下面小编给大家整理的雅思阅读之牢记8组常见关系词（共含10篇），欢迎阅读!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“学不下去”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
拯救雅思阅读困难户大作战--牢记8组常见关系词
①表示举例
a case in point, after all, as an proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, specifically, to illustrate, to demonstrate
②表示增补
additionally, along with, also, as well as, besides, equally, even, furthermore, in addition, just as, moreover, not only…but also…, what’s more
③表示强调
above all, as a matter of fact, indeed, in fact, most important, obviously, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubt
④表示比较
by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, likewise, similarly
⑤表示让步
admittedly, after all, all the same, although, even so, in spite of, nevertheless
⑥表示结果
accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thus.
⑦表示转折
although, but, despite, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yet.
⑧表示结论
as has been noted(mentioned, stated), at last, finally, in a word, all in all, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in sum, in summary, to conclude, to sum up , to summarize.
雅思阅读机经真题解析-农村交通方案
For more than 40 years, Practical Action have worked with poor communities to identify the types of transport that work best, taking into consideration culture, needs and skills. With our technical and practical support, isolated rural communities can design, build and maintain their own solutions.
A Whilst the focus of National Development Plans in the transport sector lies heavily in the areas of extending road networks and bridges, there are still major gaps identified in addressing the needs of poorer communities. There is a need to develop and promote the sustainable use of alternative transport systems and intermediate means of transportation (IMTs) that complement the linkages of poor people with road networks and other socio-economic infrastructures to improve their livelihoods.
B On the other hand, the development of all weathered roads (only 30 percent of rural population have access to this so far) and motorable bridges are very costly for a country with a small and stagnant economy. In addition these interventions are not always favourable in all geographical contexts environmentally, socially and economically. More than 60 percent of the network is concentrated in the lowland areas of the country. Although there are a number of alternative ways by which transportation and mobility needs of rural communities in the hills can be addressed, a lack of clear government focus and policies, lack of fiscal and economic incentives, lack of adequate technical knowledge and manufacturing capacities have led to under-development of this alternative transport sub-sector including the provision of IMTs.
C One of the major causes of poverty is isolation. Improving the access and mobility of the isolated poor paves the way for access to markets, services and opportunities. By improving transport poorer people are able to access markets where they can buy or sell goods for income, and make better use of essential services such as health and education. No proper roads or vehicles mean women and children are forced to spend many hours each day attending to their most basic needs, such as collecting water and firewood. This valuable time could be used to tend crops, care for the family, study or develop small business ideas to generate much needed income.
D Road Building
Without roads, rural communities are extremely restricted. Collecting water and firewood, and going to local markets is a huge task, therefore it is understandable that the construction of roads is a major priority for many rural communities. Practical Action are helping to improve rural access/transport infrastructures through the construction and rehabilitation of short rural roads, small bridges, culverts and other transport related functions. The aim is to use methods that encourage community driven development. This means villagers can improve their own lives through better access to markets, health care, education and other economic and social opportunities, as well as bringing improved services and supplies to the now-accessible villages.
E Driving forward new ideas
Practical Action and the communities we work with are constantly crafting and honing new ideas to help poor people. Cycle trailers have a practical business use too, helping people carry their goods, such as vegetables and charcoal, to markets for sale. Not only that, but those on the poverty-line can cam a decent income by making, maintaining and operating bicycle taxis. With Practical Action's know-how. Sri Lankan communities have been able to start a bus service and maintain the roads along which it travels. The impact has been remarkable. This service has put an end to rural people's social isolation Quick and affordable, it gives them a reliable way to travel to the nearest town, and now their children can get an education, making it far more likely they'll find a path out of poverty. Practical Action is also an active member of many national and regional networks through which exchange of knowledge and advocating based on action research arc carried out and one conspicuous example is the Lanka Organic Agriculture Movement.
F Sky-scraping transport system
For people who live in remote, mountainous areas, getting food to market in order to earn enough money to survive is a serious issue. The hills are so steep that travelling down them is dangerous. A porter can help but they are expensive, and it would still take hours or even a day. The journey can take so long that their goods start to perish and become worth less and less. Practical Action have developed an ingenious solution called an aerial ropeway. It can cither operate by gravitation force or with the use of external power. The ropeway consists of two trolleys rolling over support tracks connected to a control cable in the middle which moves in a traditional flywheel system. The trolley at the top is loaded with goods and can take up to 120kg. This is pulled down to the station at the bottom, either by the force of gravity or by external power. The other trolley at the bottom is therefore pulled upwards automatically. The external power can be produced by a micro hydro system if access to an electricity grid is not an option.
G Bringing people on board
Practical Action developed a two-wheeled iron trailer that can be attached via a hitch behind the scat) to a bicycle and be used to carry heavy loads (up to around 200kgs) of food, water or even passengers. People can now carry three tunes as much as before and still pedal the bicycle. The cycle trailers are used for transporting goods by local producers, as ambulances, as mobile shops, and even as mobile libraries. They are made in small village workshops from iron tubing, which is cut, bent, welded and drilled to make the frame and wheels. Modifications are also carried out to the trailers in these workshops at the request of the buyers. The two-wheeled 'ambulance' is made from moulded metal, with standard rubber-tyred wheels. The “bed” section can be padded with cushions to make the patient comfortable, while the “seat” section allows a family member to attend to patient during transit. A dedicated bicycle is needed to pull the ambulance trailer, so that other community members do not need to go without the bicycles they depend on in their daily lives. A joining mechanism allows for easy removal and attachment. In response to user comments, a cover has been designed that can be added to give protection to the patient and attendant in poor weather Made of treated cotton, the cover is durable and waterproof.
Questions 1-4
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage1?
In boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement is true
NO if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1. A slow developing economy often cannot afford some road networks especially for those used regardless weather conditions.
2. Rural communities' officials know how to improve alternative transport technically.
3. The primary aim for Practical Action to improve rural transport infrastructures is meant to increase the trade among villages.
4. Lanka Organic Agriculture Movement provided service that Practical Action highly involved in.
Questions 5-8
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.
5. WHAT is the first duty for many rural communities to reach unrestricted development?
6. WHAT was one of the new ideas to help poor people carry their goods, such as vegetables and charcoal, to markets for sale?
