语法复习二、主谓一致 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

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篇1：语法复习二、主谓一致 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法复习二、主谓一致

在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。

（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

注意：① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.

3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

注意：① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.

5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.

7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。

8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。

1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.

2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.

3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.

4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.

5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

6、一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study.

7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.

8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。

（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

1、当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?

2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room..

注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。

练习：主谓一致

1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.

A.am B.is C.are D.be

2. The rich ____ not always happy.

A.are B.is C.has D.have

3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.

A.are B.am C.is D.was

4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.

A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study

5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.

A.am B.is C.are D.be

6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,

A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is

7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.

A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like

8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.

A.was B.is C. would be D.are

9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.

A.is B.are C.has D.have

10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.

A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been

11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.

A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished

12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.

A.is B.was C.are D.is being

13. The great writer and professor____.

A. is an old man B. are both old men

C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese

14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.

A.are B.is C.has D.have

15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.

A. are B. was C. is D. be

16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.

A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed

17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.

A. has been B.have been C.was D.is

19. A chemical works____ built there.

A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been

20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.

A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five

21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.

A.is B.are C.was D.were

22.He is the only one of die students who ____ elected.

A. are B.have C.has D.is

23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.

A.have B.has C. have been D.has been

24.Many a man ____ come to help us.

A.have B.has C.is D.are

25.“All____ present and all____ going on well,” our monitor said.

A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are

26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.

A. is searching for B. were searching for

C. are searching for D. were searching

27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.

A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them

28.This pair of trouseis ____ too long for him.

A.is B.be C.are D.were

29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.

A.is B.are C.has D.have

30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.

A.is B.are C.get D.equal

31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.

A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes

32.____of the money____ nm out.

A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been

C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have

33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.

A. are listening to B. is listening to

C.are listening D. is listening

34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.

A.is B.are C.was D.were

35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building.

A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are

36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.

A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need

37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.

A. is B.was C.are D.all

38.What we need____ good textbooks.

A.is B.are C.have D.has

39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.

A.have something to at B. has something to do with

C.had something to do with D.has been something to do with

40. More than one member ____ against the plan.

A. is B.are C.has D.have

41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.

A. has not decided B. is not decided

C. are not decided D. have not decided

42. Half of the fruit ____ bad.

A. are B. has C. is D. have

43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently?

A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is

44. Mathematics ____ the language of science.

A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be

45. My family ____ small.

A. is B. were C. are D. makes

46. The following ____ some other examples.

A. are B. is C. was D. were

47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active.

A. is B. will be C. was D. are

48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.

A. is B. are C. was D. has

49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.

A. are B. is C. were D. was

50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.

A. was B. is C. are D. were

51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.

A. is B. am C. are D. be

52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.

A. is B. am C. are D. be

53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here.

A. are B. were C. is D. will

54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member.

A. are B. were C. will D. is

55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV.

A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are

56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.

A. is B. am C. are D. be

57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.

A. is B. are C. is from D. are from

58. Many a man ____ the novel.

A. has read B. have read C. is read D. are read

59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.

A. are B. is C. was D. were

参考答案

语法复习二：主谓一致

1~5 AAACA 6~10 CBDAD 11~15 ACABA 16~20 AABDB 21~25 ADCBC

26~30 BCAAA 31~35 ACAAB 36~40 CABBA 41~45 BCCCA 46~50 ADBBC

51~55 BACDA 56~60 BDAAB

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇2：语法复习主谓一致 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法复习专题主谓一致

一、考点聚焦

1、语法形式上的一致

主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 The number of students in our school_________1,700.

Mary and Kelly________ alike.

2、意义上一致

（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。

The crowd ______ runing for their lives.

单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。

（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。

The news is very exciting.

形复意单的单词有new、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。

3、就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。

Eg.Either you or I________ mad.

4、应注意的若干问题

（1）名词作主语。

①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。 My family_________going out for a trip.

The whole family _________ watching TV.

这类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。

Population和“a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。

②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。

③单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。

A sheep ________over there. Some sheep________over there.

④名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。 My uncle’s________not for from here.

常见的省略名词有the baker’s 、the barbar’s、the Zhang’s等。

表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：

Richardson’s_________a lot of old goods to sell.

⑤当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。

Thirty years ________ passed. Five minutes _______enough to finish the task.

⑥不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：

Each boy and each girl in my class ________a dictionary.

⑦如果主语有more than one … 或many a … 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，它的谓语动词用单数形式。 More than one student _____ seen the play.

Many a boy________ bought that kind of toy.

但是，“more + 复数名词 + than one”结构之后，谓语用复数。

⑧一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。

但如果主语用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes ________ on the desk.

⑨this kind of book = a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语动词；短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。如：

This kind of men _______dangerous. Men of theis kind/sort ________dangerous.

⑩复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有 a、such a、this、that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all、such、these、those修饰时，谓语用复数。

(11)如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。

All of my students work hard. All of the oil _______gone.

(12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：

Between the two windows __________an oil painting.(hang)

（2）由连接词连接的名词作主语。

①用and或both … and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。

Truth and honesty ________the best policy.

To love and to be loved _______the great happiness.

Going to bed early and getting up early _______a good habit.

A knife and fork_________ on the table.

②当主语后面跟有as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to等引导的词组时，采取“就远原则”。

③以or、either … or、neigher … nor、not only … but also等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。

（3）代词作主语。

①名词型物主代词连接的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours (Our Party) ________a great Party.

Your shoes ________ white, mine (= my shoes)_______ black.

②such、the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。

Such ________our plan. Such _________ his last words.

③关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

④疑问词who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。 Who lives next door? It________Xiao Liu.

Who lives next door? It __________Wang and Li.

⑤不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时，要注意下列情况：

（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Now all has been changed. All are present.

（B）其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。

Do (es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has(have) seen the film.

（4）分数、量词作主语。

①“分数或百分数 + 名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。如：

Lots of damage_________caused by flood.

A number of students ________ gone to the countryside.

A large quantity of people _________needed here.

Quantities of food (nuts) ________ still on the table.

②a great deal of、a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。

③表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

One and a half apples________ left on the table.(be)

④half of、(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。

(5)名词化的形容词作主语。

如果主语由“the + 形容词（或分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如the unknown、the beautiful等。

（6）从句作主语。

①由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。

What we need _________more money.

What we need__________ more people/teachers.

②在“one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如one前有the only则用单数形式。

This________one of the most interesting stories that ______been told by my father.

She_________the only one of the girls who_________late for class today.

（7）不定式、名动词（短语）作主语用单数形式；There be句型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数。

There ______a book, two pens on the desk.

There ______two pens, a book on the desk.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1.-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________to go to university.

-So do I .(上海 ) A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped

解析：答案为B。本题考查主谓一致中的意义一致原则，不定代词either、neither、each、one、the other、another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义一致的原则采用单数形式，排除A。选项C是非谓语动词的一种，不能单独作谓语，亦应排除。根据答语中的时态又可排除选项D。

2.The number of people invited _________ fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons.（NMET ）

A.were; was B.was; was C.was; were D.were; were

解析：答案为C。本题考查the number of和a number of 的区别。“the number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是number,“a number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是of后的复数名词或代词，故谓语动词分别用单、复数。解题关键在于仔细区分哪个是真正的主语。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇3：语法复习二、主谓一致

（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.

注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。

8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.

4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.

5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。

（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。

练习：主谓一致

1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.

A.am B.is C.are D.be

2. The rich ____ not always happy.

A.are B.is C.has D.have

3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.

A.are B.am C.is D.was

4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.

A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study

5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.

A.am B.is C.are D.be

6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,

A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is

7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.

A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like

8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.

A.was B.is C. would be D.are

9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.

A.is B.are C.has D.have

10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.

A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been

11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.

A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished

12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.

A.is B.was C.are D.is being

13. The great writer and professor____.

A. is an old man B. are both old men

C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese

14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.

A.are B.is C.has D.have

15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.

A. are B. was C. is D. be

16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.

A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed

17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.

A. has been B.have been C.was D.is

19. A chemical works____ built there.

A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been

20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.

A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five

21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.

A.is B.are C.was D.were

22.He is the only one of die students who ____ elected.

A. are B.have C.has D.is

23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.

A.have B.has C. have been D.has been

24.Many a man ____ come to help us.

A.have B.has C.is D.are

25.“All____ present and all____ going on well,” our monitor said.

A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are

26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.

A. is searching for B. were searching for

C. are searching for D. were searching

27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.

A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them

28.This pair of trouseis ____ too long for him.

A.is B.be C.are D.were

29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.

A.is B.are C.has D.have

30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.

A.is B.are C.get D.equal

31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.

A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes

32.____of the money____ nm out.

A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been

C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have

33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.

A. are listening to B. is listening to

C.are listening D. is listening

34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.

A.is B.are C.was D.were

35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building.

A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are

36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.

A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need

37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.

A. is B.was C.are D.all

38.What we need____ good textbooks.

A.is B.are C.have D.has

39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.

A.have something to at B. has something to do with

C.had something to do with D.has been something to do with

40. More than one member ____ against the plan.

A. is B.are C.has D.have

41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.

A. has not decided B. is not decided

C. are not decided D. have not decided

42. Half of the fruit ____ bad.

A. are B. has C. is D. have

43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently?

A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is

44. Mathematics ____ the language of science.

A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be

45. My family ____ small.

A. is B. were C. are D. makes

46. The following ____ some other examples.

A. are B. is C. was D. were

47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active.

A. is B. will be C. was D. are

48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.

A. is B. are C. was D. has

49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.

A. are B. is C. were D. was

50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.

A. was B. is C. are D. were

51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.

A. is B. am C. are D. be

52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.

A. is B. am C. are D. be

53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here.

A. are B. were C. is D. will

54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member.

A. are B. were C. will D. is

55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV.

A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are

56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.

A. is B. am C. are D. be

57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.

A. is B. are C. is from D. are from

58. Many a man ____ the novel.

A. has read B. have read C. is read D. are read

59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.

A. are B. is C. was D. were

篇4：语法复习卷（ . 6）主谓一致：(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法复习卷（2010 . 6）

主谓一致：

1. Each man and woman ______ the same rights.

a. has b. have c. had d. is having

2. Every means ______ tried but without much result.

a. has been b. have been c. are d. is

3. There ______ in this room.

a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures

c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture

4. Not only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of playing basketball.

a. am b. is c. are d. was

5. Mathematics ______ a language of science.

a. is b. has been c. are d. have been

6. ______ was wrong.

a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher

c. Neither the teacher nor the students d. Not the students but the teacher

7. Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.

a. are b. has c. is d. were

8. All that can be done ______.

a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done

9. More than one worker ______ dismissed.

a. have been b. are c. has been d. has

10. Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language.

a. have realized b. has realized c. have been realized d. has been realized

11. The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.

a. is b. was c. are d. has been

12. Mary is one of the girls who ____ always on time.

a. is b. am c. are d. was

13. Tom is the only one of the members who ______ to be promoted.

a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going

14. What caused the accident ______ on the road.

a. were stone b. were stones c. was stone d. was stones

15. The Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came.

a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having

16. Three-fourths of the trees______.

a. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. have been destroyed

17. Four-fifths of the building ______.

a. are ruined b. was ruined c. were ruined d. have been ruined

18. All but him and me ______ to the exhibition.

a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going

19. The president, accompanied by his assistants, ______.

a. have arrived b. are arriving c. had arrived d. has arrived

20. A number of cars ______ in front of the park

a. is parked b. was parked c. were parked d. has parked

21. The number of cars ______ increasing .

a. is b. are c. were d. have been

22. The majority of doctors ______ smoking is harmful to health.

a. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believe

23. The majority of the damage ______ easy to repair.

a. is b. are c. were d. be

名词性从句练习

1. _____ we need more practice is quite clear.

A. When B. What C. That D. /

2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.

A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when

3. _____ knows the truth about it will tell you.

A. Who that B. That C. Whoever D. That who

4. _____ he is doing seems quite difficult

A. How B. That C. Which D. What

5. _____ certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.

A. That's B. This is C. It's D. What's

6. _____ that there is another good harvest this year.

A. It says B. It is said C. It was said D. He was said

7. _____ that she has received a doctor's degree.

A. It's a splendid news B. This is splendid news

C. It's splendid news D. This is splendid news

8. It is strange _____.

A. that no one should like this book B. that no one liked this book

C. that why no one likes this book D. why no one likes this book

9. It is suggested that the experiment _____ under low temperature.

A. makes B. is make C. should be made D. will be made

10. _____ still needs to be discussed.

A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out

C. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan carried out

11. _____ is unknown to us all.

A. Where did she put it B. Where she put it

C. That where she put it D. In which she put it

12. _____ nothing to do with us.

A. What he did is B. What he has done is

C. What did he do has D. What he has done has

13. That's _____ the Party called on us to do.

A. what B. that C. how D. why

14. She looked _____ she were ten years younger.

A. that B. like C. as D. as though

15. The reason I have to go is _____ if I don't.

A. that she will be disappointed B. because she will be disappointed

C. on account of her being disappointed D. that she will be disappointing

16. It was _____ he worked hard that he succeeded.

A. because B. since C. as D. for

17. It seemed that the girl _____.

A. had lost important something B. had lost something important

C. lost important things D. lost something important

18. The fact _____ he is an advanced worker is well known.

A. what B. which C. that D. why

19. The fact _____ in the past few years proves that our Party's policy is correct.

A. that great achievement was made B. which great achievements were made

C. what have been made D. that great achievements have been made

20. I have no idea _____.

A. what does the word “infinity” mean B. what the word “infinity” means

C. what the meaning of the word “infinity” D. what the word “infinity” mean

21. His suggestion _____ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.

A. that we go B. which we should go

C. that we would go D. when we should go

22. I'll certainly tell the Emperor _____ pleased I am with it.

A. how B. what C. who D. whom

23. I wonder _____ he asked such a silly question in public.

A. how B. what C. that D. why

24. _____ do you think will teach us maths next term?

A. Whom B. Who C. What D. That

25. I will give this dictionary to _____ wants to have it.

A. whomever B. whoever C. whom D. whatever

26. Do _____ you think is right _____ difficulties you may have.

A. what；however B. that；what C. Whatever；whoever D. what；whatever

27. Are you sure _____?

A. whether she is honest B. that she is honesty

C. she is honest D. is she honest

28. He was interested in _____ he had seen at the exhibition.

A. which B. that C. all what D. all that

29. He often thinks of _____ he can do more for the four modernizations.

A. what B. how C. that D. which

30. Take _____ much you want and _____ you want to.

A. however；when B. whenever；how

C. however/whoever D. however/whenever

31. ---Where are my keys? I looked everywhere.

---How careless you are! They’re _______ you left them.

A. there B. where C. there where D. where there

32. made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. [全国]

A. What; because B. What; that

C. That; what D. That; because

33. be sent to work there? [全国]

A. Who do you suggest

B. Who do you suggest that should

C. Do you suggest who should

D. Do you suggest whom should

34. Picture writing is the simplest way of putting an idea down on paper. That was _____ man first began to write.

A. where B. why C. why D. how

35. Our hometown is no longer ________ it used to be ten years ago.

A. which B. when C. that D. what

36. ______ he did that wasn’t quite clear.

A. That B. What C. Why D. Because

37. _______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who

38. The reason _____he was absent from the meeting yesterday was _____ he was ill.

A. why; because B. why; that

C. which; / D. which; that

39. Father made a promise ______if I passed the examination, he would buy me a MP3.

A. that B. which C. whether D. what

40. ---What about the speech he made this afternoon?

---_______ he said so must be quite encouraging, I think.

A. What B. That C. / D. All

41. There are signs _______ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.

A. in which B. which C. that D. whose

42. Although most of them have no doubt _____ he will pass the exam, I still wonder ______ he has really got everything ready.

A. whether; that B. that; whether

C. that; that D. whether; whether

43. We think ______ a pity ______ he didn’t pass the driving test.

A. it; what B. that; that

C. this; that D. it; that

44. It is not yet decided ______ will take the place of our present manager after he goes abroad.

A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. whom

45. ______ seems strange to us is ______ the troublesome boy is getting along well with all his teachers.

A. It; that B. What; how

C. It; how D. What; that

情态动词

1. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.（06津）

A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t

2. --- I think I’ll give Bob a ring.

--- You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.（06江苏）

A. will B. may C. have to D. should

3. --- What’s the name?

-- Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you? （06京）

A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might

4. If it were not for the fact that she_______sing, I would invite her to the party.（06闽）

A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not

5. ---- Must he come to sign this paper himself?

---- Yes, he .（06粤）

A. need B. must C. may D. will

6. ______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（06鄂）

A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be

7. Some aspects of a pilot’s job____ be boring, and pilots often_____ work at inconvenient hours.（06湘）

A. can ; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must

8. –May I smoke here ?

----If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.（06鲁）

A. should B. could C. may D. must

9. As you worked late yesterday, you_____ have come this morning.（06陕）

A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

10. --- Could I have a word with you, mum?

--- Oh dear, if you ________.（06浙）

A. can B. must C. may D. should

11. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （05山东卷）

A. could B. would C. must D. need

12. --- Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

-- She ______ . I've already borrowed one. （05湖南卷）

A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't

13. - Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?

----Something ________ to him. (05江西卷)

A．must happen B． should have happened

C．could have happened D． must have happened

14. John, look at the time. _____ you play the piano at such a late hour? （05全国卷3）

A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need

15. Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this! （05全国卷1）

A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not

16. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ____ at least 150 kilometers an hour. （05重庆卷）

A. should have been doing B. must have been doing

C. could have done D. would have done

17. I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05天津卷）

A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't

18. Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. （05安徽卷）

A. shall B. must C. may D. can

19. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. （04重庆）

A. may B. should C. must D. shall

20. --- I don't mind telling you what I know.

--- You . I'm not asking you for it. （04江苏）

A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn’t

21. I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. （04浙江）

A. should B. might C. would D. could

22. --- I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.

