,植物必须找到一个折中的办法:“你能让你的花粉有足够的吸引力,让蜜蜂来采集,但是又让花粉不太合口,确保蜜蜂不会采集太多吗?”这一精确校准化学的平衡做法,只是蜜蜂授粉市场上进行的众多交易中的其中一种。该市场的目标是获得“甜蜜”的利润。

重点讲解:

1. be good at 擅长的;精通的;能干的;

例句:The conductor is good at keeping the players together.

乐队指挥善于使表演者奏协调。

2. buy out 买下…的股权(或产权);

例句:The bank had to pay to buy out most of the 200 former partners.

银行不得不花钱买下过去200名合伙人手中的大部分股权。

3. be confronted with (问题、任务或困难)降临,使面临;

例句:There is always turmoil when humans are confronted with change.

当人类面对改变的时候,总是有混乱。

4. in addition to 另外;加之;除…之外;

例句:In addition to the radio, newspapers were also a main source for information.

除了无线电广播外,报纸也是一种主要信息来源。

5. play out (使)(戏剧性的事件)逐渐发生;(使)展开;

例句:We play out an imaginary confrontation in our mind.

我们的脑海中浮现出一种想象的冲突。

2020托福听力练习:海豚通过鼻涕粘液发声

Sometimes a snout full of snot can be just what the doctor ordered. At least if you're a dolphin. Because a new study shows that a little bit of mucus helps these marine mammals generate the rapid-fire stream of clicks they emit and use for echolocation.

First off, let's just get this out of the way. Dolphins do not actually sound like this. [Flipper laugh sound] That's a made-for-TV giggle that some say is actually the doctored call of a bird: the Australian kookaburra.

Real dolphins, like these bottlenoses, sound more like this. [Bottlenose sounds] They use their clicks, chirps and whistles to navigate, communicate and to catch their next meal. The high-frequency clicks, in particular, help Flipper and his kind locate and track fish dinners.

Dolphins make these sounds by forcing air through a nasal passage just beneath the blowhole. In this nasal region are liplike flaps of tissue called dorsal bursae that vibrate and collide to produce dolphin talk.

Now, a team of researchers has created a simplified model that can reproduce this characteristic dolphin chatter. And they found that the secret ingredient is snot.

While looking through the literature, oceanographer Aaron Thode stumbled across a model that represented vocal cords as masses connected by springs—which store and release energy—and dampers, which dissipate that energy. This model successfully replicated the essential characteristics of the system, like the frequency of vocal cord vibration.

So Thode enlisted his father Lester, a retired nuclear physicist from Los Alamos National Lab, to help him fit the model to a dolphin's nasal anatomy. When the Thodes compared the simulated sounds produced by their model to a recording of actual dolphins, they found that the model mimicked both the loud thump and extended ring that are part of the natural click. That's the sound, but slowed down to make it audible to our ears.

The initial thud comes from when those dorsal bursae collide. And the reverberation results from the vibrations that linger when the tissues pull apart. But Thode the younger says the bursae have to be somewhat sticky for the clapping together and snapping apart to produce a noise with the correct loudness and pitch. That stickiness comes courtesy of the mucus. Thode vocalized the results at the meeting of the Acoustical Society in Salt Lake City.

The match between the simulated sounds and the real deal is encouraging, and the Thodes plan to keep up their collaboration to refine their model. “Yeah, I guess some fathers and sons bond over football, but my dad and I, I guess we bonded over differential equations and writing this paper.”

如果你是一只海豚,医生会要求你鼻子里充满鼻涕。因为一项新研究表明,一点粘液有助于这些海洋哺乳动物发出急速连续的咔哒声并利用回声进行定位。

首先,我们要说明一下。海豚实际上并不会发出这样的声音。(海豚飞宝的笑声)这种咯咯的笑声出自一部电视电影,有人说那实际上是用澳大利亚笑翠鸟的叫声伪造的。

真正的海豚,像这些宽吻海豚,它们的声音听起来更像这样。(宽吻海豚的声音)它们通过发出的咔哒声、啾啾声和口哨声来进行导航、交流和捕食。尤其高频咔哒声可以帮助海豚飞宝和它的同类进行定位,追踪用作晚餐的鱼类。