7. WHAT service has put an end to rural people's social isolation in Sri Lanka?
8. WHAT solution had been applied for people who live in remote, mountainous areas getting food to market?
Questions 9-13
Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
Besides normal transport task, changes are also implemented to the trailers in these workshops at the request of the buyers when it was used on medical emergency or a moveable 9 ; 'Ambulance' is made from metal, with rubber wheels and drive by another bicycle. When put with 10 in the two-wheeled 'ambulance', the patient can stay comfortable and which another 11 can sit on caring for patient in transport journey. In order to dismantle or attach other equipment, an assembling 12 is designed. Later, as user's suggest, 13 has also been added to give a protection to the patient.
文章题目：Rural Transport Plan of “Practical Action“
篇章结构
体裁论说文
题目农村交通的实践方案
结构(一句话概括每段大意)
A 段 国家发展计划的交通部门重心的不足及解决方案
B 段 交通发展的不利现状
C 段 封闭造成的贫穷及提高交通的解决方式
D 段 公路建设的必要性
E 段 提出新主意及积极案例
F 段 新主意的特别案例摩天大楼交通体系
G 段 新主意的特别案例将人们带到车上
试题分析
Question 1-4
题目类型：true /false/not given
Question 5-8
题目类型：short answer questions
Question 9-13
题目类型：summary
题号定位词文中对应点题目解析
1Slowing economy
Road network 对应文章第2段，第2句话第2段段首引出话题，development of
All weathered road 公路，are costly for a country with small and stagnant economy. 说经济对发展road的代价重，第2句话，this..is not favourable 不支持对应a选项的can not affort. in all geographical contexts environmentally对应选项中的weather condition
…,and economically 对应选项的economy
因此本题答案是yes
2Rural community official ，Alternative transport 对应文章第b段第4句话Although there are a number alternative ways by which transportation and …of rural communities can be addressed, a lack of clear government focus and policies…lack of technical knowledge
其中
Official 对应 government， Alternative transport technically对应 alternative ways by which transportation及 technical knowledge 对应句子
lack of 因此是否定 no
3Rural transport
Infrastructure
Trade对应文章第d段 文章提到了practical action are helping improve rural access aim transport
Infrastructure也提到了 the aim
但是没有说main aim
因此 not given
4专有名词
Lanka organic agricultural movement对应文章e段E段最后一段说了practical action is also an active member of networks ,and one example is the Lanka organic agricultural movement
因此yes
5Rural community，
Unrestricted development 对应d段落的第一句话，第2句话Without road，rural communities are restricted,说明修路就不限制了，以及第2句明确说了construction of road is a major priority首要
因此答案是 construction of road
6New idea，
Carry goods
vegetable对应 e段第2句话Cycle trailer has a practical business use too, helping people carry vegetable…
因此答案 Cycle trailer
7 Service
专有名词
Sri lankan定位到e段第4句话Sri lankan community have been able to start a bus service ..及后面说this service has put an end the rural people’ social isolation
因此答案是 bus service
8 Solution
Remote mountain area
Food 对应f段 第1句第5句第1句提到了这个提干的问题，但是解决方案没有提到，第5句明确说了 solution called aerial ropeway
因此答案 aerial ropeway
9Trailer, medical emergency ,
Moveable 对应原文g段
过河拆桥法把满足题目的词拆掉剩下的是答案
定位到第3句the cycle trailer are used for transporting goods by..mobile shops
And libraries 其中mobile 表示移动的对应题Moveable 可移动的
因此答案是 shops libraries
10Two wheeled
Ambulance
Comfortable 对应原文g段Bed section.. with cushion to make the patient comfortable .
