以下是小编精心整理的南京高二英语专项训练 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)（共含18篇），希望对大家有所帮助。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“陈的的”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
2南京高二英语专项训练
005-10-30
非谓语动词
基础过关题
1.Mike didn’t start ____ the importance of a foreign language till he graduated from school.
A. knowing B. to know C. know D. to have know
2.------- Why was a special meeting called ?
------_____ a new chairman.
A. To elect B. Electing C. Our electing D. Elected
3.----- Why did Bob sweep?
------He couldn’t bear _____ like that before the whole class.
A. making fun of B. being made fun of C. to be laugh at D. being made fun
4.At the shopping center ,he didn’t know what ____ and ____ with an empty bag.
A. to buy ; leave B. to be bought ; left C. to buy ; left D. was to buy ; leave
5.The students are forbidden , unless they have special passes ,_____ after 11 pm.
A. to stay out B. from staying out C. staying out D. not to stay out
6.The policeman put down the phone ,____ with a smile on his face.
A. satisfied B. satisfying C. to be satisfied D. having satisfied
7._____ , your composition is full of mistakes.
A. Writing carelessly B. Written carelessly
C. Having written carelessly D. Being written carelessly
8.She made a candle , ____ us light .
A. give B. gave C. to give D. given
9.------What do you suppose made her worried ?
----- _____ a gold ring.
A. Lose B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
10.I know it’s not important , but I can’t help _____ about it.
A. to think B. and think C. thinking D. being thought
11.The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party .
A. cooked B. to be cooked C. is being cooked D. being cooked
12. A kind old gentleman offered ____ my bags to the taxi stand .
A. his help carried B. carrying C. me to carry D. to help to carry
13. I could feel the wind ____ on my face from an open window .
A. to blow B. blowing C. to be blowing D. brown
14. ------What terrible weather ! I simply can’t get the car ____.
----- Why not try ____ the engine with some hot water.
A. started ; filling B. start ; filling C. started ; to fill D. to start ; fill
15. Nearly every great building in Beijing was built _____ south.
A. to face B. facing C. to have played D. being facing
16. As I am away for at least a year , I’d appreciate _____ from you now and then _____ me how everyone is getting along.
A. hearing ; tell B. to hear ; tell C. hearing ; telling D. to hear ; to tell
17. Such _____ the case , I couldn’t help but _____ him.
A. being ; support B. is ; to support C. has been ; supporting D. be ; supported
18.At the shopping center ,he didn’t know what ____ and ____ with an empty bag.
A. to buy ; leave B. to be bought ; left C. to buy ; left D. was to buy ; leave
19. In some parts of London, missing a bus means_________ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
20. When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
21.In order to make our city green, _________.
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant
C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees
22.The teacher asked us ____ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
23. ______time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
24.Mr. Smith, ______of the ______speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring B. tiring ; bored C. tired ; bored D. tiring; boring
25.They're not very good, but we like______.
A. anyway to play basketball with them B. to play basketball with them anyway
C. to play with them basketball anyway D. with them to play basketball anyway
26.He sent me an e-mail, ________to get further information.
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
27.One learns a language by making mistakes and _________them.
A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct
28. Prices of daily goods _________through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
29. You will find the word “psychology” _____ under “P” in the dictionary.
A. have listed B. list C. listed D. listing
30.Sandy could do nothing but ____ to his mother that he was wrong.
A. admitting B. admits C. admit D. to admit
能力提高题
1.- What do you think made Mary so upset? (上海)
-______her new bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
2.The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students. (NMET 1997)
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
3. Finding her car stolen, _________.（. 上海）
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman
4 He hurried to the hospital ____ his breakfast ____.（NEPCS. 江苏初赛卷）
A. left… unfinished B. leaving… unfinished C. leaving…unfinishing D. left… unfinishing
5.______ mud on his trousers brushes off easily.
A. Drying B. Having dried C. Being dry D. Dried
6. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ______if a mirror was broken.
A. was certain of striking B. was certain of having struck
C. was certain to be struck D. was certain to strike
7.Though ______money, his parents managed to send him to university. (.上海.33)
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
8. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases________ only to people, with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known . C. to be known D. known
9. He had no money _____ a birthday present for her children.
A. to buy with B. buying C. bought D .with which to buy
10. A doctor can expect ____ at any hour of the day or night .
A. calling B. to call C. being called D. to be called
11. With his son _____ , the old man felt _______.
A. to be disappointed/disappointed B. disappointing/disappointed
C. being disappointed/disappointed D. to disappoint/disappointed
12. It was ______ computer games that cost the boy a lot of the time that he ought to have spent on his lessens.
A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played
13.And there , almost_____ in the big chair , sat her little brother , who never had to be told to keep quiet.
A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost
14. _____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
15. From the dates ____ on the gold coins, it is conformed that it was made five hundred years ago .
A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked
16. The students expected there _____ more reviewing classes before the final exams.
A. is B. to be C. being D. have been
17.____ all over the hill and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.
A. To grow B. Growing C. Grown D. Grow
18. You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had _____ her children .
A. brought up B. to bring up C. bringing up D. to have brought up
19. ------ Where should I send my form ?
------ The Personnel office is the place _____ .
A. for sending it B. to send it to C. to send D. to send it
20. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _______in making the earth a better place to live. 【.上海春招，38】
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing
21. Tony was very unhappy for _______to the party. 【2000.上海.40】
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
22. ]______ the airport, I found Mary ______ to meet me.
A. On reaching, waiting for B. On arriving at, waiting
C. Getting, to be waiting D. Arriving in, to wait
23.The weather is ________ cold.
A. freezing B. frozen C. freeze D. froze
24.________ what he was asked to, he decided to stay behind.
A. Having not finished B. Not finished C. Not having finished D. Not finishing
25.How fine ______ hands like a man.
A. your B. it is to have C. you have D. are you
26.The mother heard her son shouting and ______ out as quickly as possible.
A. go B. went C. going D. gone
27.Robert is said ____ abroad , but I don’t know what country he studied in .
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studied
28. ____ some of this juice- perhaps you’ll like it. ( NMET2000 年)北京、安徽春招)
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried
29. There are five pairs ____ , but I’m at a loss which to buy. ( NMET99上海高考)
A. to be chosen B. to chose from C. to choose D. for choosing
30. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
--The key________ the problem is to meet the demand_______ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C to solve; making D. to solve; made
高考冲刺题
1.Which do you enjoy ____ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?
A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend
2.____ Sunday , the students are at home.
A. Being B. To be C. It is D. It being
3. All the things ____ , his proposal is of greater value than yours.
A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. consider
4. He hurried to the station ,____ the 9:30 train had already left .
A. to find B. found C. only to find D. only finding
5. _____ time and labor ,cartoonists generally draw the hands of the characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.
A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved
6. The story ____ by the writer is very _____ with many middle school students in China.
A. . /… popular B. written… welcome C. writing… agreed D. wrote… pleased
7. Can you imagine a little boy ____ a stranger _____ into the house and _____ a box away?
A. notice… enter… steal B. watching… come… taking
C. found…going…get D. seeing… steal… carry
8.____ what he had done, he hung his head and said nothing.
A. To be asked B. When asked C. Having asked D. When asking
9. ____he said _____to hurt you.
A. That , didn’t mean B. Which, meant C. What, didn’t mean D. As, meant
10.He made another window ____ more air.
A. get B. getting C. to get D. be getting
11. I was much disappointed to see the watch I had had ______stopped again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
12.There is something wrong with the machine. Can you get it _____?
A. gone B. to go C. going D. to be going
13. His house was damaged by a ________ tree on a stormy night.
A. fallen B. falling C. to fall D. fell
14.The teacher forbids______ during the examination.
A. talking B. to talk C. us to talk D. A or C
15.At his appearance on the stage again, they had _______ feelings of ______ and joy.
A. mixing, surprising B. mixture, surprised C. mixed, surprise D. mix, surprise
16. She dislikes _______ in public.
A. to be made fun of B. being made fun C. being made fun of D. to be made fun
17. We must________ pollution ________ more happily.
A. prevent, from living B. stop, living C. prevent, to live D. keep, living
18.The girl spent as much time as she ______ her lessons.
A. could going B. could go over C. went over D. goes over
19.He stood on the roof for a while and then ______ down.
A. jumping B. to jump C. jumped D. was jumping
20. I was cycling in the street when I heard an old woman _____ out a _____ cry and then saw her bleeding badly.
A. give, frightening B. give, frightened C. to give, frightening D. to give, frightened
21.She looked forward to his coming back as much as he himself ______ her.
A. to see B. to seeing C. saw D. seeing
22. Friendship is like money: easier made than ________. (2003 .上海春招, 35)
A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept
23._______ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend B. The president to attend
C. The president attended D. The president's attending
24.Unless________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
25. The discovery of new evidence led to ______.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
26.Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
27An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ____ clear warnings before firing any shots. (2003.上海,43)
A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
28. ____the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
29. As we joined the big crow I get _____ from my friend.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
30. How about the two of us _______ a walk down the garden.
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
Keys. 基础过关题1-5 BABCA 6-10 ABCCC 11-15 DDBAB 16-20 CACAA
21-25 DDDAB 26-30 BBBCC
能力提高题 1-5 CDDBD 6-10 DCDDD 11-15 BBDCB 16-20 BBCBB
21-25 DBACB 26-30 BABBB
高考冲刺题 1-5 BABCA 6-10 ABCCC 11-15 DDBAB 16-20 CACAA
21-25 DDDAB 26-30 BBBCC
责任编辑：李芳芳
语法专项训练
第一节 名词
▲ 知识要点总述
一、 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。
1． 不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，主要有专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词。常考的有：advice, news, progress, money, furniture, fun, weather, information, luck, housework, wood, rice, grass, soap, medicine, work, bread, meat, wealth, music等。
2． 可数名词有单、复数之分，但下列名词常以复数形式出现。
Manners(礼貌), goods(货物), sands(河滩), ashes(灰烬), glasses(眼镜), make preparations for(准备), congratulations(祝贺), drinks(饮料), works(著作), tears(眼泪), regards(问候), thanks(感谢), trousers(裤子), clothes(衣服), sports(运动), plastics (塑料制品), means(方法手段)
3． 部分词可数、不可数意义不同。如：a paper(报纸); word(消息); a word(词)。
二、 抽象名词具体化，不可数名词与可数名词的转化也是高考常考知识。
1． 部分抽象名词前有形容词修饰时，常须加冠词。
a bright future, have a good/ nice/ wonderful time, a great help, a good education, a wonderful supper/ lunch/ dinner
2． 与动词同形的名词构成的短语常加冠词。
have a look, go for a walk, have a smoke, make an answer, have a sleep
3． 部分情绪或心理活动的情感名词，表示抽象概念时，不可数；表示具体的事时，可数。如：
surprise (u.) 惊奇，诧异 in surprise
(c.) 令人惊奇的事 What a surprise!
pity (u.) 怜悯，同情 have pity on sb.