--- You________ her last week. （04福建）

A．ought to tell B．would have told C．must tell D．should have told

23. --- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.

--- You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it. （04湖南）

A. shan't B. might not C. needn't D. shouldn't

24. --- Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock.. I go out and play with Tom for a while?

--- No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. （04辽宁）

A．Can’t B．Wouldn’t C．May not D．Won’t

25. 44. You ______ be tired---you’ve only been working for an hour. （04全国II）

A must not B won’t be C can’t D may not

宾补练习：

1. The missing boy was last seen ____ near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play

2. I feel ____ unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.

A. that B. how C. it D. what

3. It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

A. put away B. kept up C. given away D. laid up

4. He slipped into the room, without himself ____.

A. seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see

5. He found the street much ____.

A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdly

6. I think ___ necessary to learn English well.

A. its B. it C. that D. that is

7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

8. You can’t have the horse _____ all the way. It’s too hot.

A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running

9. When I came back, I found the house _____ and everything _____.

A. was broken; took away B. broken into; taken away

C. had been broken; taken D. break into; take away

10. I heard that you were elected _____ this time.

A. monitor B. the monitor C. a monitor D. my monitor

11. When I came back, I found nobody ___. It was empty.

A. on B. out C. in D. away

12. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ______.

A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard

13. For a time his grandmother found _____ accept his new idea.

A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to

14. Tell him _____ the window.

A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut

15. ----There’s a hole in your bag. ---- I know, I’m going to have it _____.

A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended

16. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.

A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry

17. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.

A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going

18. I found the door _____ when I got home.

A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open

19. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to

20. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise____.

A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

主谓aadca/ dcbcb/ccadd/ddbdcc/ada

名从 1-30 CBCDC BCBCB BDADA ABCDB AADBB DBDBD 31-45: BBADD CCBAB CBDCD

情态 BDACB BADDB ACDAB BBCDD ADAAC

宾补 1-5 ACABC 6-10 BBCBA 11-15 CDCBC 16-20 AADAA

主谓aadca/ dcbcb/ccadd/ddbdcc/ada

名从 1-30 CBCDC BCBCB BDADA ABCDB AADBB DBDBD 31-45: BBADD CCBAB CBDCD

情态 BDACB BADDB ACDAB BBCDD ADAAC

宾补 1-5 ACABC 6-10 BBCBA 11-15 CDCBC 16-20 AADAA

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篇5：语法系列复习六-----情态动词、主谓一致 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法系列复习专题六-----情态动词、主谓一致

情态动词

一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答

1. Need I/he/…?

Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)

2. Must I/ he/…?

No,you/ he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)have to.(不用mustn’t)

3. May I/ he/…?

No,you/ he/…mustn’t.(少用may not)

4. Could(Can)you…?

Yes,I can (不用could)

5. Shall I/she/ he…?

No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t

二、情态动词表“推测”

1.can,may,must使用的句式：

1)肯定陈述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定”意，may/might表“也许，或许”意。

2)否定陈述句中：can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意，may not/might not表“也许不、可能不”意。

3)疑问句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。

注意：表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。

2.对目前状态的推测：

1)must/may/might/can/could＋be＋表语

例如：She must be a teacher.她肯定是老师。She can’t/couldn’t be a doctor.她肯定不是医生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是医生。

2)must/may/might/can/could＋一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belong to等)

例如：She must have her own car,for she has a lot of money.

That kind of bird may live in the valleys.

3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测：

句式：must/may/might/can/could＋be doing

例如：They must be waiting for us.他们肯定正在等我们。

She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作业。

Can/Could he be playing football?他会正在踢足球吗？

4.对已发生的事情进行推测：

句式：must/may/might/can/could＋have done

例如：There’s no lignt in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She can’t/couldn’t have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beijing last year?

注意：will have done句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。

例如：He will have learned advanced mathematics,for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能学过高等数学，因为他对此懂得很多。

三、“情态动词＋have done”用法

1.should/ought to ＋have done,意“本应该…”，含有责备或后悔意。

例如：You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./

2.shouldn’t/oughtn’t to＋have done,意“本不应该”，含有责备或后悔意。

例如：You shouldn’t have watered the flower./I oughtn’t to have scolded her for such a small thing.

3.might have done,意“过去可能做”；could have done意“本能够做”，两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意，也可表对过去情况的推测。

例如：He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang.last week,but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。We could have finished the work ahead of time.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。

四、情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法

1.“肯定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would/won’t you形式。

例如：Stand still,will/would/won’t you?

2.“否定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would you形式。

例如：Don’t watch TV,will/would you?

3.Let’s…,shall we? ; Let us…,will/won’t you?

4.含有must句子的反意问句

1)must表示“必须”时，附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如：He must go with you,needn’t/mustn’t he?

2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时，附加部分用may.例如：She mustn’t leave,may she?

3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：

A.He must be an engineer,isn’t he?They must be writing now,aren’t they?(这类句子问句前部分含“must be…”或“must be doing…”。)

B.She must have a car/live there, doesn’t she?

C.He must have seen the film,hasn’t he？(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为must have done,句子无具体过去时间状语。)

D.He must have seen the film last week,didn’t he?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为must have done,句子有具体过去时间状语。)

E.Mother must have been shopping then,wasn’t she?(前面部分谓语为must have been doing。)

5.含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。

例如：She may have finished her homework,hasn’t she?

五、几组词语辨析

1.must与have to:must强调说话者的主观看法，have to强调客观需要，表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’t have to,不能用mustn’t。

2.can/could与be able to:can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not) able to ，而不用could(not)。例如：He worked hard,but he wasn’t able to pass the exam.

3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fish will die out of water./ She’ll sit for hours without saying anything.

②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如：He would walk by the river in the morning.注意：would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说He would be late for school last year. ③used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如：He used to get up early. He used to be late for school.

情态动词考点分析

1.－Could I borrow your dictionary? (NMET)

－Yes,of course you________.

A.might B.will C.can D.should

析：B、D意明显不合；A语气不妥，与of course不符。此题Could是表Can意的委婉说法，并非过去时，所以答案应为C。

2.－Shall I tell John about it?

－No,you_________.I’ve told him already. (NMET)

A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shoudn’t

析：B意明显不合用，可排除。mustn’t意“不许、不得”，shouldn’t意“不应该”都不合情景。只有needn’t表“不必”与下文“I’ve told him already”相贴切。

3.－There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.

－It_________a comfortable journey. (NMET)

A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be

C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been

析：A、B是对现在情况而言，与情景不合。表否定推测不能说mustn’t have been,只有D选项“不可能是”意思切合，时态也对，故为正确答案。

4.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly ，but everyone________get out.

(NMET)

A.could B.would C.was able to D.had to

析：根据题干提供的情景B、D皆应排除。在A、C两选项中，因为根据情景要选一个“经过努力能够”这样意思的词，故定答案为C。

5.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I________for her.

A.had to write it out B.must have written it out

C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out

析：A项意“(当时)不得不写出来”，不合题意；D项意“(现在)应写出来”也不合题意；B项意“(当时)肯定已写出来”明显不对。只有表“当初应该写出来”意的C项才合上下文。

6.That young man has made so much noise that he_________not have been allowed to attend the concert. (上海高考题)

A.could B.must C.would D.should

析：若选A。意“不可能已被允许…”与情景不合，应排除；B项不可选；C项意“当时将不会被允许…”也与情况相悖。只有D“should not have been allowed…”表示“当初不该让他…”才合题意。

7.－Can I help you,sir?

－Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it______.(NMET)

A.didn’t work B.couldn’t work C.can’t work D.doesn’t work

析：若选A。意“昨天不响（今天响了）”，不合题目情景；若选B。其意是“当时不能工作（现在能工作了）”，显然不合题；若选C。意为“这台收音机根本不能工作（是废品）”这未免显得武断；只有D表“这台机子不响（有毛病）”意才能合理地表达来找商店服务员的原因。

主谓一致（Agreement）

1.“Either A or B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于B。

例：Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball,otherwise they

would take part in the basketball match.

但在一般疑问句中，谓语取决于A。

例如：Do either the students or their teacher dislike basketball?

Is either he or you going there?

这种谓语取决于与其最近的主语现象叫做“就近原则”。

2．“Neither A nor B＋谓语”结构，谓语多取决于B。但现代英语也出现复数谓语，

理由是neither A nor B是两部分之和，为复数概念，故其后可用复数谓语。

例如：Neither she nor I was(或were)fortunate enough to gain extra points.

她和我都不幸未能获得附加分。

Neither you nor he does(或do)well in maths.

3．Neither of…接单、复谓(通常视为单数，但在口语中，从意义上亦可视为复数)

None of…接单、复谓

例：Neither of them is(或are)right.

None of you is(或are)fit for the job.

4. as well as（以及）

(together)with(以及)B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于A。

“A along with(以及)

but(除去)

rather than

例: as well as

The trainer along with two gymnasts is in the gym.

(together) with

教练和两个体操运动员在体操房里。

All but Li Dong have passed the test. 除了李东所有人都通过了考试。

Nobody but Li Dong and Wang Hong has passed the test.

除了李东和王宏没有什么人通过那场考试。

5. 表示钱数、时间、长度、数学等概念名词其后通常用单数谓语。

例：200 yuan / 500 dollars / 20 minutes is not enough for us.

makes 15.

10 and 5 10加5等于15.

makes 5.

10 minus 5 10减5等于5.

（以上两数词例，现代英语认为make,are也对。）

20 kilometres is too much for them. 20公里是他们吃不消的。

6. There be 结构中be的形式取决于靠近be的名词，若是单数名词，则be为is/was;

若是复数名词，则be为are/were（即第1条中的“就近原则”）。

例如：There is a desk,two chairs and three sofas in the room.

There are three sofas,two chairs and a desk in the room.

7. a group of…，a team of…后跟复谓、单谓皆可，跟复谓的理由是不止一个人，跟单谓的理由是将许多人视为“一组”、“一队”这样的一个单位体。

例如：A group/team of students are /is cleaning the street.

8. 象school ,class,family,team,group government等这类群体名词，其后谓语可能是单数形式，也可能是复数形式。通常视其为一个整体单位时，用单数谓语；视其为群体成员时，则用复数谓语。

例如：The class are having a meeting. 这个班学生在开会。

The class is not very big. 这个班不是大班。

The family enjoy singing and dancing. 这家人喜欢唱歌跳舞。

The family has only three persons.这家只有三口人。

9. 象police,clothes,trousers这类复数概念名词，其后总是跟复数谓语。the wounded

（伤员）后总是跟复数谓语。

10. 象clothing,news,information,advice这类不可数名词后应跟单数谓语，但它们前面有可数性短语修饰时，也可跟复数谓语。

例如：The clothing is very nice.The news is interesting.

Five articles of clothing are over there.

Three pieces of news were announced on TV.

11.百分数of＋复名＋复谓，百分数of＋单名／不可数名词＋单谓

例：40 percent of the students are girls.

80 percent of the work/the book has been finished.

分数后的谓语形式同百分数。

12. who/why/how/whether/if/than引导的名词从句＋单谓

例：How he got there is unknown./Why she did it remains a puzzle./It’s lucky that he is still alive.

13. A (large)number of＋复名＋复谓。

例：A number of books are over there.

A large amount of＋不可数名词＋单谓。

例：A large amount of money has been spent.

The number of＋复名＋单谓。

例：The number of the students in our school is 2000.

主谓一致考点分析

1．_____either he or I to leave for America?

A. Is B.Am C.Are D.Will

析：由or,either…or, nor, neither…or, whether…or, not…but, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，其谓语动词的单复数要根据“就近原则”处理，因为空白处与he最近，故要选A。

2. No one has finished his homework,________?

A.have they B.haven’t they C.has he D.hasn’t he

析：由No one可知空白处应选肯定式，故可排除B,D。又因为句子表述的意思是“没

有一个人完成作业”，从人数上看是很多人没完成作业，故排除C项，而选A。

3. There comes the bus,_______?

A.doesn’t there B.doesn’t it C.does it D.are there

析：这是一个倒装句，主语是bus，谓语是comes, 所以答案应选B。

4. He is a teacher but his wife is a doctor,_______?

A.isn’t she B.isn’t it C.aren’t they D.isn’t he

析：此题问句前部分含but，重点是强调his wife is a doctor,故问句部分取决于此部分，因此，该题答案为A。

5. They don’t think money is everything,_______?

A.is it B.isn’t it C.will they D.do they

析：如果是“I/ We(don’t)think＋宾从”则反意问句主语和谓语取决于宾语从句，但此句主句的主语不是I或we，而是They,这时反意问句部分的主语和谓语要取决于主句的主、谓语，所以此题答案应选D。

6. Each soldier and sailor_____given a rifle when the ship landed.

A.were B.was C.are D.is

析：根据when the ship landed,可知应排除C,D.又因“each/every A and(each/every)B”结构的主语后面应跟单数谓语，所以答案为B。

7.More than one person_____involved(卷入)in th case.

A.is B.are C.has D.have

析：要表达“被卷入”，只能在A,B之中选一个，因more than one后应跟单名，单

谓，所以答案为A。

8.He is the only one of our customers who____this kind of article.

A.like B.likes C.are fond of D.loved

析：从时态考虑可排除D。因“the/the only…of＋复名”后的定语从句谓语应该

用单数形式，所以答案应是B。但此题若将the only 去掉，则答案为A。

情态动词、主谓一致专练

1. The possibe____often proved impossible.

A. have B.has C.are D.will

2.Neither you nor I am mad,____?

A.are you B.aren’t I C.am I D.are we

3.You don’t think I am wrong,____?

A.don’t you B.do you C.aren’t D.am I

4.It was Lin Song who broke the rules of the school,____?

A.wasn’t it B.didn’t he C.was it D.did he

5.Bruce must have been in China for a long time,_____?

A.hasn’t he B.mustn’t he C.Isn’t he D.wasn’t he

6.What the teacher has said is true,____?

A.has he B.hasn’t he C.is it D.isn’t it

7.It must have snowed last night,____?

A.isn’t it B.haven’t he C.mustn’t it D.didn’t it

8.It’s the first time that Xiao Qing has been to Tianjin,_____?

A.has she B.is it C.hasn’t she D.isn’t it

9. The trousers_____fit for him.

A.is B.are C.must D.do

10.He rather than Li Ying and Wang Ping____praised by the teacher.

A.are B.is C.were D.was

11.Where is my pen?I_____it. (NMET)

A.should have lost B.must have lost C.would have lost D.might lose

12.A computer____think for itself ; it must be told what to do.(NMET)

A.can’t B.couldn’t C.may not D.might not

13.We_____last night ,but we went to the concert instead. (NMET)

A.must have studied B.might study

C.should have studied D.would study

14.I didn’t hear the phone ,I_____asleep. (NMET)

A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been

15.Be sure to write to us,_____? (NMET)

A.will you B.aren’t you C.can you D.mustn’t you

16.I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning.She____at the meeting.

(上海)

A.mustn’t have spoken B.shoudn’t have spoken

C.needn’t have spoken D.couldn’t have spoken

17.There is plenty of time.She____. (NMET)

A.must have hurried B.needn’t have hurried

C.must not hurry D.couldn’t have hurried

18.You don’t______to go there if you have no time.(上海)

A.need B.want C.must D.ought

19.Sir,you_____be sitting in this waiting-room.It is for women and children

only.(上海)

A.oughtn’t to B.can’t C.won’t D.don’t

20.Tom ought not to_____me your secret ,but he meant no harm. (NMET)

A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told

21.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack_____be here at any moment.(NMET)

A.must B.need C.should D.can

22.Your coat is dirty,_____it for you?

A.Am I washing B.Will I wash C.Am I going to wash D.Shall I wash

23.No one _____that to his face.

A.dare say B.dare to say C.dares saying D.dares said

24.There used to be a church in the east of the town,_____?

A.didn’t there B.usen’t to there C.used there D.usedn’t to there

25._____you be happy!

A.Can B.May C.Must D.Would

26.Put on more clothes . You_____be feeling cold with only a shirt on.

A.would B.can C.could D.must

27.－Why didn’t you answer when I called you?

－I_____but you didn’t hear me.

A.had to B.couldn’t C.didn’t answer D.did

28.I_____that time is more valuable than money.

A.hardly need say B.need hardly say

C.need hardly to say D.hardly need to say

29.I____like to become a pianist some day.

A.will B.may C.would D.shall

30 He_____there now,but I am not sure.

A.maybe B.may be C.may have been D.might have been

31.－I didn’t see him yesterday.

－Oh,but you______.

A.ought to B.should have C.can’t have D.may have

32.－Where were you this morning?I tried to call you.

－I _____ to the library for a while.

A.tried to go B.should go C.must go D.had to go

33.The flower is dead.I_____it more water.

A.will give B.must give C.should have given D.would have given

34.－Does Tom want to go to the film?

－Yes,but he says_____tonight.

A.he’d not rather go B.he’ll rather not go

C.he won’t rather go D.he’d rather not go

35.－Did you walk home by yourself last night?

－Yes ,I did. But I guess I_____.

A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.may not have D.needn’t have

36.－Do you speak Japanese?

－No,I don’t , but I_____speak Chinese.

A.ought B.have to C.do D.must

37.If you_____quiet ,I’ll tell you what happned

A.be B.will be C.are D.are to be

38.－Look ,it_____be Li Ping.

－No,it____be him.He’s gone abroad.

A.may;mustn’t B.must;may C.must;can’t D.can;may not

39.Professor Wang,many students want to see you. _____they wait here or outside?

A.Do B.Are C.Will D.Shall

40.I can’t find Mr Wang anywhere in the office building.Where____he have gone?

A.may B.can C.must D.Should

41.Wherever you____,there’s no place like home.

A.can go B.must go C.might go D.may go

42.－Don’t forget to post the letter for me.

－I _____.

A.won’t B.will C.don’t D.can’t

43.－Must I take a taxi?

－No,you_____.You can walk from here.

