下面是小编为大家整理的高三英语复习(情态动词、虚拟语气) (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)（共含19篇），以供大家参考借鉴!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“麻酱电子狗”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
高三英语复习专题(情态动词、虚拟语气)
（出题人：蔡炳成）
情态动词常规题：
1. I lived with my sister this summer and didn’t have to pay rent. So I ______ save most of my salary.
A. could B. would C. was able to D. should
2. --- Look, John’s fallen asleep.
--- Oh, he ______ too late last night.
A. might sit up B. should have sat up C. could sit up D. must have sat up
3. On Sundays when I was a child, Father and I ____ get up early and go fishing.
A. could B. would C. might D. should
4. --- Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting.
--- Yes, but I think the weather office’s computers ___ be more accurate.
A. can B. must C. ought to D. might
5. --- Are you still going to Shanghai for the Spring Festival?
--- Yes, but I really ____ because I have a lot of things to deal with.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. won’t D. shouldn’t
6. –Well, I forgot to bring my dictionary here yesterday.
-- Actually you ____ it here. You were not allowed to use it.
A. needn’t bring B. needn’t have brought
C. didn’t need to bring D. don’t have to bring
7. --- Shall I book the table for the dinner?
---Yes, you____. The restaurant is always full of people.
A. can B. will C. must D. need
8. The poor boy ____ the test again; in that case, his mother will be very disappointed.
A. must have failed B. might fail C. could have failed D. should fail
9. --- Why ____ it rain now? I ___ go to the concert at 7.
--- What a pity!
A. can; might not B. should; needn’t C. must; can’t D. need; mustn’t
10. --- We need some fresh air, but the window open.
--- _____I help you?
A. didn't; Will B. shan't; Need C. mustn't; May D. won't; Shall
11. -- What do you think of your nephew?
-- He _____ be very naughty but at the same time you _____ help liking him.
A. will; will B. won’t; can’t C. may; may D. can; can’t
12. It was impossible that she____ go down, step by step down the unexpected stairs into the dark below.
A. should dare B. should dare to C. must dare D. must dare to
13. --- I am told that John had another car accident this morning.
--- I believe not. He ______ so careless.
A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been
C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been
14. ---You ought to have given them some advice.
---____, but who cared what I said?
A. So I ought B. So ought I C. So I did D. So did I
15. ---Write to me when you get home.
---______.
A.I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
16. Shut your mouth. Nothing ___ stop me once I have made up my mind.
A. will B. ought to C. shall D. must
17. Keep up a good state of mind even if you _____fail plenty of times.
A. must B. will C. can D. should
18. The policeman told the pupils. “You _____ play football in the street.”
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
19. If you ____ wait a moment, I will go and find our manager.
A. can B. should C. will D. must
20. Don’t believe him. His story ____ be true.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. may not
情态动词高考题：
21. --- I think I’ll give Bob a ring.
--- You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.（06苏）
A. will B. may C. have to D. should
22. --- What’s the name?
--- Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you? （06京）
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
23. If it were not for the fact that she________ sing, I would invite her to the party.（06闽）
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
24. ______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（06鄂）
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
25. As you worked late yesterday, you___ __ have come this morning.（06陕）
A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
26. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ____put forward are turned down.（06福建）
A. could B. would C.不填 D. had
27. Some aspects of a pilot’s job _____ be boring, and pilots often _____ work at inconvenient hours. (06湖南)
A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must
28. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ____ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
(06江西)
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken
29. If I _____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of
it as possible. （05湖北卷）
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
30. - Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
- Something ________ to him. (05江西卷)
A. must happen B. should have happened
C. could have happened D. must have happened
31. John, look at the time. _____ you play the piano at such a late hour? （05全国卷3）
A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need
32. There _____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. （05上海卷）
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
33. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _____ at least 150 kilometers an hour. （05重庆卷）
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
34. I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere. （05北京春季）
A. must drop B. must have dropped
C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
35. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. （04重庆）
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
36. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up. （04广西）
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
37. --- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
--- You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it. （04湖南）
A. shan't B. might not C. needn't D. shouldn't
38. --- Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. _____I go out and play with Tom for a while?
--- No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. （04辽宁）
A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t C. May not D. Won’t
39. You ______ be tired---- you’ve only been working for an hour. （04全国II）
A. must not B. won’t be C. can’t D. may not
40. --- Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
--- Oh, he______ have been a very smart boy then. （04全国IV）
A. could B. should C. might D. must
41. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _______ not like the design of the furniture. （04上海春季）
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
虚拟语气:
42. I could have called you for help, but I ____ your number.
A. couldn’t have remembered B. didn’t remember
C. should have remembered D. hadn’t remembered
43. She suggested to the police in the police station that Mr. Smith ____.
A. stole the necklace B. should steal the necklace
C. had stolen the necklace D. steal the necklace
44. ____ it would stop snowing!
A. If only B. Only if C. Even if D. But for
45. My advice is that he ___ so much.
A. not smoke B. doesn’t smoke C. won’t smoke D. must not smoke
46. How I wish I ____ that! Everybody present was angry with me.
A. didn’t do B. hadn’t done C. wouldn’t do D. wasn’t doing
47. _____ it to clear up tomorrow, the tourists would climb to the top of the mountain to wait for the sun _____.
A. If; to raise B. Were; to rise C. Should; to rise D. Because; raising
48. ____the expense, I ___to Italy.