(c.) 可惜的事，憾事 It’s a pity
pleasure (u.) 愉快，高兴 with pleasure
(c.) 乐趣，乐事 It is a pleasure.
三、 名词直接作定语与名词所有格作定语不一样，名词作定语主要有：
1． 表示类别：
coffee cup (咖啡杯) man doctor (男医生)
English lesson (英语课) college student (大学生)
shoe shop (鞋店) street light (路灯)
2． 表示原材料：
stone house (石头房子) straw hat (草帽)
wood desk (木桌) paper money (纸币)
3． 表示用途
lunch room (午餐室) sports field (运动场)
注：（1）名词作定语一般用单数，但某些须用复数形式；
a clothes shop, s sports meet, a sales girl, a goods train
(2) man, women 通常与名词一起变复数
men teachers, women drivers
(3) 所有格作定语与名词直接作定语意义不一样
a man driver (男司机)， a man’s driver (男士的司机)
四、 名词的所有格
1． 在词尾加’s 表示“所属、所有”。
（1） 有生命的或被看作有生命名词的所有格一般加’s。
如：the worker’s name, the government’s plan, his brother’s bike, women’s Day
（2）表示国家、城市、时间、度量、天体、价值等无生命的名词的所有格加’s。如：China’s industry, the earth’s satellite, the Party’s policy, today’s newspaper, two miles’ walk
（3）表示某店铺、某人的家或省略上文提到的名词时，名词所有格后面的中心词常省略。
如：the Wangs’ , at my uncles’, the barber’s
（4）表示多人共同所有的同一物，在最后一个词尾加’s, 表示多人各自所有时，须分别加’s.
如：Mary and Jane’s room (共有)，Li Hua’s and Zhang Ying’s bikes (分别所有)
（5）以s结尾的复数名词一般加 “ ’ ”，以s结尾的专有名词加 “ ’ ” 或 “ ’s ”.
如：the boys’ desks the teachers’ desks
Engels’s works/ Engels’ works Dickens’/ Dickens’s book
（6）复合名词、不定代词、相互代词或以整体形式出现的名词一般在最末单词后加“ ’s ”
如：somebody else’s bike, whose else’s car, my daughter-in-law’s house
2． 用of表示所有格
（1） 无生命的名词一般用of表示所属关系。
如：the lights of the street, the parks of the city, the map of the country
（2） 某些有生命的名词的所有格两者均可，但修饰语较长时，须用of表示。
如：monkey’s tail/ the tail of the monkey
the story of the brave sisters
the son of the old man who lived in the country
3． 词的双重所有格，由 “of + 名词 + ’s ”或 “of + 名词性物主代词” 构成。
（1） 表示所属物的名词有冠词、不定代词或数词时（如：a, some, no, the, any, one, few等）。
a friend of her mother’s = one of her mother’s friends;
a photo of mine = one of my photos
（2） 被修饰的名词前有指示代词时或用来表示赞扬或厌恶等感情色彩时。
Everyone loves the little son of his sister’s.
We all dislike that pride of Tom’s. 我们都讨厌汤姆那种骄傲态度。
▲专项练习强化
1. A rough estimate, Nigeria is__________ Great Britain.
A. three times the size as B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of
2. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character
3. I am sure David will be able to find the library-he has a pretty good _______ of direction.
A．idea B．feeling C．experience D．sense
4. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______.
A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind
5. My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.
A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought
6. The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _________ all over the country.
A．companies B．branches C．organizations D．businesses
7. --- I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
--- There is no ____ for this while you are on duty.
A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation
8. “I don’t think it’s my _____ that the TV blew upl I just turned it on, that’s all.” said the boy.
A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty
9. One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ____ in the number of natural disasters.
A. result B. account C. reason D. increase
10. Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their ____, some people drink alcohol.
A. temper B. mood C. consciousness D. pressures
11.-How can I use this washing machine?
-Well, just refer to the ________.
A. explanations B. expressions C. introductions D. directions
12. I keep medicines on the top shelf , out of the children’s .
A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place
13.--Yang Yang carried off the first Winter Olympic ______ medal for China.
--Great! What ______ she won for our motherland!
A. golden; honour B. gold; honour C. golden; honours D. gold; honours
14. People need _________to live, which is measured in calories.
A. power B. energy C. strength D. force
15. Since the factory brought in the new technology, the _________ has risen _________ 20%.
A. products; by B. produce; from C. production; at D. production; by
16. The happy _______ of children playing in the garden disappears, and it is quiet again.
A. scene B. scenery C. scare D. spot
17. -Don’t do that again. Don’t you think it ______ time?
-But it may ______to be successful.
A. waste of; turn B. wastes of; turn in
C. waste of; turn up D. a waste of; turn out
18. In the storm, the three of us took under a big tree at the foot of the hill.
A. a cover B. a shower C. shelter D. care
19. My son is training hard on the state football team and he is showing great a great player.
A. interest in B. hope for C. experience of D. promise as
20. You’ll find this map of great ________in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
第二节 冠词
▲ 知识要点总述
一、词的基本用法
1．不定冠词a/an的用法：
（1）an 用于以元音开头的词前。如：an orange
a用于以辅音开头的词前。如：a book
注意：a university a useful book a European country
（2）泛指某人或事物，或表示类别。
She is a newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
（3）意为one 或every。
He should take the medicine three times a day.
（4）用语某些固定词组中。
all of a sudden, a few, a bit, a little
（5）不定代词的位置，一般置名词前，但置such, half等词后
a book an important report half a book such a book
注：so/ too/ how + 形容词 + a + 名词
He is so good a man that all like him.
2．定冠词的用法
（1）表示特定的或上文提到的人或物。
The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.
（2）指世界上独一无二的事物。
如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the stars
（3）用在形容词前表一类人。
The rich should help the poor.
（4）用于姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇俩。
The Blacks are going to call on the Whites.
（5）用于整十位的复数数词前，指某世纪的某个年代。
in the 1970’s/ in the 1970s 在20实际70年代
in the fifties 在五十年代
（6）用于由普通名词构成的专有名词以及江、河、湖等名词前。
the United States, the Yellow River, the West Lake
（7）用于乐器名称前面。
Alice is fond of playing the piano while Henry is interested in listening to music.
（8）用于下列固定结构中。
the younger of the two boys
The sooner, the better.
The guard caught him by the arm.
二、不定冠词的情况
（1）物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词（人名、地名）一般不用冠词，但物质名词、抽象名词具体化或专有名词泛指时，常用不定冠词。
Mr Zhang wants to visit Beijing.
A Mr Zhang wants you to go for a walk.
（2）泛指节假日、季节、月份、星期几时不用冠词。
on New Year’s Day/ Children’s Day, in June, on Friday, in winter
（3）球类、棋类名词、学科名词前不用冠词
Tom likes playing volleyball while I like playing football.
This term we will study maths, physics and chemistry.
（4）餐名前一般不用冠词。
have/ at/ after/ before breakfast (lunch, supper, dinner)
但餐名前如有形容词修饰时，长用a/ an; 特指时也需用the.
They had a wonderful dinner.
The lunch was well cooked on Women’s Day.
（5）含有对比意义或习惯上一起使用的普通名词并列时，不用冠词。
day and night, body and soul, knife and fork, husband and wife, arm in arm
（6）by + 交通工具，不用冠词
by car/ bus/ boat/ bike/ air/ sea/ plane
但 in/ on a train/ bus, in a car, in a boat, on a bike, take a bus
（7）注意下列习惯用法，有无冠词意义不一样
go to college (上大学) go to the college (到学院去)
go to school (上学) go to the school (到学校去)
go to hospital (看医生) go to the hospital (到医院去)
at see (出海) at the sea (在海边)
in charge of (管理、负责) in the charge of (由……主管、负责)
at table (吃饭) at the table (在桌旁)
four of us (我们中的四人，我们不只四人)
the four of us (我们四人，我们只有四人)
▲专项练习强化
1. When he left college , he got a job as reporter in a newspaper office .
A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. a ; the D. the ; the
2. I knew ______ John Lennon, but not ______ famous one.
A. 不填；a B. a；the C. 不填；the D. the；a
3. I can't remember when exactly the Robinsons left __ city. I only remember it was ____ Monday.
A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a
4. On May 5, , at ________World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao
won the gold medal in men's doubles with ________ score of 4: 1.
A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a
5. If you grow up in ______ large family, you are more likely to develop ______ ability to get on
well with ________ others.
A．/; an; the B．a; the; / C．the; an; the D．a; the; the
6. If you go by _________ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get __________ fast one.
A．the; the B．不填；a C．the; a D．不填；不填
7.The most important thing about cotton in history is part that it played in Industrial Revolution.
A.不填；不填 B. the；不填 C. the ;the D. a; the
8. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ______ ride to ______ Capital Airport.
A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D.不填; the
9. This book tells ________ life story of John Smith, who left ______ school and worked for a
newspaper at the age of 16.
A．the; the B．a; the C．the; 不填 D．a; 不填
10.The sign reads“ In case of _______fire, break the glass and push _______red button.”
A.不填;a B.不填; the C. the ;the D. a ;a
11. I earn 10 dollars ____ hour as ____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
A. a… an B. the… a C. an… a D. an… the
12. Historically, ________ main material for making tables has been wood, but ________ metal and stone have also been used.
A. the;不填 B.不填；不填 C. the; the D.不填；the
13. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ______ discover
which completely changed ______ man’s understanding of color.
A. a…不填 B. a…the C. 不填…the D. the…a
14.The party last night was ____success. We sang and danced until it came to ___ end at twelve.
A. a; an B. a; the C. the; an D./; an
15. --Do you mind if I change another book? Because ___ page of the book is torn, and ___cover looks dirty.
--No, of course not.
A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a
16. ____Shanghai you see today is quite ____different city from what it used to be.
A. The; / B. /; the C. The; a D.A; a
17. Many people believed that ____prison isn't___only cure for law-breakers.
A. a; the B./; the C. the; the D. the; a
18. The young manager already speaks ___English like a native. Now he's learning___really difficult language Arabic.
A. an; a B./; the C. the; a D./; a
19. --Have you seen__watch? I left it here this morning.
--I think I saw one somewhere. Is it ___new one?
A. a; / B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a
20.--I hear the workers in this factory get paid by ____ week. --Correct, and most of them get about 300 yuan_____ week.