A.don’t B.must not C.don’t have to D.had better not to

44.The bus _____start;I don’t know what to do with it.

A.can’t B.won’t C.shan’t D.may not

45.The car broke down on the way ,but we_____get out of the desert at last.

A.might B.would C.were able to D.could

46.The rest of the lecture_____interesting.

A.is B.are D.maybe D.sound

47.One and a half bananas____eaten by the little boy.

A.were B.was C.have been D.was to

48.The cattle_____still grazing in the fields.

A.was B.keeps C.were D.won’t

49.What caused the accident and who was responsible for it_____a mystery(谜)to

us.

A.remains B.remain C.is D.look like

50.All _____not gold that glitters.

A.is B.are C.was D.were

情态动词、主谓一致答案

1－5 B D B A A 6－10 D D D B D 11－15 B B C B A

16－20 D C A A A 21－25 C D A A B 26－30 D D D C B

31－35 B D C D D 36－40 C B C D B 41－45 D A C B C

46－50 A A C B A

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇6：人教版高三英语语法复习主谓一致

第二章主谓一致

句子的谓语动词和句子的主语应在数方面保持一致。主谓一致的基本原则是：主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。句子的主语有以下几种类型：

1．带后置定语型。其谓语动词的形式依主语的单复数而定，与后置定语无关。

（together）with …

except / but …

S + besides … V

rather than …

as well as …

A library together with a lot of books has been given to our school as a gift.

Two pilots as well as all the passengers were killed in this plane crash.

两个飞行员连同所有旅客都死于这次空难。

2．部分-整体型。其谓语的单复数，由整体部分决定。

70 percent

two-thirds

part of the / one’s + n +V

half （整体）

all

the rest

1）About 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.

2）Part of the books are worth reading, but the rest（of them）are of no value.

※注：all单独作主语时，All指人谓语用复数。All指物或事情谓语用单数。

1）All are eager to reach an agreement. 所有的人都急于达成协议。

2）All is going well. 一切都进展顺利。

3．定语仅能修饰单数名词型，其谓语动词用单数。

Each / Every

Either / Neither

Another + n（单数）+ V

Many a

More than one

More than one graduate wants to go to work in Western China.

不止一个毕业生要求去中国西部工作。

Many a day has passed since the boy was lost. 那个男孩失踪已有许多天。

4．就近一致型。下列连词连接两个主语时，及there be句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。

A or B 1）Either you or I am to meet them at the station.

Either A or B 不是你就是我要去车站接他们。

Neither A nor B 2）Not only the teacher but also his students object to the plan.

Not only A but also B 3）There is an air-conditioner and two computers in his office.

There be A, B and C 在他办公室有一台空调和二台电脑。

5．需记住的其他规则

Either

1）Neither of + n 作主语，谓语用单数。

Each

None of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数或复数均可。

None of + n（单数）作主语，谓语用单数。

Either of the answers is right. 两个答案中有一个是对的。

None of the cars was / were damaged. 这些车都没有受损。

None of the food has gone bad. 食物没有变质。

2）a number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用复数。

the number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数。

A large number of students are from the south. 很多学生是南方人。

The number of students in our school has gone up to 3000.

我校学生数已上升到3000人。

3）关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。

He is one of the few persons who have a good knowledge of Italian.

他是精通意大利语的少数人之一。

在以上句子中，persons是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用复数。

（比较）He is the only one of the boys who was given a prize.

他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。

当one之前有the only修饰时，one是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。

4）单个动名词，不定式或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。

两个并列的动名词，不定式或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数。

When and where to hold the meeting isn’t decided yet.（一个不定式作主语）

What I say and what I think are none of your business.

我说什么，想什么与你无关。（两个并列主语从句作主语）

5）each, any, every, no构成的复合代词都当作单数看待。

Someone is asking you on the phone. 有人在打电话找你。

注：复合代词作主语，反意疑问句的主语通常用they，也可用he。

Everyone was present at the meeting, weren’t they / wasn’t he ?

Someone has known the news, haven’t they / hasn’t he ?

6）以“s”结尾的书刊名、国名、机构名和学科名作主语，谓语用单数。

The United Nations was set up in 1942. 联合国建于1942年。

The Canterbury Tales was written by Chaucer. 《坎特伯雷故事集》是乔叟写的。

Economics is my major. 经济学是我的主修课程。

7）某些形容词或分词和定冠词the连用表示某类人作主语，谓语用复数。

The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

病人得到医治，失踪的也已找回来了。

8）由and连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

English and Chinese are quite different languages.

若and并列的主语在意义上指同一个人，同一概念或对立统一的事物，谓语动词用单数。

The manager and secretary is as busy as a bee all day. 那位经理兼秘书整天忙忙碌碌。（两个名词共用一个冠词，指同一个人）

War and peace is a contant theme in history. 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。（对立统一的一对事物）

9）单复数同形的名词如deer, means；集合名词如family作主语，如何决定谓语动词的单复数，请见第四章冠词。

Exercise 1 主谓一致

1．I, who your friend, will try my best to help you.

A．be B．am C．is D．are

2．The United States must look out of the rights of citizens.

A．its B．their C．ours D．us

3．So far as I know, more than one person connected with the accident.

A．is B．has C．are D．have

4．Maths as well as physics always me to much trouble.

A．causes B．puts C．cause D．put

5．Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, not able to solve the problem. A．are B．were C．is D．am

6．There one or two things that I have to mention.

A．is B．are C．has D．have

7． Either I or my accountant（会计） to blame for the loss ?

A．Is B．Are C．Am D．Does

8．So far 70% of the poor in this area out of poverty（贫困）with the help of the local government.

A．has got B．are getting C．have got D．had got

9．Collecting stamps as a hobby increasingly popular during the past ten years.

A．became B．becomes C．has become D．have become

10．Whether or not the new plan will produce any positive（积极的）results to be seen.

A．remain B．is remained C．remains D．have remained

11．Too much work and too little rest bad health.

A．lead to B．leads to C．result in D．result from

12．He is the only one of those speakers who ideas perfectly clear.

A．make their B．makes his C．express their D．express

13．Every possible means tried, but without much result.

A．has been B．have been C．are D．is

14．Ten minutes an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.

A．seem B．look C．seems D．looks

15．All we have seen and heard our memory.

A．is deeply impressed on B．great impress

C．are strongly impressed in D．highly impresses

1-5 BAABC 6-10 AACCC 11-15 BBACA

篇7：高三英语复习与训练十五一--主谓一致 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

高三英语复习与训练十五一--主谓一致

15. 主谓一致：

1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，

一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：

There is much water in the thermos.

但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：

Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。

注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。

典型例题

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。

15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则

1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。

2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：

Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。

15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。

He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。

15.4 谓语需用单数

1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如：

Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。

There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。

2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：

The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。

3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。

Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。

15.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：

All is right. 一切顺利。

All are present. 人都到齐了。

2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：

His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。

His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：

Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗？

3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如：

A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

A number of books have lent out.

The majority of the students like English.

15.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致

1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：

Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。

2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：

A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。

A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。

3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：

Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。

15.7 主谓一致练习

1.Each of you ______ responsible for the accident.

a. am b. be c. is d. are

2.Each man and woman ______ the same rights.

a. has b. have c. had d. is having

3.Every means ______ tried but without much result.

a. has been b. have been c. are d. is

4.There ______ in this room.

a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures

c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture

5.The manager or his assistant ______ planning to go.

a. were b. are c. was d. be

6.Not only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of playing basketball.

a. am b. is c. are d. was

7.Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home.

a. is b. are c. has d. was

8.Either the dean or the principal ______ the meeting.

a. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended

9.______ was wrong.

a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher

c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher

10.“______ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”

“I suppose so.”

a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were

11.Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.

a. are b. has c. is d. were

12.Most of his savings ______ in the Xin Hua Bank.

a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept

13.All that can be done ______.

a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done

14.One or perhaps more pages _______.

a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing

15.More than one worker ______ dismissed.

a. have been b. are c. has been d. has

16.Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language.

a. have realized b. has realize c. have been realized d. has been realized

17.The gas works ______ near the city.

a. is b. are c. were d. be

18.The surroundings of his house ______ clean now.

a. is b. are c. was d. were

19.The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours.

a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing

20.The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.

a. is b. was c. are d. has been

21.Cattle ______ on the hillside.

a. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing

22.Her politics ______ neither conservative nor liberal.

a. is b. are c. was d. has been

23.Measles ______ a kind of infectious illness.

a. is b. are c. were d. have been

24.The Philippines ______ to the south-east of China.

a. lies b. lie c. lay d. lays

25.Mary is one of the girls who ______ always on time.

a. is b. am c. are d. was

26.Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted.

a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going

27.What caused the accident ______ on the road.

a. were stone b. were stones c. was stone d. was stones

28.Wisky and soda ______ his favorite drink.

a. is b. are c. were d. have been

29.______ is to attend our evening.

a. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancers

c. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer

30.The Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came.

a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having

31.No one except two students ______ the meeting.

a. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later for

32.All but him and me ______ to the exhibition.

a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going

33.Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job.

a. are b. were c. is d. was

34.The president, accompanied by his assistants, ______.

a. have arrived b. are arriving c. had arrived d. has arrived

35.A number of cars ______ in front of the park

a. is parked b. was parked c. are parked d. has parked

36.the number of articles published on smoking ______ amazing.

a. is b. are c. were d. have been

37.The majority of doctors ______ smoking is harmful to health.

a. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believe

38.The majority of the damage ______ easy to repair.

a. is b. are c. were d. be

39.Four-fifths of the crop ______.

a. are ruined b. was ruined c. were ruined d. have been ruined

40.Three-fourths of the buildings ______.

a. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed

41.Early to bed and early to rise ______ a man healthy, happy and wise.

a. making b. to make c. make d. makes

42.Mathematics ______ the language of science.

a. is b. has been c. are d. have been

43.The young ______ the vital forces in our society.

a. is b. has been c. are d. have been

44.Every man, woman and child ______ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.

a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known

45.None of them ______ my friends.

a. is b. are c. was d. has been

46.Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society ______ to alter its attitude to racial problems.

a. need b. needs c. has a need d. have a need

47.Getting to other planets or to the moon _____ many problems.

a. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve

48.In that country, the rich ______ richer, the poor, poorer.

a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming

49.The project requires more labor than ______ because it is extremely difficult.

a. has been put in b. have been put in c. being put in d. to be put in

50.Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease ______ likely to develop it.

a. should be b. must be c. is d. are

22.13主谓一致练习答案

1 C 19 D 37 D

2 A 20 C 38 A

3 A 21 D 39 B

4 D 22 B 40 C

5 C 23 A 41 D

6 C 24 A 42 D

7 B 25 C 43 C

8 A 26 A 44 A

9 D 27 D 45 B

10 B 28 A 46 B

11 C 29 D 47 B

12 D 30 D 48 A

13 B 31 C 49 A

14 C 32 C 50 C

15 C 33 C 51

16 B 34 D 52

17 A 35 C 53

18 B 36 A 54

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇8：语法：主谓一致教案 (人教版英语高一)

课题：动名词做主语和宾语

The -ing form as the Subject and Object

课型：新授课（语法）

【学习目标】

1.认知目标：

了解动词-ing形式做主语和宾语在具体语境中的应用。

2.能力目标：

（1）运用归纳或演绎等方法分析动词-ing形式做主语和宾语的用法。

（2）学会在具体语境中使用动词-ing形式做主语和宾语。

【学习重点】

（1）动词-ing形式做主语

（2）动词-ing形式做宾语

(3) 动词-ing形式的否定形式

(4) 动词-ing形式的复合结构

【学习难点】

（1）动词-ing形式做主语（2）动词-ing形式做宾语

【学法指导】

运用归纳、演绎等方法分析主谓一致的用法。通过对学、群学、小组讨论合作等形式分析和解决问题。通过小组学习竞赛、积分，提高学习趣味性。

I 自主学习

Lead-in 语法导入

主谓一致是指英语中的谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致。

主谓一致一般都遵循以下三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、和就近一致。

1.语法一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定。主语为单数，谓语动词用单数，主语为复数，谓语动词也用复数。

例句： I often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。

2.意义一致是指不依语法形式而侧重于根据实际意义处理主谓关系，根据主语所表达的实际含义确定谓语动词的单复数。主语意义为复数，谓语用复数；主语意义为单数，谓语用单数。

例句：①The police are searching for a thief. 警察正在搜寻一名贼。

②The cattle are eating grass on the hill. 牛儿正在山上吃草。

3.就近一致是指当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词依据靠近它的主语确定其人称和数的形式。

例句：①Either you or he is wrong.要么是你错，要么是他错。

②Neither he nor you are required to overwork.你和他都不用加班。

II．合作探究及展示

主谓一致的具体用法：

一．集合名词作主语

1）表示整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词用单数形式，表示个体概念，强调每一个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。

常见的集合名词有：family, group, class, grade, team, army, nation, crowd, population, company, government, committee等。例如：

①他们全家要外出。 (表示整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词用单数）

His family （be) going out.

②他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。（表示个体概念，强调每一个成员）

His family (be) all music lovers.

2）有些有生命的集合名词做主语时，谓语动词只能用复数。常见的这类集合名词有：people，police，cattle等。例如：

Chinese people (be) very friendly. 中国人很友好。

The cattle (be) eating grass on the hill. 那头牛正在田地里吃草

二．表示成双成套的名词，如trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors单独做主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它们和a pair of 或pairs of 连用时，谓语动词与pair 的数保持一致。例如：

The pair of glasses （fit）you well. 你戴这副眼睛很适合。

Several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men.已经给这位老人寄去好几双新鞋了。

三．不定代词做主语

（1）不定代词anyone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, each, the other等做做主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：

①Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你。

②Nobody (know) the answer. 没有人知道答案。

（2）不定代词none和neither既可表单数也可表复数。其单复数含义要根据说话人的意思决定。例如：

None of them have/has a computer. 他们都没有电脑/他们没有一个人有电脑。

Neither of them know/knows the reason. 他们俩全都不知道答案/他们两个谁也不知道答案。

（3）all 修饰不可数名词表示单数概念时，谓语动词用单数；如果all修饰的是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。例如：

All of the water(be) polluted.所有的水都被污染了。（all 修饰不可数名词表示单数概念时，谓语动词用单数。

All of the apples ____（be) rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。(all修饰的是复数名词，谓语动词用复数)

All of the apple ____ (be) rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 (all表示整个或整体的含义时，谓语用单数）

（4）不定代词 each，every, no所修饰的名词及each....and each, every....and every, no....and no. many a... and many a...结构作主语时，谓语动词任然用单数形式。例如：

Every man and every woman is at work. 所有人都在工作

Many a desk and many a beach（be) be taken out of the hall. 许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。

四．由either....or, neither...nor, not...but或not only...but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致，即谓语动词使用“就近一致”原则。例如：

1）Either Tom or I（be）going there. 要么是汤姆去要么是我去。

2）Not the students but the teacher is about to visit the place.不是学生而是老师将去参观这个地方。

五．在there be句型中，当主语是两个或多个名词（短语）并列时，be的形式通常跟与之靠近的一个名词（短语）保持一致，即使用“就近一致”原则。例如：

房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。There （be)a desk and four chairs in the room.

房间里有四把椅子和一张桌子。There (be ) four chairs and a desk in the room.

六．其他情况

（1）主语后有 as well as , with, rather than, but, like, except, besides, including等词或短语时，谓语动词的形式不受这些短语的影响。例如：

①Your father as well as you is very kind to me. 不仅你而且你的父亲对我都很好。

②A lot of citizens as well as the major (have)come to greet us.不仅许多的市民而且市长也来迎接我们。

（2）many a 和more than one 后加单数名词表示复数意义，谓语动词用单数。例如：

①Many a soldiers was killed in the battle.

②More than one students (like) playing badminton.

（3）表示单一概念的不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：

①Smoking is bad for your health.吸烟有害你的健康。

②To see(be) to believe.眼见为实。

*注意：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句后面的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

What the students need most is diligence.

What the poor students need(be) foods and books.

(4)表示总量或总和的时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：

One hundred kilograms (be) too heavy.100公斤太重了。

Twenty years is a long time.二十年是很长一段时间。

（5）分数，百分数或half of /part of / the rest of + n./ pron.主语时，谓语动词由后面的n/pron 决定，然而 one of + n/pron做主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：

Three quarters（Three-fourths) of the surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面的四分之三是海洋。

Eighty percent of the workers here(be) women.这里80%的工作者是女性。

（6）定语从句中，其谓语动的数和先行词保持一致。例如：

Tom, who is your friend, should help you.你的朋友汤姆应该帮你。

Those who (enjoy) singing may join us.凡是喜欢唱歌的人都可以加入我们中来。

（7）并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时，指的是同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。常见的并列结构表示整体的概念的有：butter and bread（黄有面包）， a watch and a chain(一块带链的表）、a cart and horse(马车）、a knife and fork(一副刀叉）、the writer and poet(作家兼诗人）。例如：

The cart and horse （be) coming. 马车来了。

III.当堂检测

1．填出正确的谓语动词形式

1)The public (be) the best judge because always (express) their thoughts correctly.

2) None of the books (be) easy enough for us.

3) Ten dollars (be ) what he wanted most at that moment.

4) The rich (be) not always happy.

5) Nine plus three (make) twelve.

2.单项选择：

(1) _____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.

A.Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are

(2)E-mail, as well as telephone, _________ an important part in daily communication.

A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. Play

(3) He is the only one of the students who _________ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been

(4)All but one _______ here just now. A. is B. was C. has beenD. were

(5)The teacher together with the studentsdiscussing Reading Skills that newly published in America.

A.are; were B.is ; were C.are; was D.is; was.

(6) The population of the city not large, but one- third of the population hight-educated citizens.

A. is; is B.are; are C.is; are D.are, is

(7) Most of what has been said about the Smiths also true of the Johnsons.

A. are B.is C. being D. to be

(8) When and where to build the new factory _________ yet.