海豚迫使空气穿过气孔之下的鼻道制造出声音。海豚的鼻区有被称为背侧黏液囊的唇形片状瓣膜,通过振动和碰撞让海豚能够“讲话”。

现在,一个研究小组建立了一个可重现海豚叫声特征的简化模型。他们发现,秘密成分是鼻涕。

在浏览文献时,海洋学家亚伦·索德偶然发现了一个模型,这个模型将声带描绘成由弹簧相连、可以储藏和释放能量的集块,以及消散能量的阻尼器。这一模型成功地复制了发声系统的基本特征,如声带振动的频率。

索德的父亲是美国洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的退休核物理学家,索德邀请他的父亲莱斯特加入研究,帮助他使这个模型与海豚的鼻部解剖构造相符合。当他们将模型产生的模拟声音与海豚真实声音的录音进行比较时,他们发现,这个模型模拟的撞击声和延长形成的环状结构就是海豚发出的咔哒声的一部分。这就是模型发出的声音,不过我们放慢了速度让大家可以听清。

最初的撞击声来自背侧黏液囊的碰撞。而回声则来源于组织分离时产生的振动。不过小索德认为,黏液囊必须要有足够的粘性,一下靠拢又分开,才能产生这种声音并达到正确的音量和音高。这种粘性来自粘液。索德在盐湖城举行的声学学会上发表了这一研究成果。

模拟声音与海豚原声的匹配度令人鼓舞,索德父子计划继续合作下去,完善他们的模型。“我认为有些父子因足球而亲密,而我爸爸和我是因为微分方程和撰写这篇论文而亲密起来的。”

重点讲解:

1. in particular 尤其;特别;

例句:She stressed that point in particular.

她特别强调了那一点。

2. stumble across 意外发现;偶然看见;

例句:I stumbled across an extremely simple but very exact method for understanding where my money went.

我意外发现了一个非常简单却能精确了解我所花钱去向的方法。

3. part of 一些;部分;

例句:The astronaut accepted danger was part of the job.

太空人承认他们的工作中包含著危险。

4. keep up 继续做(或提供);

例句:You can't keep up the pretense any longer.

你无法继续伪装下去了。

篇2:托福听力讲座lecture常见热点话题主题一览

托福听力生物类话题常见主题一览

1. 动物:动物是什么,有什么习性、外形怎样、栖息地环境、是否濒危,人类对其的捕杀或保护,这部分多出现迁徙动物,群居动物以及爬行动物。

2. 植物:植物分类、植物特性、生长环境(气候,地理位置等)、光合作用等。

3. 微生物:微生物特性(大小、数量)、对人类和环境的作用、新的生物科技。

篇3:托福听力讲座lecture常见热点话题主题一览

考古学部分主要是通过地址勘探人员挖掘出来的东西为准,讲述物体的历史价值以及对现代人有什么启发等。

托福听力地理与环境科学话题常见主题一览

在这部分涉及的话题主要包括能源、气象、地质变化和灾害、火山以及温室效应等。

1. 能源危机:化石燃料和新兴燃料之间的优劣势对比;再生和不可再生能源的使用,是否产生污染,有没有发展潜力;

2. 气象:气候变化对人类以及动植物的影响,风能的使用价值和灾害;

3. 地球结构:内核、地壳、地幔、如何分界、各部分的成分和特征);

4. 地质灾害:地震、火山爆发;

5. 温室效应:冰层融化、地球半暖。

如何提高托福听力基本实力

前言

作为听力老师,课上课下听到学生提问中最多的一个问题就是如何提高听力,因为听力这个单项既是托福考试的重点也是难点,如何提高听力困扰了很多的学生。今天就科学系统性的分析如何提高听力。

做听力题的过程

要弄懂如何提高听力,首先要知道的是在做听力题的过程中涉及到哪些环节和每个环节需要什么样的能力要求,如下图所示,做听力题的过程分为下面的三个步骤。

在这三个步骤中,编码等于听的过程;存储等于记笔记的过程;最后提取是做题的过程。但是细分又可以分为如下几点。

在这些环节中,听懂,记下来和识别笔记属于听力的基本实力;识别有用信息和怎么记笔记就是我们课堂会讲到的应试技巧。但是巧妇难为无米之炊,只有同学们课下好好的提高听力基本实力,才会使你课堂的效率最大化,最终取得托福高分。那么该如何提高听力的基本实力呢?首先我们来看看影响听力基本实力的四个主要原因再一一分析对策。