A./; a B. the;/ C. a; the D. the; a
第二节 代词
▲ 知识要点总述
一、代词的分类及其基本用法
单数 复数 功能
第一人称 第二人称 第三
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三
人称
人称代词 主格 I you he, she, it we you they 主
宾格 me you him, her, it us you them 宾
物主代词 形容词性 my your his, her, its our your their 宾
名词性 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs 主、宾、表
反身代词 myself your- self himself, herself, itself ourselves yourselves themselves 同位语宾
指示代词 this, that these, those 定、主、宾
相互代词 宾格 each other, one another 宾
所有格 each other’s, one another’s 定
不定代词 可数 each, one, many (a)few, bother, another , either, neither 主、定、宾
不可数 much, (a)little
可数，不可数 all, some, none, such, any, other 定、主、宾
复合
不定代词 anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, nobody, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything 主、宾、表
疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what 主、宾、定
连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever) 主、宾、定
关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as 主、宾、定
例：His camera is more expensive than hers.
Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of theirs.
Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better than they knew it themselves.
二、it的用法是高考常考点。
1． it 代前面提到过的人或事物。
Someone is knocking at the door, who is it?
He has lost his car but he can’t find it.
2． 指时间、距离、天气、环境等。
It is ten minutes’ walk.
It is raining hard.
3． 用作引导词，代替动作、不定式或that从句在句中作主语、宾语等。
（1） 形式主语
It is very kind of you to help me.
It is no use crying for spilt milk.
It takes me two hours to finish the work.
（2） 形式宾语，当复合宾语中的宾语为动名词、不定式、宾语从句时，常将宾语置宾补后，而用it 作形式宾语。
We found it no use quarrelling with her.
Mary thought it very important to read English aloud.
She made it known that he had beaten her before.
4． 用于强调句。用来突出、强调句子的某一部分（主要是句子的主语、宾语、状语等）。
（1） 被前掉部分指人时，用who或that均可。
It was jenny that/who I saw yesterday.
（2） 指物、时间、地点等用that。
Was it in this palace that the last emperor died?
It was during the second world war that he died?
（3） 被强调的部分有人、物时只能用that。
It was the things and people that I still remember when I was a child.
（4） 被前掉的代词的格式与原句的格式一致。
It is her that he wants to see.
It is we who want to see her.
（5） 被前掉的如是原句的主语，谓语在人称和数上应和原句的主语一致。
It is I who am going to study there.
（6） 强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词时，须将疑问词置句首，仍是疑问句。
Who is it that will come to see us?
（7） 强调名词从句中的特殊疑问词时，须将疑问词置从句之前。
I don’t know what it is that he wants.
（8） 对not…until…强调时，应将not until连在一起。
It was not until you told me about it that I knew the news.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous star.
三、部分不定代词的区分也是高考考查的重点
1. it, one, that, ones
it: 替代特定的同一事物，可代指不可数名词或可数名词单数，复数为them;
one: 替代一个不确定的泛指的人或无，只代指可数名词单数，复数为ones;
that: 代指特定的，但不是同一的事物，可代指不可数名词或单数可数名词，复数为 those.
比较：Peter lost his English book but he found it.
He was looking forward to a bike and he now has one.
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Wuhan.
2. some, any, one
(1) any 常用语否定句、疑问句或掉件状语从句中，some 多用语具有肯定意义的句中。
There are some books on the table. There aren’t any pens.
(2) some 也可用语说话人期待肯定回答或语气婉转的场合，any 意为“任何”时可用于肯定句，后接单数或复数名词。
Would you like some tea?
Any student can do it.
(3) one 可泛指任何人，可置形容词或the, that, this 等词之后代指刚提到的可数名词，复数为ones, 反身代词为 oneself。
The book is not the one I’m looking for.
One should respect oneself.
3. the other, other, others, another
(1) the others “其余的人或物”，指一定范围内的所有其余部分。others “另外的人或事物，其他的人或事物”，指没有明确特指的别的人或物。
This book is better that the others.
We should not think of ourselves but more of others.
(2) the other 接单数名词意为“两个中的另一个”，接复数名词，表示“一定范围内的另外一些人/物”。
He has a hat in one hand and a flower in the other.
Can you visit the other farms besides this?
(3) another “其他，别的”，指不定数目（超过两个）中的另一个。
This hat is too small. Show me another.
(4) other 不单独使用，后需接单数或复数名词，表示无范围的“另外的，别的”；此外 other 和another 还可与数词连用，注意词序不同。
Another + 数词 + 复数名词； 数词 + other + 复数名词
Tommy is going camping wither two other little boys.
If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay another $15.
4. either, neither, both, none, all
all可代指或修饰可数名词（三个或以上）或不可数名词；both 指两个人或物；either 指两者中的任何一个；neither 指两者中任何一个都不；none 可代指可数名词（三个或以上）或不可数名词，“一个也没有”，“一点也没有”。
We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because none of us had any money on us.
---Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?
---If you keep still, you can sit at either end.
▲专项练习强化
1. I think he's just going to deal with this problem ______ day.
A. next B. other C. following D. another
2. First ,it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make
you different from .
A．everyone else B．the other C．someone else D．the rest
3. You will find as you read fiats book that you just can't keep some of these stones to ______.
You will want to share them with a friend.
A. itself B. yourself C. himself D. themselves
4. Cars do cause us some health problems -in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones
do.
A．one B．ones C．it D．those
5. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _______ didn’t help.
A．it B．she C．which D．he
6. I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than________ in the city.
A. ones B. one C. that D. those
7. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting .
A．that B．it C．this D．him
8. She had long been expecting a chance to study abroad, and at last she got _____.
A. it B. that C. another D. one
9. I think the chairs are not enough. We still need ______ 20 ones.
A. another B. the other C. other D. some other
10. - Victor certainly cares too much about himself.
- Yes. He’s never interested in what ______ is doing.
A. no one else B. anyone else C. someone else D. nobody else
11. I don’t think we’ve met before. You’re taking me for ______.
A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. one other
12.-There's coffee and tea ;you can have__________.
-Thanks.
A. either B. each C. one C. it
13. –Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard .
-Why ________? John is sitting there doing nothing.
A. him B. he C.I D. me
14. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for ____ two weeks.
A. another B. other C. the other D. other’s
15. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _______in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom’ s.
A. one B. that C. it D. this
16．We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had.
A. it B. one C. himself D. another
17. That' s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after______ he' s done for you.
A. something B. anything C. all D. that
18. She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got______to talk to.
A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one
19. It is easy to do the repair , you need is a hammer and some nails .
A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
20.- One week’s time has been wasted.
- I can’t believe we did all that work for .
A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
第三节 数词和介词
▲ 知识要点总述
数词
1.基数词
(1)hundred, thousand, million, billion表示确切的数目时不能加s，但在表示不确切数目时要用复数形式。
five
分词专项练习
Ⅰ 单项选择
1. the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen
2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth .
A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix
3.We're to listen to her _ voice. It's to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
4. _ a post office, I stopped some stamps.
A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy
5. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared
6.Here are some new computer programs for home buildings.
A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design
7. a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.
A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved
8.The teacher came into the classroom by his students.
A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed.
9.With the money , he couldn't buy any ticket.
A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost
10.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn't make himself .
A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear
11.The result of the test was rather .
A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint
12.I've never heard the word in spoken English.
A. use B. used C. using D. to use
13. how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known
14.Deeply , I thanked her again and again.
A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved
15.With winter on, it's time to buy warm clothes.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
16. the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown
17.He went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered
18.The student corrected his paper carefully, the professor's suggestions.
A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed
19.The price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces
20.People in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live B. to live C. lived D. living
21.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point .
A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood
22.The scientists were waiting to see the problem .
A. settle B. settled C. to settle D. settling
23.The library's study room is full of studentsfor the exam.
A. busily prepared B. busy preparing C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing
24.The ground is with leaves.
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
25.Lessons easily were soon forgotten.
A. to learn B. learn C. learned D. learning
26.The wallet _ several days ago was found __ in the dustbin outside the building. A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding
27.A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting
28. different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.
A. To produce B. Being produced C. Produced D. Having produced
29.The students in the university are all taking courses a degree. A. coming to B. going to C. leading to D. turning to
30.Many things impossible in the past are very common today.
A. considerB. considering C. considered D. be considered
31. many times, he still couldn't understand.
A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. telling
32.The old sick lady entered the hospital, her two sons.
A. to support B. supporting C. supported by D. having supported
33.China is one of the largest countries in the world, 9.6 million square kilometres.
A. to cover B. covered C. covers D. covering
34.“We must keep a secret of the things here”, the general said, at the man in charge of the information office.
A. discussed, stared seriously B. being discussed, seriously staring
C. to be discussed, seriously stared D. discussed, stared
35.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
36.“Can you read?” Mary said to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
37. the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room.
A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written
38.Were you when you saw that wild animal?
A. fright B. frightening C. frightened D. frighten
39.Properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.
A. marked B. mark C. to mark D. marking
40.The child sat in the dentist's chair .
A. tremble B. trembling C. trembled D. to trembled
41.At this moment the bell rang the end of class.
A. announce B. announcing C. announced D. to announce
42.He walked down the hills, softly to himself.
A. sing B. singing C. sung D. to sing
43.I had to shout to make myself above the noise.
A. heard B. hearing C. heard D. to hear
44.The graduating students are busy material for their reports.
A. collect B. to collect C. collected D. collecting
45.The cars ___ in Beijing are as good as those in Shanghai.
A. produce, produce B. produced, produced
C. produced, producing D. producing, producing
46.When I came in, I saw Dr. Li a patient.
A. examine B. examining C. to examine D. examined
47. a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.
A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given
48. a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.
A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given
49.He wrote a letter to me that his trip to Japan had been put off because of the bad weather.
A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed
50.He reads newspapers every day to keep himself __ about what's going on in the world.
A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed
Ⅱ. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空
1.She caught the student (cheat) in exams.
2.When I got there, I found him (repair) farm tools.
3.When I got there, I found the farm tools . (repair)
4.Just then he heard someone _ (call) for help.
5.He worked so hard that he got his pay . (raise)
6.The missing boys were last seen (play) near the river.
7. His __________(frighten) expression made his wife __________ (surprise).
8.The workers had the machines (run) all night long to finish the work on time.
9.People in the south have their houses (make of ) bamboo.
10. (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
Ⅲ. 改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语
1.Look round when you cross the street.
2. When she heard the news, she burst into laughter.
3. As she was still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
4.Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other.
5.A cold rain was falling. It was mixed with snow.
6.While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
7.The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson.
8.The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful.
9.There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.
10.The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money.