A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decidedD. have not decided

(9) A group of _____ are eating _____ and ______ at the foot of the hill. (NMET'95)

A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps; grasses; leaves

C. sheep; grass; leafD. sheeps; grass; leafs

(10) As a result of destroying the forests, a large _____ of desert _____ covered the land.

A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have

(11) All that can be eaten eaten up.

A.have been B.had been C. has been D are being

(12) Half of the material away.

A.has been taken B. Are taken C.have been taken D.were taken

(13) What caused the accident and who was responsible for it a mystery for us.

A. Has been remained B.have been remained C.remain D. Remains

(14) Many a man seen the wonderful film. Many men seen the wonderful film.

A. has; has B. has; have C. have; has D. have; have

(15) A woman with two children coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents move to Paris. A. is, has B. is, have C. are, have D are, has

篇9：主谓一致练习(人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

主谓一致练习

1.E-mail, as well as telephones, ________an important part in daily communication.

A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play

2. He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is B. are C. have been D. has been

3. She is one of the few girls who ________ in the kindergarten.

A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well

4. Nobody but Jane________ the secret.

A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known

5. All but one________ here just now.

A. is B. was C. has been D. were

6. A library with five thousand books________ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered

7. Either you or the headmaster________ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.

A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out

8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

9.The number of people invited______ fifty, but a number of them______ absent for different reasons.

A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were

10.-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ________ to go to university.

-So do I.

A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped

11.________of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.

A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are

12.Every possible means ________ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used

13.. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday________ yet.

A. are not decided B.have not been decided C.is not being decided D.has not been decided

14. When and where to build the new factory ________yet.

A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided

反意疑问句练习

1. You'd rather watch TV this evening, ______?

a. isn't it b. hadn't you c. wouldn't you d. won't you

2. I suppose you're not going today, ______?

a. are you b. do you c. don't you d. aren't you

3. I wish to shake hands with you, ______?

a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I

4. Three hours ought to be enough time, ______?

a. oughtn't three hours b. didn't they c. shouldn't it d. shouldn't three hours

5. They have to study a lot, ______?

a. don't they b. haven't they c. did they d. hadn't they

6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, ______ ?

a. didn't he b. did he c. did it d. didn't it

7. I'm sure dirty, ______?

a. am I b. isn't I c. aren't I d. am not I

8. You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I don't think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, ______ you?

a. do b. did c. don't d. didn't

9. That's the sort of the book you want, ______?

a. is it d. isn't that c. is that d. isn't it

10. All these dictionaries are a great help to you, ______?

a. are they b. aren't they c. are all these dictionaries d. aren't all these dictionaries

11. The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting, ______?

a. wasn't it b. was it c. didn't we d. weren't we

12. Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now, _____?

a. hasn't he b. has he c. shouldn't he d. didn't you

13. David told me that you would take a trip to America, ______?

a. would you b. wouldn't you c. did you d. didn't you

14. There appeared to be no better way, _______?

a. was there b. were there c. did there d. didn't there

15. You had some trouble finding where I live, ______?

a. didn't you b. hadn't you c. do I d. don't I

16. He has his hair cut every month, ______?

a. has he b. hasn't he c. does he d. doesn't he

17. Your friend needs to come earlier, ______?

a. does he b. doesn't he c. need he d. needn't he

18. The little boy dare not go to church, ______?

a. dare he b. daren't he c. does he d. doesn't he

19. Susan would have worked abroad if she'd had the chance, ______?

a. has she b. hadn't she c. would she d. wouldn't she

20. Everyone's having a good time, ______?

a. is he b. isn't everyone c. does he d. aren't they

21. Any one can join the club, ______?

a. can any one b. can't any one c. can't they d. can they

22. Tell me how to operate the electronic computer, ______?

a. will you b. shan't you c. do you d. don't you

23. Magaret scarcely comes to visit you on Christmas Day, ______?

a. doesn't she b. does she c. do you d. don't you

24. Let's listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned, ______?

a. do we b. don't we c. shall we d. shan't we

25. You think you're funny, ______?

a. didn't you b. are you c. don't you d. do you

26. Janet used to take part in labor in that village, ______?

a. used she b. did she c. didn't she d. should she

27. What beautiful weather, ______?

a. is it b. isn't it c. won't it d. doesn't it

28. He ought to go to Kwangchow by plane, ______?

a. should he b. shouldn't he c. would he d. wouldn't he

29. We never dared to ask him a question, ______?

a. did we b. didn't we c. dared we d. daren't we

30. Nobody will believe how difficult his work has been ______?

a. will he b. won't nobody c. will they d. won't they

31. You must have made the mistake, ______?

a. mustn't you b. haven't you c. didn't you d. hadn't you

32. Learning how to repair computers takes a long time, ______?

a. isn't it b. aren't they c. doesn't it d. don't they

33. Jack has coffee with breakfast, ______?

a. hasn't Jack b. hasn't he c. doesn't Jack d. doesn't he

34. They must have stayed at hotel last night, ______?

a. mustn't they b. haven't they c. didn't they d. hadn't they

35. There isn't anything wrong with the radio, ______?

a. is there b. is it c. does it d. does there

36. You must be hungry, ______?

a. must you b. mustn't you c. are you d. aren't you

37. Let's do the exercises by ourselves, ______?

a. shall we b. shan't we c. will you d. will we

38. Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned, ______?

a. had she b. hadn't she c. didn't she d. didn't her daughter

39. The teacher had a talk with you, ______?

a. has you b. hadn't she c. did she d. didn't she

40. Something'll have to be done about the air pollution, ______?

a. won't it b. will it c. has it d. does it

主谓一致答案: ADBBD ADBCB CCDA

反意疑问句练习答案

1-5 CABCA 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 ACBDA 16-20 DBADD

21-25 CABCD 26-30 CBBAC 31-35 BCDCA 36--40 CACDA

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇10：主谓一致练习`````(人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

主谓一致练习

1. We each _____ strong points and each of us on the other hand ______ weak points.

A. have , have B. has, have C. has , has D. have, has

2. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered

3. The police _______ determined to bring back the missing boy when his family ______ almost given up all hope.

A. is, has B. are , have C. are , has D. is, have

4. In this institution a medal together with a prize of certain sum of money _____ gains success in science and technology every two years.

A. are given to anyone B. is given to whoever

C. are given to who D. is given to whom

5. You should try Larry and kevin's restaurant because _____ the best in the city.

A. theirs is B. their's is C. they are D. their's are

6. Only one of the students who __ present__ to speak at the meeting .

A. is, is B. are, are C. are , is D. is, are

7. ------ ______ the dollars a big sum of money to him ?

------ I suppose _________.

A. Are, to B. Were, to C. Will be, to D. Is , so

8. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.

A. is not decided B. are not decided

C. had not decided D. have not decided

9. Either Tom or Jane did ________ homework in the classroom .

A. their B. theirs C. his D. her

10. Reading magazines and novels ________ helpful.

A. is B. are C. have D. has

11. In spring, many plants bloom, which ____ the world even more beautiful.

A. made B. make C. makes D. have made

12. It's not you but Mr. Anderson who ___ to answer ___ the incident.

A. are, for B. were, to C. is, for D. was , back

13. There are two books on the bookshelf. ______ of them ____ worth ______.

A. Both , are, being read B. All, are , reading

C. Neither, is, being read D. Either, is , reading

14. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. ( MENT 96 )

A. were , was B. was, was C. was, were D. were , were

15. I don't think the poor _________ poor.

A. are always B. has been always C. is always D. always are

16. Every means _______ tried but without much result.

A. have been B. had C. has D. has been

17. At the meeting each man and each woman _______ praised by the manager yesterday.

A. was B. were C. would be D. had been

18. One and a half days ________ what I need.

A. was B. is C. are D. were

19. Sixty percent of the work______ . A. have been done

B. had been done C. has been done D. has done

20. ______ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming ?

A. Are B. Is C. Do D. Does

21. Such films _____ shown yesterday ______ not worth seeing again.

A. that was, is B. as were, are C. as were, is D. those were , are

22. Three fourths of the earth's surface ______ covered with water.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

23. About 85 percent of the students ____ good , and part of them _____ interested in biology.

A. is, are B. are, are C. are , is D. is , is

24. Politics ______ now taught in all schools.

A. is B. are C. be D. being

25. Do you know what his politics _______ ?

A. is B. are C. be D. being

26. The wounded __________ sent to the hospital at once .

A. were B. are C. is D. was

27. The Chinese _____ hard-working.

A. be B. being C. is D. are

28. The United Nations ______ in 1945.

A. are found B. is found C. was founded D. were founded

29. Our headmaster and secretary ______ kind and strict.

A. is B. be C. are D. were

30. More than one girl _______ late for class this morning.

A. are B. is C. was D. were

31. Many a student ______ in the exam.

A. have failed B. had been failed C. has failed D. will be failed

32. A pair of broken glasses ______ on the desk.

A. is laying B. is lying C. are lying D. are laying

33. What _______ the police looking for?

A. is B. are C. will D. did

34. No boy and no girl ______ waiting for the bus.

A. are B. be C. were D. is

35. There ______ I'd like to answer this evening.

A. are one or two letters B. has one or two letters

C. is one or two letters D. have one or two letters

36. Great quantities of fish ______ in the river in the past few days.

A. is caught B. are caught

C. has been caught D. have been caught

37. Why she didn't come here ______ quite clear.

A. are not B. will not C. isn't D. were not

38. What he says and what he does ___________ .

A. is not agree B. are not agree

C. does not agree D. do not agree

39. Not only politics but also English is important. In other word, ______ is important.

A. English , as well as politics B. politics as well as English

C. both politics and English D. politics as well as the English

40. This is the one of the books on the subject that ______ ever been written in Chinese.

A. have B. has C. had D. are

41. The exam he paid no attention to _ him the chance to go to college.

A. being costed B. costing C. cost D. costs

42. Not only the students but also the teacher ______ about the matter.

A. are talking B. is to talk C. have talked D. are having talked

43. On the ceiling of our classroom ______ four lights.

A. hang B. are hanged C. hanged D. hangs

44. The world's supplies of oil _____ gradually ______ up with the development of industry and the increase of cars.

A. is ; used B. are being; used C. has; used D. have been; using

45. He is one of the students who , I am sure, always do _____ best.

A. his B. one's C. my D. their

46. The population of China ____ over 12 million and eighty percent of the population _____ peasants.

A. is; are B. are; is C. is ; is D. are ; are

47. He said that the twelfth and last lesson _______ rather difficult .

A. were B. was C. will be D. are

48. His “Selected Poems” ______ first published in 1965.

A. were B. was C. has been D. were

49. All but one ______ here just now.

A. is B. was C. has been D. were

50. Seventy percent of the students here ______ from the country side.

A. is B. are C. comes D. has come

51. More than 60 percent of world’s radio programmes ___ in English.

A. is B. was C. are D. be

52. The whole class ______ the teacher attentively.

A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening

53. The United States of America ______ one of the most developed countries in the world.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

54 The air in big cities ______ very dirty by factories.

A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made

55. A large number of students of this school ______ fond of playing football.

A. are B. was C. is D. be

56. Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.

A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study

57. I, who ______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your lessons.

A. be B. am C. are D. is

58. Ten dollars ______a big sum for a small child , and they will go a long way .

A. are B. being C. have D. is

59. The rich ______ not always happy.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

60. Apples of this kind _______.

A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well

61. The Olympic Games _______ held every _______ years.

A. is…four B. are…four C. is…five D. are…five

62. No one but her parents ______ it.

A. know B. knows C. is knowing d. are knowing

63. ______ a good enough price for this book.

A. Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C. Two yuans is D. Two yuan is

64. No bird and no beast _______ in the lonely island.

A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees

65. The news of victories ______ spreading far and wide.

A. is B. are C. have been D. were

66.Few of his family ______ with his imaginative ideas.

A. agree B. agrees C. are agreed D. is agreed

67. The paper for books and newspapers _____ made of wood.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

68. Neither your mother nor you ______ at home.

A. am B. is C. are D. be

69. It is she who _______ wrong.

A. is B. am C. are D. has been

70. ________ well looked after in that hospital. A. Wounded are

B. Wounded is C. The wounded are D. The wounded is

71. Twenty of us are old. The rest _______ young.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

72. The Smiths ______ to move into the new building.

A. are B. is C. has D. will

73. It is said the police ______ trying their best to catch the murderer.

A. have B. has C. is D. are

74. Here ______ a new pair of shoes for you.

A. is B. are c. have D. has

75. The best ______ still unknown.

A. is B. are C. be D. were

76. We each _______ to pass the entrance examinations.

A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. is hoping

77. Bread and butter ______ a kind of food.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

78. The watch and chain ______ of gold.

A. is made B. are made C. were made D. am made

79. Half the eggs ______ bad.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

80. ______ this pair of glasses ______ her well?

A. Is…fit B. Do…fit C. Does…fit D. Are…fit

81. About eighty percent of the students in his class ___ below sixteen.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

82. There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

83. A large quantity of water pipes ______ needed.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

84. Large quantities of paper ______ wasted.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

85. How and why he ______ come to Princeton, New Jersey ______ a story of struggle, success and sadness.

A. had…was B. had… are C. had… has d. had… have

86. Not only I but also Jessie and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another.

A. is B. are C. am d. be

87.My driving licence , rather than my credit cards, ______lost .,

A. have B. are C. is D. has

88. Nobody but Jane and Mary ______ secret.

A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known

89. A great deal of ______ was done to crops.

A. damages B. damaging C. damage D. ruin

90. -Do you want the pants?

-My pants ______ laid in bed.

A. is B. was C. are D. being

91. I told him what I was surprised ____ his attitude towards his study.

A. is B. was C. at is D. at was

92. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest ___ more difficult.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

93. They each ______ a new dictionary.

A. has B. have C. is D. are

94.The pilot as well as four of the passengers ______death .

A. has escaped B. have escaped C. has been escaped D. have been escaped

95. Every hour and every minute ______ important.

A. are B. were C. is D. will

96. Nobody except Bill and Johnny ______entered the second round of the interview.

A. have B. has C. have been D. has been

97. He is one of the old scientists who ______nothing about his personal income and fame .

A. cares B. care C. is caring D. are caring

98. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ________yet.

A.are not decided B.have not been decided

C.is not being decided D.has not been decided

99.Mary is one of the girls who ________by the headmaster at the meeting.

A. is praised B. are praised C.was praised D.were praised

100.Mary is the only one of the girls who________by the headmaster at the meeting.

A.is praised B.are praised C.was praised D.were praised

Keys:

01-10 DABBA CDADA 11-20 CCDCA DABCA

21-30 BABAB ADCAC 31-40 CBBDA DCDAB

41-50 CBABD ABBDB 51-60 CAACA CBDAC

61-70 BBDBA ACCAC 71-80 BADAA BAABC

81-90 BAAAA BCBCC 91-100 DABCC BBDDC

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇11：“主谓一致”与高考试题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

“主谓一致”与高考试题

“主谓一致”是重要的语法项目，也是学习难点和高考热点之一。因此，掌握好该语法点，对于面临高考的中学生来说，无疑是非常必要的。

英语中的一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、性、时态等方面保持一致，但最主要的是主语和谓语在数方面的一致关系。请看下面三道高考题：

1．Every possible means ____ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear．（上海春招）

A．is used B．are used C．has been used D．have been used

2．____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass．（2000上海高考）

A．Two fifth．．．is B．Two fifth．．．are

C．Two fifths．．．is D．Two fifths．．．are

3．He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years．（上海春招）

A．is B．are C．have been D．has been

（Key：1-3 CCD）

从上面的考例可见“主谓一致”在中学英语中的重要地位。根据中学阶段所学内容，考生应掌握以下知识：

一、有生命意义的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。

常用的名词有：police（警察），cattle（牛），folk ／folks（US）（人们），等等。如：

There were over 100 police on duty at the demonstration．游行期间有100多名警察值勤。

注：1．有些集体名词作主语时，如将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如将其作为个体成员看，谓语动词则用复数。常用的名词有：family（家庭；家庭成员），class（班级；班级学生），army（军队；士兵），committee（委员会；委员），team（队；队员），等等。如：

My family is a large one．我们家是个大家庭。

My family are watching TV now．我们家人现在正在看电视。

2．表示“某国人”的名词（如Chinese，Japanese，English，British，French等）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

The Chinese usually use chopsticks for meals，while the British use knives and forks．中国人通常用筷子吃饭，而英国人用刀叉吃饭。

但是，有些单复数同形的名词（如 Chinese，Japanese等）作主语时，如果指具体的某个人，其谓语动词应用单数。如：

That Japanese is a singer．那个日本人是个歌唱家。

3．有些表示某类别的总称的集体名词（如machinery〈机械〉，clothing〈衣服〉，luggage〈行李〉，furniture〈家具〉等）作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：

My luggage was sent by air．我的行李是航空邮寄的。

二、“-s”结尾的表示“学科”、“疾病名称”等名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。

常用的名词有：politics，maths， physics，AIDS，等等。如：

Maths is my favourite subject．数学是我最喜爱的学科。

三、表示某些由两部分组成的物体的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。常用的名词有：trousers，chopsticks，scissors，glasses，gloves，shoes，slippers，等等。如：

My trousers were bought in Shanghai．我的裤子是在上海买的。

但是，当这些名词前有pair时，谓语动词常与pair的数一致。如：

This pair of trousers was bought in Shanghai，but those two pairs of gloves were bought in Beijing．这条裤子是在上海买的，但那两副手套是在北京买的。

四、国名、地名、组织机构名称、书刊和杂志名等名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：

The United States is a developed country．美国是个发达国家。

Great Expectations has been translatedinto Chinese．《远大前程》已译成中文。

五、表示“时间、距离、钱额”等复数名词作主语时，常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：

Ten years is a moment in history．十年在历史上是一瞬间。

One hundred kilometers is a long distance．一百公里是一段很长的距离。

Fifty pounds is too expensive．五十英镑太贵了。

如果将以上复数名词作为个体看待时，谓语动词常用复数。如：

Ten years have passed since I came to work in this school．自从我到这所学校工作以来，十年已经过去了。

六、由“名词＋and＋名词”结构作主语，表示同一种事物或同一人时，谓语动词常用单数。如：

Bread and milk is whole some food．面包牛奶是一种有益于身体的食物。

The singer and dancer has come．那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家来了。