因此答案 cushion
11Another
Care for patient对应原文g段While the seat section allow a family member to attend the patient
Attend= Care for
照顾照料因此答案是 其中sit是动词前面缺少主语 只有 family member can sit
因此答案是 family member
12Attach Other equipment
Assembling 对应原文g段A joining mechanism allow for easiy removal and attachment 其中 allow 对应 in order
to joining对应 Assembling连接的
因此答案是 mechanism
13added
protection对应原文g段因此定位到a cover has been designed that can be added to give protection…
因此答案是 cover
参考译文：
农村交通和“实践行动”方案
40多年来，“实践行动”计划与贫困社区通力合作，在充分考虑文化，需求和技能等诸要素的前提下，致力于寻找最有效的农村交通方式。得到技术和实际行动方面的支持后，哪怕是偏远的乡村地区也可以自行设计，建造和维护交通。
A尽管“家发展计划”的交通部门重心主要在于公路闷络和桥梁的延展，而贫困地区需求的处理解决依然远远不足，很有必要发展和促进可选择性交道体系和中间交通方式(IMTs)的可持续性使用。IMTs完善补足了穷苦人民与公路网络以及其他社会经济基础设施之间的联系，也提高了他们的生活水平。
B另一方面，对干一个经济不景气的国家而言，全天化(all weathered)的公路(目前为止只有30%的农村人口可以使用到公路)和可通汽车的桥梁的维护和发展是代价不菲的。而且，从环境，社会和经济角度而言，这些人为干涉并不总是在所有的地区都受到支持。超过60%的交通网络策中在低地地区。尽管存在大量的其他方式可以解决山区农村地区的交通需求，但由于缺乏清晰的政府重心和政策，缺乏财政和经济的刺激，缺乏充足的技术知识和生产能力，导致了包括IMTs在内的诸多其他交通方式的发展裏足不前。
C贫困的主要原因之一就是与外界隔绝闭塞。提高闭塞落后地区的通路和机动性，也就为接触市场，服务和得到史多的机会铺平了道路。随着交通的改良，贫困的人民就可以进入买卖商品的市场，获得壮益的同时，也得以更好地享用诸如健康和教育之类的基本服务。没有适合的公路和车辆，也就意味着妇女和孩童每天要被迫花更多的时间来满足她们的基本生活需求，比如取水和收集木柴，而这些宝贵的时间大可种庄稼，照顾家庭，学习，或者做些小生意，多赚点钱满足生活所需。
公路建造
D没有公路，农村社区就被完全限制住了。连收集水和木材，去当地市场都成了一个艰巨的事情。因此不难理解对大多数农村社区而言，建造公路(construction of road)就是一项主要的任务。通过建设和恢复较短的农村公路，小桥梁，排水渠以及其他与交通相关的设备，“实践行动”方案正在帮助改进农村的交通基本设施。该方案的目标是使用一些方法，鼓励社区能动地发展。也就是说，村民们可以更好地接触市场，健康医护，教育和其他社会经济机会，把改善的服务提供给那些可通行的乡村，以此来提高自身的生活水平。
提出新主意
E“实践行动”方案，以及我们所合作的社区都不停地构思琢磨出新的点子， 来帮助穷苦的人群。拖车(cycle trailers)有一个实际的商务用途：帮助人们运输蔬菜，煤炭等商品到市场区售卖，所以通过制造，维护，运作出租车，那些处于贫困线的人们便能够从中賺不少钱。在“实践行动”方案提供专业知识的帮助下，斯里兰卡社会开始了 一个巴士服务(bus service)，并且维护着沿途的公路。 该影响是巨大的，结束了农村人民的与世隔绝。又快又便宜，提供了人民一个可靠的方式旅行到最近的城镇;孩子们受到了教育，也就更有可能找到了一条摆脱 貧困的路线。“实践行动”方案也促进了很多家道路网络和地方道路网路通达， 基于行动研究的知识交换也得以执行了，其中一个特别引人注目的案例就是斯里 兰卡有机农业运动。
F对于生活在偏远山区的人们而言，把食物运到市场以获得收入而生存下去是 一件特别重要的事情。山脉太陡峭了，攀山越岭都是件危险的事情。是可以聘请运货工，但毕竟代价不菲。即便如此，依然要花数个小时甚至是一天的时间来翻山越岭。路程花费时间过长，商品开始腐坏，开始逐渐貶值。“实践忏动”方案想出了一个聪明的法子，名字叫做空中索道(aerial rope)。空中索道利用地心引力运作或者通过外部能量运作，控制缆绳在中间，以传统的飞轮方式移动，两个缆车则在支撑的轨道上滚动。位于顶部的缆车装载货物，可达120公斤，而后通过地心引力或者外部能量拉到站台。另外一个位于底部的缆车因此也就自动地往上移。如果无法利用电网，外在能量则可以由微型水动力系统产生。
G“实践行动”方案发展了两轮铁拖车，通过座位后的钩子，铁拖车可以附着在自行车上，用于运输较重的食物，水，甚至是乘客总计可以高达200公斤)。 依然踩着自行车，人们可以运输之前三倍的货物量。拖车被当地的制造商用来进行各类运输，诸如被当做救护车，移动商店，甚至是移动图书馆。拖车是在小山村作坊中以铁管制成的。通过切割，弯曲，焊接，穿孔，制作出了框架和轮子。也会根据买家的要求进行一些修改。两轮的救护车由磨具浇灌的金属做成，带着标准的橡胶轮子，“床”的部分铺着坐垫使病人感到舒服：而“座位”的部分使得家人得以在转移时照看病人。需要专门的拉车来拉动救护拖车，所以人们也就不必割舍日常生活依赖的自行车。装卸体系使得拆装变得容易。出于客户的要求， 人们设计了一个盖子，在天气恶劣到时候来保护病人和看护人员。盖子由处理过的棉花做成，可以防水，经久耐用。
参考答案：
Version 17102 主题 “实践行动”交通
1YES 2NO 3NOT GIVEN
4YES 5construction of roads 6cycle trailers
7a bus service 8an aerial ropeway 9shops/shops and libraries
10cushions 11family member 12mechanism
13 a cover
主要是在课外研究一些小的项目，小的调查研究，包括对学校里各个地方，食品(咖啡、小吃)等价格的比较。对这些东西不可不屑一顾，这也是与文化背景有 关，外国人注重从小培养人的实践能力，看《成长的烦恼》中那个小男孩本，研究毛毛虫那么用心就可理解了。这部分主要注意听力，特别关注的是人名，并注意先判断男女。
比如教授开讲座、学生做论文专题讨论等。
雅思听力预测技巧分享：快速读题和题目预测
雅思听力预测技巧一般来讲就是指通过快速预读题干来掌握定位标志词和结构标志词(顺序原则的使用)和通过对填空选择题题干的分析来预测的可能性(如词性等)这两种情况。
对于这种技巧的掌握，首先，当然还是要积累足够量的词汇。如果大家不知道哪些是听力词汇，或者时间实在很短的话，背诵雅思听力机经里面的词汇是百利而无一害的做法。
通过对雅思听力机经词汇的背诵，大家就会对雅思听力常考的范围有个感性的认识。同时机经里有考生之前考试的一些主观感受描述，例如某某题型出现连读，或者自我否定，又或者语速突然的变化等，这些都可以给备考考生一个概念关于真正考试的时候可能会出现的一些状况。当然这里的背诵并不是非背下来不可，只要足够的熟悉就可以了，而且大家要把重点放在过滤生僻词汇和理解考试形式上面，因为这样对预测技巧的练习帮助最大。