Ⅳ. 用分词结构翻译下列句子
1. 众所周知,旅游十分有趣,但当我们旅游回来,我们经常感到疲惫.(用分词作表语和状语)
2. 张教授提出的建议被政府拒绝了.( 用分词作定语)
3. 我希望这项工作在星期五前做好. (用分词作宾语补足语)
4. 当我到达这儿我发现他坐在书桌旁. (用分词作状语和宾语补足语)
5. 由于不知道接下来该干什么,他只好向我求助. (用分词作状语)
参考答案
Ⅰ、 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.C
11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.D
21.D 22.B 23.B 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.C 30.C
31.A 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.C 36.A 37.B 38.C 39.A 40.B
41.B 42.B 43.C 44.D 45.B 46.B 47.A 48.B 49.B 50.C
Ⅱ、1. cheating 2.repairing 3.repaired 4.calling 5.raised
6.playing 7.frightened; surprised 8.running 9.made of 10.lost
Ⅲ、1.Look round when crossing the street.
2.Hearing the news, she burst into laughter.
3.Being still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
4.Gentlemen always shake hands when introduced to each other.
5.A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.
6.While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
7.The old man walked slowly, supported by his little grandson.
8.The ground covered with white snow looks very beautiful.
9.There is a tall tree covering the entrance to the cave.
10.The worker wrote to the police disclosing who stole the money.
Ⅳ. 1. As is known to us all, traveling is interesting, but we often feel tired when being back from travels.
2. The suggestion put forward by professor Zhang was rejected by the government.
3. I want this work finished by Friday.
4. When getting there, I found him seated / sitting at the desk.
5. Not knowing what to do next, he had to ask me for help.
责任编辑：李芳芳
1. 如图2所示，体育活动只占了10%的时间。
As is shown on Chart 2, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.
2. 表1说明学校学生花在不同的课外活动每天的平均时间。
Chart 1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities.
3. 60%的学生认为不应收门票。40%的学生认为应收门票。
60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. 40%think that fees should be charged.
4.近年来，越来越多的人有手机。
More and more people have mobile phones in recent years.
5. ，每百人中有十个人有手机。
In , 10 persons in a hundred had.
6. 有手机的人数是1995年的十倍之多。
The number of the people who had mobile phones was ten times as much as in 1995.
7. 有手机的人数的增加有几个原因。
There are several reasons for the increase of the number of people having mobile phones
8. 根据图表所示，只有49% 的大学生毕业时开始工作。
According to the chart, only 49% of the college students begin to work when they graduate.
9. 正如大家所知，在过去几年，随着经济的发展大学生的数量增长很快。
As is known to all, the number of college students has been growing fast with the economic development in the past years.
10. 三班的同学举行了一次关于学习英语要不要从儿童时期开始的讨论。
The students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood.
11. 正如你所知道的，每个硬币都有两面。55% 的同学认为他们应该每天都要进行各种各样的锻炼。
As you know, every coin has two sides. 55% of the students think they should take all kinds of exercise every day.
12. 另一方面，45% (的同学)认为锻炼浪费时间而且使人疲累。
On the other hand, 45% believe taking exercise is a waste of time and tiring.
13. 规划的目的是使我们的学校越来越美丽。
The purposes of the program are to make our school more beautiful.
14. 根据这个规划，我们将在学校里面和周围种植花草树木。
According to the program, we will plant different kinds of trees, flowers and grass in and around our school.
15. 乘飞机旅行能节省很多时间。但是坐火车旅行也有它的优点。
Air travel can save much time. But train travel also has its advantages.
16. 所以我认为不同的人喜欢不同的旅行方式。
So I think different people like different ways of traveling.
17. 随着计算机技术的发展，互联网越来越受欢迎。
With the development of computer technology, the Internet has become more and more popular.
18. 依我的看法，追求时尚可以理解。但是作为中学生，我们应该以学习为重。
In my opinion, following the fashion is understandable. But as middle school students, we should put all our heart into our studies.
1． 2月8日清晨7：15。我正沿着公园路向东走，这是一位长者从街对面的公园出来。
It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, . I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.
2． 6月2日下午，我正乘火车从上海到沈阳回家的途中。
On the afternoon of July 2nd, I was traveling from Shanghai back to Shenyang by train.
3． 一大早，我们就出发了。
Early in the morning, we set out.
4． 明天上午8：00我们在学校门口集中。
We will meet at the school gate at 8:00 tomorrow morning.
5． 前几天，我和同学骑车进城。
The other day my classmates and I went to town together by bike.
6． 过去，我的家乡是个美丽的地方。
In the past / Some years ago, my hometown used to be a beautiful place.
7． 上学期，我参加了地理小组的研究性学习。我们研究的课题是：环境污染与环境保护。
Last term I took part in a geography research study group. Our topic was environmental pollution and protection.
8． 今天下午，在我去看电影的路上，我看见一个箱子从一辆自行车上掉下来。
This afternoon, on my way to the cinema, I saw a case fall off a man’s bike.
9． 两星期前，我正在街上行走，当时我看见了你们的诱人的广告，于是我停下脚步走进了你们的商店。
Two weeks ago, I was walking along the street when I saw your attractive advertisement and I stopped into your shop.
10. 昨天晚上大约九点钟，我正在忙于准备明天的测验，这是忽然吵闹声传进我的房间。
About 9 o’clock yesterday evening, I was busy preparing for my tomorrow’s test when suddenly loud noises came into my room.
11. 昨天下午我去越秀公园，碰巧我看见一件动人的事。
Yesterday afternoon I went to Yuexiu Park. It happened that I saw a touching event.
12. 当我听到北京申办奥运会竞标成功时我非常激动。
I was very excited when I heard that Beijing won the bid for the Olympic Games.
13. 吵闹声如此大事我无法继续学习。
The noise was so loud that I couldn’t go on studying.
14. 我将在农村度过这个暑假。在农村，我可以享受舒适和宁静的生活。
I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life there.
15．我认为该是我们认识到保护环境的重要性和采取行动的时候了。
I think it is time for us to realize the importance of protecting the environment and to do something about it.
16. 我希望政府应该尽快采取措施解决这个问题。
I hope the government should take measures to solve this problem as soon as possible.
17. 我认为学校应该鼓励学生课余多参加体育活动。这样，学生可以更健康，更有活力。
I think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class. This way, they may be healthier and more energetic.
18. 现在越来越多的家庭拥有自己的小汽车。对于有私家车的家庭来说上班或带小孩上学都十分方便。
Now more and more families have their own cars. It’s very convenient for the people who have their own cars to go to work or to take their children to school.
改错专项训练(7)
Dear John ， I haven 't heard a letter from you for a long time． 1．
Why not to come to Spain ？It is a country with 2．
beautiful city．The food here is delicious．Hotels aren't 3．
expensive at all，and they are even cheaper than any places 4．
in the world．There are all kinds of shops fill of 5．
many different products．You can also go to some 6．
very old markets，which sell everything from fresh（新鲜的）7．
fruits to nice clothes．So you can go shopping there and 8．
buy that you want．Besides（此外），you can go to one 9．
of the finest beaches to swim in the blue，warm water or 10．
to take rest．If you come here，I believe you 11．
have a very exciting holiday and 12．
make your dream to come true．Please write to me 13．
soon and tell me about your decision for you 14．
first trip to Spain ． 参考答案：（13）1．heard→got ／received ／had或去掉a letter。2．com e前的to去掉。 3．city→cities。4．any后加other。5．fill→full。6．√7．√8．√ 9．that→ what。10．√11．rest前加a。12．have前加will。13．come前的to去掉。 14．you→your。
责任编辑：李芳芳
改错专项训练(6)
Mrs Smith loved flower and had a small 1． 。
but nice garden．On summer，her roses（玫瑰花） 2． 。
were always the best on her street．One summer 3． 。
afternoon her bell rang，and w hen she went 4． 。
to the front door，she saw a small boy out． 5． 。
He was about seven year old，and was 6． 。
holding a lot of nice roses on his hand． 7． 。
“I am selling out roses，”he said．“Do you 8． 。
want any ？They are quite cheaper．They 9． 。
are fresh（新鲜）．I pick it this afternoon ．” 10． 。
参考答案：1．flower→flowers，名词复数表类别。2．On→In，用于季节前。3．√4．√5．out→outside，意为“在外面”。6．year→years。7．on→in。8．去掉out， sell out意为“售完”，此句不表此义。9眂heaper→cheap，quite后接形容词或副词的原级。10．it→them。
责任编辑：李芳芳
改错专项训练(5)
The big red American car was too much wide 1．
for a English country road．When Jack saw it 2．
coming towards him，he stopped own car3．
at the side of the road make room for it to 4．
pass．The American car went slowly past，so 5．
close and he could see the driver's face 6．
quite clearly．
“Where have I seen that face ago？”he 7．
thought．“Wait a minute！I remember now． 8．
It was in the new spaper！”He takes out the 9．
newspaper from his bag ，turned quick to 10．
the middle page．There was a picture of the 11．
face in it．Yes，it had a large mouth 12．
and small ears，and his eyes were after dark 13．
glasses．
“Wanted by the police，”read by Jack． 14．
“The City Bank will give a lot of moneys 15．
for anyone who helps the police to catch 16．
this man ．”
“Call the police at once．”he said to him ． 17．
And a few minutes later，he was sad． 18．
“This man was caught this morning ．”answered the police．
参考答案：
1．too much→much too。2．a→an。3．own→his own。4．make→to make。5．6．and→that。7．ago→before。8．√9．takes→took。10．quick→ quickly。11．√12．√13．after→behind。14．√15．moneys→money。16．for→ to。17．him→himself。18．And→But。
责任编辑：李芳芳
改错专项训练(4)
21．Though I like looking after my sister's baby，but my sister doesn't let me do it．
22．Because he didn 't catch up with the early bus，so he was late for school．
23．I bought my brother a new cap，but he liked it very much．
24．He was not there and his elder brother was．
25．About three-fifth of the students in the class are boy students．
26．We're goin g to learn Lesson Tenth tomorrow ．
27．There are six hundreds people on the playground．
28．Many thousand trees should be planted on the mountains every year．
参考答案及说明：
第21题：去掉but，第22小题去掉so。though与but，because与so不可连用。
第23小题：but改为and。不表转折之意。
第24小题：and改为but。表转折之意。
第25小题：three-fifth改为three-fifths。当分子大于1时，分母应用序数词复数形式。
第26题：Tenth改为T en。Lesson Ten ＝the tenth lesson。
第27题：hundreds改为hun dred。表确切数字。
第28题：thousan d改为thousands of。被many修饰，表示不确定的数。
说明：感叹句常见错误主要是how与what的混用（如第16、17小题）。
第18-24小题是考查连词方面的错误。
1）英语中的某些连词的搭配和汉语不同。汉语中有的连词搭配可成对使用，而英语中则不可（如第21、22小题）。
2）并列连词误用（如18、19、23、24小题）。
3）英语中，连词要比在汉语里用得多。汉语里往往不用连词，但英语里要用（如第20小题）。
分数常见错误在于分数词的构成及用法，序数词的用法，hun dred等表确数与概数时的形式（如第25-28小题）。
责任编辑：李芳芳
改错专项训练(3)
11．Tom must wait for until his wife comes back．
12．He will wait for the bus stops．
13．He got here in the morning of May 20．
14．The football match is among the USA，France and England．
15．A police car was just coming down the corner when the traffic accident happened．
16．How beautiful flowers they are！
17．What important the meeting is！
18．Excuse me，and I don't think I know you．
19．Hurry up，and you'll be late．
20．Work hard，you can catch up with them．
参考答案：
11．B。去掉that。
12．A。改为didn't go。是not．．．until句型。
13．C。改为learn from。
14．D。改为them。代替socks。
15．B。改为are。属客观事实。
16．C。改为are。主语为专有名词；该从句表示一个不变的事实。
17盌。改为before long。long before意思是“很久以前”。
18盌。改为of。rob sb．of sth．意为“抢劫某人的东西”。
19盌。改为lost to。lose to sb．意为“输给某人”。
20盌。改为building。make a contribution to短语中，to为介词。
责任编辑：李芳芳
改错专项训练(1)