从上图中可以看出,影响大家听力的主要因素是语速;词汇;口音和语音现象。其中语速是很大的一个问题,因为大家在听听力的时候最大的问题是来不及记笔记,或者说是来不及一边听,一边记且一边理解后面的内容;词汇的问题又分为词汇量不够和单个单词熟形不熟音;口音最初是大家对美音不熟悉,有些美音中的特殊发音规则影响理解,但近两年的考试中还加入了其他口音如英音,又成为了新的难点;最后语音现象的问题如连读,特殊连读,失去爆破,弱读等使得很多简单的单词串在一起却怎么也听不懂。那该如何解决这些问题呢?

解决方式

所有上述的问题都可以且只可以通过一个方式提高,精听。很多同学之前也尝试做过精听,但是方法不对会造成收效甚微,最科学的精听步骤如下。

Step 1 简写记实义词

要求同学们从头到尾听的原因是适应考试语速,因为考试中是没有暂停的,如果平时习惯了一句一句听,最终的结果是仍然跟不上语速,记不下笔记。在笔记形式上,要使用简写,每个单词只写前两到三个字母,这样练习下来,能记下的信息就会越来越多了;同时只记实义词,虚词如连词,介词,冠词,人称代词,情态动词等没有实际意义的词不需要记。

Step 2 重听补全

在这个步骤中,重新播放听力并把之前没听出的实义词尽量多的听出来并记下来,这个步骤根据学生基础不同可听到2到5遍,直到基本能把信息补全为止。

Step 3 对照原文

这个步骤是最重要的一步,很多同学做精听只有前两个步骤,然而没听懂的始终没听懂,听力没有质的提高,但是通过对照原文,既可以识别自己所记的笔记,又能发现听力中存在的问题,把听错的和没听出来的用红笔标注出来。

Step 4 摘抄生词

把不认识的词和听错的单词摘抄出来,标注音标和词义,建立自己的听力生词本,累积词汇。

Step 5 重听原文

把对照好的原文再听一遍看还能不能完全听懂,以及分析之前为什么没听懂。

Step 6 翻译原文

最后这个步骤是optional的,因为很多同学听力中的问题是每个单词都听懂了但就是不理解句子意思,有这样问题的同学可以最后试着翻译原文,看是否能充分理解每句话的意思。

总结

基本听力实力的挺高是听力高分的基础,同学们一定要予以重视,加上课堂上老师教的解题技巧,培养好的做题习惯和题感最终才能取得高分。

听写真的对提高托福听力能力有用吗

听写真的对提高托福听力能力有用吗?

答案是肯定的,尤其是没有听力理解基础的同学。

在托福中大多数同学最害怕的就是听力这个部分,不仅出题形式异于平日里学校里的练习形式(看到题目再听),而且先听后看题的环节往往听不出,自然题目就做不来;最可恶的是听力部分选择题蒙完了还不算,还得面对口语和写作中出现的听力部分,因为老师说了这俩部分要得分,就看你听力水平了,学生听不出来,口语和写作老师也很无奈。貌似经过这个过程听力还真得玩~真~的。

可是问题来了,学生来问:老师TPO题目我都刷两遍了,为何没有任何效果,上次20,这次18? 真滴是托福小黑哥不爱我吗?其实是你第一不了解你的小黑哥,第二没有用心。

那怎么用心呢? 首先托福测试我们的是听力听懂的能力,也即首先你得听的出,其次你能把信息之间进行组织,就比如:我爱你,你很漂漂。口语中表达出来,你可以听的出是两句话,但是真的听到这个地步就可以了吗?答案:因为你很漂漂,所以我爱你,你个外貌协会会长!!其次在清楚了听力考察目的前提下,那么我们就得解决同学们的练习方法如何做了,很多同学习惯听不懂内容后马上翻开文本看,这是不可取的,听不懂的原因有很多种:连读听不出、眼高耳低、生词过多、听出但不能理解等问题,那么以上到底哪个是你经常出现的问题呢?又该怎么去解决呢?光听但不知道自己错在哪可以吗?不可以,至少你是短期内(2个月内)想解决自己听力问题(从个位数升级到20分)的同学,一定是不可以的,至少我身边有太多想考好的学生都是通过这个过程达到自己的理想成绩(80+),那么我们就得具体的针对这一类学生谈谈如何做练习尤其是听写啦。