其次，当然就是熟悉雅思听力考试的题型，先把听力当阅读作可以直接训练读题速度和预测的能力。这个时候背诵就更加的不重要，重要的是读题目的出现形式。通过读题读原文，大家可以积累词汇语法，以及的出现可能性，这样子才能够磨练自己在听录音的时候对的敏感度。
雅思技巧：五个实用的雅思听力备考方法
首先，听力的提高必须要建立在一定的词汇和语法基础上。掌握至少相当于大学英语四级的词汇量是保证雅思考好的必要条件。不仅要会辨认这些词汇，还要能够拼写。雅思听力部分所要求的语法并不太难，初高中语法足以应付。如果没有足够的词汇和基本的语法知识，很多答案即使能听出来，但也可能由于知识的不牢固而答不出来。
其次，要注意语音的锻炼。听力归根到底实际上是辨音的过程。如果考生本人的发音和标准发音有差距，那么一定要下苦功夫纠正自己的发音。
第三，要熟悉口语句子结构。熟练掌握常见的日常用语和句型，结合语法部分的准备，形成一定的条件反射，有助于提高对会话和演讲语言的敏感程度。
第四，坚持练习听写的能力。考生在听力过程中所反映的一个主要问题是，很多内容好像是听到了，但马上又忘记了。雅思听力考试需要听与写同时进行。听到了，却又记不下来，等于没听到。
最后，注意精听和泛听的结合。除了每天坚持精听针对性比较强的材料外，还要做大量的泛听练习。既要保证质的飞跃，也要保证量的积累。
“工欲善其事，必先利其器”。只有坚持多听，实实在在地提高自己的英语水平，才有可能胸有成竹，以不变应万变，取得理想的成绩。
雅思技巧：提高雅思听力反应速度需对症下药
很多考生觉得雅思听力速度过快的表现一般都是觉得听力勉勉强强能听懂，可是刚刚一听懂就错过了，根本来不及抓关键信息点;好不容易抓到关键信息点了，又来不及写下来。
考生觉得雅思听力速度太快的原因有很多，大家可以对症下药：
首先，觉得雅思听力速度快，最传统也是最有效的解决方法就是多听。除了反复练耳朵，别无捷径。
除此之外，建议平时大声朗读文章，并且保持一定的速度。听和说是密切联系的，因此，快速的朗读在一定程度上是可以促进听力水平的提高的。需要注意的是，朗读时要记得考察自己的读音是否正确标准，否则适得其反。
其次，英语基础的不牢固，对英语词汇的辨识度不够，所以要听说结合，正确的发音。
听和说是息息相关的;听力不好，口语可能就不太好;反之亦然。很多时候，因为我们的发音不好甚至不对，句子重音移位甚至错位，导致我们对本来是正确的英语句子和单词产生了“无法辨识”的错觉，大脑根本无法处理这些信息，因为平时习惯了那些错误的声音。就算能够勉强调整过来，听力材料都已经过了一大半了。
对于这一类原因，建议平时多跟读正确的材料，例如各种新闻广播，来达到纠正发音和练习听力的双重效果。此外，在平时做练习时有意识地将自己的发音与标准发音有出入的词记下来并强化训练，保证以后不再有类似错误。
最后，就是英语词汇量不够，所以想要提高雅思听力速度，就要背诵单词了。
很多考生有这样的经历，单词听到了，理解了，就是写不出来。这是因为单词的形体和读音之间还没有建立起稳定的联系。
对于这种情况，一是要在平时记单词的时候大声朗读(注意保证读音的质量)，通过综合刺激形成稳固印象;二是平时练习时多搜集此类听得懂但写不出的词，进行强化训练。
雅思听力场景之十大常见场景汇总
雅思阅读10大常见问题解答
雅思阅读中常见问题一：一遇到科技类的阅读材料，我就犯怵，就看不懂，这个应该怎样准备?
如果科技类犯怵，大概这个同学是学文科类专业的，越犯怵科技类平时越加强对科技类文章的阅读就可以了。科技的文章看起来好像好多术语比较难，往往它的结构比较清晰，科技性文章非常强调很清晰思路，很有可能一开始提出这个问题，分析这个问题，接下来解决这个问题。很有可能一开始先说明某个科学现象，原有理论是怎么样子，现在科学家们根据新的证据可能会提出新的理论等等，最后这个新的理论跟老的理论有一些什么样的区别，如果你了解这些科技类文章基本写作思路和脉络，以及再有一些相对应词汇量的准备，阅读就不会很难。
雅思阅读中常见问题二：请推荐几个好的练习阅读的教材、网站或者是杂志?
比较好的提高阅读的书籍，当然第一个就是雅思的真题。而对于辅助备考的杂志或网站，肯定是推荐雅思阅读文章来源，排名靠前的几位是英国的《新科学家》与《经济学人》，还有美国的《美国科学家》与《科学美国人》，直接在这些网站上浏览下文章就行了。另外这几本刊物，在网上都是有下载的，不过需要考验下你的信息搜集能力咯。
雅思阅读中常见问题三：很多同学都感觉在做阅读的时候时间不够用，刚刚我听到老师建议提高阅读速度，但是我不知道怎么才能跟现实的复习结合起来?老师有没有比较好的建议，能帮助我很好的理解文章，又能提高阅读速度?
这个问题比较大，阅读想考好的话无非两点，一点是精确，第二是速度要快，所以也不可能一两句话讲完，简单来说还有很多技巧，包括怎么样抓住文章中心思想，怎么样迅速抓住文章大意，怎么进行速读、扫读等等，如果阅读技巧掌握，在此基础上每天读一定数量的文章，把这些技巧加以练习，阅读速度自然提高上去。
雅思阅读中常见问题四：TURE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 这类题怎么做啊?总感觉自己的想法跟老外的想法有很大的差异,怎样才能提高这类题的正确率呢?
首先,T/F/NG考察的是考生对文章中某个语句,特别是作者观点的理解。如果给出的句子与作者的观点一致,那么就应该选T，如果给出的句子与作者的观点抵触,那么就应该选F，如果作者在文章中没有提到有关的信息,则选NG，考生在判断F和NG区别时,往往会出现比较大的问题。 如果要在短期内加以提高,不妨可以尝试一下下面的方法: 选F的题目回到文章中往往可以找到一句或两句话,至多不超过一段话与之相对应;而选NG的题目回文中将很难找到唯一对应点,句子的主谓宾等成分会分散在文中数段。
雅思阅读中常见问题五：对于雅思阅读，考生在90天的时间内应该如何备考?
复习过程最好要经历这样几个阶段:
倒数第三个月：单词的初记，最好巩固一下四六级词汇,再开始背记雅思词汇，分题型练习;
倒数第二个月：开始利用做过的题目做精读,通过精读来背单词，此时应该开始练习整套题,做题时间一定要控制在60分钟以内;
倒数第一个月：记过但还是比较陌生的单词应该再过一遍，开始练习听,读,写综合题，大套题的量应该不低于5套，阅读单项套题的量应该不低与10套，单词起码要背完六级词汇。
雅思阅读中常见问题六：阅读速度总提不上去,就算是速度提高了,正确率也就下来了,怎样才能二者兼得呢?
速度不是一个短期提高的东西.要通过大量的泛读和单词积累.建议可以从背单词开始,同时可以每天阅读1000字左右的文章.在考前二个月的时候,开始做套题就可以了.
雅思阅读中常见问题七：TURE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN ，matching ,填词题，一道小题用多长时间完成?一整道大题(如8道)用多长时间完成好呢?为什么填词题总做不好??
总体来讲每一篇文章的做题时间不能超过20分钟,但在考场上是比较难把握的.一般会出现15分钟25分钟20分钟这样的三个阶段,大题的做题时间控制在10分钟以内.小题最好不要超过2至3分钟,这样整体时间就可以把握住了.
雅思阅读中常见问题八：雅思阅读做题和阅读文章的顺序如何把握，如果通读文章，往往没有时间做题，如果看题找答案，好像又不能完全找到，还得读文章，有什么好的方法兼顾?