1. The eggs were lay long long ago by dinosaurs.
A B C D
2. Mr Brown arrived in Beijing early in a Thursday morning.
A B C D
3. I didn't spend all the money. I brought some of them back again.
A B C D
4. How much is the number of the car?
A B C D
5．The more he thought about it，the more angrily he grew ．
A B C D
6．She was listening carefully to the teacher when she spoke to in class．
A B C D
7．He has left his hometown in Hebei for more than two years．
A B C D
8．Whom do you think knows the answers to the questions？
A B C D
9．Mother often tells me not to buy anything I needn't．
A B C D
10．A lot of good land has gone with the forests，left only sand．
A B C D
参考答案及说明：
1盉。改为were laid。lay作“（鸟类、昆虫等）下（蛋）；产（卵）”讲，其过去式、过去分词均为laid。lie的过去式为lay，注意不要混淆其用法。
2．C。改为on。表具体某一天的早上。
3．D。改为it。it代替不可数名词money。
4．A。改为What。不表数量。
5．D。改为angrier。grow是系动词。
6．C。改为was spoken。she为动作承受者。
7．B。改为been away from。
8．A。改为Who。用作主语，注意不要受插入语do you think的影响。
9．D。改为don't need。充当定语从句的谓语，应用实义动词，不能用情态动词。
10．D。改为leaving，现在分词作伴随状语。
责任编辑：李芳芳
改错专项训练(2)
下列各句均有一处错误，在不改变原题题意的基础上指出并改正这一错误。
1．My sister wants to be nurse when she grows up．
2．A library is place to find out about almost anything．
3．He knows a teacher in a white shirt．
4．It's such an important in formation that we should report it to the headmaster at once．
5．When I'm free，I go for a long walk．Some people read the books or watch TV while others play sports．
6．Mr Black asked for a job．Do you think he is fit for a job？
7．This is an useful book．I've read it for an hour．
8．We are goin g hiking on next Sunday．
9．In the library all the books of animals are placed together．
10．Could you tell me whom the doctor is operating ？
参考答案及详解：
第1题：nurse 表示一类人，前面应加a。
第2题：place指a library这样一类地方，前面应加a。
第3题：teacher表特指，a应改为the。
第4题：in form ation不可数，故去掉an。
第5题：books是名词复数表类别，去掉前面的the。
第6题：后句中的a job改为the job。第二次被提到，所以是特指。
第7题：useful虽是以元音字母开头，但读音第一个音素／j／为辅音音素。故 an应改为a。
说明：这七道小题均是考查冠词的常见错误。
冠词错误常出现在以下几个方面：该用冠词的没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an却用了a，该用a ／an却用了the。判断错误时可以从以上几个方面加以考虑。
第8题：名词由last，next，that，this，on e等词修饰时，其前面不能加介词，故去掉on。
第9题：根据上下文意思判定，这里是“所有写动物的书”，而不是“所有属于动物的书”，所以of应改为on或about。
第10题：operate为不及物动词，后面应加介词on。
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语法专项系列之一
冠词
1. 种类: 定冠词和不定冠词及零冠词.
2. 冠词与可数名词搭配表示类别
有三种: 不定冠词+名词(强调任何一个) , 定冠词+名词(强调整个类属), 名词的复数形式.
3. 在发明物前用the , by + 手段, 方式 不加art. 但用介词on/ over/ through 则加art.
如: on the radio, over a phone, through a newspaper
4. 特定词组中不用冠词
①. turn/ go 后作补语的名词
turn writer/ go socialist = become a writer/ socialist
②. 在 引起的让步状语从句倒装结构中
Child as he is, ----
Hero as he was, ----
③. 在某些独立结构中.
He entered the room, book in hand.
但加上with 后用限定词.
He entered the room, with a book in hand.
④. 序数词作副词,或作名词表 “名次”时
First read fast.
He came first in the game.
⑤. 形容词最高级作表语只用来同本身做比较时, 并无一定范围.
Vegetables are best when they are fresh.
⑥. 表称呼或职位,军衔的名词做表语, 同位语和补语时,
Tom is monitor in our class.
We made Tom monitor in our class.
⑦. 常见词组:
at war/ peace/ table/ work/college/ sea
by force/ air/ sea/ train
in bed/ hospital/ peace/ ink/ public/ time of
take possession of
lose heart
5. 冠词词组
①. 位于such. What/ many/ half 后
Many a man is fit for the job.
②. as, so, to, how, however, enough,+ adj. + a/ an,
eg. as happy a day
③. quite / rather a day
但可以说: rather/quite a cold day
a rather/quite cold day
④. 在让步状语从句中, 有:
Brave a man though he is, he failed.
⑤. 倍数+ the + n.
twice the students
6. 有无冠词, 意义不同的词组:
in course of 正在进行中 in the course of 在---期间, 在过程中
out of question 没问题 out of the question 不可能
in charge of 负责,掌管 in the charge of 在---的主管下
in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被---拥有
at table 在吃饭 at the table 坐在桌旁
in front of in the front of
by sea 坐船 by the sea 在海边
in case of 假使, 万一 in the case of 就---而言, 至于
by day 在白天 by the day 按日, 按天
on watch 值班,守望 on the watch 看守着, 提防着
to death 极度, 非常 to the death 致死, 到底
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语法专项系列之二
代词
1. 并列代词的顺序:
单数为: 二, 三，一, You , he and I should return on time.
复数为: 一， 二, 三, We , you , and they are all right.
2. 反身代词的几种用法:
feel / be ~ 身体好, 行动正常, He is not quite himself today.
by ~ = alone
for~ 亲自
enjoy ~/ = have a good time
seat~ = sit
devote ~ to ---
help ~ to
come to ~ 苏醒过来
make ~ at home 不拘束, 不客气
3. each other/ one another
前者指两者互相, 后者指三者或以上互相, 所有格, 直接在它们后加’s
4. other/ the other/ another
other 常与复数名词和不可数名词连用, 但当可数名前有the / this/ that 等修饰时可用.
the other 是两者中的另一个, 常与one 连用 形成: one --- the other 或the other + 复数名词=the others
another 是三者或以上的任何一个, 也表示 再, 另, 和数词搭配 如: another three
5. it/ one/ that 做替代词的区别
it同类同物
one同类不同物
that后常有of短语修饰时, 或有过去分词, 从句等修饰.
6. none/ no one/ nothing
none 指代人或物, 单复数都可以, 可和of短语连用, 用来回答how many/ much疑问
no one 指 人, 只用可数, 不跟of短语, 回答who 疑问句
nothing 指物, 回答what
eg.
No one / nobody is absent today.
----Did you have any trouble with the customs? ----- None
7. few, little, a few, a little
8. either, neither 表两者, 可跟 of短语 谓语动词用单数形式
9. 部分否定与全部否定
但否定词与all , both, every及every类(everybody/ everyone/ everything)的词连用时, 不论否定词的位置前后都表部分否定
如: Not all the ss are working hard.
All the students are not working hard.
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you .
用none, no one, nobody, nothing表全部否定
10. every / each
every 强调集体, 指三者或以上, 与not 连用表部分否定
each 强调个体, 可接of 短语, 指两者或以上, 与not连用表全部否定
11. any, 在肯定句中指两者或以上的人或事中的任何一个
any 类 用于否定/疑问/条件句中不表任何意义
anyone= anybody 仅指人
any one 指人或物
12. some
修饰 可数名词或不可数
表 “某一”时= a certain some 后不跟复数名词, 而certain 可跟复数名词
13. 疑问代词的注意点:
who 在句中可做主语或宾语, 但是不能跟介词后
whom 在句中只作宾语,
what 无范围
which 知在一定的范围的哪一个
如: The ties are all in good quality and style, so I don’t know which one to choose from.
责任编辑：李芳芳
情态动词专项练习
姓名______________ 班次______________ 学号______________
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
( ) 1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
( ) 2. Where is my pen? I _____ it.
A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost
( ) 3. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
( ) 4. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
( ) 5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
( ) 6. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give
( ) 7. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
( ) 8. Without electricity human life _____ quite difficult today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
( ) 9. A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
( ) 10. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
( )11. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
( ) 12. - Could I borrow your dictionary?
- Yes, of course you _____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
( ) 13. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
( ) 14. - If he _____, he _____ that food.
- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
( ) 15. Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
( ) 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
( ) 17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
( ) 18. - Shall I tell John about it?
- No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
( ) 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
( ) 20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
( ) 21.- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
- It _____ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
( ) 22. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
( ) 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
( ) 24. - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
- They _____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
( ) 25. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
- Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
( ) 26. - Will you stay for lunch?
- Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
( ) 27. - Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
- I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
( ) 28. - Write to me when you get home. - _____.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
( ) 29. I was really anxious about you, you _____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
( ) 30. - Is John coming by train?
- He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
答案全解
1．C 从原题中You can keep it till next week if you like这一信息句可知，“你不必现在还”。
2．D 从原题中Where is my pen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must + have done表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。
3．C 原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生，在wish后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
4．B 从原题中的I didn’t hear the phone.这一信息可以判断出，用must have done表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。
5．A 从原题中last Saturday这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去 事实相反的过去完成时，主句用would + have done。
6．A might have + 过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。
7．C 从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，If it had not been for … “要不是因为……”。
8．D 原题中的Without electricity相当于一个条件句：If there were no electricity,故主句用human life would be quite difficult today.