七、由“every ／each ／no ＋单数名词＋and ＋every ／each ／no ＋单数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：

Every hour and every minute is important．每一小时，每一分钟，都很宝贵。

有时可将第二个every ／each ／no省略。如：

Each book and paper can be found in this room．每一本书，每一份文件，都可在此房间内找到。

八、“名词／代词＋or＋名词／代词”结构作主语时，谓语动词一般与or后面的名词／代词一致。如：

He or I am going to attend the meeting．他或者我将参加会议。

九、“名词＋介词短语”作主语时，谓语动词一般与名词的数一致。

常用的介词和短语介词有：with，together with，along with，like，besides，as well as，but，except，except for，including等。如：

The teacher as well as the students is ready to help others．不仅学生们，而且老师也乐于助人。

The girl together with some boys has gone to plant trees．那个姑娘和一些男孩子一起去植树了。

Nobody but Tom and Mary was in the classroom．只有汤姆和玛丽在教室里。

十、由“either．．．or．．．；neither．．．

nor．．．；notonly．．．butalso．．．”连接的名词／代词作主语时，谓语动词常与最靠近的主语一致。如：

Neither the children nor the mother knows anything about it．孩子们和母亲都不知道这件事。

Are either you or I wrong？不是你错就是我错，是吗？

在英语口语中，甚至在正式英语中，“neither．．．nor．．．；either．．．or．．．”连接的名词／代词作主语时，也可采取概念一致的原则，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

Neither the cats nor the dog have been fed．那些猫和狗都没有喂过。

十一、不定代词all，some，any作主语时，如果指代可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。none作主语时，如果指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果指代可数名词，谓语动词用单复数均可。either和 neither作主语时，谓语动词常用单数，但在非正式语体中也可用复数。如：

All have gone home after school except a naughty boy who remains in the classroom．放学后除了一个淘气的男孩留在教室以外，所有的人都回家了。

All is well that ends well．结果好一切就好。

None of my classmates have ／has been to the USA．我的同学都没有／一个也没有去过美国。

Either of the two boys is a League member．这两个男孩都是团员。

Neither of them knows the truth．他们谁都不知道真相。

十二、“分数／百分数＋of＋名词”结构在句子中作主语时，谓语动词与名词的数一致。如：

Three quarters of the surface of the earth is covered by water．地球表面的四分之三被水覆盖。

About sixty percent of the teachers in this school are women．这所学校里大约百分之六十的教师是女的。

十三、“The ＋形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式。

常用的形容词有：rich，poor，living，dead，young，old，blind，sick，wounded，aged，disabled等。如：

In the old society，the poor were forced to sell their children．在旧社会穷人被迫卖儿卖女。

如果该形容词指抽象概念，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：

The new is always weak at first．新生事物开始时总是脆弱的。

The true is to be distinguished from the false．真与假应相区别。

The unexpected has happened．出乎意料的事发生了。

十四、动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：

Swimming in rivers in summer is a splendid sport，but to swim in rivers in winter needs great will power．夏天在江河里游泳是极好的运动，但冬天在江河里游泳需要极大的毅力。

Who he is doesn't concern me．他是谁与我无关。

但是，当what引导主语从句或由 and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。如：

What we need here is money．我们这里需要的是资金。

What we need here are workers．我们这里需要的是工人。

Lying and stealing are immoral．说谎与偷窃是不道德的。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇12：主谓一致专项复习(新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)

主谓一致专项复习

【学习指南】

从广义上讲，一致关系牵涉到名词和代词之间、主语和谓语之间、主语和表语之间、主句谓语动词的时态和从句谓语动词时态之间等众多的一致关系，但本章只着重论述主语和谓语在人称和数的一致关系。

本章的学习重点是主谓一致的三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。然而，在语言实践过程中往往还会出现较为复杂的情况，如有些句子的主语不能从词的形式上看出是单数还是复数，有时还会出现一些习惯用法，这就要求我们在学习过程中要记住：规则一定要遵循，例外一定要注意，惯用法一定要重视。本章难点是集合名词作主语以及形复意单的名词作主语时的主谓一致，另外并列主语的主谓一致因其例外较多，也是我们在学习过程中值得关注的焦点之一。

一、语法一致的原则

语法一致是指主语为单数形式，谓语也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。

1、动词不定式或动词–ing形式作主语

动词不定式或动词–ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

To see is to believe.

眼见为实。

Asking costs nothing.

多问不吃亏。

2、从句作主语

名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

That they will win is certain.

他们一定会赢是确信无疑的。

When they could finish the task is not known yet.

他们何时能完成任务还未知。

Whoever wants to join in the competition is asked to sign his / her name here.

要参加比赛的人请在这里签名。

【小贴士】

但what / whoever / which引导的主语从句充当主语时，有时要看what / whoever / which所指代的词的意义来决定谓语动词的数。

What he said is true.他所说的是真的。

What we need are more volunteers. 我们所需要的是更多的志愿者。

3、“more than one 或many a + 单数名词”作主语

“more than one / many a +单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义复数，但谓语动词还是用单数形式。但“more than + 复数名词”或“more + 复数名词 + than one”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

More than one student has read Rowling’s Harry Porter.

许多学生看过罗琳的《哈利波特》。

Many a student has seen the film Titanic twice.

许多学生看了电影《铁达尼号》两次。

More than two hundred people have turned out at the meeting.

两百多人退出了会场。

More students than one are against the decision.

不止一个学生反对这个决定。

【小帖士】

“one or two +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数，但“a / one + 单数名词+ or two”作主语，谓语动词单数、复数均可。

One or two days are enough for me to finish the work.

一两天的时间就足够我去完成这工作。

Only a / one word or two is / are needed here.

这里只需要一两个字。

4、用and连接的主语

由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如表示单一的概念时，谓语动词则用单数形式（见本章第二节“意义一致的原则”）。

Rice and wheat are grown in China.

中国种植小米和小麦。

Both his father and his mother are advanced workers.

他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进工作者。

5、用with, as well as等词连接的主语

“名词+ together with/as well as + 名词”结构作主语时，不能看作是并列主语，together with或as well as之后的名词是主语的附加成分，句子的谓语动词不受附加成分中名词单复数的影响，仍和第一个名词的数保持一致。

Our monitor as well as some of our classmates has been to the USA.

我们的班长和几位同学已去过美国了。

The bat together with the balls was stolen.

球拍和球都被偷走了。

【百宝箱】

英语中有很多属于“A + as well as + B”这种结构，谓语动词应与主语A 保持一致。

A together with B A和B A rather than B A而不是B

A along with B A与B A except/but B A除了B

A including B A包括B A like/unlike B A像/不像B那样

A in addition to B A加上B A no less than B A如B一样

6、关系代词作主语

定语从句中关系代词who, that, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致。

AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body immune system and leaves a person defenseless against infections and illnesses.

艾滋病是一种破坏人体免疫系统，使人处于失去抗感染、抗疾病状态的病症。

Those who have finished the work can go home first.

那些已完成工作的人可以先回家。

I, who am your teacher, will do my best to help you.

我是你的老师，我会全力帮助你的。

【点津坊】

若先行词为“one of + 复数名词”时，从句中的谓语动词用复数；若先行词为“the only one of + 复数名词”时，从句中的谓语动词用单数。

He was one of the students who were given a prize. 他是那些获奖的学生之一。

I was the only one in my office who was invited. 我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。

7、由两部分构成的物体名词作主语

由两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词做主语时，谓语通常用复数，此类名词有：glasses（眼镜），spectacles(眼镜)，shoes（鞋子），boots（靴子），sneakers（轻便运动鞋）；trousers / pants（裤子），compasses（指南针），chopsticks（筷子），scissors（剪刀），socks（短袜）,stockings（长袜），clothes（衣服）等。但这类词如用a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

My glasses were broken while playing football yesterday.

昨天踢足球时我的眼镜被打烂了。

A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.

床底下有一双鞋。

Chopsticks were first introduced to Japan in the 3rd century A.D. and thus ended the practice of taking food directly by hand.

公元三世纪，筷子传到了日本，并从此结束了人们直接用手拿食物的做法。

【小帖士】

当a pair (of)表示“两个人”时，其谓语动词通常用复数；当表示“一对夫妇”时，谓语用单复数都行。

A pair of students are practising speaking English there. 两个学生正在那里练习讲英语。

The happy pair is/are going to Europe for their honeymoon. 这对快乐的新婚夫妇打算去欧洲度蜜月。

8、this kind / sort of +名词作主语

表示一个种类的“kind of + 名词”后面常用单数谓语动词，而“复数名词+ of this kind”后面的谓语动词常用复数。

This kind / sort of question is very difficult. 这种问题很难。

Questions of this kind / sort are very difficult. 这种问题很难。

9、amount和quantity结构作主语

“a large amount of + 不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“large amounts of +不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。类似的结构还有“a large quantity of +可数/不可数名词”结构（谓语用单数）以及“large quantities of +可数/不可数名词”结构（谓语用复数）。

A large amount of damage was done in a short time.

在短时间内就造成了巨大的损失。

Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.

这座桥花了一大笔钱。

A large quantity of pure water is needed there.

那里需要大量的纯净水。

Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purposes.

需要大量的水来降温。

10、名词所有格作主语

指商店、工场、住宅等的名词所有格作主语时，后面往往省略了shop / home等名词，如the baker’s（面包店），the barber’s（理发店），the doctor’s（诊所），the Zhang’s（张先生家）等，谓语动词一般用单数。但表示店铺名称的名词所有格，如？？？？？等，谓语动词往往用复数。

My uncle’s is not far from here.

我叔叔家离这里不远。

The baker’s was destroyed in a big fire last year.

那家面包店在去年一场大火中被烧毁了。

McDonald’s have a lot of delicious food to sell.

麦当劳有许多好吃的食物出售。

【试题播报】

E-mail, as well as telephones, _______ an important part in daily communication.

A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play

【分析】该题目考查主语加附加成分时与谓语的一致原则。主语为单数时，后面附加成分的单复数不影响谓语动词的单复数。选项B、C、D都是复数形式，故答案为A。

二、意义一致的原则

句子的谓语动词和主语的数的一致是根据该主语的意义，而不是根据语法形式决定的。当主语形式为单数，但意义为复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式；但主语形式为复数，而意义却为单数时，谓语动词用单数形式。

1、无标记复数名词作主语

people（人们）, cattle（牛群），poultry（家禽）, police（警察），youth（青年）是无标记复数名词，即没有复数标记但用作复数的名词，其谓语动词总是用复数形式。

The police were sent to the spot to keep order immediately.

警察立即被派往现场维持秩序。

Cattle are one cause of the problem.

养牛是这个问题的一个原因。

2、单复数同形的名词作主语

英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数，常见的这类名词有sheep（绵羊），deer（鹿），fish（鱼），means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese（中国人），Japanese（日本人）；Swiss（瑞士人）；crossroads（十字路口）；series（系列）等。

The chemical works was set up in 1980.

这家化工厂于1980年建的。

These glass works are far from the city center.

这些玻璃厂离市中心很远。

Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

为了防止污染，每一种方法都试过了，但天空仍然不清晰。

All possible means have been tried to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.

为了使动植物的生命不受到威胁，所有的方法都试过了。

This species has been completely destroyed for different reasons.

由于不同的原因，这个物种已经被彻底破坏了。

Since so many species have been destroyed, we have to protect the ones that are still with us.

既然那么多的物种已被破坏，我们就得保护那些仍然与我们同在的物种。

3、集体名词作主语

团体性的集体名词表示整体时，其谓语动词用单数形式；但这些集体名词表示集体中若干个体时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类名词常见的有family（家庭），crowd（人群），class（班级），public（公众），enemy（敌人），audience（观众），government（政府），group（小组），committee（委员会），team（队），media（媒体），staff（全体职员），crew（全体人员）等。

The audience was deeply moved.

观众深受感动。（整体）

The audience were dressed in a variety of ways, some in suits and some in jeans.

观众衣着各不相同，有的穿套装，有的穿牛仔服。（个体）

A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.

情绪高昂的球队比较可能获胜。（整体）

The team are practicing hard on the playground.

队员们正在操场刻苦地训练。（个体）

The media is not always reliable.

新闻媒体并不总是可信赖的。（整体）

The media have made a bitter attack on the Health Minister.

各家媒体对卫生部长进行了严厉的攻击。（个体）

【小帖士】

表示某一类东西的总称的集体名词，如clothing（衣服）, furniture（家具）, baggage/luggage（行李）, equipment（设备）等，没有复数形式，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。

4、用and连接的表示单数概念的主语

有时，一些用and连接的主语表达的却是单数的概念，这时谓语动词也应用单数形式。

（1）用and连接的名词表示同一概念的结构作主语时

Bread and butter is nutritious for patients.

奶油面包对病人很有营养。（表示同一概念）

Both bread and butter are on sale here.

这里出售奶油和面包。（and连接两种食品）

A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on.

针线给了她，但她不会把钮扣缝起来。（将针线作为一个整体）

Pen and ink is provided in the examination room.

考试室提供笔墨。（将笔墨视为一物）

【百宝箱】

常见的and连接的表示同一概念的短语：

bread and butter（奶油面包） a needle and thread（针线）

milk and water（掺水的牛奶） a knife and fork（一副刀叉）

fish and chips（炸鱼土豆片） a cup and saucer（一套杯盘）

meat and potatoes（肉炒土豆） a horse and cart（一匹马拉的车）

fruit and cream（加奶油的水果） a watch and chain（一只系表带的手表）

（2）“each/every/no + 单数名词+ and + each/every/no + 单数名词”作主语时

Every hour and every minute is precious.

每一小时，每一分钟，都很宝贵。

No man and no woman is not allowed to enter the hall.

每个人都不允许进入大厅。

（3）“A and B”结构指同一人或同一概念时

Our happiness and misery is due to our own actions.

幸福与否在于我们自己的作为。

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。（指同一概念）

【巧辩栏】

有时冠词的使用可以帮助我们判断两个名词是同一还是并列。

The secretary and manager was speaking at the meeting.

那位书记兼经理在会上讲话。（只有一个冠词一般指同一个人）

The secretary and the manager spoke at the meeting.

书记和经理都在会上讲了话。（两个名词都有冠词是两个人）

5、“the + 形容词或过去分词”作主语

“the + 形容词或过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如 “the + 形容词”指一个人或表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数。

The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.

最后，伤员们被村民们救起。

The wounded in the accident was a policeman.

这次事故的受伤者是一名警察。

The beautiful is not always useful.

好看的并不总是有用的。

6、表学科的名词做主语

有些以s结尾表示学科名称的词，如physics（物理）, mathematics（数学）, economics（经济学）, politics（政治），mechanics(机械学，力学)等，作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式。

Physics makes much use of mathematics.

物理学要大量运用数学。

Economics is her major.

她的主修课程是经济学。

7、表示时间、距离、金额、重量等复数形式作主语

表示距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等复数名词作主语时，如作为一个整体来看待的话，谓语动词通常用单数。

Four hours is enough time to spend repairing the machine.

四个小时足够用来修理那部机器。

Fifty dollars was a large sum for me at that time.

那时五十美金对我来说是一大笔钱。

Twenty kilometers is a quite long distance.

二十公里是一段相当长的距离。

8、分数或百分数作主语

分数、百分比作主语时谓语动词根据后面名词决定单复数。

More than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered with water.

地球百分之七十以上的表面被水覆盖着。

80 percent of the scientists invited to the conference are men.

被邀请参加大会的科学家百分之八十是男科学家。

One third of the work has been finished.

已完成了三分之一的工作。

One third of the students have not passed the end-of-term examination.

三分之一的学生没能通过期末考试。

9、国家、单位、书报名称作主语

国家、单位、书报名称作主语时谓语动词用单数。

The United States is leading the world in science and technology .

美国在世界科技方面领先。

General Motors sells about 15 percent of all cars and trucks in the world.

通用汽车公司汽车的销售总量占世界的百分之十五。

The New York Times is one of the most influential newspapers in the world.

《纽约时报》是世界上最具影响力的报纸之一。

10、名词性物主代词作主语

名词性物主代词作主语时，应根据上下文的意义决定谓语动词的单复数。

Your shoes are clean, while his (= his shoes) are dirty.

你的鞋是干净的，而他的却是脏的。

Ours (=our class) is a united class.

我们班是一个团结的班集体。

11、表示数量的词作主语

一些表示数量的词，如a lot of, half of, all of, none of 等，作主语时，谓语动词的数通常与of后面的名词保持一致。

A lot of workers are on a strike for better pay.

许多工人正在为得到更高报酬而罢工。

Lots of equipment is needed in the laboratory.

实验室需要许多设备。

None of the passengers were aware of the danger.

乘客中没有一个意识到危险的存在。

None of the money has been spent on repairs.

这笔钱没有花费在维修方面。

12、a number of与the number of作主语

“a number of ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

A number of new cars are being shown in the exhibition hall.

展厅里正在展出许多新车。

The number of the cars running on the streets is quite large.

马路上的车流量很大。

【试题播报】

The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.

A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were

【分析】第一个句子的主语为the number，谓语动词应为单数；第二个句子的主语被由a number of修饰，谓语动词应为复数。故答案为C。

13、the rest of和the majority of结构作主语

the rest of和the majority of结构作主语时，谓语动词的数常与of后面的名词的数保持一致。

The rest of the books were returned to the library.

其余的书都归还给图书馆了。

The rest of the money was given to the villagers.

其余的钱都给了村民。

The majority of his classmates are from the countryside.

他同学大多数来自农村。

The majority of the damage is easy to repair.

这次的损害大部分容易补救。

14、such作主语

such作主语时根据其所指的内容决定谓语动词的单复数。

Such is our plan.