A. If it were not; go B. Were it not for; I would go
C. Weren’t it for; will go D. If it hadn’t been; would have gone
49. His illness was too serious; otherwise he_______saved.
A. could be B., couldn’t have been C. could have D. could have been
50. --- I have great difficulty working out this problem.
--- _____ to me, you _____ less difficulty with such problems.
A. If you had listened, would have had B. If you listened, would have
C. Had you listened, would have D. If you listen, will have
51. ---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?
---Yes, but I ___ busy doing my homework.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
52. _____the fog, we should have reached the top of the hill.
A. In spite of B. If there were no C. But for D. Because of
53. Tom insisted what he said ____ true and we insisted that he ____ and have a look.
A. be; should go B. should be; would go C. was ; go D. was ; would go
54. He acts as if he _______the owner of the house.
A. will be B. has been C. is D. were
55. It’s about time that you _____to study English.
A. begin B. will begin C. have begun D. began
56. How I wish it____! If it ___in a few days, the crops would be saved.
A. will rain; rained B. would rain; should rain
C. should rain; rains D. would rain; had rained
57. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______ away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
58. I’d rather you me the news.
A. not tell B. not to tell C. didn’t tell D. hadn’t told
59. The old professor gave orders that the experiment ______before 6.
A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished
60. ______ you succeed and ______you be healthy.
A. May; may B. Wish; wish C. Hope; hope D. Should; may
61. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d ______ there by now.
A. be B. was C. were D. are
KEY:
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情态动词
情态动词一般用法，大家都比较熟悉，但是，到了高中阶段，它的用法外延的比较多，很难理解和掌握。这里，就其考点列举如下：
一． 情态动词的现在完成式的用法
情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面must/mustn’t;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t; oughtn’t等情态动词＋完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的
1． 表示已经发生的情况。
1） must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……如：
My pain____apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?”
A must be B had been C must have been D had to be
2） can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”,如：
Mary____my letter; otherwise she would have replied before
A couldn’t have received B ought to have received
C has received D shouldn’t have received
3） may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。如：
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2．表示虚拟语气。
1) needn’t have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于”didn’t need to do”,译为“其实没必要……”。如：
As it turned out to be a small house party, we____so formally.
A needn’t dress up B did not need have dressed up
C did not need dress up D needn’t have dressed up
2）should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该……”should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该……”。如：
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
（我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好，但实际上作者还是没有规划好，以至工作没有完成。）
3) ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”，与should 的完成式含义类似。如：
You ought to have told him that the paint on that seat was wet..
4) could have +过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。如：
What you said is right, but you could have done it better.
5) may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“（那样）也许会……”。如：
You may have noticed something while you were doing this task.
3.几个情态动词常考的句型：
1)may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近,意为“最好，还是，不妨”。
You may as well repeat the experiment.
2) cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over….如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。
3) usedn’t 或did’t use to 为used to (do) 的否定式。
Tom used not to rise at six every morning.
4）should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：
I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做。
二． 情态动词被动关系的主动表达法
1． want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。
Your hair wants cutting
The work is worth reading
The floor requires washing.
2．need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.
The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.
补充：
had better, should, ought to是重要的情态动词，也是高考重要考点，学习时应注意下列几点：
一、了解相互间关系
had better(最好), should(应该)与ought to（应该）均为提建议、阐述观点的情态动词，其后接动词原形。should 比had better语气强，ought to语气最强。一般情况下should与ought to可通用。
例1：You had better go there at once. 你最好立即去那里。
例2：You ought to / should work hard.你应该努力工作。
值得注意的是：should还有“竟然”之意，表出乎意料。
例：You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady. 你真是难以想象这么一个有风度的先生对一个女子是如此之粗鲁。
二、掌握句型变换方法
had better, should, ought to作为情态动词，各种句型变换均在自身形式上作变化。
（一）否定句
had better, should, ought to用于否定句时，否定词均位于其后，具体形式为：had better not do, shouldn't / should not do, oughtn't to do。
例1：You had better not start at this time. 此时你最好别出发。
例2：He shouldn't be careless in class. 他上课时不应粗心。
例3：She oughtn't to waste time. 她不应该浪费时间。
（二）一般疑问句
had better, should, ought to用于一般疑问句时，分别将had, should, ought提至句首。
例1：Had he better start early at once? 他最好立即出发吗？
例2：Should you do like this? 你应该这么做吗？
例3：Ought he to go there? 他应该去那里吗？
（三）反意疑问句
陈述句谓语动词含had better, should, ought to时，反意疑问句为：had, should与ought+主格人称代词或hadn't, shouldn't, oughtn't+主格人称代词。
例1：You had better not go home, had you? 你最好别回家，是吗？
例2：You should study hard,
shouldn't you? 你应该认真学习，是吗？
例3：He oughtn't to speak in class, ought he? 你上课不应该讲话，是吗？
三、掌握其完成式用法
had better没有完成式，should与ought to完成式意义与用法完全相同。
（一）should/ought to have done 意为本来应做但实际没有做，表达遗憾的感情色彩。
例：There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You ________ come, but why didn't you?
A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have
析：答案D。 该空含你本来应来但实际未来之意，应填ought to have。
（二）should / oughtn't to have done，意为本来不应做但实际已做，表达遗憾的感情色彩。
例：I was really anxious about you. You ________ home without a word.