9．A can可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句can’t，表示“不能，不会”。
10．B 从原题总的“I wonder why she changed her mind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此，用should + have done，表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。
11．C 可参看10题。意思是：“昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。”
12．C 原题中的could不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时，用can回答。同样用would，might提问，用will和may回答。[注意]①- Would you rather do such a thing? - Yes, I would.
②- Would you like some tea? - Yes, I would.
这两个对话中的would rather，would like是惯用法，故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will不能去替换would。
13．A 可参看10、15题。该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”ought not to have done = shouldn’t have done
14．B 从答语中的Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。
15．B 从原题中的but he isn’t very sure yet这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来，肯定来”，D是“将要来”。
16．C 可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有……
17．D 从原题中I didn’t see your sister at the meeting和后文she would have met my brother这两个信息句可知，if条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看6、7、14题。
18．A 你不必告诉他。因为I’ve told him already这一信息句已暗示考生了。
19．C 当as if引导虚拟语气的句子是，如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时，as if后接一般过去时。例如：He walked as if he were lame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前，则用过去完成时。例如：He talked as if he had known the secret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。
20．C 只要考生抓住nearly一词和后文at any moment（随时的意思）这两个信息词语，就能很快选出C项，表示逻辑推测，意思是“快七点钟了，杰克一会儿就该到了。”
21．D 根据句意，是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。
22．B mustn’t表示“禁止”；may表示“有可能”。句子的意思是：“你不可以玩刀，可能会伤你自己。”
23．D 该题在考考生could与was able to之间的区别。Was able to表示在困难的情况下，经过一番周折而“能……”，并且成功地做了。
24．B 该题考查情态动词should表推测的用法。Can和might都可以表示可能性，用might则语气更加不肯定。Need表示“需要”、“必需”。Should可以表示推测，结合实际，合乎逻辑，意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的I need them tomorrow afternoon的语境，可以确定正确答案为B。
25．A 该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法，从会话的语境看，空白处应填“could + have +过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。
26．B 该题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表达一种意愿和请求，是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗？”，对于这种问句的肯定答语可用Sure! Certainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to等；否定回答通常是I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but … I ‘d like to, but …等。
27．D might表示“可能性”。
28．C 意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。
29．B shouldn’t have done为本来不该做某事，而事实上做了。
30．D 用may not可表示“可能不”。而can not则表示断然的否定推测“不可能”。A，C意思不符。
责任编辑：李芳芳
定语从句专项练习
1．The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.（全国03 .28）
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
2. George Orwell, _______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. （北京，2004.26）
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
3. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. （北京2004.34） A. It B. As C. That D. What
4．There was time I hated to go to school .（湖北2004.23）
A．a; that B．a; when C．the; that D．the ; when
5．There are two buildings , stands nearly a hundred feet high .（湖北2004. 25） A．the larger B．the larger of them
C．the larger one that D．the larger of which
6．What surprised me was not what he said but he said it . （湖南2004 29） A．the way B．in the way that C．in the way D．the way which
7. Playing tricks on others is _____ we should never do. (湖南2004 21)
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
8. I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.（湖南2004 23） A. how B. which C. where D. that
9. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （江苏2004 33 ）
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
10．The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80% are sold abroad .（全国 2004 35）
A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that
11. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.（全国2004 23）
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
12. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
13. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
14．-Is that the small town you often refer to?
-Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.（福建 35 ） A．that B．which C．where D．what
15. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger. (广东 2005 35)
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
16．Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. (湖北2005 29)
A．who B．that C．what D．which
17. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (江苏 2005 32 )
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
18．The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. （江西 2005 25 ）
A．in that B．for that C．in which D．for which
19．I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （辽宁 2005 28 ） A．which B．when C．where D．that
20．Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom? （辽宁 2005 29 ）
A．that B．what C．as D．which
21. He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ he went on to Cambridge. （山东2005 30 ）
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
22. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _______effects the people are still suffering. （天津 2005 13 ）
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
23. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江2005 2 ) A．which B．that C．this D．it
24. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (浙江2005 17 )
A．When B．After C．As D．Since
25. Mark was a student at this university from to , ____ , he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union. ( 重庆 2005 32 )
A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time
26．I have many friends , some are businessmen . （全国02 2005 24 ）
A．of them B．from which C．who of D．of whom
用定语从句翻译下列句子。
1） 这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。
2） 这是我曾经住过的村庄。
3） 正在唱歌的女孩是我的同学。
4） 全心全意为人民的人应当受到尊重。
5） 应当做的事情都已经做了。
6） 他失败的原因是他粗心大意。
7） 他用来写字的钢笔丢了。
8） 你去过毛泽东出生的那间小屋吗？
9） 今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展。
10） 老师把老外介绍给我，他就是著名的教授。
三 句型比较
1．①The man she married last year was a soldier.
A whom B to whom C with whom D．whose
②The man she was married was a soldier．
A whom B to whom C with whom D who
2．①The reason she gave up teaching was her serious illness．
A for that B for which C which D．why
②The reason he was dismissed is not difficult to explain.
A that B for which C which D for that
3．①The day she spent with us was never to be forgotten.
A．/ B．on which C when D．in which
②The day she played with us was never to be forgotten.
A. that B. when C. which D. /
4. ① Is this the factory you visited last week?
A where B which C. to which D. in which
② Is this factory you visited last week?
A. that B which C in which D. the one
5. ① The house window faces south is for the doctor.
A. which B. that C. whose D. of which
② The house faces south is for the doctor.
A. which B. whose C. who D. where
6. ① She brought forward a plan we couldn’t agree.
A. that B. which C / D. to which
② She brought forward a plan we couldn’t accept.
A. / B. for which C. to which D .of which
7. ① The invention she spent 2 years will do well to the world.
A.which B. / C. on which D. when
②The invention took her 2 years will do well to the world.
A. which B. / C. on which D. it
8. ① The English subject, I do well , is important in middle schools.
A which B that C in which D. at which
②The English subject , I have mastered well , is important in middle school.
A / B at which C that D in which
9. ①Tom, I went to the concert , is a friend of mine.
A whom B who C with which D whose
②Tom， bicycle 1 went to the concert，is a friend of mine．
A whom B who C whose D on whose
10．①The place you visited during your holidays is where I used to be for years
A where B which C in which D．to which
②The place you stayed for 3 years is where an ancient city used to be.
A where B which C that D to which
11．①She will fly to Washington， is the capital of the U．S．
A that B where C which D in which
②She will fly to Washington， she can enjoy herself．
A where B that C which D ／
12．①The story happened on a day the weather was wet and cold．
A when B which C in which D on when
②The story happened on a day was wet and cold．
A then B on which C which D ／
13．①The sun heats the earth， we all know．
A that B which C as D where
②The sun heats the earth， makes it possible to grow crops．
A which B that C as D where
14．①Tom， we had expected，got the 1st place in the competition(比赛)．
A as B which C whom D who
②Tom， we had expected to help us，didn’t even show his face .
A as B whom C that D which
单项选择题：
1. I, ___your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A.who is B.who am C.that is D.which am
2. The old man has two sons, ___are lawyers.
A.both of them B.both of who C.both of whom D.both of they
3. He is a man of great knowledge, ___much can be learned.
A.in whom B.about whom C.from whom D.of whom
4. I can tell you ___he told me last week.
A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all that
5. Is oxygen the only gas ___helps fire burn?
A.that B./ C.which D.what
6. Air, ___we breathe every day, is around us all the time.
A.that B./ C.which D.it
7. This is the museum ____we saw an exhibition the other day.
A.that B.which C.where D.in that
8. This museum is ___you visited the other day.
A.that B.which C.where D.the one
9. This is the museum ___you saw the other day.
A.that B.where C.in which D.in that
10. It is the third time ___late this month.
A.that you arrived B.when you arrived
C.that you’ve arrived D.when you’ve arrived
11. It was in 1969___the American astronaut succeeded in landing
on the moon.
A.that B.which C.in which D.when
12..We often think of the days ___we spent together on the island.
A.when B.which C.in which D.during which
13. Have you ever been to Shanghai, ____I left ten years ago?
A.where B.which C.that D.when
14. He has left Beijing, ___a meeting is to be held.
A.when B.where C.as D.which
15. This is the very place ___I’m wishing to live in.
A.where B.which C.that D.in which
16.I have bought the same dress ____she is wearing.
A.as B.that C.which Dthan
17.Can you solve such problems ___raised by the audience?
A.what were B.as were C.that were D.which were
18.The reason ___he didn’t come was ____he was injured.
A.that,because B.why,that C.why, because D.that, that
19.He must be from Africa, ____can be seen from his skin.
A.that B.as C.it D.what
20.His father died last year, ____made it impossible for him to go abroad.
A.when B.which C.as D.that
21.___is natural,he married Mary.
A.It B.What C.Which D.As
22.The buses, ____were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A.most of them B.most of which C.which most D.that most
23.All___is needed is a supply of oil.
A.the thing B.that C.what D.which
24.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows,most of ___had not been cleaned for years.
A.these B.those C.that D.which
25.In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______she could turn for help.
A.that B.who C. from whom D.to whom
26. This is one of the means ____the electic energy is conducted from one place to another.
A.by which B.by that C.through which D.through that
27. The place ___you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.
A.in which B.at which C.where D.which
28. The factory ___I am going to is the place ___my mother used to
work many years ago.
A.where,where B.where, which C.which,where D.that,which
29. Don’t do such things ___you are not sure about.
A.that B.which C.as D.what
30. Rober is good at language, ____we all know.
A.because B.for C.as D.since
二．改错
1．Is this the book your father bought it for you?
2．Who is the comrade you talked with him?
3．Have you been to the place where she works there ?
4．They are talking about the people and the things which they saw on their way home．
5．This is the very thing which I can tell you．
6．Is this all what you Wahl to say?
7．Shanghai is the biggest cit y，that has a population of more than ten million．
8．Which is the clock which is made in China?
9．Who is the man who is speaking to your mother?
10．I shall never forget the days when I spent with you
11．He has written a book．the name of it I have forgotten．
12．Father came back on April 4th when was my birthday．
1 3．Is this factory which you set up yourselves?
1 4．Is this the city where you visited last year?
15．This is the necklace for which she is looking．
1 6．Do you still remember the day which you joined the Party?
1 7．This is the boy his handwriting is the best in our class
18．It was the meeting which importance I didn’t know．
1 9．My father，that has been away recently, wants to see you．
20．He has three sons，two of them are music lovers．
21．As you know it，he has left for America．
22．Miss Li，who you met，is our English teacher．
23．The computer center，that was opened last year，is very large．
24．My pen which writes smoothly was given to me by my sister．
25．Those who wants to see the film put up your hands．
26．Those have seen the film think highlv of it．
27．That is the way which they work．
28. I have made the same mistakes like you have．
29．Here is,so big a stone as no one can move it．
30．The news which a war broke out in the Middle East surprised us.