一般来讲,要把所有的题目看一遍,找出题目当中的数字,时间,专有名词,带有这些特色词的题目可以先做.读文章的时候不能整体通读,应该把重点放在首段和未段,以及其它段落的首未句上.这证.
雅思阅读中常见问题九：雅思阅读有几篇文章，是从容易到难吗?做题的时候是顺序做好啊还是先做自己熟悉的好?时间上应该如何分配?
学术类的话是3篇文章，共3000字左右，不按难易顺序排列。在考场上的话最好先做自己熟悉的文章或者题型相对较容易的文章，不用按顺序来作。时间分配的话一般都是20分钟一篇。移民类的话是3个部分，前两个部分都是很短小的文章，每部分2篇左右，第三个部分则是一篇1000字左右的长文章，难度与留学类相仿(但不考议论文)。所以在考场上就最好按照顺序来作，我的建议是用30分钟时间完成前两个部分，然后用30分钟集中做第三篇长文章。
雅思阅读中常见问题十：我做LH题老是一错对一半，感觉刚开始学雅思的时候着题做得挺好的啊，不知道现在着是怎么了，是不是题做多了头脑不清醒了啊，那现在该怎么办啊?
其实英语学习过程中会出现所谓的高原期现象，你现在可能就处在这样一个时期，一般在上完班1个月左右的时间出现.我建议你可以暂时先放下套题，开始练习一些单项题，同时再背一段时间的单词，等到考前还有一个月时间左右再开始练习套题.这样让自己的学习有个缓冲阶段，在这个阶段可以回顾一下以前做过的题目中的错题，反思一下，这样比闷着头一直做题要更有收获.
雅思阅读句子填空题讲解--The effects of light on plant and animal species
The effects of light on plant and animal species
Light is important to organisms for two different reasons. Firstly it is used as a cue for the timing of daily and seasonal rhythms in both planes and animals, and secondly it is used to assist growth in plants.
Breeding in most organisms occurs during a part of the year only, and so a reliable cue is needed to trigger breeding behavior. Day length is an excellent cue, because it provides a perfectly predictable pattern of change within the year. In the temperate zone in spring, temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day, but day length increases steadily by a predictable amount. The seasonal impact of day length on physiological responses is called photoperiodism, and the amount of experimental evidence for this phenomenon is considerable. For example, some species of birds’ breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially (Wolfson 1964). Other examples of photoperiodism occur in plants. A short-day plant flowers when the day is less than a certain critical length. A long-day plant flowers after a certain critical day length is exceeded. In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species. Plants which flower after a period of vegetative growth, regardless of photoperiod, are known as day-neutral plants.
Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival. Before the breeding season begins, food reserves must be built up to support the energy cost of reproduction, and to provide for young birds both when they are in the nest and after fledging. Thus many temperate-zone birds use the increasing day lengths in spring as a cue to begin the nesting cycle, because this is a point when adequate food resources will be assured.
The adaptive significance of photoperiodism in plants is also clear. Short-day plants that flower in spring in the temperate zone are adapted to maximising seedling growth during the growing season. Long-day plants are adapted for situations that require fertilization by insects, or a long period of seed ripening. Short-day plants that flower in the autumn in the temperate zone are able to build up food reserves over the growing season and over winter as seeds. Day-neutral plants have an evolutionary advantage when the connection between the favourable period for reproduction and day length is much less certain. For example, desert annuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, regardless of the day length.
The breeding season of some plants can be delayed to extraordinary lengths. Bamboos are perennial grasses that remain in a vegetative state for many years and then suddenly flower, fruit and die (Evans 1976). Every bamboo of the species Chusquea obietifolia on the island of Jamaica flowered, set seed and died during 1884. The next generation of bamboo flowered and died between 1916 and 1918, which suggests a vegetative cycle of about 31 years. The climatic trigger for this flowering cycle is not yet known, but the adaptive significance is dear. The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds (in some cases lying 12 to 15centimetres deep on the ground) is more than all the seed-eating animals can cope with at the time, so chat some seeds escape being eaten and grow up to form the next generation (Evans 1976).
The second reason light is important to organisms is that it is essential for photosynthesjs. This is the process by which plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon from soil or water into organic material for growth. The rate of photosynthesis in a plant can be measured by calculating the rate of its uptake of carbon. There is a wide range of photosynthetic responses of plants to variations in light intensity. Some plants reach maximal photosynthesis at one-quarter full sunlight, and others, like sugarcane, never reach a maximum, but continue to increase photosynthesis rate as light intensity rises.
Plants in general can be divided into two groups: shade-tolerant species and shade-intolerant species. This classification is commonly used in forestry and horticulture. Shade-tolerant plants have lower photosynthetic rates and hence have lower growth rates than those of shade-intolerant species. Plant species become adapted to living in a certain kind of habitat, and in the process evolve a series of characteristics that prevent them from occupying other habitats. Grime (1966) suggests that light may be one of the major components direrting these adaptations. For example, eastern hemlock seedlings are shade-tolerant. They can survive in the forest understorey under very low light levels because they have a low photosynthetic rate.
Questions 34-40
Complete the sentences.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet.
34Day length is a useful cue for breeding in areas where ..................... are unpredictable.
35Plants which do not respond to light levels arc referred to as ......................... .
36Birds in temperate climates associate longer days with nesting and the availability of .........................
37Plants that flower when days are long often depend on.........................to help them
38Desert annuals respond to..............as a signal for reproduction.
39There is no limit to the photosynthetic rate in plants such as .............................. .
40 Tolerance to shade is one criterion for the horticulture …………………………… of plants in forestry and horticulture.
答案与解析:
长难句练习：
1.Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival.
参考译文：例如鸟类等动物的繁殖期占据了一年中他们后代生存几率最大的时间。
知识点：句子主干Breeding seasons主语， have evolved to occupy 谓语，the part of the year宾语，in animals定语，in which引导限定性定语从句在句中做时间状语因为in which=when。Breeding seasons繁殖期，繁殖季节;evolve逐步进化;offspring后代
2. Long-day plants are adapted for situations that require fertilization by insects, or a long period of seed ripening.
参考译文：长日照植物会选择适宜昆虫受精或种子成熟周期较长的时期。
知识点：Long-day plants长日照植物，are adapted for适宜，fertilization by insects昆虫受精，seed ripening种子成熟 句子主干Long-day plants主语 ，are adapted for谓语被动态 ，situations宾语，that限定性引导定语从句修饰 situations。
3.The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds (in some cases lying 12 to 15 centimeters deep on the ground) is more than all the seedeating animals can cope with at the time, so that some seeds escape being eaten and grow up to form the next generation.