这就是我们的计划。

Such are his words.

这些就是他所说的话。

三、就近一致的原则

在一些结构或巨型中，谓语动词的人称和数须与邻近的主语保持一致。`

1、“there be”和“here be”结构

Here are my replies to your questions.

这些是我对你的问题的回答。

There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plate.

盘子里有一个苹果，两条香蕉和一些橘子。

2、部分并列连词连接两个主语时

当either…or…；neither…nor…；not only…but also…；not…but…；or，nor等并列连词连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数与邻近的主语保持一致。

Not only he but also his sisters have been to the Great Wall.

不仅他，还有他姐姐都去过长城。

Either he or you are to blame for it.

不是他就是你必须为此事负责。

Not you but I am responsible for the delay.

不是你而应是我对这次耽搁负责。

【试题播报】

Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ tired of having one examination after another.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

【分析】本句考查not only…but also连接并列主语时的主谓一致。Not only…but also连接的并列主语应采用就近一致的原则，Jane and Mary充当主语用复数谓语动词，故选B。

3、倒装结构

当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，一些表示“存在”之意的谓语动词，如be, lie, stand等，需和最靠近的主语保持一致。

Between the windows is a picture.

在两个窗户中间挂着一副画。

South of the lake stand two stone towers. 湖泊的南边有两座石塔。

【训练大本营】

一、选出正确选项：

1. Not only I but also Tom and Mary _________ fond of watching television.

A. am B. is C. are D. be

2. Twenty-five thousand dollars ________ the average income for a medium-sized family in the United States.

A. are B. is C. will be D. be

3. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _______ of desert _______ covered the land.

A. number … has B. quantity … has

C. number … have D. quantity … have

4. John is the only one of the staff members who ________ to be transferred.

A. is going B. are going C. have been going D. has been going

5. ---Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________ to go to university.

--- So do I.

A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped

6. Either you or the headmaster _________ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.

A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out

7. The first two problems are very different, but the rest _________ easy.

A. is B. are C. was D. is being

8. Ten minutes ________ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.

A. seemed B. to seem C. seem D. seems

9. The committee __________ among themselves for four hours.

A. has been arguing B. has been argued

C. have been arguing D. have been argued

10. All the employees except the manager ______ to work online at home.

A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged

11. Every means ______ prevent the water from ________ .

A. are used to ; polluting B. get used to; polluting

C. is used to; polluted D. is used to; being polluted

12. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ______ increased enormously ever since.

A. is B. was C. has been D. had been

13. The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.

A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded

14. A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered

15. The first exercise should be done in class, the rest _______ at home.

A. is to be done B. are to do C. are to be done D. is to do

16. The news I referred to ___________ in today’s paper.

A. are B. be C. have D. is

17. Most of the work ________ by the time we got there.

A. was done B. have been done C. has been done D. had been done

18. All that I want to know ________ why your condition has not improved.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

19. The professor, _______ some of his assistants, _____ to attend our meeting this afternoon.

A. and; is B. as well as; is C. or; are D. except for; are

20. There ______ more than one answer to your question.

A. have been B. has been C. are D. is

21. which of the books do you think _______ best among the best-sellers?

A. sells B. is sold C. are written D. writes

22. Growing at the foot of the hill ______ wild flowers of different colors.

A. is B. are C. was D. have been

23. This kind of stories _______ instructive while stories of that kind _______ harmful to children.

A. is; seems B. are; seem C. is; seem D. are; seems

24. When and where to build a new factory _____ yet.

A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided

25. ---Has everyone in your class passed the test?

---No, ________ only Tom and Philip who _______ passed it.

A. it was; had B. there is, have C. it is; have D. there were; had

二、改错

1. About one fifths of the workers in the chemical works is from the countryside.

A B C D

2. I wonder if the English-Chinese dictionary I referred to belong to him.

A B C D

3. All of the information in the newspaper are correct.

A B C D

4. It is said that our League secretary as well as some of our classmates are going to take

A B C D

the Band-4 examination.

5. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else are willing to go out for a walk in the rain.

A B C D

6. Each of the passengers have his own room in the ship.

A B C D

7. Your trousers are dirty, you must have it washed at once.

A B C D

8. Every boy and every girl are asked to attend the lecture and make notes.

A B C D

参考答案：

一、选择正确答案

1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. D

11. D 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. D

21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25 C

二、改错

1. D改为 are 2. D改为 belongs 3. D 改为 is 4. C 改为 is 5. C改为 is willing 6. C 改为 has 7. C改为 them 8. C改为 is

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇13：语法系列复习二-----代词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法系列复习专题二-----代词

代词的分类

1.人称代词：有主格、宾格、所有格（含形容词性和名词性两种所有格）

2.反身代词:myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself ,ourselves ,yourselves

themselves

3.指示代词:this ,that ,these ,those

4.疑问代词:who ,whom ,what ,which

5.相互代词:each other ,one another

6.不定代词:some ,any ,all ,both ,none ,one, each ,either ,neither ,other ,another,

something ,anything ,nothing ,anyone ,anybody , someone ,somebody ,nobody

7.关系代词(用于定语从句):who ,whom ,whose，that ,which ,as

代词用法注意点

1.名词性所有格代词可作主语、宾语、表语，可用于双重所有格。例如：

This isnt my book. Its his. Mine is in the bag. /Is she a friend of yours ?/Do

you think this bag of mine beautiful ?/She lost some pencils of hers.

2.反身代词可用于某些固定搭配。例如：

①(all)by oneself 自己单干，独立干：

The boy usually finishes his homework by himself.

②of oneself 自动地，自行地：

Mary will correct her mistakes in the exercises of herself.

③for oneself 替/为自己：You have to choose for yourself.

3.指示代词this/these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物；that/those 常指时间和

空间上较远的人或物。

进行比较时，that可代替不可数名词或单数名词以避免重复；those 可代替复数名词以

免重复。例如：

The water of the well is cleaner than that of the river./The Christmas cards are

much better than those you bought yesterday.

4.相互代词each other ,one another.前者通常指两者之间的“相互”，后者侧重三者或三

者以上的“相互”，也可指两者之间的“相互”。

5.不定代词

①some多用于肯定句；any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中。另外some可用于表示请求、

提议或者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，修饰可数名词，表示“任何、无论哪一个”

例如：

If you have any ink ,please give me some.

Edison became quite expert at it and could find work in any town he went to.

②all 与none

all表示“三者或三者以上全部”，可以修饰可数、不可数名词。none用于表示对三个或

三个以上的人或物的否定，意思是“没有什么人，没有什么东西”，可作主语和宾语。none

of…后的谓语可以是单数或复数形式。none可以简略回答以How many或How much开头

的疑问句。

例如：

None of them have/has failed.

-- How many books are there on the desk ? -- None.

注意：no one (＝nobody)不同于none ,作主语时只能跟单数谓语，不可跟of短语连用，

回答以who开头的问句，不能回答How many/much …开头的问句。

例如：

-- Who is in the room ? -- no one(＝Nobody).

--Is there any oil in the glass ? -- None.

③other ,another ,the other ,others ,the others

other表示“没有范围的，其他的”，与名词复数连用。如：other books/boys/…

another泛指很多中的“另一个”，可作代词或形容词用，代替或修饰单数可数名词。

如：

I dont like this hat ,please show me another.

the other可作代词或形容词用，指已知的事物或人中的“另一个”，或另一方中的“全

部其他的”。

如：

I have two sisters.One is a student and the other is a worker./I can see only

two teachers in the office.Where are the other teachers ?

others泛指其他的人或物；the others特指其余的人或物。others常和some对比使用。

例如：

Thirty students in our class are boys ,the others are girls.

Some are carrying water ,others are watering the trees.

④one作为不定代词，泛指“任何人”（包括说话人在内），还可用来代替上文出现过的可

数名词（指人或物），并有复数形式ones。

例如：

I have bought a new bike.My old one doesnt work./One must do ones duty.

注意：one ,that都可代替前面出现过的单数名词，但这样用时，one可被前置或后置

定语修饰,that只能被后置定语修饰。

例如：

This book is the one that is needed by him.

My seat is next to that of our teacher.

代词考点分析

1.-- When shall we meet again ?

-- Make it _____ day you like;its all the same to me.(高考题)

A．one B．any C．some D．another

析：此题答案为B。若选A，one day意“过去/将来的某一天”；若选C,some day意“有朝一日”、“将来某一天”、“迟早”；若选D，another day意“改日”、“又/另一天”；选B，any day意“随便哪一天”、“无论哪一天”，显然它适合此题。

2.Im reading a new book these days ,_____ in English.

A.it B.that C.one D.which

析：排除A选项it的原因是因为it前或后都不可放定语；若选B项that,则因其不能替代同一事物，也可排除；至于D项which，因其是定语从句引导词，在此明显不合用。只有C项one一方面它可有前置或后置定语，另一方面它可以替代前面出现的名词a book,故是正确答案。

3.There were two boys who called and I gave an apple to _____.

A.every B.all C.either D.each

析：由题干内容可知有两个孩子在叫喊，故all（指三者或三者以上）不可选；every表“两者中任意的一个”，在此不符合情景之需要。只有D,each(两者中的每一个)填入空白才合题干内容。

4.We dont know _____ of the visitors here;we only know some.

A.everyone B.every one C.anybody D.each one

析：因为everyone ,everybody ,anybody等不定代词一般不带限定语（此处不能与of短语连用），故A、C选项可排除。若选D项，因not…each结构表全否定，与下句“we only know some”不合，故不能成立。只有选B时，not…every表半否定，与下句意相合。

5.Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _____.

(上海题)

A.the other B.some other C.others D.those other

析：根据in some ways（在某些方面），可知空白处要选表达复数意义的词，据此可排除A、B；又因为没有those other这样的词语，故可排除D。根据some常与others相呼应使用规律，可定C为正确答案。

6.The question is too difficult and we found _____.

A.it not easy to answer it B.it was not easy for us to answer it

C.its not easy to answer D.it not easy to answer

析：根据时态一致规律，we found后不可跟C选项；要表达“那个问题不容易答。”这一意思时，应说The question is not easy to answer.要表达“我们发现那个问题不容易答。”这一意思时，应说We found the question (was)not easy to answer.据此可排除A、B选项；只有D才是唯一正确选项。

7.The hairdresser now cuts _____ mens and womens hair.

A.any B.each C.both D.either

析：根据题干mens and womens hair ,可知应选与两者有关的代词，于是立即可排除A。由于each 和either不可直接修饰复数名词或复数名词所有格（应说each of …,either of…）,故又可排除B、D选项。只有both才能与其后的and构成both…and…结构。故正确答案是C。

8.--Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end ?

--If you keep still ,you can sit at _____end. (NMET)

A.neither B.each C.either D.any

析：一条船只有两头，any是指三者或三者以上，在此不合用。neither是“两者都不”，填入空白处意思不对；each意“两者或三者，三者以上每个人都…”，若填入此题空白，不合语境，因为一个人不能同时坐船的两头。只有选either(两者之一)才合此题情景。

9.--Have you finished your report yet ?

--No ,Ill finish in _____ ten minutes. (NMET)

A.less B.more C.other D.another

析： less后可直接跟形容词、副词、名词，象ten minutes这样的“数词＋名词”短语则不可直接放于less之后，只能放于less than之后，因此A项可排除。“再过/再用十分钟”可以说in ten more minutes ,ten minutes more ,another ten minutes ,据此可排除B项。至于other一词，因它不能表达“再、又”意，故也可排除。因此D为正确答案。

10.Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia. (NMET)

A.any B.any other C.other D.another

析：此题是加拿大与亚洲国家相比，无需other或another ,else这类词，故B、C、D应排除。因为any（任何）后可跟单数名词或复数名词，填入空白意思也合语境，所以A是正确答案。

代词专练

1.-- Which of the two dictionaries will you borrow ?

-- Ill borrow _____ ,for the different uses.

A.all B.both C.either D.neither

2._____ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.

A.Each B.Any C.No one D.None

3.We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _____ of us had _____ money on us.

A.all ;no B.any ;no C.none ;any D.no one ;any

4.They were all very tired ,but _____ of them would stop to take a rest.

A.neither B.none C.some D.any

5.There is a No.2 trolleybus and a No.24 bus ;_____ will take you there.

A.both B.either C.all D.any

6.As we were asleep ,_____ of us heard the sound.

A.both B.none C.either D.any

7.-- Which of the five may I use ?

-- Oh ,____.

A.any one B.anyone C.anything D.nothing

8.--Are the two answers correct ?

--No ,_____ correct.

A.no one is B.both are not C.neither is D.either is not

9.I asked him for some oil ,but he hadnt _____.

A.any B.some C.no D.anything

10.You have three English dictionaries ,but I have only two _____.

A.ones B.不填 C.the one D.the ones

11.I have a colour TV set.I want to sell ____.

A.one B.the one C.that D.it

12.This film is not so good as _____ we saw last week.

A.that B.it C.the one D.one

13._____ of us must go there and help him out.

A.One or other B.One by one

C.One or the other D.One or another

14.We all felt _____ to be the highest praise.

A.it B.that C.that one D.the one

15.Havent you read _____ English storices ?Please tell us an interesting one.

A.any B.all C.either D.some

16.-- Would you like _____ dumplings ?

-- No,thanks.

A.some B.another C.any D.all

17.If there is _____ chance ,I will try another.

A.one B.any C.some D.all

18.-- Are _____ here to take the college entrance exam ?

-- Yes ,we _____.

A.all you ;are all B.you all ;all are

C.all of you ;are all D.you of all ;all are

19.Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already

taken them.

A.one B.the ones C.some D.the others

20.-- Have you ever seen a snake alive ?

-- Yes ,Ive seen _____.

A.that B.so C.one D.it

21.-- Lily ,do you have an umbrella ?It is raining outside.

-- Yes ,but its _____.

A.small one B.small umbrella C.only a small one D.that one

22.Toms mother kept telling him that he should work hard ,but _____ didnt help.

A.this B.which C.any D.it

23.-- Have you got _____ red ink ?

-- Sorry ,I havent got _____.

A.some ;some B.any ;many C.some ;any D.any ;some

24.I prefer a street in a small town to _____ in such a large city as Shanghai.

A.that B.it C.this D.one

25.Sarad has read a lot of stories by American writers.Now she would like to

read _____ stories by writers from _____ countries.

A.some ;any B.other ;some C.some ;other D.other ;other

26.-- Is _____ here ?

-- No ,Bob and Tim have asked for leave.

A.anybody B.somebody C.everybody D.nobody

27.Our headmaster advised us that in order to succeed in life ,one has to be

honest with _____ friends.

A.their B.her C.ones D.our

28.I borrowed some books _____ myself ,but when I was going to read them ,the

lamp went out _____ itself and I had to sit in the dark _____ myself.

A.不填;for;by B.by;for;of C.for;of;by D.of;不填；by

29.When I first saw the old farmer ,I could hardly imagine _____ invented the

machine to pick cotton.

A.himself B.he himself C.he for himself D.he by himself

30.It is impossible for all the people to get the job ,because _____ of them

are not fit for it.

A.all of B.none of C.each of D.every one of

代词专练答案

1－5 B D C B B 6－10 B A C A B

11－15 D C A B D 16－20 A B B B C

21－25 C D C D C 26－30 C C C B A

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇14：NSEFC 届高三英语复习--主谓一致

主谓一致

（一）主谓一致的种类

1．语法形式上的一致

主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：

The number of the students present is 200.

Jane and Mary look alike.

2．意义上一致

1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting.

单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。

2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising.

形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。

3．就近原则

即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：

Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.

（二）主谓一致的应用

1．名词作主语

1）某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

His family is a happy one.

The whole family are watching TV.

这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。

名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd) of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。

2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：

The police are searching for the thief.

3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：

A sheep is over there.

Some sheep are over there.

4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：

The doctor’s is across the street.

My uncle’s is not far from here.

常见的省略名词有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。

表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：

Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.

5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：

Three years has passed since then.

6）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：

Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.

7）如果主语有more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：

More than one student has read the book.

Many a girl has been there.

但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：

More members than one are against your plan.

8）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：

A pair of shoes was on the desk.

9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

This kind of men is dangerous.

Men of this kind are dangerous.

10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：

The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)

The（These）glass works are near the railway station. （这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）

当它们前面有a, such a , this, that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means, no means, the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。

11）如果名词词组中心词是all，most, half, rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：

All of my classmates like music.

All of the water is gone.

12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：

Between the two windows hangs a picture.

2．由连接词连接的名词作主语

1）用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：

Plastics and rubber never rot.

Walking and riding are good exercises.

但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：

Truth and honesty is the best policy.

The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.

To love and to be loved is great happiness.

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.

A knife and fork is on the table.

2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数而定。如：

The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.

3）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.

Either you or he is to go.

3．代词作主语

1）名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：

Ours (Our Party) is a great party.

Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes) are brown.

2）such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如：

Such is our plan. Such are his words.

3）关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：

Those who want to go please put up your hands.

Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.

4）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：

Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu.

Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.

What produce(s) heat ?

5）不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：

单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数或复数形式，例如：

Now all has been changed. All are present.

either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。

但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：

Do(es) any of you know his address ?

None of them has(have)seen the film.

*应注意的问题

(1) 当句子的主语是one, 并要在句子中多次出现时，一般用第三人称单数代词来代替后面将出现的one

或one’s;当one在句子中泛指人时，在反意疑问句中也可用you来代替。例如：

1) One should never blame his friends when he friends when he finds himself in trouble.

2) One can’t be too careful, can you (one)?

4．分数、量词作主语

1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：

Lots of damage was caused by fire.

About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women.

和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”，但是，“the number of +名词”的中心词却是number, 试比较：

A number of students have gone home.

The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 注意：(large)quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：

Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.

短语in quantity, in large quantities意为“大量”；in small quantities意为“少量”。

2）a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：

A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.

Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.

3）表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table.

4）half of, (a) part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。

5．名词化的形容词作主语

如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：

The blind study in special schools.