一 1-5 ADBBD 6-10 ABCDA 11-15 CADCA 16-20 DCDCB 21-26 CBACAD
二 1. This is the magazine I like best.
2. This is the village where I used to live.
3. The girl who is singing is one of my classmates.
4. Those who serve the people heart and soul should be respected.
5. Everything that should be done has been done.
6. The reason why he failed is his carelessness.
7. The pen with which he writes is lost.
8. Have you ever been to the small house in which Chairman Mao once lived.
9. This afternoon we’ll go to see the photo show that you have visited.
10. The teacher introduced me the foreign guest, who is a famous professor.
三句型比较1
1-5 AB BD,B AB BD CA 6-10DA CA CA CD BA
11-14 CA A C CA AB
四 答案：1－5 BCCDA 6-10CCDAC 11-15ABBBC 16-20ABBBB
21-25 DBBDD 26-30ADCCC
五.改错答案与分析：
1．去掉it。因为被省去的关系代词是从句中谓
语动词的宾语。
2．去掉him。
3．去掉there，因为关系副词是从句中的状语。
4．改which为that。
5．改which为that，先行词被only，very，a11，
much，little，few，nobody，no one，anybody，some-
body，everything，nothing，anything以及形容词最高
级、序数词所修饰时，关系代词用th。t。
6．改what为that。
7．改that为which，在非限制性定语从句中，修
饰物用which。
8．改第二个which为that，以免重复。
9．改后面的who为that，以免重复。
10．改when为which或that，用作spent的宾语。
11．改the name of it为the name of which。
12．改when为which，作从句的主语。
13．改which为the one。
14．改where为which或that，作visit的宾语。
15．100k for是短语动词，不能拆开使用。
第一部分语法知识
16．改which为when。
17．改his为whose。
18．改which为whose。
19．改tllat为who，非限制性定语从句，表示人的
主格时用who。
20．改two of them为two of whom
21．去掉it，因为as在此句中是关系代词，作
know的宾语。
22．改who为whom，非限制性定语从句。表示
人的宾格。
23．改that为which。
24．改My为The，限制性定语从句的先行词不
用物主代词和指示代词修饰。
25．改wants为want。
26．Those后面加who。
27．改which为that或in which．也可省去
which。
28．改like为as，定语从句中主句中有the same．
such。as，so时，关联词用as。
29．改as为that，that是从属连词引导状语从
句；或去掉句中的it。
30．改which为that，这是同位语从句，不是定语
责任编辑：李芳芳
时态
一、目标
本章要求学生掌握中学阶段常用的八种时态, 即：一般现在时, 一般过去时, 一般将来时, 现在进行时, 现在完成时, 过去完成时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时。
要求掌握时态的意义、各种时态的动词形式、与各种时态连用的时间状语以及一些时态的特殊意义。
二、重点及难点
八种时态的意义；现在完成时与一般过去时的区别；点性动词与线性动词；时态一致性。
三、方法
1．Do you know something about “tense”?
你知道“时态”是什么吗？
2．You are right. For example：
I'm working.我正在工作。
I worked yesterday.我昨天工作。
I will work.我将要工作。
How many tenses have you learned ?
你们学了几种时态？
3．Now let's have a discussion on every tense.
现在咱们分别讨论每个时态。
I think the present indefinite tense is the easiest tense of all． Do you know what it means ?
我想一般现在时是所有时态中最容易的, 你知道它的含义吗？
4．What's the form of the verb ?
谓语动词形式是什么样的？
5．Very good ! Do you know how to use “am, is, are”?
Here's a saying:
（I）我用 am（you）你用 are, is连着他、她、它。单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are。
Can you learn it by heart ?
你知道行为动词第三人称怎么变化吗？
6．Do you know what sound“s” or“es” makes ?
你知道“s”或“es”怎么发音吗？
你应当记住“清-清, 浊-浊, 元-浊”。现在我解释一下：
清-清 即：“s”或“es”之前的音素如 果是清辅音的话, “s”或“es”读作［K］（清）。
浊-浊 指“s”或“es”之前的音素如果是浊辅音的话, 则“s”或“es”读作［L］（浊）。
元-浊 如果“s”“es”之前是元音音素, 则它读作［L］（浊）。
你能想出几个例子吗？
7．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态外, 常与什么副词连用呢？
8．一般现在时除表示经常性动作或状态外, 还有其他用法。它能表示将来时, 但它是有条件的, 这个条件有两种情况：A．是在条件状语从句中, 如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时。B．是表示计划、打算、有规律动作。你能想出几个例子吗？
9．I think you have known something about the present indefinite tense. But I have one more point to tell you.
That is：Sometimes the present indefinite tense is used in the object clause when the past indefinte tense is used in the main sentence, Can you show me an example？
10．So much for the present indefinite tense. Let's come to the present continuous tense. Do you know the form of the verb when it is used as the present continuous tense？
11．You are right. Then what kind of adverbial is used？
那么用什么状语呢？
12．现在进行时有一个特殊的意义, 它可以表示将来发生的动作。但是这些动词必须是表示位置移动的单词。例如：go, come, start, leave 等。 Would you please give me two sentences？
13．Very good. Now shall we talk about the future indefinite tense？This kind of tense refers to an action that is going to happen in the future. Would you please say more？
14．一般将来时除去will do结构外, 还有其他结构, 也可表示将来时, 但注意这些结构有其他意义在里边。如： be going to do…表示动作将要发生, 表示主观打算。
be to do表示安排、计划好的动作, 表示命令、可能等意义。
be about to do…表示眼下即将发生……
Can you make some sentences？
15．The past indefinite tense expresses an action happened in the past. It's usually used with the adverbials such as yesterday, last month（ year, week）, the day before yesterday, … ago, in 1968 etc.它的谓语动词形式是什么样的呢？
16．Now let's come to the present perfect tense. In this tense, the action also happened in the past, but the action has something to do with“now”.
现在完成时动作发生在过去, 但它对现在有影响。谓语动词的形式为have done, done代表过去分词。have还有一种变化, 即has。has用于第三人称单数, 其他人称用have, 请你给出几个现在完成时的句子。
17．请你根据刚才的句子, 归纳一下现在完成时有几种含义？
18．现在完成时的这两种含义非常重要, 要认真领会。这里引出了两个概念：延续性动词与非延续性动词。即：点性动词与线性动词。所谓点性动词就是不能延续的动词；线性动词就是可以延续的动词。延续性动词用于现在完成时的第二种用法, 点性动词用于第一种用法。
19．点点结合, 线线结合是完成时中一个重要原则, 这个问题往往是学生容易出错的地方。请把下列句子的错误改正过来：
A．He has come for 3 hours.
B．The girl has waited since two years.
C．The old man has died for ten years.
D．I have bought the book for two months.
20．那么，在英语中，同一种意思，既有点性动词，又有线性动词的实例很多。Now would you please show the continuous verbs of the following ?
A．join the army
B．join the Party
C．come back
D．borrow a book
E．buy a book
F． leave
G．go out
H．die
I．open
J．begin
K． arrive
21．在完成时的句子中, 同一种意思可以有几种英语表达方法。如：
我入团已经5年了。有以下几种表达方式：
A．I have been a League member for 5 years.
B．It's five years since I joined the League.
I joined the League 5 years ago.
I have been a League member since 5 years ago.
Now I give you some sentences and please try to express the same meaning in other ways.
A．He has been here for 2 hours.
B．They've been away since 1960.
C．The film has been on for one hour.
22．Now let's do some other exercises. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of verbs.
A．I ____ （lose）my pen.
She ____ （ lose） her pen yesterday.
B．I ____ （be）to the Agricultural Exhibition.
I ____ （go） to the Agricultural Exhibition last week.
C．The car ____ （stop）.
The car ____ （stop） just now.
D．A： ____ you ____ your lunch ?
B：Yes, I ____ .
A：When ____ you ____ it ?
B：I ____ it about half an hour ago.
23．Now let me say something about “have been to” and“have gone to”.
have been to 意思是“去过”。
have gone to 意思是“去了”。
请翻译下列各句：
A．我去海南四次了。
B．他已经去南方了。
C．你去过东京吗？
D．小李已经去办公室了。
你可以去那儿找他。
E．你去哪儿了？
F．他去哪儿了？
24．通过练习，对现在完成时和过去时有了足够的认识, 你能说出它们的异同点吗？
25．Very good !Here's a drawing to show the difference between the present perfect tense and the past indefinite tense.
e．g．He was a student in the past.
e．g． He has been a student for 2 years.
26．现在来谈谈对比时态问题。所谓对比时态是指两个动作同时存在, 但有时间前后。这样的时态有过去将来时、过去完成时。
27．过去完成时也可跟另一个时间进行对比, 含义仍然是到过去某个时间为止, 如它与 by the end of…, by the time when…
例如：
A．They had completed the program by the end of the last year.
B．The train had left by the time when we arrived at the station.
28．You are right. The present continuous tense expresses an action happening at a present moment or during a present period of time, while the past continuous tense refers to the past.
e．g．My daughter was reviewing her lessons at eight last night.
What were you doing while I was watching TV ?
Students
1．I think“tense” is a certain form of a verb. It changes according to the time of the action.
我想“时态”是动词的某种形式, 它随动作的时间而发生变化。
2．We have learned eight tenses. They are： the present indefinite tense, the past indefinite tense, the future indefinite tense, the present continuous tense, the present perfect tense, the past continuous tense, the past perfect tense and the future-in-the-past indefinite tense.
我们学习了：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
3．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态、过去、现在以及将来一直进行的动作或存在的状态。
4．一般现在时, 谓语动词要随主语人称而变化。be动词有三种变化形式, 即am, is, are；行为动词有两种变化形式, 即：原形和第三人称单数。
5．行为动词第三人称有以下几种变化形式：
A．动词后面直接加“s”, 如works, plays, learns。
B．以［K］［CM］, ［DN］,［M］,［L］ 结尾的单词, 词尾加“es”, 如果词尾有“e”, 则只加“s”, 如：misses, finishes, teaches, loses。
C．如词尾以辅音字母+y结尾, 应变y为“i”, 再加“es”, 如： flies, carries。
D．特殊情况：go和do词尾加“es”。
6．啊！我明白了, 像 works, 由于 s之前是k, 读作［E］, 是清辅音, 所以s读作［K］；又如：learns s之前是浊辅音［Q］, 所以它读作浊辅音［L］； plays s之前由于是ay字母组合, 读作元音音素［-!］, 所以s读作［L］这叫做“元-浊”。
7．与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, twice a week, every day…
8． A．If it is fine tomorrow, I will go out for a picnic.
（条件状语从句中一般现在时表示将来）
B．When they leave school, they will go back to the factory.（时间状语从句一般现在时表示将来）
C．The train starts at ten o'clock in the morning.