A. mustn't leave
B. shouldn't have left
C. couldn't have left
D. needn't leave
析：答案B。 该空含你本不应该一句话不说就离开家但实际已这么做之意，所以应填shouldn't have left。
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高三英语复习专题（动词短语）
(出题人 王海棠)
1. The war _______ the world great suffering and sadness.
A. brought in B. brought about C. brought up D. brought out
2. The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language _____ in the 16th century.
A. came about B. came out C. came along D. came up
3. There are some differences between American English and British English. Do you know how these differences _______?
A. came about B. came out C. came up D. were happened
4. We _____ the children in poor areas clothes and some money.
A. offered B. provided C. supplied D. helped
5. Her mother was ill, so a doctor was _______.
A. called on B. called at C. called in D. called back
6. We _______the Green’s yesterday on our way home from work and stayed there for some time.
A. called on B. called at C. dropped in D. called for
7. Once a plan is made, it must be firmly _______.
A. carried out B. carried off C. carry away D. carried on
8. . King called _____ the black people not to give _____ but to continue the struggle.
A. for; in B. on; in C. out ; away D. in; off
9. A big fire _______ in the hotel last night.
A. broke away B. broke up C. broke out D. was broken out
10. Don’t stay up too late, or your body will_______.
A. break up B. break out C. break off D. break down
11. A truck ______ Jane’s cat and sped away.
A. ran over B. ran into C. ran across D. ran down
12. I was late because my car ______.
A. broke up B. broke off C. broke down D. broke out
13. Nobody realized the importance of the problem when it was first ______ at the meeting.
A. brought about B. brought up C. brought on D. brought in
14. We were suddenly ______ in the middle of our telephone conversation.
A. cut out B. cut off C. rung off D. broken off
15. Can you ______ what is written on the board?
A. make of B. make up C. make out D. make away
16. He first ____ the proposal that men and women should receive equal pay for equal work.
A. put up B. put on C. put forward D. put out
17. ______ the oppression for long years, the peasants at last rebelled(反抗).
A. Having put up B. Having put through C. Having put up with D. Having put over
18. He ______ the family business when his father suffered a heart attack.
A. took up B. took over C. took after D. took on
19. I promise to _______ the matter as soon as I get back to the head office.
A. look for B. look in C. look into D. look up
20. I know all your tricks, so don’t try to take me _______.
A. in B. off C. up D. away
21. Science has ______ many changes in our life.
A. brought up B. brought about C. brought out D. brought down
22. To test his theory, the scientist ______ an experiment.
A. set out B. set off C. set about D. set forth
23. By the time the fire engine arrived, the fire had been ______ by many citizens.
A. put on B. put off C. put out D. put through
24. He’ll soon ______ his disappointment and be quite cheerful again by the morning.
A. get out of B. get over C. get through D. get away
25. I will _______my appointment until tomorrow.
A. put up B. put away C. put out D. put off
26. He _______ a sum of money every week for his old age.
A. sets up B. set out C. sets in D. set aside
27. You should tell from his big ears that he ______ his father.
A. took off B. took down C. took from D. took after
28. The weather forecast was good so it should ______ fine after all.
A. turn into B. turn up C. turn out D. turn over
29. I never expected you to ______ at the meeting. I thought you were abroad.
A. turn in B. turn on C. turn up D. turn to
30. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work ______ all their time.
A. takes away B. takes over C. takes up D. takes in
31. When they had finished playing, the children were made to _____all the toys they had taken out.
A. put off B. put out C. put up D. put away
32. The good service at the hotel _______ the poor food to some extend.
A. made for B. made out C. made up of D. made up for
33. – Why ask me to take that early bus?
--Because that bus _______ the 9:30 a.m. train at Boston.
A. joins to B. joins with C. unites with D. connects with
34. Don’t _______ when your teacher is giving you some advice how to master English.
A. drop in B. let out C. move in D. break in
35. I had a lot of books that I didn’t want to keep, so I _______ them away to a friend.
A. lent B. gave C. turned D. threw
36. If better use is _______ of your spare time, you’ll make great progress in it.
A. thought B. spent C. taken D. made
37. – Did you enjoy the book?
--Yes. It was so interesting that I couldn’t _______ it.
A. get rid of B. break away from C. keep away from D. tear myself away from
38. – Oh, my god! It’s just a sea of cars. How can you ______ your car?
A. took out B. find out C. pick out D. get out
39. – This is Xiao Li speaking.
--Hi, Xiao Li, please stay at home, I’ll_____ you at 6’clock and we’ll go to the cinema together.
A. call for B. wait for C. sent for D. look for
40. If Tim carries on working like this, he’ll ______ sooner or later.
A. break down B. give up C. get down D. break up
41. He said he would ______ what he had said.
A. take back B. take away C. take in D. take up
42. Who was it that ______ the secret?
A. gave out B. let out C. get out D. set out
43. I wish you’d stop _______. We all know how clever you are!
A. showing around B. showing off C. showing up D. showing over
44. Can you tell me how it ______ that you were an hour late?
A. came about B. came up C. came out D. came across
45. She ______ some old letters in the course of her search.
A. came across B. came out C. came up D. came about
46. News reports say peace talks between the two countries ______ with no agreement reached.
A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken off
47. Children under six are not______ to school except those of extraordinary intelligence.
A. permitted B. admitted C. accepted D. received
48. The doctor advised that I should______ smoking.
A. cut off B. cut out C. cut down D. cut away
49. He ______ some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
A. made out B. picked up C. gave up D. took in
50. University readers can ______ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through
51. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ______.