丨第一步:严格按照考试要求做题,即文章听一遍(有且仅有一遍,过程中不能够中途暂停或重播)后做题,听的同时可以在笔记本上记下笔记,记完后的笔记要随同自己的做题答案一起记在笔记本上(不能随意把笔记丢掉)方便回忆和分析;做题时坚持“绝不反悔”的原则,即只有前一题做完后才能看到下一题,同时下道题目出现就已经没有机会对上道题目的答案进行任何修改,或者前一题不做,做完后面的题目后再完成上一题的答案,这样做都不可以;

丨第二步:做完题目后的文章此时可以校对答案,错误的答案请在原来的结果上划“”,然后旁边写上正确答案;

丨第三步:坚持每篇文章都要精听,不是泛听,是重听,此过程中哪里不懂的要停下来再听,尤其是那些特别不理解的句子或段落要多听;

丨第四步:精听后对于出现错题的文章要做听抄,按照每句话为单位把听到的内容逐字写下,放一句话第一遍时主要是理解意思不写字,第二遍开始把句子里听到的内容写下来,此过程可重新多次,直到能整句写下来为止,实在不会的空在那里,离开这句话前从语法角度审查一下有没有问题,然后继续下句内容,依次类推,过程中不管遇到任何听不出的问题都不能够打开文本参考,待到全篇做完后再和文本校对,并换不同颜色的笔矫正,同时有译文的可参考别人的翻译找出误差,并把不理解的地方标记下来询问老师;

丨第五步:最后将没听出或者不认识的单词、短语、句子单独总结并首选查询工具书找寻答案。

丨第六步:打开音频尤其针对听抄中出现更改错误(非生词)的地方模仿跟读,跟着原文的发音方式去读,这样就达到了找出问题,并有效的解决问题的目的。

所以说你没有听英语就像听中文一样的能力的时候,且不要说听写多么浪费你的时间,最起码,一篇对话在集中精力去完成的情况下听写一定可以在40分钟内完成,那么讲座虽然长了些,但是1.5个小时内一定是可以完成的,其他超出这个时间完成的真的得找找自己的原因了。

如何攻克托福听力词汇

想要快速提升自己的托福听力能力,词汇是一个最为基础的环节。而在托福听力的准备过程中,很多学生对于听力词汇的准备往往也是有着一些误区:通常大家都会觉得,托福听力考试的题目大都以选择题为主,那么,也就不必将词汇背的非常仔细,只要认识就可以了。而事实并非如此,在托福的考试中,除了听力本身以外,口语和写作也需用到听力,而且有些内容比较学术,所以只会听和看,不会说和写还是无法完全达到要求。那么,下面我们就为大家带来托福听力词汇积累的一些要素吧。

一、专一

市面上词汇书非常多,形式也比较多样。很多考生追求材料的全面,买了很多参考书却没有完成任何一本,这无疑是一种浪费。不管是以字母顺序排列的词汇还是根据学科语义分类的词汇,内容总是相差无几的,只要考生觉得是适合自己的就行,不必跟风。能把一本书认真“消化”掉,应付考试绰绰有余了。就怕买了很多书却没有认真对待任何一本,还不如不买。

二、重视读音

托福考试和雅思考试不一样,以美式英语为主,相信经过平时美剧和电影的熏陶,考生会更容易接受。但也有一些读音比较少见容易造成理解上的障碍,比如简单的wheel这个单词的发音,一般wh我们都发[w],但在美英中有发[hw]的情况。

所以简单的what、why、white单词的读音都会发生变化。但考生需要认识到的是对于读音来说光记住发音规则并没有用,关键要学会实践,我们往往会在看到单词的时候才能想到适用的是什么规则,但这对于做题为时已晚,所以必须习惯听各种发音习惯,而不是靠规则去套。