参考译文：大量的竹子同时孕育的种子产量(在一些例子中，种子在地下12-15厘米深)，超过了这一时期以种子为食的动物所能吃掉的数量，所以，一些种子就能存活下来，长成下一代。
知识点：主句主语是production，more than表语后加了一个对比关系的句子 all the seedeating animals can cope with at the time; so that引导结果状语从句。
那些当年我们踩过的坑 雅思A类阅读常见误区
那些当年我们踩过的坑，雅思A类阅读常见误区为你带来雅思A类的阅读中，过来人们已经踩过并证明是坑的误区总结。在雅思阅读的备考期间，我们除了要制定备考计划，还要了解雅思考试的出题思路和走势。对于雅思阅读的误区总结也是了解雅思考试的一个重要方式。下面我们就来看看这些误区吧。
雅思阅读误区之一、雅思阅读就是找答案，只要背上数千单词就可以考得高分
其实不然。我见过一个学生，词汇量相当大，有8000左右，写作方面表现得很好，随手就可以写出6.5分水平的作文，但是，他的阅读模拟测试却从没有超过5分，而且对阅读课表现得很不耐烦，以为只要把单词背完就行了。
雅思考试作为目前世界上最权威的英语能力测试之一，除了一定量的词汇量，扎实的语法基础，良好的语感和阅读习惯，以及较快的阅读速度，都是取得高分必不可少的因素。只有有了这些基础，再辅以适当练习，对雅思阅读题型的熟悉和对时间的把握，才有把握取得较高的分数。
雅思考试对考生真实的英语阅读能力考察的准确性决定了它不是靠瞎猜或运气，或者是词汇量大就可以考好的。建议广大考生，踏踏实实地多花点时间和精力在阅读本身上，当考生的阅读理解水平达到一定程度时，想不考高分都难。阅读考试应该按照题目设置顺序完成。
雅思阅读误区之二、阅读就是要使劲做题，做题量决定考试成绩
很多同学在复习的时候喜欢做一些市面上很火的模拟题，有同学能把模拟题做得几乎全对，而遇到真实考试却遭遇滑铁卢。本人建议烤鸭们还是要以剑桥真题系列为主，不要仅仅满足把题做对，更要花功夫理解跟解题相关的句子，对于层次高的同学希望大家能归纳下真题文章每段大意，这也是众多阅读单科8分以上同学共享的秘方。
每次阅读考试都有些题很难做，所以复习时应该重点关注此类难题。雅思阅读每次考试都会有3到4个难度颇高的题目，这些题考查大家生僻的单词，或者非常注重同学们的英语思维。本人认为大家不要过于学究，平时的复习时间不要花在偏题怪题上面，主心骨还是放在中等规范的题目中。大家记住雅思考试考的是语言，区别于四六级考试和国内的硕士研究生招生考试，题目的答案直接从文章的表象中找就可以，不用特深入地思考。如果定位之后，思维要经过山路十八弯，那大多时候就误入歧途了。
雅思阅读误区之三、剑桥真题都是很多年以前的考题，不必花很多时间钻研
剑桥真题确实是很多年以前的老题，但是既然这么大规模的出版发售就肯定对雅思考试是有指导意义的。有同学花一周时间就把剑桥真题全做完了，统计正确个数，预测分数，就把题甩在一边。题目其实就好比是一个病人去看病的时候使用的体温计，只能反映病人的体温，并不能帮助治疗。做题本身只能检测自己的英语水平，但如果不对症下药，做再多的题目也是无济于事的。
所以，做完的题目都要进行仔细分析，看一下多少属于因词汇量不够而导致的错误，多少是因为语法结构，读不懂长难句而造成的错误，多少是由于阅读技巧导致的错误。如果前两者的错误居多，那么就说明你需要提高你的词汇和语法基础了。复习的时候建议你按照题型分别进行，一方面巩固题型技巧，一方面通过把题目所在的原文进行精读，补充自己的英语基础知识。剑桥真题虽然是已经淘汰的文章，但是其思路结构，解题技巧和现在考试是一致的，也是大家复习雅思首选材料。
雅思阅读误区之四、基础差不要紧，通过做剑桥雅思真题系列，听老师讲技巧分析就能提高阅读分数
这个不能说全错。就看你的分数要求，如果你只需要4分或5分，可以说纯技巧能保证做到。但如果你要7分或8分甚至更高，单靠技巧绝对实现不了。众多雅思阅读高分得主的秘诀不仅仅在于解题技巧，更重要的是英语水平和阅读技能的同时提高。
想在短时间内在阅读上拿到7分以上的分数，那么就必须进行集中式的单词背诵。基础差的同学先可以按照顺序分别背诵高考词汇、大学四级词汇和六级词汇。这些都是咱们欠下的债，从哪里跌倒就从哪里爬起，查漏补缺，通过技巧和技能的完美提高，才是雅思阅读考试的最终目的。
雅思阅读误区之五、雅思阅读是应该先读文章再读问题
万事万物没有绝对嘛!我认为如果考生的语言水平不错，那其实先读文章和先读题目差别不大，殊途同归嘛。However，如果考生觉得自己的英语还有待提高，而又急着要考雅思的话，那么在做阅读的时候还是先读题目，划出关键信息，然后再读文章一一搜索信息。
以上就是那些当年我们踩过的坑，雅思A类阅读常见误区的全部内容。我们千万不要重蹈前人的覆辙，再次犯下同样的错误。在备考的初期就对雅思阅读的这些误区进行了解能更好地帮助我们制定备考计划并高效地执行取得结果。对于刚刚开始备考雅思阅读的同学们来说，把方向走正确比走得快更有意义。
实例解析雅思阅读的文章脉络解题法
有过考场经验的考生大都有一个体会，并不是每次都能很幸运地快速查找到答案，在几番阅读理解未果的情况下，考生通常不得不继续读上下文。我们建议考生，这时若能对上下文之间的关联有上佳的理解，又能把握文章的大体脉络，无疑是对解题的莫大帮助。
在剑桥雅思真题系列IV中，Q13 / Passage 1 / Test 1:
题目：Answer the following questions by choosing the correct responses A-P. (Matching)
Which of the responses is cited as unexpectedly uncommon, given the amount of time spent on the issue by the newspapers and television?