The departed was a well-known engineer.

这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man, person或表示人的单数连和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier

6．从句作主语

1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：

What we need is more time.

What we need are doctors.

2）在“one of+复数名词++who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如：

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.

但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：

She was the only one of the girls who was late.

主谓一致练习

1. Each of you ______ responsible for the accident.

a. am b. be c. is d. are

2. Each man and woman ______ the same rights.

a. has b. have c. had d. is having

3. Every means ______ tried but without much result.

a. has been b. have been c. are d. is

4. There ______ in this room.

a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures

c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture

5. The manager or his assistant ______ planning to go.

a. were b. are c. was d. be

6. Not only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of playing basketball.

a. am b. is c. are d. was

7. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home.

a. is b. are c. has d. was

8. Either the dean or the principal ______ the meeting.

a. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended

9. ______ was wrong.

a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher

c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher

10. “______ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”

“I suppose so.”

a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were

11. Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.

a. are b. has c. is d. were

12. Most of his savings ______ in the Xin Hua Bank.

a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept

13. All that can be done ______.

a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done

14. One or perhaps more pages _______.

a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing

15. More than one worker ______ dismissed.

a. have been b. are c. has been d. has

16. Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language.

a. have realized b. has realize c. have been realized d. has been realized

17. The gas works ______ near the city.

a. is b. are c. were d. be

18. The surroundings of his house ______ clean now.

a. is b. are c. was d. were

19. The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours.

a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing

20. The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.

a. is b. was c. are d. has been

21. Cattle ______ on the hillside.

a. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing

22. Her politics ______ neither conservative nor liberal.

a. is b. are c. was d. has been

23. Measles ______ a kind of infectious illness.

a. is b. are c. were d. have been

24. The Philippines ______ to the south-east of China.

a. lies b. lie c. lay d. lays

25. Mary is one of the girls who ______ always on time.

a. is b. am c. are d. was

26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted.

a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going

27. What caused the accident ______ on the road.

a. were stone b. were stones c. was stone d. was stones

28. Wisky and soda ______ his favorite drink.

a. is b. are c. were d. have been

29. ______ is to attend our evening.

a. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancers

c. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer

30. The Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came.

a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having

31. No one except two students ______ the meeting.

a. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later for

32. All but him and me ______ to the exhibition.

a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going

33. Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job.

a. are b. were c. is d. was

34. The president, accompanied by his assistants, ______.

a. have arrived b. are arriving c. had arrived d. has arrived

35. A number of cars ______ in front of the park

a. is parked b. was parked c. are parked d. has parked

36. the number of articles published on smoking ______ amazing.

a. is b. are c. were d. have been

37. The majority of doctors ______ smoking is harmful to health.

a. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believe

38. The majority of the damage ______ easy to repair.

a. is b. are c. were d. be

39. Four-fifths of the crop ______.

a. are ruined b. was ruined c. were ruined d. have been ruined

40. Three-fourths of the buildings ______.

a. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed

41. Early to bed and early to rise ______ a man healthy, happy and wise.

a. making b. to make c. make d. makes

42. Mathematics ______ the language of science.

a. is b. has been c. are d. have been

43. The young ______ the vital forces in our society.

a. is b. has been c. are d. have been

44. Every man, woman and child ______ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.

a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known

45. None of them ______ my friends.

a. is b. are c. was d. has been

46. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society ______ to alter its attitude to racial problems.

a. need b. needs c. has a need d. have a need

47. Getting to other planets or to the moon _____ many problems.

a. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve

48. In that country, the rich ______ richer, the poor, poorer.

a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming

49. The project requires more labor than ______ because it is extremely difficult.

a. has been put in b. have been put in c. being put in d. to be put in

50. Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease ______ likely to develop it.

a. should be b. must be c. is d. are

主谓一致练习答案

1 C 11 C 21 D 31 C 41 D

2 A 12 D 22 B 32 C 42 D

3 A 13 B 23 A 33 C 43 C

4 D 14 C 24 A 34 D 44 A

5 C 15 C 25 C 35 C 45 B

6 C 16 B 26 A 36 A 46 B

7 B 17 A 27 D 37 D 47 B

8 A 18 B 28 A 38 A 48 A

9 D 19 D 29 D 39 B 49 A

10 B 20 C 30 D 40 C 50 C

篇15：主谓一致中的“表里不一”现象(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

主谓一致中的“表里不一”现象

和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，最基本的原则是：单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂，现在笔者把在教学中学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下，以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。

1、“more than one ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：

More than one teacher gets the flowers．不止一个教师得到了花。

2、“many a ＋名词”作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数。例如：Many a student has been sent to plant trees．很多学生被派去植树。

3、“half of，the rest of，most of，all of及百分数或分数＋of 等后接名词”作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。例如：

Three fourths of the surface of the Earth is covered with water．地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖。

4、all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用单数。例如：

“All are present and all is going well”，our manager said．我们经理说：“所有人全部到场了，一切进展顺利。”

5、what引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而定：表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，则用复数。例如：

What they want to get is a number of good books．他们想得到的是大量的好书。

6、and连接的两个单数名词前若用each、every、no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag．书包里没有书和钢笔。

7、当主语后面有as well as，with，along with，together with，but，like，rather than，except等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致。例如：

My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing．我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。

8、each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关。例如：

They each have a bike．他们每人有一辆自行车。

9、动词不定式、动词－ing形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：

Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit．晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。

10、the following 作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致。例如：

The following are some good examples．下面是一些好例子。

11、以－ics结尾的学科名词，如politics，physics，mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。以－s结尾的名词news，works，plastics等同属此类。例如：

Politics is now taught in all schools．现在各学校都开设政治课。

12、有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数（trousers，glasses，shoes等）作主语时，前面若有“一条”、“一副”、“一把”之类的单位词，动词用单数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则谓语动词用复数。例如：

The shoes are all right．这些鞋子都很合适。

13、“one and a half ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。例如：

One and a half apples is left on the table．桌子上有一个半苹果。

14、“one or two／more ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：

One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work．要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙。

15、“one of ＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在“the only one of ＋复数名词＋定语从句”的结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。例如：

He is one of the students who get there on time．他是准时到达那里的学生之一。

16、表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数，但若强调数量，谓语动词可用复数。例如：

One million dollars is a lot of money．一百万美元是一大笔钱。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇16：高三英语复习（主谓一致倒装句习惯用法交际用语）(人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

高三英语复习专题（主谓一致倒装句习惯用法交际用语）

(出题人：蔡炳成)

1. --Have you heard that Tian Liang, along with his parents, _______ to Canada ?

--Really ? No wonder I haven’t seen him these days.

A. has been B. has gone C. have been D. have gone

2. Over three-quarter of the city _______ destroyed in the Iraq War.

A. is B. are C. were D. was

3. This kind of story ________ instructive while stories of that kind _______ harmful to children.

A. is; seems B. are; seem C. is; seem D. are; seems

4. Everybody in our hometown, men and women, young and old, _______ sports and games.

A. fond of B. joins C. enjoys D. got in for

5. The Whites’ family, which _______ rather a large one, ________ very fond of their house.

A. were; re B. was ; were C. were; was D. was ; was

6. Not his son but his two daughters ________ to Canada, never to be seen again.

A. has gone B. have gone C. has been D. have been

7. When the injured _______ to the hospital, they came to ________.

A. was rushed ; life B. were rushed ; life

C. rushed ; lives D. were rushed ; lives

8. Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that _______ not fully understood.

A. are B. were C. is D. was

9. ________ visitors to Hong Kong were asked by newspaper reporters what their impressions of the people were.

A. The number of B. A numbers of C. Numbers of D. Any numbers of

10. Every possible means _________ tried but without much result.

A. have been B. had C. has D. has been

11. The rest of the story ________ no telling. Half of the students ______ no interest in it.

A. need ; has B. needs ; have C. needs ; has D. need ; have

12. John and Mary, ___ sure to come to our party this evening.

A. be B. are C. is D. to be

13. This is the only one of the books on the subject ________ ever been written in English.

A. that has B. which have C. that have D. which is

14. Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who ____ to visit the museum____ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning.

A. are, are B. is , is C. are, is D. is , are

15. A great many people_______ present at the meeting. But many a man ________ late for the meeting because of the traffic jam.

A. are; are B. is; is C. were; was D. was; are

16. He is one of the children who often ________ ill of others behind their backs.

A. have spoken B. were speaking C. speaks D. speak

17. It’s I who ________ the Christmas gift to you.

A. has sent B. have sent C. is going to fetch D. are going to fetch

18. What were your problems a year ago _______ mine now.

A. has become B. have become C. becomes D. became

19. Nowhere else in the world _______cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.

A. a tourist can find B. can a tourist find

C. a tourist will find D. a tourist has found

20. ----You seem to be an actor. ---____. I have played many parts in a lot of films.

A. So I am B. So am I C. So do I D. So I do

21. _____that we all went out, lying in the sun.

A. So fine was the weather B. So was the fine weather

C. The weather so fine was D. So the weather was fine

22. ____a nice man _______that we all believed him.

A. So; he seemed B. So; did he seem

C. Such; he seemed D. Such; did he seem

23. Not only _____working hard, but also ______very polite.

A. is the boy; he is B. is the boy; is he

C. the boy is; he is D. the boy is; is he

24. Not until _____ _____settle the problem.

A. he returns; can we B. he returns; we can

C. does he return; we can D. does he return; can we

25. Well _____know him and well ______know me.

A.I did; he did B. I did; did he C. did I; he did D. did I; did he

26. ______, he was unable to make such progress.

A. hard he has tried B. as hard as he tried

C. hard as he tried D. harder than he tried

27. There ______shouts for help from the river.

A. are coming B. did come C. comes D. come

28. Seeing many people coming, away_____.

A. the thief ran B. run the thief C. ran the thief D. did the thief run

29. Mr. Smith didn’t understand ______ made his son so upset this morning.

A. what was it B. why it was this C. how that was D. what it was that

30. -----Did you have a good sleep last night?

----Yes, never sleep _______.

A. badly B. better C. worse D. best

31. We are only _____ glad to do anything we can _______ her.

A. too; to help B. very; help C too; help D. very; helping

32. -----How come you are late for class again?

-------_____________.

A. Because I missed the bus B. By bus and then on foot

C. Please excuse me D. It’s quite wrong

33. _______ more than 3,000 languages in the world.

A. There are thought to be B. There is thought to be

C. They are thought to be D. It is thought to be

34. -----George is a wise person.

-----But in my opinion, he is ______ than wise.

A. cleverer B. braver C. more brave D. less brave

35. -----So can I ask you a few fairly straightforward questions about yourself?

-----No problem. I like ________ when people are open and direct.

A. that B. this C. it D. them

36. ----______I move the picture over here?

----I suppose it’ll look better.

A. How if B. What about C. How about D. What if

37. China has produced ______ this year as it did in .

A. as twice much steel B. twice steel as much

C. twice as much steel D. as much steel twice

38. -----_______was it ______ you discovered the secret of his?

------Totally by chance.

A. How; when B. What; that C. What; when D. How; that

39. -----Who on earth could it be?

------It was _______ other than Clint Eastwood.

A. none B. nothing C. not D. nobody

40. _____his age, he did it quite well, so don’t ______ him any more.

A Given; blame B. Considered; say C. To regard; scold D. Considering; speak

41. No sooner _____ themselves in their seats in the theatre ______ the curtain went up.

A. they have settled; before B. had they settled; than

C. have they settled; when D. they had settled; than

42. -----Did you meet with the famous space hero, Yang Liwei?

------______I had come here earlier!

A. If only B. If not C. But for D. For fear

43. The students expected __________ more reviewing classes before the final exams.

A. it would be B. there being C. it to be D. there to be

44. Students shouldn’t be given so difficult a problem _____ they can not work out.

A. that B. which C. while D. as

45. It was twelve o’clock at midnight _______ they arrived at a lonely village.

A. that B. before C. since D. when

46. -----The exam wasn’t difficult, was it?

-----No, but I don’t think ______could pass it.

A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody

47. -----I always take care when doing papers on the computer.

-----You meant it! One can not be _______careful working on it.

A. too B. very C. so D. quite

48. -----Is Miss White working these days?

-----No. It is two months since she worked here.

-----Oh, _____________?

A. where is she working now B. would you please show me the way

C. which is her office D. is she ill

49. ---I expect everything will turn out as you wish.

---_____.

A. All right B. The same to you C. No, thanks D. I’d like to

50. ---I’m sorry that I can’t attend your wedding.

---_____? Haven’t we agreed on it?

A. What is it B. Why don’t you C. What do you think D. How is it

51. ---Excuse me, sir. I’m writing a research paper on Chinese medicine. Do you mind answering a

few question?

----______.

A. Yes, please B. No, of course not C. Certainly D. By all means

52. ----Excuse me, could you tell me the time?

----Sorry, I don’t have my watch with me.

----_____

A. Thanks anyway B. Thanks a lot

C. I’m sorry to hear that D. What a pity

53. ----Would you like another cup of tea?

----____.

A. Why not B. Make yourself at home

C. Oh, sorry D. It’s very kind of you

54. ---I wish you wouldn’t have your TV so loud.

---____. Were you trying to sleep?

A. That’s all right B. OK C. Sorry D. Thank you

55. ----How is everything, Rose?

---____.

A. Very well, thank you B. Not too bad

C. I’m all right, thanks D. Not at all

56. ---Why didn’t you tell Ann the truth?

---_____.

A. Yes, I was afraid to be scolded by her B. No, but I wanted to

C. But I did D. I always hate telling lies

57. ---Not all present would believe what the report said, I’m afraid.

---____.

A. So do I B. Nor am I C. I agree D. I’m afraid, too

58. ---Here you are at last!

---____.

A. Are you all right B. Yes, I’m here

C. Sorry to have kept you waiting D. You are here, too

59. ---Please excuse me, but I really have to be going.

---Yes, of course. ____.

A. The same to me B. That’s OK C. Thanks a lot D. Nice seeing you.

60. ---Tom, would you like to come to our dinner party?

---_____.

A. Yes, I would B. Yes, with pleasure

C. No, I can’t come D. Sure, it’s my pleasure

61. ---______ at the new school?

---Fine. I’ve got used to the life there and I’ve made some friend.

A. How are you B. How are you doing

C. Are you getting on well D. How do you do

62. ---Cliff, I lost your bike at school. I suppose I should pay for it.

---Oh, _______. It was an old bike anyway.

A. Forget it B. Take it easy C. OK D. Don’t say so

63. ---I’m going to travel to America. Would you tell me something about your experiences there?

---_____. Let’s discuss it over dinner.

A. That’s all right B. By all means C. Go ahead D. It just depends

64. ---Shall I help you with the suitcase? ---_______.

A. It’s all right, thanks B. Yes, go ahead please

C. I don’t want to trouble you too much D. No, please don’t do it

65. ---You can’t finish the book in less than an hour, I suppose? ---_________.

A. Yes, I’m sure I can B. No, hardly

C. Sorry, I can’t D. I don’t think I can

66. ---How are things going with you? ---________.

A. Quite well, thank you B. Good. And you?

C. Good. Why not? D. No, just so-so.

KEY:

1-5 BDCCB 6-10 BBACD 11-15 BAACC 16-20 DBBBA 21-25 ADAAD 26-30 CDCDB 31-35 AAACC 36-40 DCDAA 41-45 BADDD 46-50 CAABD 51-55 BADCB 56-60 CCCDB 61-66 BABAAA

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇17：语法复习：句子成分+常用句式 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法复习：句子成分+常用句式

一、句子成分

句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

练习一

1、用符号划出下列短文各句中的句子成分：

I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.

2、给下列文字加上标点符号。

During a bullfight a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring the crowd began to shout but the drunk didn't realized the danger the bull was busy with the matador (斗牛士) at the time but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was wearing a red cap the bull forgot all about the matador and rushed to the drunk the crowd suddenly grew quiet the drunk however seemed quite sure of himself when the bull got close him he stepped aside to let it pass the crowd burst into cheers and the drunk bowed by this time however three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk outside even the bull seemed to fell sorry for him for it looked on sympathetically(同情地) until the drunk was out of the way before once more drew its attention to the matador.

The answer: During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk didn't realize the danger. The bull was busy with the matador (斗牛士) at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was wearing a red cap. The bull forgot all about the matador and rushed to the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close him he stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd burst into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk outside. even the bull seemed to fell sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically(同情地) until the drunk was out of the way before once more drew its attention to the matador.

二、常用句式

按句子的用途可分四种：

1）陈述句（肯定、否定）

否定句型

一般否定句：（改为否定句）

He dares to tell the truth. He doesn’t dare to tell the truth.

He used to live in a quiet village. He used not to live in a quiet village.(He didn’t use to)

He has two brothers. He doesn’t have two brothers./He has not two brothers.

He has two pieces of bread for breakfast. He doesn’t have two pieces of bread for breakfast.

He has to copy other’s idea. He doesn’t have to copy others’ idea.

半否定句

We hardly/seldom/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.

I know little Spanish. I saw few people.

特指否定

I don’t think/believe/guess/suppose/imagine you are right.

部分否定

All the answers are not right

All is not gold that glitters

I don't know all of them.

I can't see everybody/everything.

Both of them are not right.

2) 疑问句型

反意疑问句及回答

He is a teacher, isn't he? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t

It isn’t that cheap, is it? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t

You must have told lies yesterday at the court, didn’t you?

否定疑问句及回答

Haven’t the police found the murderer? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t

3).祈使句：

祈使句的反意疑问句及回答Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class; You, clean the kitchen today. Will you?

4）感叹句：

The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）How brightly the moon is shining!

按句子的结构可分三种

（一）简单句

I、主语+谓语：

It is raining now.

We've worked for 5 hours.

The meeting lasted half an hour.

Time flies.

这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, ,jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect.