A. give out B. give in C. turned off D. go out
52. The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather ______ the helplessness of the crew at sea.
A. added to B. resulted from C. turned out D. made up
53. The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be _______.
A. turned down B. turned off C. turned over D. turned away
54. We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to ______ it. It might be valuable.
A. hold on to B. keep up with C. turn to D. look after
55. Although the working mother is very busy, she still _____ a lot of time to her children.
A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides
56. The seller would sell the sweater for nine dollars, but the customer ______ eight dollars.
A. charged B. asked C. sold D. offered
57. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health ______ poor.
A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues
58. Burlington isn’t much more than a large village. Its streets were never ______ for heavy traffic.
A. tested B. meant C. kept D. used
59. We’re going to _____ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us?
A. get in B. get over C. get along D. get together
60. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to ______ from home and earn some money on his own.
A. run away B. take away C. keep away D. get away
61. I don’t ______ rock’n’roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.
A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go for
62. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _____ it.
A. get over B. got on with C. got around D. got out of
63. We have to ______ the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is on the way.
A. get away B. get across C. get through D. get in
64. Once a decision is made, all of us should ______ it.
A. insist on B. stick to C. refer to D. lead to
65. It was foolish of him to ______ his notes during that important test, and as a result , he got punished.
A. stick to B. refer to C. look up D. point to
66. The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to ______ our studies.
A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over
67. I couldn’t ______. The line was busy.
A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through
68. The storm died away at last with the golden waves ______ the shore in peace.
A. striking B. hitting C. beating D. knocking
69. Quite a few people used to believe that a disaster ______if a mirror was broken.
A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike
70. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _______ run over by a car.
A. have B. get C. become D. turn
71. If you ______ any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.
A. come up with B. set about C. run into D. put aside
72. Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _______ the shocking ending.
A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off
73. －What’s the matter with you?－After the long walk ,my legs ______ and I couldn’t go any further.
A. gave out B. gave off C. gave in D. gave up
74. It suddenly _______me that I had to get to the airport to meet a friend.
A. took B. struck C. occurred D. surprised
75. Time will ______whether I made the right choice or not.
A. see B. say C. know D. tell
76. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _______ jokes.
A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up
Key：
1-5 BBAAC 6-10 BABCD 11-16 ACBBC 17-20 CBCAB 21-25 BCCBD 26-30 DDCCC
31-35 DDDDB 36-40 DDCAA 41-45ABBAA 46-50 ABCBC 51-55 DADAA 56-60 DBBDD
61-65 DADBB 66-70 ADCDB 71-76 CAABAC
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语法系列复习专题-----情态动词与虚拟语气
一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答
1. Need I/he/…?
Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)
2. Must I/ he/…?
No,you/ he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)have to.(不用mustn’t)
3. May I/ he/…?
No,you/ he/…mustn’t.(少用may not)
4. Could(Can)you…?
Yes,I can (不用could)
5. Shall I/she/ he…?
No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t
二、情态动词表“推测”
1.can,may,must使用的句式：
1)肯定陈述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定”意，may/might表“也许，或许”意。
2)否定陈述句中：can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意，may not/might not表“也许不、可能不”意。
3)疑问句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。
注意：表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。
2.对目前状态的推测：
1)must/may/might/can/could＋be＋表语
例如：She must be a teacher.她肯定是老师。She can’t/couldn’t be a doctor.她肯定不是医生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是医生。
2)must/may/might/can/could＋一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belong to等)
例如：She must have her own car,for she has a lot of money.
That kind of bird may live in the valleys.
3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测：
句式：must/may/might/can/could＋be doing
例如：They must be waiting for us.他们肯定正在等我们。
She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作业。
Can/Could he be playing football?他会正在踢足球吗？
4.对已发生的事情进行推测：
句式：must/may/might/can/could＋have done
例如：There’s no lignt in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She can’t/couldn’t have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beijing last year?
注意：will have done句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。
例如：He will have learned advanced mathematics,for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能学过高等数学，因为他对此懂得很多。
三、“情态动词＋have done”用法
1.should/ought to ＋have done,意“本应该…”，含有责备或后悔意。
例如：You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./
2.shouldn’t/oughtn’t to＋have done,意“本不应该”，含有责备或后悔意。
例如：You shouldn’t have watered the flower./I oughtn’t to have scolded her for such a small thing.
3.might have done,意“过去可能做”；could have done意“本能够做”，两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意，也可表对过去情况的推测。
例如：He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang.last week,but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。We could have finished the work ahead of time.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。
四、情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法
1.“肯定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would/won’t you形式。
例如：Stand still,will/would/won’t you?
2.“否定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would you形式。
例如：Don’t watch TV,will/would you?
3.Let’s…,shall we? ; Let us…,will/won’t you?
4.含有must句子的反意问句
1)must表示“必须”时，附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如：He must go with you,needn’t/mustn’t he?
2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时，附加部分用may.例如：She mustn’t leave,may she?
3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：
A.He must be an engineer,isn’t he?They must be writing now,aren’t they?(这类句子问句前部分含“must be…”或“must be doing…”。)
B.She must have a car/live there, doesn’t she?
C.He must have seen the film,hasn’t he？(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为must have done,句子无具体过去时间状语。)
D.He must have seen the film last week,didn’t he?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为must have done,句子有具体过去时间状语。)
E.Mother must have been shopping then,wasn’t she?(前面部分谓语为must have been doing。)
5.含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。
例如：She may have finished her homework,hasn’t she?
五、几组词语辨析
1.must与have to:must强调说话者的主观看法，have to强调客观需要，表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’t have to,不能用mustn’t。
2.can/could与be able to:can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not) able to ，而不用could(not)。例如：He worked hard,but he wasn’t able to pass the exam.