本题是这一组Matching 题目Q9-13中难度最大的一个，考生应能根据整体文章的脉络意识到本题信息的大体位置。由于Q9-12均按顺序出场，而且覆盖了文章大部分中间篇幅，在应对最后一题Q13时，应考虑与Q12的关联，在随后的篇幅中按照关键词索骥。
句中unexpectedly uncommon 是非常合适的关键词，而time 以及随后出现的以newspaper 为代表的媒体是具体特征。
在全文倒数第三段中Line 4 出现了: This is surprising considering the high level of media coverage on this issue.
句中出现了和关键词unexpectedly uncommon吻合的 surprising, 以及对应于time / newspapers的media coverage, 可知考点在此处，但细读下来，考生仍然难以在此找到最终答案，因为题目中讲的是 Which of the responses …, 所以答案应该是孩子们回答中的内容。
虽然答案尚未出现，但可以确定距离此处不远，可望依托上下文找出答案。在紧邻的上一句中：Only a few of the pupils (6%) mentioned that rainforest destruction may contribute to global warming. 可知下一句的This 指的是global warming.在此，语义场所铺垫的整个语义指向起到了关键性的作用。最终选择答案 J. As the rainforests are destroyed, the world gets warmer.
雅思阅读训练材料之高敏度人群的特点
雅思阅读训练材料之高敏度人群的特点为你带来一篇来自社会人文科学领域的雅思阅读材料。这篇阅读材料主要讲述的是一群被称为高敏度人群的人的习惯。这篇阅读中有涉及到心理学，社会学等相关方面的研究。由于题材是社会科学，又是一篇基于调查的学术类文章，因此在用词方面显得比较专业和抽象。下面就让我们来欣赏一下。
Do you feel like you reflect on things more than everyone else? Do you find yourself worrying about how other people feel? Do you prefer quieter, less chaotic environments?
你是否觉得自己看待事物比其他人想得多?你是否发现自己总在担心其他人的感受?你是不是更喜欢安静一些，少些嘈杂的环境?
If the above sound true to you, you may be highly sensitive. The personality trait -- which was first researched by Elaine N. Aron, Ph.D., in the early 1990s -- is relatively common, with as many as one in five people possessing it. Aron, who has written multiple studies and books on high sensitivity, including The Highly Sensitive Person, also developed a self-test (which you can take here) to help you determine if you are highly sensitive.
如果以上描述对你适用，那么你很可能属于高敏感人群。这种个性特征是相对普遍的，每五个人中就有一人属于此类。伊莱恩·阿隆博士在20世纪九十年代早期首次对此进行了研究，她写过数篇研究报告和数本相关图书，其中包括《高度敏感的人》。她同时也开发了一个自我测试来帮助你决定自己是不是高度敏感(你可以跟着这篇文章进行测试)。
While recent interest in introversion -- driven largely by high-profile publications on the subject, including Susan Cain's book “Quiet,” -- has brought more awareness to personality traits that value less stimulation and higher sensitivity, Aron notes that highly sensitive people still tend to be considered the “minority.”
近期，包括苏珊·凯因的《安静》在内的诸多内向主题出版物高调发表，引起了大众对此的极大兴趣，人们更加注意到喜欢少些刺激和有着更高敏感度的个性特征。阿隆博士提到，高敏感人群现在仍被认为是“少数”。
But “minority” doesn't mean bad -- in fact, being highly sensitive carries a multitude of positive characteristics. Read on for some of the commonalities shared by highly sensitive people.
但“少数”并不意味着不好——实际上，高度敏感的人有一系列积极正面的个性特征。跟着本文一起看看高敏感度人群的一些常见的个性特征吧。
1. They feel more deeply.
1. 他们的感受更加深刻。
One of the hallmark characteristics of highly sensitive people is the ability to feel more deeply than their less-sensitive peers. “They like to process things on a deep level,” Ted Zeff, Ph.D., author of The Highly Sensitive Person's Survival Guide and other books on highly sensitive people, tells HuffPost. “They're very intuitive, and go very deep inside to try to figure things out.”
高敏感度人群的特征标志之一就是他们比低敏感的的同伴有着更深刻的感受。“他们喜欢在深层面掌握事物，”曾编写《高敏感度人群的生存指南》以及其他相关书籍的特德·泽夫博士对报社记者说道：“他们有敏锐的直觉，会深刻思考寻找问题的答案。”
2. They're more emotionally reactive.
2. 他们的情感反应更丰富。
People who are highly sensitive will react more in a situation. For instance, they will have more empathy and feel more concern for a friend's problems, according to Aron. They may also have more concern about how another person may be reacting in the face of a negative event.
高敏感度的人对于一个情景会做出更多反应。比如，根据阿隆博士的说法，他们更会站在他人的角度考虑，对朋友遇到的难题也更有同感。他们也许会更加顾虑到其他人遇到不好的事情会怎样反应。
3. They're probably used to hearing, “Don't take things so personally” and “Why are you so sensitive?”
3. 他们很可能已经习惯听到“别往心里去“和”为什么你这么敏感?“之类的话。
Depending on the culture, sensitivity can be perceived as an asset or a negative trait, Zeff explains. In some of his own research, Zeff says that highly sensitive men he interviewed from other countries -- such as Thailand and India -- were rarely or never teased, while highly sensitive men he interviewed from North America were frequently or always teased. “So a lot of it is very cultural -- the same person who is told, 'Oh, you're too sensitive,' in certain cultures, it's considered an asset,” he says.
泽夫博士解释道，文化决定敏感可以被视作一笔财富或者一种负面特质。泽夫博士在研究中采访过来自其他国家的高敏感人群，比如泰国和印度的高敏感的人很少或者几乎没被别人取笑过，而北美的高敏感人群经常被作为取笑的对象。“所以，这很大程度上都和文化有关——在某些国家，同样一个人被别人说成‘你太敏感了!’，而在有些国家，这被视为一种个人财富，”他如此总结道。
4. They prefer to exercise solo.
4. 他们更喜欢独自锻炼。
Highly sensitive people may tend to avoid team sports, where there's a sense that everyone is watching their every move, Zeff says. In his research, the majority of highly sensitive people he interviewed preferred individual sports, like bicycling, running and hiking, to group sports. However, this is not a blanket rule -- there are some highly sensitive people who may have had parents who provided an understanding and supportive environment that would make it easier for them to participate in group sports, Zeff says.