除了口音,单词本身的读音当然要重视,这不仅关系到单词的理解,还会影响到自己的口头表达和书写。建议考生背单词时应该尽量用听的形式熟悉词汇,形成听觉的敏感,而不仅仅是视觉上的敏感,这样的话在听到单词时就不需要去反应单词的形状从而再从翻译的角度去理解,而是直接的理解了,这对于内容繁多的托福考试来说是非常重要的。

三、不忽视拼写

虽然托福听力考试对写单词并没有要求,但考生也不能因此忽视拼写。一方面写作需要拼写,另一方面听力考试需要做笔记,如果考生对单词都不熟悉,就无法快速写下有效信息,把时间浪费在思考单词上,或者写完后才发现自己很多都只写了单词的部分,想不起来究竟写了什么,这样的笔记就白做了。

另外,建议考生在记单词拼写的时候还是需要结合读音,根据音节记单词,把单词拆分成一小部分一小部分。这样不仅能使记忆深刻,牢固,还可以让考生了解字母不同组合的发音习惯。当考试时遇到生词就可以根据大致读音记下来,有了单词的基本形状,等题目出现的时候就能找到对应的信息了。

四、从实践中积累

单纯背词汇书并不能完全解决单词问题,因为单词放在不同的语境中含义会变化,读音也有强有若,有合有分。考生在做题,或者是听歌看电视电影时,都可以听听有没有遇到曾经学过背过的单词,仔细辨认一下,提高自己的实战经验。另外有的单词不需要背,特别是相对比较复杂的专业词汇。一般这些词出现时都会有定义或者同义词近义词并列出现的形式来告诉大家含义,甚至有时也不影响整体的理解。考生在做题时可以关注一下是否有这种情况产生,积累解决生词含义的经验。

五、重视习语

托福听力考试中经常出现一些美国常见的习语、俚语来影响大家的理解,因此考生平时除了背基本的高频、学科词汇外还需增加习语的积累。这些词往往会影响考生的理解。

篇4:托福听力讲座常见的四种开头方式

托福听力讲座常见的四种开头方式

1、寒暄离题式

TPO2-Lecture2

Hi,everyone. Good to see you all today. Actually, I expected the population to be a lot lower today. It typically runs between 50 and 60 percent on the day the research paper is due. Um, I was hoping to have your exams back today, but, uh, the situation was that I went away for the weekend, and I was supposed to get in yesterday at five, and I expected to fully complete all the exams by midnight or so, which is the time that I usually go to bed, but my flight was delayed, and I ended up not getting in until one o'clock in the morning. Anyway, I,“ do my best to hove them finished by the next time we meet.

寒暄离题式的开头方式比较符合中国的传统文化,先是客套一番,然后才进入课程的主要内容。

2、背景引入式

OG-test 2-L4

We've been looking at colossal statues—works of exceptionally huge size—and their essentially public role, in commemorating a political or religious figure. How some of these statues date back thousands of years... like the statues of the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt—which you can still visit today... and how others, though surviving only in legend, have fired the imagination of writers and artists right up to our own time, such as the Colossus of Rhodes, that 110-foot statue of the Greek god Helios. Remember, this same word, ”colossus”一 which means a giant or larger-than-life-size statue—is what today’s term “colossal” derives from. Now, it was one thing to build such statues, at an equally colossal cost, when the funds were being allocated by ancient kings and pharaohs. But if we're going to think about modern-day colossal statues, we need to reexamine more closely their role as social and political symbols—in order to understand why a society today—a society of free, tax-paying citizens—would agree to allocate so much of its resources to erecting them.

背景引入式的开头方式,是听力讲座,尤其是学术类讲座的一个重要特点。为了引出讲座的主题,教授会在一开始的时候,先将一下相关的背景,循序渐进地带入。

背景引入式常见关键点:

时态:一般现在时或者过去式

3、课堂回顾

TPO1-L3

OK,we've been talking about early agriculture in the near east. So let's concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it.

OK.In the last class, we started talking about useful plant fibers...Today well continue talking about useful fibers, and we'll begin with a fiber that's commonly known as ”Manila hemp.“

大家可以注意到加粗部分的内容,是针对课程或者课堂内容的回顾。课堂回顾是我们听重点的一个提示而已,我们要关注的是后边的内容,也就是“本堂课”要注意的内容。

课堂回顾式常见关键点:

时态:一般过上时或者是现在完成时、现在完成进行时

关键词:in the last class, today, now, talk about, but.