3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fish will die out of water./ She’ll sit for hours without saying anything.
②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如：He would walk by the river in the morning.注意：would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说He would be late for school last year. ③used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如：He used to get up early. He used to be late for school.
4.dare与need
六、虚拟语气在if引导的条件句的用法
1)与现在事实相反的结构：
2）与过去事实相反的结构：
3）与将来事实相反的结构：
**当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：
If you had worked hard, you would be very tired.
(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在.)
5以上句型可以转换成下列形式:
**省略if,用“were, have, should +主语”. 例如:
Were I in school again, I would work harder.
Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.
Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.
**用介词短语代替条件状语从句：but forwithout.例如:
Without air, there would be on living things.
But for your help, I couldn’t have done it.
七、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
1.“wish +宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“可惜……”. “……就好了”, “悔不该……”, “但愿……”等.
表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would(could) +动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望时用“had +过去分词”或“(could)would +have +过去分词”.例如:
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish you could go with us.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
2.虚拟语气在动词一个坚持（insist）；两个命令（order，demand）;三个建议(advise,suggest,propose);四项要求（demand,require,request,ask）,等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+动词原形”.例如:
We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
He demanded that we (should) start right away.
**注意:insist作“力言”, “强调”解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,只有当insist作 “坚持(认为)”, “坚持(应该)”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气.例如:
Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
又如suggest
3.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句
作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”.例如:
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for
sightseeing.
My idea is that we (should) exercises first．
4.虚拟语气在 as if(as though)中，引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用．
如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时，指现在状况，则用过去时，指将来则用过去将来时．例如：
He looked as if he were an artist.
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England．
Even if he were here，he could not solve the problem．
5.虚拟语气用于主语从句．
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“ should 十动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等．例如：
It is necessary( important，natural，strange，etc) that … we should clean
the room every day.
It was a pity ( a shame，no wonder，etc) that you should be so careless．
It will be desired( suggested，decided，ordered，requested，proposed，etc)
that she should finish her homework this afternoon．
在上述三种主语从句中，should意为“应该”,“竟然”，可以省去，但不可换用would.主句所用动词的时态不限．
注意：这种从句表示的是事实．如果说话人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气．反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述语气，例如：
It is a strange that he did not come yesterday.
It is a pity that you can’t swim．
八.几种常见的其他虚拟语气结构
1.虚拟语气用于定语从句
这种从句常用在 It is( high) time( that)…句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或 should十动词原形( should不能省略，be用 were)来表示，意为“(现在)该……”。例如：
It is ( high) time we left (should leave).
lt is high time we were going.
2.虚拟语气用于 if only引导的感叹句中,用法同.wish
If only I had taken his advice.
我要是听他的话就好了．
If only I were a bird．我如果是一只鸟就好了．
3.虚拟语气在简单句中的应用
l)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中，例如：
It would be better for you not to stay up too late．
Would you be kind enough to open the door?
2)用于一些习惯表达法中，例如：
Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you. You had better go now．
3)用“ may 十动词原形”表示“祝愿”、“但愿”． may须置于句首，例如：May you be happy! May you succeed!
4.would rather-----
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虚拟语气
【押题依据】虚拟语气是历年高考的选考考点。在高考15套试题中考查虚拟语气的共两题。考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及宾语从句中的虚拟语气上。所设选项常通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示，而且都是结合具体语境来考查对考点的运用能力。今后高考对虚拟语气的命题重点仍会是在特定语境中考查虚拟语气中的含蓄虚拟条件句、宾语从句中的谓语动词等。
[押题1]-Can you come to attend our party tonight? -Sorry, but I do wish I ____. A. had B. can C. will D. could
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理清上下文语境，准确判断wish引导的宾语从句中虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】分析上下文语境可以知道，wish引导的宾语从句表示与将来事实相反的愿望，故应用would，could+动词原形。答案D。
[押题2] It is necessary that people both young and old in China ____some English to be prepared for the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in . A. learn B. will learn C. must learn D. have learned
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意在句型It is necessary(strange, natural, important...)+从句中，从句中谓语动词虚拟语气结构的使用。
【答案解析】在句型 It is necessary(strange, natural, important...)+从句结构中，从句中谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”构成，should 可以省略。答案A。
[押题3] If he his legs in the last training, he the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.
A. hadn’t hurt; would join in B. hadn’t hurt; would have taken part in
C. didn’t hurt; would go in for D. didn’t hurt; would have taken part in
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据句子意思准确推断出主从句中谓语动词虚拟结构的使用，特别注意主从句动作所发生的时间不一致性的关系。
【答案解析】根据句子结构可以知道，该题是由if引导的条件状语从句，分析句意，该句表示一种假设，从句中的动作是在过去发生，即表示与过去事实相反，主句的动作是在将来发生，即表示与将来事实相反，故从句谓语动词用had done，主句用would (could, might) +动词原形。答案A。
[押题4] I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise I ____you waiting for such a long time.
A. will not keep B. have not kept C. had not kept D. would not have kept
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要把握otherwise表示转折意义后的句子结构中虚拟语气的使用。
【答案解析】根据句子意义，otherwise 前的分句为客观事实，使用的为一般过去时，而otherwise 后一分句则表示与过去事实相反的一种假设，句中实际省略了if 条件句if I hadn’t been caught...故选项部分应为与过去事实相反的主句虚拟结构，应选 wouldn’t have kept。答案D。
[押题5] Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing ____ to her while facing her friends and relations. A. happened B. would happen C. was happened D. had happened
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确判断as if引导的从句中虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】在as if ，as though 引导的方式状语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟结构，根据题干中动词所使用的时态可以看出，选项部分是表示与过去事实相反的动作，要用had + 过去分词构成。答案 D。
[押题6] It’s high time that we students _____ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer.