泽夫博士介绍说，高敏感的人可能倾向于避开团队运动，因为他们会觉得每个人都在看着他的一举一动。在他的研究中，他采访的大部分高敏感的人更喜欢个人运动，比如骑自行车，跑步或者徒步旅行。然而，这并不适用于所有高敏感人群——由于家人提供了理解和支持的成长环境，有些高敏感的人可能更容易参与群体运动。
5. It takes longer for them to make decisions.
5. 他们做决定需要更长时间。
Highly sensitive people are more aware of subtleties and details that could make decisions harder to make, Aron says. Even if there is no “right” or “wrong” decision -- for example, it's impossible to choose a “wrong” flavor of ice cream -- highly sensitive people will still tend to take longer to choose because they are weighing every possible outcome. Aron's advice for dealing with this: “Take as long to decide as the situation permits, and ask for more time if you need it and can take it,” she writes in a recent issue of her Comfort Zone newsletter. “During this time, try pretending for a minute, hour, day, or even week that you have made up your mind a certain way. How does that feel? Often, on the other side of a decision things look different, and this gives you a chance to imagine more vividly that you are already there.” One exception: Once a highly sensitive person has come to the conclusion of what is the right decision to make and what is the wrong decision to make in a certain situation, he or she will be quick to make that “right” decision again in the future.
高敏感的人更能意识到那些让做决定变得困难的细节，阿隆讲道。即使没有“对”或者“错”的选择，比如，不可能会选到有“错误”口味的冰激凌，但高敏感的人仍会考虑更久，因为他们想要衡量每个可能的结果。对此，阿隆给出以下建议：“情况允许的情况下，能考虑多久就考虑多久，如果你需要并且可以得到，争取更多时间。”她在她的最近一期《舒适区》的通讯中写道，“在这段时间， 一分钟，一小时，一天，甚至一星期，试着假装你是以某种特定的方式做出决定的。这是什么感觉?一个选择的相对面通常看起来非常不同，这样做给你尽情想象做了另外一个选择的机会。”例外：一个高敏感的人一旦得出正确和错误选择的结论，以后在需要做出“正确”选择的时候他或者她会很快做出选择。
以上就是雅思阅读训练材料之高敏度人群的特点的全部内容。同学们都读懂了文章内容了吗?对于雅思阅读，这样的阅读材料其实可以每天看1-2篇，作为一个学习英语的习惯。这样潜移默化中进行每日的训练能让我们逐渐掌握英语的思维习惯以及用英语进行思考的思维方式。
带-ing词尾的介词
barring:except,not including除。。。外
concerning:about,regarding论及，关于
excepting=except
failing:in default of因缺少。。。。;在缺少。。。时
following:after in time;as a sequel to在。。。以后
including:if we include如果包括我;。。。。。。包括在内
pending:during/until在。。。。。期间/直到。。。。。为止
regarding:about,concerning,in respect of
成语介词
according tas stated by/ in proportion根据。。。。。/依照。。。。。。。
ahead of:further forward in space or time sb/sth; ealier tan sb/sth; further advanced than sb/sth
along with:in addition to;together with另外，加之，还有
apart from:exceping,not considering; in addition to除。。。。外/且莫说;除。。。之外尚有
as for:with regard to至于
as from:on and after(a specified time)从一特定时间开始
as of=as from
as regards:about,concerning至于，就。。。而论
as twith regard to关于，至于
because of:on account of,by reason
but for:without the help or hindrane etc.of假如没有。。。。(帮助或障碍等);要不是
by means of凭借。。。。。的方法
due tbecause of由于
except for:not including,other than除了
in accordance with:in conformity to一致;依据
in front of:ahead of ,in the presence of在前面;当着。。。。。。的面
in place of:in exchange for,instead of作为。。。的交换
in spite of:notwithstanding不管，不顾
instead of:in place of
in view of:considering由于，鉴于
with a view twuth the hope or intention of指望，考虑到
near tto or at a short distance from(in space,time,condition,or resemnlance)
next talmost,virtually几乎
on account of: beause of
on behalf of:in the interests of;as representative为了。。。。。的利益/代表
owing tbecause of由于
prior tbefore在前，居先
together with:as well as和，连同
up tuntil/below or equal to直到/不多于
in regard to=with regard tas concerns,in respect of
in that由于，因为
now that由于
barring:except,not including除……外
concerning:about,regarding论及，关于
excepting=except
failing:in default of因缺少……;在缺少……时
following:after in time;as a sequel to在……以后
including:if we include如果包括我;……包括在内
pending:during/until在……期间/直到……为止
regarding:about,concerning,in respect of
as twith regard to关于，至于
because of:on account of,by reason
but for:without the help or hindrane etc.of假如没有……(帮助或障碍等);要不是
by means of凭借……的方法
in view of:considering由于，鉴于
with a view twuth the hope or intention of指望，考虑到
near tto or at a short distance from(in space,time,condition,or resemnlance)
next talmost,virtually几乎
ahead of:further forward in space or time sb/sth; ealier tan sb/sth; further advanced than sb/sth
except for:not including,other than除了
in accordance with:in conformity to一致;依据
in front of:ahead of ,in the presence of在前面;当着……的面
in place of:in exchange for,instead of作为……的交换
in spite of:notwithstanding不管，不顾
instead of:in place of
along with:in addition to;together with另外，加之，还有
apart from:exceping,not considering; in addition to除……外/且莫说;除……之外尚有
on account of: beause of
on behalf of:in the interests of;as representative为了……的利益/代表
owing tbecause of由于
prior tbefore在前，居先
together with:as well as和，连同
up tuntil/below or equal to直到/不多于
in regard to=with regard tas concerns,in respect of
in that由于，因为
地理类话题也是阅读文章中常常摘选的内容，不过相比于上面的生物类，地理类的文章难度较高，因为地理现象涉及的专业名称更多、地名和各种地质现象也更加复杂，在积累地理类知识时，工作量是比较大的。
雅思阅读常见话题三、 社会科学类话题
社会科学是一个大类，包含了很多小的分支，比如教育、历史、考古、电脑、日历、垃圾问题、企业管理、音乐、数码产品等等。
这类文章的特点是，生僻词汇不如生物和地理类多，常识性的内容可以为我们解题提供很大的帮助，文章涉及的是我们平日生活的方方面面，但是范围广、细节知识多，喜欢出现数字、调查结果等。