4、直入主题式

TPO18-L1

OK,today we are going to start a study of sunspot today

Ok,now I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set of defense mechanisms.

直入主题的开头方式,需要考生集中精力听讲座的内容,不要错过听力的有效信息。

直入主题式常见关键点:

时态:一般现在时或者将来时

直入主题式常见关键词:now, want to talk about,

托福听力:生活背景类词汇

1、找房

-抱怨:dormitory①太小太脏②太吵③管的太严;apartment①东西老坏②室友难处neat, considerate.

-找房难,不愿搬,抱怨多,怕涨价,减装修

-房东landlord,租户tenant

2、噪音

-室内:调音turn down,隔音sound proof,没意识到

-室外:airport, highway, traffic

3、空气污染

-室内:开窗,空气窒息stuffy,卡住了window is stuck

-室外:没办法,抱怨多

4、装修

-少花钱afford,新床new couch

-旧家具往哪放where do you want it to go?

5、修理

-什么坏了,找谁:管道工plumber, 水龙头/管子漏leaky faucet/pipe, 下水道堵塞clogged drain, 灯泡bulb, 电线wiring, 电灯light , 电工electrician

-修理贵,修不如买:以旧换新trade it in

修理工的总称:maintenance people, technician, repair person

6、高速路highway

-长塞车be tied up/ backed up in traffic, traffic jam, rush hour.

-拐错弯:should have turned, miss the turn

-从哪儿出get out , exit

-违章:超速speeding, 闯红灯go through the red light, 违章停车illegal parking, 停车场lot,罚单ticket, 交通队traffic court

7、迷路,问路

中南central south,左上角upper left hand,右下角lower right hand,沿着走 down, walk along. Off to

你去哪儿:where are you heading for

leaving for

8、外伤

-易受伤

-伤哪里:twist, strain, hurt, injure, shoulder, wrist, ankle, knee

-能不能动

-原因:搬东西或锻炼

9、看病

-症状:feel under the weather身体不适,catch a cold, have ringing in the ears , running nose, sneeze喷嚏。感染…病come down with, get a touch of, catch

-禁忌

-药管不管用:药起了作用it works/helps. It does good. It does the trick. It make difference.

药片pill,剂量dosage,入院be admitted to hospital, 出院check out of/release from

医务室infirmary,clinic. 药房pharmacy,棉团floss, 打针shots,抓药fill

10、打工

-时间,工资,经验

-职责,感受

11、借钱,还钱

-不愿借

-不想还

-(语气)why

12、帮忙

-帮或不帮

-为何不帮

lack of

13、捎东西 low on sth

-缺什么be short of

-要或不要,原因 run out of

14、搭车

-搭不上,听原因:接sb. pick sb up, 下车到哪儿drop sb off at sw

15、等人

-等不着

-不想等

-why

托福听力指路类话题常用语

be far from 距离某处很远

be nearby 距离某处很近

go straight across/to/through 径直走过/向/过

cross (over) 穿过(某条街道)

be next to 紧邻

turn left/right 左转/右转

go up/down 向上(北)/向下(南)

go back/back/back up 向回走

go east/west/south/north 向东/南/西/北

go on/along…till you meet…沿…一直走,直到…

be on sb’s left/right 在某人的左边/右边

be the first/second/third from the left/right 从左/右数第一/二/三个

directly opposite 和…相对

be located behind/in front of 坐落在…的前面/后面

be on the corner of A street and B street 在A和B街交汇的拐角处

be in the corner of 在…的角落里

ground floor (英)首层

wing 配楼/建筑的一部分

annex 配楼/建筑的附属建筑

basement 地下室/第一层

step 台阶

wheel chair access 无台阶的/残疾人用

aisle 过道

intersection/crossroad 十字路口

a fork on the road 分叉路口

a T road 丁字路口

intersection/crossroads/junction/clover-leaf 立交桥

托福听力经典场景词汇

表示开夜车的词组

stay up late/be up late/day in and day out/around the clock/burn the midnigh

t oil

表示忙的词组

be up to one’s neck in work

get my hands full

表示替代的词组

fill in for sb/fill sb’s shoes

表示提前的词组

in advance/be ahead of time/before hand

表示冷静的词组

cool off/calm down/settle/soothe/pacify

表示内向的词组

keep one’s opinions/ideas to oneself

self-conscious,shy,keep to oneself,unsociable,uncommunicative,withdrawn

表示看法的词组

think much(little/high) of

have no use for/have no taste for

It makes me uncomfortable to

表示同意的词组

You can say that again.