A. work B. will work C. worked D. have to work
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意在句型It’s time that...结构中虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】在It is time that ...句型结构中，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟结构，可以用一般过去时，也可以用should +动词原形，但should不可省略。答案 C。
[押题7] ____him not to do so, he wouldn’t have made such a serious mistake.
A. Did I persuade B. If I persuade C. If I should persuade D. Had I persuade
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要把握在虚拟条件句中，省略if时，句子结构的使用。
【答案解析】题干中主句的谓语动词使用了wouldn’t have made， 说明该动作表示与过去事实相反，故条件句使用表示与过去事实相反的虚拟结构if sb. had+过去分词，或使用 had sb. done 即省略了if的虚拟结构。答案D。
[押题8] His suggestion that you ____once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tried C. must try D. can try
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意把握在表示“建议、命令、要求”等引导的名词性从句中，虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】分析句子意思可以知道，名词suggestion之后的从句为同位语从句，从句中应使用 “should+动词原形”。其中 should 可以省略。答案A。
[押题9]-Do you mind if we set out earlier tomorrow morning? -Well, I’d rather you____.
A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. wouldn’t
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意would rather后从句中虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】would rather后的从句，如果从句的谓语动词表示与现在或将来事实相反，常用一般过去时，如果与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。该题根据上下文语境可以知道，选项部分的动作是与将来事实相反，故用一般过去时。B。
[押题10]-I ____ to your birthday party last Sunday. -Unfortunately, you were out on business.
A. had come B. came C. would come D. would have come
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据上下文语境，准确推断出部分虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】根据对话情景可知，答句Unfortunately, you were out on business.（不幸的是你出差了）实际上是上一句暗示的条件。从答句所给的特定的动词时态（一般过去时）来看，上句所说内容是对过去情况的假设，故暗示的条件句应为If I hadn’t been out on business，由此可见，选项部分为主句的谓语动词，表示与过去事实相反，应选用would have come。答案 D。
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虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面对虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法分别介绍。
（一）虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
1.表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式用were)”．而主句中的谓语动词用“would (should, could，might)＋动词原形.”例如：
If I were you, I should study English.
If he had time，he would attend the meeting.
2.表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词用 “would (should, could, might)＋have＋过去分词”．例如：
If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't have failed in the examination.
3．表示与将来事实相反的假设时．条件从句和主句所用的谓语动词与“表示现在事实相反的假设” 的谓语动词相同，或者条件从句中用“were to(should)＋动词原形”．例如：
If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
4.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：
If you had worked hard，you would be very tired.（从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。）
5.以上句型可以转换成下列形式：
（1）省略if, 用 ”were, had, should+主语“。如：
Were I in school again, I would work harder.
Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.
Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.
但在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可以说：Were it not for the expend, I would go to Italy.但不能说：Weren't it for the expense, I would go to Italy.
(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。例如：
Without air, there would be no living things.
But for your help, I couldn't have done it.
(3)用其他方式表示。例如：
It would produce bad results to do that.＝If you have done that，it would produce bad results.
(二)虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1．“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望．汉语可译为“可惜……”“……就好了”“悔不该….”“但愿…”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望， 从句的谓语动词用过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would(could)+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望用“had＋过去分词”或（could）＋have done．例如：
I wish you could go with us.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
2. 虚拟语气在动词 arrange, command. demand, desire, insist, order, request, require, advise, suggest, recommend, propose,等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+do”.例如：
We suggested that we（should) have a meeting.
We insisted that they（should) go with us.
The doctor ordered that she（should) stay in bed for a few days.
He demanded that we（should) start right away.
注意:insist作“力言”“强调”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作“坚持（认为）”“坚持（应该）”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气。例如：Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
3．虚拟语气在动词mind中的使用
Would you mind if I smoked here?
4. 虚拟语气在动词would rather 中的使用
I would rather I were at home now.
I’d rather he hadn’t done such foolish things.
(三) 虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句作advice idea, order, demand, plan, proposal，suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句时，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“（should)＋动词原形”．例如：
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
My idea is that we（should）do exercises first.
(四)虚拟语气在as if (as though),even if (even though)等引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用
如果从句表示动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用过去时；指将来则用现在将来时．例如：
He looked as if he were an artist.
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.
Even if he were here，he could not solve the problem.
(五) 虚拟语气用于主语从句在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。例如：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that .... we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless.
It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
在上述三种主语从句中，should意为“应该”“竟然”，可以省去，但不可换用would。主句所用动词的时态不限。注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气．反之。如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述语气，例如：
It is strange that he did not come yesterday.
It is a pity that you can't swim.
(六）虚拟语气用于定语从句这种从句常用在It is (high) time(that)…句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或should+动词原形(should不能省略，be用were)来表示，意为“(现在）该……”。例如：It is（high) time we left（should leave)．
It is high time we were going.
（七）虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中
If only I had taken his advice.我要是听他的话就好了。
If only I were a bird.我如果是一只鸟就好了。
（八) 虚拟语气在简单句中的应用
1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人谦虚，客气，有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中，例如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to open the door?
(2)用于一些习惯表达法中，例如：Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you.
You had better go now.
(3)用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿”“但愿”。
May you be happy！
May you succeed!