1. 让我们立即行动起来. (act)

Let’s act at once/ immediately

2. 乌云低沉沉的,天下着大雪.(hang,)

Dark clouds hung overhead, and a heavy snow fell/ it snows heavily.

3. 恰好他身边有钱. (happen)

He happened to have some money with him.

4. 慢慢地她脸上露出了一丝笑容. (appear)

Gradually a smile appeared on her face.

5. 背起书包我急忙赶到学校. (hurry)

I hurried to the school with my schoolbag.

6. 他满面笑容. (smile)

He is smiling all over his face. OR: He wears a smile on his face.

7. 我英文学得不错. (do)

I did well in English.

II.主语+系动词+表语：

常见的系动词有： be, look, feel, prove, sound, taste, smell, seems, appear, stay, keep, go, come, get, turn, become, remain等。

1. 从自行车上掉下来, 他受了伤. (get)

He fell of his bike and got hurt.

2. 他提的意见证明是正确的. (prove)

His advice proved (to be) right.

3. 商店开到八点. (stay)

The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.

4. 机器出了毛病. (go)

The machine went wrong.

5. 这些努力似乎全都白费了. (seem)

All these efforts seem in vain

6. 这话听起来有道理. (sound)

These words sound reasonable.

7. 房里一会儿就挤满了人. (become)

The room soon became crowded.

III、主语+谓语+宾语：可分为以下几种情况：

⑴ 主语+谓语+宾语

⑵ 主语+谓语+宾语(人+物)

间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等。

⑶ 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补

1. 祝一路平安.

Wish you a pleasant journey.

2. 你让我等了三个钟头。

You keep me waiting for three hours.

3. 他捡起了香蕉皮扔到了垃圾箱里。

He picked up the banana peel and threw it in the dustbin.

4. 给我几分钟考虑一下。

Give me a few minutes to think.

5. 我去开门。

I’ll go and answer the door.

IV. “There be” 的句型（即 there be +主语+地点/时间状语），其中be 动词可以有各种时态变化，可替代的词有：used to be, seems to be, happen to be, live, stand, lie, sit, come, seem, exist.

There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.

There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.

There came a shout for “help”.

There must have been a village here.

1. 最近几年,这个村庄发生了巨大的变化. (be)

Recently there have been great changes in this village.

2. 恰好河上有座桥. (happen)

There happens to be a bridge over the river.

3. 过去这条河上有座桥. (used to)

There used to be a river over the river.

4. 他的回答应该没有什么可怀疑的。（should）

There should be nothing doubtful.

5．山顶上有一个塔. (stand)

There stands a tower on top of the hill.

6．十字路口处站着一个警察. (stand)

There stands a policeman at the crossing.

（二）并列句

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。

2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。

3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。

4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。

（三）复合句

综合填空：

1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.

A. and B. or C. if D. so

2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____?

A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it

3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!

A. How B. What C. What a D. What an

4. Let us pass, ____?

A. shan’t we B. shall we C. won’t we D. will you

5. I suppose he’s serious, ____ ?

A. do I B. don’t I C. is he D. isn’t he

6. You had better not smoke here, ____?

A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you

7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.

A. then B. but C. and D. or

8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.

A. and B. but C. so D. because

9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.

A. Henry hasn’t too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry

10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.

A. or B. for C. while D. so

11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?

---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so

12. ---- “____ is the temperature today?” ----“It’s 38 degrees.”

A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high

13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he? ---- ____.

A. Yes, he isn’t B. No, he isn’t C. No, he is D. He is

14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!

A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is

15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.

A. or B. so C. for D. yet

16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made

17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.

A. but B. and C. or D. yet

18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.

---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.

A. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me

19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.

A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he

20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.

A. since B. but C. because D. so

21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.

A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn

22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.

A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but

23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.

A. and B. so C. as D. but

24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?

A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise

25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.

A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived

26. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointed

27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

A. whom B. where C. which D. while

28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.

A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave

29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? ---- But I fed it yesterday.

A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you

30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.

A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch

31. Excuse me for breaking in,_____ I have some good news for you.

A. so B. and C. but D. yet

32. The Parkers bought a new house but ______ will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A. they B. it C. one D. which

33. You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday, _______?

A. had you B. hadn't you C. did you D. didn't you

34. ______ some of this juice--perhaps you'll like it.

A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried

35. One more week, _________ we will accomplish the task.

A. or B. so that C. and D. if

36. There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _____?

A. didn't they B. don't they C. mustn't they D. haven't they

37. Be sure to write to us,______?

A. will you B. aren't you C. can you D. mustn't you

38. ______from Beijing to London!

A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it

C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is

39. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ________?

A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you

40. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising TV is illegal, ______?

A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he

41. There are eight tips in Dr Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is: ______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.

A. doesn’t go B. not to go C. not going D. don’t go

42. ________ straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.

A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going

1~5 ACADD 6~10 BCBDC 11~15 ADBCC 16~20 ABADB 21~25 DDDCD 26~30 ADDBD

31-35 CBDBC 36-40 D ADBA 41-42DA

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇18：高三语法复习：状语从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

高三语法复习：

状语从句

1.时间状语从句。

引导时间状语从句的有：when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, no sooner…than…, hardly…when…等。

（1） When, while和 as

When既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用与主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。while引导的从句中谓语动词必须是能够延续的动词，强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重动作的持续性和对比性。如：While I was sitting there, he told me an interesting story．as用于引导“在某行为的继续中发生某事”的“继续之行为”，所以多与过去进行时连用。并常用来表示两种发展变化中的情况。

When they came home, I was cooking dinner.

She watched TV while (she was) eating.

As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for directions to the nearest station.

As the day went on, the weather got worse.

(2) 时间状语从句还有几个特殊的引导词。

如：every time, each time, next time, the day, the year, the minute, the moment 和副词immediately, directly, instantly等.

a.Every time I saw him, I would like to listen to his songs.

b.I came to the house the moment he was about to leave.

c.I recognized her the minute I saw her.

d. He left Europe the year World War II broke out.

e. My sister came directly(=as soon as) she got my message.

f. The machine will start instantly you press the button.

(3) since 和 before 的用法异同。

It is/ has been + some time+ since+ sb did sth.

It was / is / will be + some time+ before sb did/ do sth

It is just a week since we arrived here.

It’s a long time since I met you last.

How long is it since you were in Ningbo ?

It was years before I came back from abroad. It will be five years before we meet again.

It wasn’t long before he came back..

since 其后的动词不同,起算的时间也不同.

since + 瞬间动词过去式 (从该动作发生时算起)

since + 持续性动词的过去式 ( 从该动作结束时算起)

He worked very hard since he entered the factory.

We haven’t seen each other since I worked in the factory.

(从我不在厂工作以来……)

She has never been to visit me since I was ill. (病愈以来)

(4)till& until意义相同，多数情况下可换用，但用以强调，句首多用until；在强调结构或与not连用时多用until。例如：Nothing can be done till/ until the boss returns.

I waited for him until he came back.

He didn’t go to bed until he had finished the work.

Until we know the facts, we can’t do anything about it.

(5) no sooner…than, hardly…when和scarcely… before相当于as soon as之意, 其引导的从句中谓语动词要用 had done。当 hardly, scarcely和 no sooner置于句首时,语气较强, 主句的谓语要部分倒装. 例如:

We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.

Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.

The spy had no sooner returned home than he was told to go to another country.

No sooner had the spy returned home than he was told to go to another country.

2. 地点状语从句由where或 wherever引导，在主句前，后均可．

where 表特指，wherever表泛指

I found the books where I left them.

Make a mark where you have any questions.

Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home.

(1) 地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。如：

Where there’s a will, there’s a way.

Wherever there’s plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.

(2) where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。Where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词,而在定语从句中 where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。如：

Go back where you came from

Go back to the village where you came from.

Bamboo grows best where it’s wet and rainy.

Bamboo grows best in places where it’s wet and rainy.

3. 原因状语从句because, since, as, for,

because表直接的原因,语气最强.

since “既然”:一般放在句首,表已知的原因,全句重在交代结果,语气比because弱.

as 放在句首或句末,说明因果关系,语气较弱,重点在主句,译作“由于”for表间接原因，用来补述内容．放在主句后.语气最弱.

Since (As) it was raining, you ‘d better take a taxi.

Because he is ill, he is absent today.

He must be ill, for he is absent today.

As he is from the south, he is unaccustomed to the dry weather in Beijing.

在强调句型中,引导从句只能用because, 不能用 since或as.

It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with us.

4. 条件状语从句

引导词: if, unless, so/ as long as用一般现在时表示一般将来时

In case anything important happens, please call me up.

I’ll lend it to you as long as you handle it with care.

if only(要是…就好了; 但愿) 常表示愿望或一未实现的条件,尤用于感叹句.

If only he arrives in time!

If only I had met him earlier!

If only it would stop raining!

on condition(that)=provided (that) =providing (that) ( 假若; 倘使)

supposing (that) =if

You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank.

I’ll go providing my wages are paid.

Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?

*在条件状语从句中,如果条件状语从句的主语同主句主语一致或是无人称代词, 从句的谓语动词或助动词 be, 可将从句的主语和动词 be一起省略.

If (it is) necessary, I’ll go with him.

If (it is) important, I’ll write this article.

目的和结果状语从句

目的:so that… in order that… ( 情态动词)

结果: so that, so/ such… thatHe studied even harder so that he might catch up with the top students in a possible short period.

He studied even harder so that he caught up with the other students.

He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.There are so many people in the room that we could’t get in.

方式状语从句

方式状语从句放在主句之后，用as, just as, as if, as though 等引导。

注意:

1) as 表行为方式

2) as if 引导的从句表示与事实相反或不可能实现时,从句用虚拟语气。

比较状语从句

引导词: than, as… as,

the more… the more…He didn’t do as much as he had

promised.

Now we can produce much more

steel than Japan.

The higher you stand, The farther you will see.

注意被比较的内容应一致

The weather here is hotter than that( = the weather) in your hometown.The girls in your class are more active than those in our class.

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇19：第十三章主谓一致 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)

第十三章主谓一致

主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数，需仔细推敲。处理主谓一致要注意语法一致，意义上一致和就近一致。

高考重点要求：

1. 根据主谓一致的三个原则(语法一致,意义一致，就近一致), 判断和确定句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致

2. 掌握固定词组作主语,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致

第一节知识点概述

一、语法上的一致

一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：

Learning English is very important.

学习英语是很重要的。

The girl together with her two sisters has left for Nanjing.

Both Bob and Tom are my friends.

但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人，同一类物，谓语动词要用单数形式。

例如：A singer and dancer is going to attend our meeting.

由and连接的并列单数主语前，如果分别有each, every等修饰时，谓语要用单数。

例如：Every boy and every girl was given a present.

Each word and each phrase in the dictionary is important.

二、意义上的一致

主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。

例如：It seems to me that five years is so short a time.

Two hundred dollars was spent on the books.

有些集体名词，如family, group, class等作主语时，作为整体看待，谓语动词要用单数，就其中一个个成员而言，谓语要用复数。

例如：My family is a happy one.

My family are watching TV.

三、就近一致

出现几个主语时，谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。There be, Here be句型中动词的单复数必须与后置的第一个主语保持一致。当be后面的主语有两个或两个以上的并列成分时，be动词往往与最邻近的一个一致。

例如：There is an orange, two apples and many bananas on the table.

There are two books and a dictionary on the desk.

两个做主语的名词或代词由either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also等连接时，谓语动词用靠近原则。

例如：Neither you nor I am right.

Not only the students but also the teacher is going to attend the meeting.

但如果用as well as连接两个主语用靠前原则

例如：Mary as well as you is my friend.

第二节实战演练

一、复习时需注意的要点

1、集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数，看作各个成员时，谓语用复数。

例如：His family isn’t large.

His family are all fond of music.

2、些名词如news, maths, physics等虽然有词尾“s”但意义上是单数，谓语动词要用单数。

例如：The news is wonderful.

Physics is an interesting subject.

3、由数词+表示重量、里程、时间、金钱等名词所构成的复数名词主语，是当作一个整体看待的，后面用单数动词。

例如：Five minutes is too short.

Ten dollars is enough.

4、主语后面跟有介词with或together with 引导的短语时，谓语动词一般与前面的主语的人称和数一致。

例如：The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment in the lab.

5、主语前有every或each修饰时，无论有几个主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如：Every teacher and every student in our school has been to the Century Park.

二、历届高考试题分析

例1、He is the only one of the students who _______a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is B. are C. have been D. has been

答案为D。

【解析】这是一个定语从句。在one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式：one of the students中的先行词是the students，定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式。the only one of the students中的先行词是the only one，定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。又因“for three years”是完成时的标志。

例2、Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.

A. work B. working C. is working D. are working

答案：C

【解析】 Professor Smith决定谓语动词的数；his assistants和谓语动词的数无关。

例3、Not only ______interested in football but ______beginning to show an interest in it.

A. the teacher himself is … all his students are

B. the teacher himself is …are all his students

C. is the teacher himself …are all his students

D. is the teacher himself …all his students are

答案为D.

【解析】 not only …but (also )连结两个句子，用部分倒装。

例4、----“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _____ to go to university.”

----“So do I.”

A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped

答案为B。

【解析】 “each of +名词复数”谓语用单数。

例5、E-mail, as well as telephone, ______ an important part in daily communication.

A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. hoped

答案为A。

【解析】本题考察主谓一致，当主语后面跟有as well as短语时，其后的谓语动词不受as well as之后的名词影响，仍然和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

例6、Books of this kind ______ well.

A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold

答案为A。

【解析】 “kind(s) of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数依kind 单复数而定；“复数名词 + of this/that kind ”作主语时，谓语动词的数依of 前面的名词而定。本题中sell 用作不及物动词表示“销售”。

例7、Every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used

答案为C。

【解析】 mean单数复数一个形式。在本题中代表单数。

例8、When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet.

A. are not decided B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided D. has not been decided

答案为D。

【解析】不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数。

例9、The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different

reasons.

A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were

答案为C。

【解析】 “the number of” 表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；“a number of”表示“许多”，谓语用复数。

例10、______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.

A. Two fifth…is B. Two fifth…are C. Two fifths…is D. Two fifths…are

答案为C。

【解析】考察数词和主谓一致。分数词在句中作主语时，谓语动词必须跟分数词所修饰的名词保持数的一致。

第三节巩固练习

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. His “Selected Poems” ______ first published in 1965.

A. were B. was C. has been D. were

2. All but one ______ here just now.

A. is B. was C. has been D. were

3. Seventy percent of the students here ______ from the country side.

A. is B. are C. comes D. has come

4. More than 60 percent of world’s radio programmes ______ in English.

A. is B. was C. are D. be

5. The whole class ______ the teacher attentively.

A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening

6. The United States of America ______ one of the most developed countries in the world.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

7. The air in big cities ______ very dirty by factories.

A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made

8. A large number of students of this school _______ fond of playing football.

A. are B. was C. is D. be

9. Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.

A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study

10. I, who ______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your lessons.

A. be B. am C. are D. is

11. Ten dollars ______a big sum for a small child , and they will go a long way .

A. are B. being C. have D. is

12. The rich ______ not always happy.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

13. Apples of this kind _______.

A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well

14. The Olympic Games _______ held every _______ years.

A. is…four B. are…four C. is…five D. are…five

15. No one but her parents ______ it.

A. know B. knows C. is knowing d. are knowing

16. ______ a good enough price for this book.

A. Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C. Two yuans is D. Two yuan is

17. No bird and no beast _______ in the lonely island.

A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees

18. The news of victories ______ spreading far and wide.

A. is B. are C. have been D. were

19.Few of his family ______ with his imaginative ideas.

A. agree B. agrees C. are agreed D. is agreed

20. The paper for books and newspapers _____ made of wood.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

21. Neither your mother nor you ______ at home.

A. am B. is C. are D. be

22. It is she who _______ wrong.

A. is B. am C. are D. has been

23. ________ well looked after in that hospital.

A. Wounded are B. Wounded is C. The wounded are D. The wounded is

24. Twenty of us are old. The rest _______ young.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

25. The Smiths ______ to move into the new building.

A. are B. is C. has D. will

26. It is said the police _______ trying their best to catch the murderer.

A. have B. has C. is D. are

27. Here ______ a new pair of shoes for you.

A. is B. are c. have D. has

28. The best ______ still unknown.

A. is B. are C. be D. were

29. We each _______ to pass the entrance examinations.

A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. is hoping

30. Bread and butter ______ a kind of food.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

31. The watch and chain ______ of gold.

A. is made B. are made C. were made D. am made

32. Half the eggs ______ bad.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

33. ______ this pair of glasses ______ her well?

A. Is…fit B. Do…fit C. Does…fit D. Are…fit

34. About eighty percent of the students in his class ______ below sixteen.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

35. There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

36. A large quantity of water pipes ______ needed.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

37. Large quantities of paper ______ wasted.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

38. How and why he ______ come to Princeton, New Jersey ______ a story of struggle, success and sadness.

A. had…was B. had… are C. had… has d. had… have

39. Not only I but also Jessie and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another.

A. is B. are C. am d. be

40.My driving licence , rather than my credit cards, ______lost .,

A. have B. are C. is D. has

41. Nobody but Jane and Mary ______ secret.

A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known

42. A great deal of ______ was done to crops.

A. damages B. damaging C. damage D. ruin

43. -Do you want the pants?

-My pants ______ laid in bed.

A. is B. was C. are D. being

44. I told him what I was surprised ______ his attitude towards his study.

A. is B. was C. at is D. at was

45. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest _______ more difficult.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

46. They each ______ a new dictionary.

A. has B. have C. is D. are

47.The pilot as well as four of the passengers ______death .

A. has escaped B. have escaped C. has been escaped D. have been escaped

48. Every hour and every minute ______ important.

A. are B. were C. is D. will

49. Nobody except Bill and Johnny ______entered the second round of the interview.

A. have B. has C. have been D. has been

50. He is one of the old scientists who ______nothing about his personal income and fame .

A. cares B. care C. is caring D. are caring

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