You may well say so

You said it.

Well said.

I will say

So be it.

I see eye to eye with you.

And how.(降调)

Right on.

By all means.

Go ahead.

I don’t wonder.

No/little wonder.

So does it.

As far as I know.(单独使用)

No problem.

You are telling me.

Is ice cold?

Does a fish swim?

Does a bird fly?

I’m behind you.

I’m with you.

I’m for it.

表示不同意的词组

You don’t say so.

So you say.

Says who.

Who says so?

That’s not saying very much.

And I do?

Are you kidding?

表示无法理解的词组

beyond reach/imagination

above me

over my head

表示快的词组

in (next to) no time,before long,on short notice,by and by,in a little while

,in a second/minute/little bit,any time,soon,quickly,immediately,shortly

表示耀眼的词组

noticeable/eye-catching/catch one’s eyes/attract one’s attention/arresting/e

minent/easy to notice/marked

表示拜访的词组

drop by/in/over/around,stop by/in/over,run in,come over to,come by,call on,s tep in,go to have a look,pay a visit

表示完成的词组

wrap up

be through with

be done with

get sth out of the way

put an end to sth

be finished

表示降价的词组

half price/50% off/half off

discount/on sale/a big sale/good bargain

表示累的词组

out of steam/worn out/run down/tired out/dog-tired

I’m beat.

I’m pooped.

表示我请客的词组

Let me treat me.

It’s my treat.

It’s on me.

I’ll foot/pay the bill.

I want to pick up the pad.

表示钱平分的词组

go Dutch

split the expense

咖啡场景

instant coffee,gourmet coffee

aroma,flavor

coffee pot,coffee spoon,coffee set,coffee service

snack

coffee-break

like to drink-how(milk,sugar,cream,blank,coffee,micro oven)

戒咖啡:caffeme:I am off caffeme.

沙滩场景

beach: swimming,suntan,lie there doing nothing,play sand volleyball

男生寝室脏情景

dirty,in a mass,messy,chaos,chaotic,mess up,make a mess of,vacuum cleaner

天气场景

usually cool summer,cold,wool sweater,coat,down jacket

keep up,continue

hot,scorcher

downpour,snow,no end in sight,clear up

That makes it four days in a row.

篇5:托福听力常见文学类词汇一览

literary studies 文学研究

literary criticism 文学评论

narrative 叙述

narrator 叙述者,人称

school of literature 文学派别

Realism 现实主义

Romanticism 浪漫主义

surrealism 超现实主义

stream of consciousness 意识流

William Shakespeare 威廉. 莎士比亚

莎翁四大悲剧:Hamlet 汉姆雷/Macbeth 麦克白/King Lear 李尔王/Othello 奥赛罗

Mid-summer Night Dream 仲夏夜之梦

O'henry 欧亨利

Mark Twin 马克吐温

Tolstoy 托尔斯泰

content 目录

summary 总结

annotation 注释

reference 参考文献

authorship 著作权

copyright 版权

fairy tale 童话故事

folk tale 民间故事

legend 传说

literature 文学

poetry 诗歌

poem 诗

poet 诗人

heroic poem 英雄主义诗歌

sonnet 十四行诗

biography传记

autobiography 自传

drama 戏剧

prose 散文

novel 小说

novelist 小说家

allegory 寓言

comparative literature 比较文学

editorial 社论

editor 编辑

fiction 小说

non-fiction 非小说类

abstract 摘要

preface 序言

prologue 前言

main body 主体

plot 情节

托福听力练习对照文本

Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program.

晚上好,我的名字叫Pam Jones,代表现代舞俱乐部,我想欢迎大家来到今晚的节目。

The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet.

本俱乐部很荣幸地介绍Catherine Wheel(凯萨琳车轮)的电视版,Twyla Tharp的摇滚芭蕾舞。

This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production.