虚拟语气练习
1．I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
2. -Where ____?
-I got stuck in the heavy traffic, otherwise I ____ here earlier.
A. did you go; had arrived B. have you been; would have been
C. were you; would come D. are you; would come
3. He ____ full marks, but he was so careless as to make some spelling mistakes.
A. must have gained B. can have gained C. could have gained D. must gain
4. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____, too cold for us to live on.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
5. ____ the fog, we should have reached our school on time.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for
6. ____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
7. ____ to do the work, I should do it some other way.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
8. Had you taken the doctor’s advice yesterday, you ____ all right now.
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
9. If only I ____ some English, but I know nothing of it.
A. know B. knew C. known D. has known
10. He suggested that we ____ a meeting to discuss the problem and the worried
look on his face suggested that he ____ anxious to solve the problem.
A. should hold; was B. had done; should be set
C. do; be set D. should hold; should be
11. The young man insisted that he ____ nothing wrong and ____ free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set
C. do; be set D. had done; must be set
12. I would have telephoned her, but I _____ her number.
A. hadn’t know B. didn’t know
C. don’t know D. wouldn’t have known
13. Given a few more hours, they ____ the work that day.
A. would fulfil B. would have fulfilled
C. had fulfiled D. fulfiled
答案：1-5 DBCAD 6-10 BCCBA 11 BBB
虚拟语气练习
1. He wished that he ___ the examination the next day.
A. would pass B. will pass C. passed D. has passed
2. With better equipment, we ___ the job even sooner.
A. would finish B. might finish
C. could have finished D. had finished
3. It __ only partly right to answer in this way.
A. will be B. would be C. is D. may be
解析：to answer in the way =if we answer in this way
4. Everything taken into consideration, they ___ their output quickly.
A. would have raised B. can have raised
C. must have raised D. would raise
5. It seems as if it ___ already summer.
A. is B. were C. be D. should be
6. They both talked as if they ___ friends before.
A. should be B. had been C. would be D. have been
7. Had she found it, she ___ it.
A. would have sent B. sent C. should send D. send
8. I’d rather you ___ right away.
A. leave B. left C. should leave D. will leave
9. Without the Communist Party of China, ___New China.
A. there were not B. there would be no
C. there will be D. there hadn’t been
10. Long ___ the Communist Party of China!
A. should live B. will live C. live D. lived
11. If you ___ the doctor’s advice, you ___ quite all right now.
A. had followed; were B. had followed; would be
C. had followed; would be D. followed; would be
12. We propose that Mr White ___ the chairman.
A. be B. must C. will be D. is
13. Zhao Xin insisted that he ___ anything at all.
A. shouldn’t steal B. hadn’t stolen
C. not steal D. didn’t steal
14. We agreed to the plan that he ___ Hong Kong this summer.
A. had visited B. would visit C. visit D. could visit
15. Meeting anywhere else, we ___ each other.
A. wouldn’t have recognized B. should recognize
C. could have recognized D. recognized
16. The production ___ up still more rapidly under the more favorable conditions.
A. would have gone B. will have gone
C. should go D. must have gone
17.You could have passed the exam, ___ you spent most of your time playing and reading useless books.
A. if B. or C. but D. unless
18.-Hi, Sam! You are late.
-Sorry. I would have come sooner, but I ___ that you were waiting.
A. didn’t know B. know
C. hadn’t known D. haven’t known
19. One of the requirements for the fire is that the material ____ to its burning temperature.
A. is heated B. will be heated C. would be heated D. be heated
20. If he _____ that he _____ to work there, everything would be OK now.
A. insisted; be sent B. insisted; was sent
C. had insisted; be sent D. had insisted; was sent
21. My demand is that the information referred to in my report ____ to Mr. Brown without delay.
A. to be e-mailed B. e-mailed C. be e-mailed D. being e-mailed
22. I don’t think it advisable that Jack _____ the job since he has little experience.
A. is given B. will be given C. be given D. has been given
23. -Why didn’t Tom give you one of his paintings?
-I didn’t want one, but he would have given me one if I _____.
A. do B. would C. will D. had
24. I’d rather you did some housework when you are free, but you ____.
A. didn’t B. shouldn’t C. weren’t D. don’t
25. This time Tom _____ careful enough, otherwise he would not have passed the test.
A. will be B. was C. had been D. were
答案：1-5 ACBAB 6-10 BABBC 11-15 CABCA 16-20 ACADC 21-25 CCDDB
责任编辑：李芳芳
第五章 情态动词和虚拟语气
一、情态动词的语法特征
(1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
(2)情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
(3)情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
(4)情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词、动名词等形式。
二、虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，多半不是事实，或与事实相反。
高考重点要求：
1、情态动词的基本用法
2、情态动词表示推测的语义差别
3、情态动词后接不定式完成体的不同意义
4、虚拟语气中情态动词的用法
第一节 知识点概述
一、情态动词
（一）情态动词种类
1. can表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”、“技能”或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“可能性”, 但表示人的体力或智力的具体动作时须用 be able to .