（计划, 有规律的动作表示将来）
9．Yes, I can. Here's a sentence.
The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. Here“rises”is the present indefinite tense. This tense is used because it happens regularly.
因为动作是有规律地发生。
10．The form of the verb is“be doing”, and“be”can be changeable.
For example：am, is, are. I think the present continuous tense expresses an action happening at present time or during present period of time.
For example：
He is reading a book now.
We are learning BookⅡthis week.
11．现在进行时与 now, at the present, this year（week, month）等时间状语连用。
12．
A．He is coming to see me tomorrow.
明天他要来看我。
B．They are leaving Shanghai for Beijing.他们要离开上海去北京。
13．OK ! The future indefinite tense is connected with the future time, such as, tomorrow, next week（year, month）, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in a month （year） etc.
它的动词结构是will do 有时第一人称单复数用shall do。
14．Yes, I can.
A．We are going to help the farmers on the Red Star Farm.
我们打算去红星农场帮助农民们。
B．The boys are to go to school next week.
这些男孩们下周要上学了。
C．We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now.
我们就要离开了, 所以现在没有时间去看他了。
15．一般过去时, 谓语动词的形式应该用过去时。即：原形动词后加ed, 还有一些特殊形式的动词。如：go----went, see----saw, do----did, read----read, give----gave, sit----sat。
我想特殊动词要特殊记忆。
16．我清楚了, 现在完成时谓语动词形式have done, 可以这样理解：have是“变量”；done是“常量”。
A．We have cleaned the room now.
我们现在已经打扫了房间。
B．He has cleaned the room now.
他现在已经打扫了房间。
C．They have been here for 3 hours.
他们在这儿呆了3个小时了。
D．The professor has worked in this university since 1969．
教授自从1969年就在这所大学里工作。
17．我想有两种含义：
一种是动作发生在过去, 动作不延续, 但对现在有结果和影响。如句子A、B表示打扫房间的动作发生在过去, 但强调的是现在房间已经干净了。
另一种是动作从过去开始一直延续到现在, 对现在有结果和影响, 如句子C、D。
18．点性动词应当与点性时间状语连用, 线性动词与线性时间状语连用。点性时间状语有：now, today, already, just, before, never, ever, always, yet等, 线性时间状语有for…, since…等。
19．A句中应当把come改为 been here, come为点性动词, for为线性时间状语。
B句有两种改法，一是将since改为for, 意思是“已经等了两年了”。另一种是在two years之后加ago, 意思是“自从两年前就开始等, 一直等到现在。”
C句将 died改为 been dead, 因为 for ten years是线性时间状语, die为点性动词, 不能延续, 而 be dead是线性动词, 可与 for短语连用。
D．将 bought改为 kept或 had。 buy为点性动词, have（keep）为线性动词。
20．Let me have a try．
join the army----serve in the army
join the Party----be a Party member
come back----be back
borrow a book----keep a book
buy a book----have a book
leave----be away
go out----be out
die----be dead
open----be open
begin----be on
arrive----be here
A．He has been here since two hours ago.
It's two hours since he came.
He came here two hours ago.
B．They went away in 1960.
They have been away for 40 years.
It's 40 years since they went away.
C．The film began an hour ago.
It's one hour since the film began.
The film has been on since one hour ago.
21．A．He has been here since two hours ago.
It's two hours since he came.
He came here two hours ago.
B．They went away in 1960.
They have been away for 40 years.
It's 40 years since they went away.
C．The film began an hour ago.
It's one hour since the film began.
The film has been on since an hour ago.
22．
A．have lost； lost
B．have been； went
C．has stopped； stopped
D．Have… had
have
did… have
had
23．
A．I have been to Hainan four times.
B．He has gone to the South.
C．Have you ever been to Tokyo ?
D．Xiao Li has been to his office. You can find him there.
E．Where have you been ?
F． Where has he gone ?
24．在我看来，它们的相同之处是动作都发生在过去，它们的不同点是现在完成时的动作对现在有影响，而过去时对现在没有影响。
25．图A表示动作发生在过去，处于静止状态, 而图B表示动作发生在过去，但它指向现在，对现在有结果和影响，最后强调的是现在。
26．当主句动作发生在过去，从句动作发生在它之后，这时从句谓语用过去将来时。如：
I said that I would go to that island.
“said”在前，相对它来讲，would go在后。
可当一个动作发生在过去而另一个动作发生在它之前, 那么这个动作则要用过去完成时。如：
I said that I had finished the composition.
said发生在过去, had finished在它之前发生, 称之为过去的过去。
27．现在我明白啦！过去完成时和过去将来时只有在与另一个过去的动作进行对比的情况下才能存在。所以把这两种时态叫对比时态。
老师，我有一个问题，过去进行时是指过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作吗？
四、精选题
选择填空：
1．----Can I join your club, Dad？ [ ]
----You can when you ____ a bit older.（'94）
A．get B．will get
C．are getting D．will have got
2．----I'm sorry to keep you waiting.（'94） [ ]
----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only a few minutes.
A．have been B．had been
C．was D．will be
3．I don't really work here；I ____ until the new secretary arrives.（'94） [ ]
A．just help out
B．have just helped out
C．am just helping out
D．will just help out
4．I need one more stamp before my collection ____ . [ ]
A．has completed
B．completes
C．has been completed
D．is completed
5．I first met Lisa three years ago．She ____ at a radio shop at the time.（'97） [ ]
A．has worked
B．was working
C．had been working
D．had worked
6．----Is this raincoat yours？ [ ]
----No, mine ____ there behind the door.（'97）
A．is hanging B．has hung
C．hangs D．hung
7．----Nancy is not coming tonight. [ ]
----But she ____ ！（'98）
A．has written B．wrote
C．had written D．was writing
8．Shirley ____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.（'98） [ ]
A．has written B．wrote
C．had written D．was writing
9．----Hi, Tracy, you look tired. [ ]
----I am tired. I ____ the living room all day.（'98）
A．painted
B．had painted
C．have been painting
D．have painted
10． The price ____ , but I doubt whether it will remain so.（'99） [ ]
A．went down
B．will go down
C．has gone down
D．was going down
11．----Bob has gone to California. I hear. [ ]
----Oh. I wonder when he ____ .（'96海淀）
A．has left B．leaves
C．left D．was leaving
12．----Have you got your test result ? [ ]
----Not yet. The papers ____ .（'96海淀）
A．are not correcting
B．have not corrected
C．are still being corrected
D．have already been corrected
13．----Why weren't you at the meeting ? [ ]
----I ____ for a long----distance call from my father in Australia.（'99西城）
A．waited B．was waiting
C．had waited D．have been waited
14．The telephone ____ four times in the last hour, and each time it ____ for my roommate.（'99西城） [ ]
A．has rung; was
B．has been ringing; is
C．had rung; was
D．rang; has been
15． Two million tons of oil ____ exploited in this area that year.（'99西城） [ ]
A．was B．has been
C．were D．have been
16．----What time ____ Tom tomorrow？ [ ]
----At 3：00 p．m．（'99西城）
A．do you meet
B．will you meet
C．would you meet
D．are you meeting
17． That was not a good place to go skating. You ____ your leg. [ ]
A．can break
B．could break
C．could have broken
D．could have been broken
18．---- ____ the sports meet might be put off. [ ]
----Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A．I've been told
B．I've told
C．I'm told
D．I told
19．----Your phone number again？ I ____ quite catch it. [ ]
----It's 9568442．
A．didn't B．couldn't
C．don't D．can't
20． As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. [ ]
A．read; was falling
B．was reading; fell
C．was reading; was falling
D．read; fell
21．I don't think Jim saw me; he ____ into space. [ ]
A．just stared
B．was just staring
C．has just stared
D．had just stared
22．----Who is Jerry Cooper？ [ ]
---- ____ ? I saw gou shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A．Don't you meet him yet
B．Hadn't you met him yet
C．Didn't you meet him yet
D．Haven't you met him yet
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1． I'm afraid I can't get in all the wheat within such a short time unless you ____ to help me tomorrow.（come）
2． They left for Beijing last week and we ____ then so far.（not hear）
3．When we reached the airport, we were surprised to find that Uncle's plane ____ . （land）
4．I ____ he had finished his work.（think）
5．We ____ the problem for quite some time, but we any conclusion yet.（discuss, not reach）
6．He said this book would be published if the writer ____ .（agree）
7．John works very hard. In fact, I think he ____ right now.（study）
8．The little boy didn't see me, he ____ a golden fish in a basin.（watch）
9．I have to make a quick phone call. Can you wait a few moments ? It ____ long.（not take）
10．They ____ themselves on the beach when the train ____ .（enjoy, come）
答案：
选择填空：
1～5 AACDB 6～10 ABDCC 11～15 CCBAC
16～20 BBAAB 21～22 BD
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1．come 主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。
2．haven't heard so far与现在完成时连用。
3．had landed 在 reached之前发生, 故用过去完成时。
4．thought
5．have been discussing, haven't reached 讨论从过去开始一直到现在, 但是到目前仍没有结论。
6．agreed 主句是过去时, 从句动作受它影响。
7． is studying
8．was watching 没有看到我, 那时正观看金鱼。
9．won't take
10．were enjoying, came
责任编辑：李芳芳
It 句型归纳
1． It is ＋adj．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible，
important， impossible， necessary， good， bad， exciting，
interesting， surprising等。如：
It is necessary to change your job．
It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in
the snow．
2． It is ＋n．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的名词有： pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s
job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如：
It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful
play．
It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats
for the old．
3． It is ＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．
此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：
kind, nice, wise,
silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如：
How silly it was of you to give up such a good
chance！
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel
at home in their house．
4． It is ＋adj．（＋n．）＋doing sth．
此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no／little use, no／much good,
useless等。如：
It’s no use crying over spilt milk．
5．It takes sb．＋一段时间＋to do sth． 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。如：
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the
sea．
6．It is ＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句
此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported,
recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如：
It is reported that the Russian President will visit
China next week．
7．It ＋不及物动词＋that从句
此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem， happen， appear， matter等。如：
It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow．
It happened that I met my good friends in the museum
yesterday．
8．强调句型：It is＋被强调部分＋that／who从句
在使用强调句型时要注意，指人时可以用who或that，其它情况一律用that。如：
It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball
this morning．
It is Mr Bell who／that often comes and looks after
the old man．
9．It is／has been＋一段时间＋since从句。如：
It is ／has been three years since we saw each other
last．
10．It is (high) time that sb． did sth．
该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”，从句常用过去时（虚拟语气）
说明现在应该做的事情。如：
It’s six o’clock．It is high time that we went home
now．
责任编辑：李芳芳