这个芭蕾舞的视频版在观众中甚至已获得比原始的剧场作品更大的成功。

It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance.

它包括了一些动画,慢动作,和静止动作等能真正帮助观众理解舞蹈。

The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D.

这个作品的名字指的是Saint Catherine(圣凯瑟琳),她于公元307年死于一个轮子上

Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework.

现如今,Catherine Wheel也是一种烟火(转轮烟火)

It looks something like a pinwheel.

它看起来像某种转轮焰火。

Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks!

不管怎样,该舞蹈确实充满了焰火!

You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life.

你将会看到Twyla Tharp是如何探究一个家庭在现代生活中面对暴力的尝试

The central symbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy.

作品的核心象征是一个菠萝,但是究竟它代表了什么一直引起诸多争议

As you watch, see if you can figure it out.

当你们观看的时候,看看你们能否弄明白

The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music.

这篇作品的配乐充满了摇滚乐的节奏能量

It was composed by David Byrne.

由David Byrne作曲,

Of the rock band Talking Heads?

(David Byrne)貌似是来自摇滚乐队Talking Heads?

And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography.

这个版本的领舞是Sara Rudner,她完全适合Tharp的大胆的编舞

Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms. Tharp used.

伴随着视频,舞蹈老师Mary Parker将会引导一个关于Ms. Tharp所用的象征主义的讨论。

We hope you can stay for that.

我们希望你们能够为此而留下

So, enjoy tonight's video and thank you for your support.

那么,享受今晚的视频,并且感谢大家的支持

托福听力练习对照文本

Did you ever wonder why it is that most people are ”programmed“ to sleep at night instead of during the day?

你有没有琢磨过为什么大多数人都是“程序化的”晚上睡觉而不是白天?

If there's something about the cycle of light and dark that's telling us when to sleep, then shouldn't the sleep cycle of a blind person be different?

如果有某种关于光暗循环的(东东)告诉我们什么时候该睡觉,那么盲人的睡眠周期是否应该不一样呢?

As it turns out, many blind people—people with no visual perception of light at all—do have the same sleep cycle as sighted people.

事实证明,许多盲人——没有任何光的视觉感知的人——同视力正常的人有着同样的睡眠周期。

So now you're wondering, ”How can this happen?“

所以你现在得寻思,“怎么能发生呢?”

The answer is: hormones, one hormone in particular. It's called melatonin.

答案是:荷尔蒙,特别是一种荷尔蒙。它叫做褪黑激素。

In sighted people, the level of melatonin goes up at night, or when it's dark, and goes down in the day, or when it's light.

在视力正常的人中,褪黑激素的水平在夜里或黑暗时上升,在白天或光线中下降。

It's believed that it's the presence of this hormone in the blood that gives us the urge to sleep.

人们相信是这种荷尔蒙在血液中的存在给了我们睡觉的迫切要求。

If an increase in melatonin level ”programs" sighted people to sleep at night, then what about blind people?

如果褪黑激素水平的增加“程序化”了视觉正常的人在夜里睡觉,那么对于盲人怎么样呢?

A researcher, named Dr. Charles Czeisler, tells about an interesting experiment.

一个研究者,名叫Charles Czeisler博士,讲述了一个有趣的实验。

He tried shining a bright light into the eyes of some blind people.

他尝试把一束强光射入某些盲人的眼中。

When he did this, he noticed that the level of the melatonin in the blood of these subjects went down just as it would do for sighted people.

当他这么做时,它注意到在这些实验对象的血液中的褪黑激素的水平下降了,正如对视力正常的人如此做一样。

Somehow, the eyes of these subjects, even though they were damaged and had no visual perception of light, could tell their brain when there was more or less light.

不知何故,这些实验对象的眼睛,即使它们被损坏了,并且没有对光线的视觉感知,也能告诉他们的大脑什么时候有多或者少的光线。

Now, this doesn't work for all blind people;

哦,这并不适用于所有盲人。

in fact, most of Czeisler's subjects had no hormonal response to light at all.

事实上,大多数Czeisler的实验对象对光线根本没有荷尔蒙的反应。

Further research may be able to explain this sensitivity to light in terms of the type of blindness of the subject.

进一步的研究也许能依据实验对象的失明的类型来解释这种感光灵敏度。

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