He was able to do that without any help.他不需要任何帮助就能完成这项工作。
2. may表示“允许，可以”，相当于be allowed to .
may或might可和as well连用，表示“建议”，译为“还是……的为好”
You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man. 你们还是离那疯子远点为好。
You might as well go home now.你还是现在回家为好。
3. must表示“必须”或“应当”、“一定”。
4. have to 加动词原形，表示“不得不”，“必须”，它比must更强调客观。
Tom had to work into the deep night every day to earn a living. 汤姆为了生计每天都得工作到深夜。
5. should 表示“劝告”，“建议”或“义务”时，译作“应当”，或表示“预测”和“可能”。
He should take care of his parents as they are old enough not to live on themselves. 由于父母亲老了，不能自理，他应当照顾他们。
He should be there now. 他应该在那儿。
should have done在虚拟语气中表示“责备或后悔”。
6. ought ，只有一种形式，且ought后必须加to，然后跟接动词原形表示“有义务”或“必要”做某事，译为“应当，应该”。
7. dare 可以用作情态动词，后面跟不带to的动词不定式，这主要用于否定句中，它本身可有现在时第三人称单数，词尾加s，它还可以有ing分词形式(daring)和过去式及ed分词形式(dared)。
（二）情态动词在一般时否定句中的用法
can't(cannot) 表示“不可能”， may not 表示“不可以”， mustn't(must not) 表示“一定不要”，“不许可”，needn't (need not) 表示“不必”，dare not ＋动词原形表示“不敢”。
He can't finish his essay by this time. 现在他不可能写完论文。
He may not sleep now. 他或许现在没在睡觉。
You mustn't criticize her in that way. 你不应那样批评她。
You needn't come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。
He dared not meet his fiancée. 他不敢见女朋友。
（三）can，may，must三者用法比较
can，may，must是三个最重要的情态动词，其基本句型如下：
肯定句：主语+can，may，must +动词原形
否定句：主语+can，may，must +not +动词原形
疑问句：Can，May，Must +主语+动词原形
1. can，may，must的肯定句
You may eat lunch，but you must wash your hands.
你可以吃饭，但是你必须洗手。
（1）can
a.表示能力；能，会
She can run fast，but I can't.
她很会跑，但是我不会。
b.表示可能；能够
I can get there in ten minutes.
我十分钟之后就可以到那儿。
（表示一种可能性）
c.表示允许；许可
You can use this dictionary.
你可以用这本字典。
d.can和be able to比较
can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态。
can（could）表示能力时，可用be able to代替。
I can（=am able to）pay for the book. 我买得起那本书。
He will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了。
（2）may
a.表示请求、许可
May I borrow your pen？
我可以借你的钢笔用一用吗？
b.可能、或许
Tomorrow I may go shopping.
明天，我可能（或许）去商店买东西。
He might be our new teacher.
他或许是我们的新老师。
（3）must
a.必须、应该（表示有做某一动作的必要或义务）
You must buy a ticket.
你必须买一张票。
b.一定、准是（表示有把握的判断或推测，一般只用于肯定句中）
在You must这一句型中，它的意思与祈使句相同。
You must get up early. =Get up early.
你必须早起。
You must study hard. =Study hard.
你必须用功读书。
He must be our new teacher.
他肯定是我们的新老师。
2.表示推测的用法
can , could ,may ,might ,must 皆可用来表示推测，其用法如下：
a．could ,might 表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can ,may。
b．can ,could 用于否定句和疑问句中。
句型：主语+ can't , couldn't +be +动词ing．（否定句）
Can ,Could +主语 +be +动词 ing．（疑问句）
They can't be cleaning the room now．他们现在不可能在打扫房间。
c．may ,might , must 用在肯定句中。
句型：主语+ may ,might ,must +be +动词 -ing
（表示对现在发生动作的推测）
He must be sleeping . 他现在肯定在睡觉。
d．但如果上述这些词 (must ,can't… ) + have +过去分词则指对过去已发生的事进行推测。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night .
地是湿的；昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
There isn't any water on the road . It (can't ) couldn't have rained last night .
地面上一个水滴都没有，昨天不可能下雨了。
（四） have to的用法
1. have（has）to +动词原形
have（has）to后面要用动词原形。当主语为第三人称单数时用has to，当句子是过去时用had to。
We have to leave now.
我们不得不现在就离开。
He has to work on Sunday.
他不得不在周日工作。
I had to do my homework last Sunday.
上周日，我不得不做作业。
2. have to的否定句
句型：主语+don't（doesn't, didn’t, will not）have to+动词原形
You don't have to walk so fast.
你不必走那么快。
He will not have to buy a new coat next year.
明年，他没必要买新外衣了。
3. have to的疑问句
句型：Do（Does, Did, Will）+主语+have to +动词原形？
Do you have to study maths now？
你现在必须学数字吗？
Yes，I do.是的，必须学。
No，I don't（have to）。不，不必学。
Did he have to ask the question？
他非要问那个问题吗？
Yes，he did.是的。
No，he didn't（have to）.不。
4. must与have to比较
must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，have to侧重于客观上的必要。如果用于过去时态或将来时态时，则要用have to的相应时态来代替must。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
My brother was very ill，so I had to call for the doctor in the middle of the night.
我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（一般过去时）
I haven't got any money with me，so I'll have to borrow some from my friend.
我身上没有钱，只好向朋友借点了。（一般将来时）
He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。
二、虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的意愿、假设、猜测或建议。虚拟语气不表示客观存在的事实，谓语动词用特殊的形式表示虚拟语气。
1． 表示与现在事实相反时的谓语形式。
从句 主句
过去式 (be和were) would (should、could)+ 动词原形
例如：If Tom were hungry, he would eat the bread. (In fact, Tom isn’t hungry.)
2． 表示与过去事实相反的谓语形式。
从句 主句
had + 过去分词 would (should、could) + have +过去分词
例如：If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the early bus. (In fact, I didn’t catch the bus.)
3． 表示与将来事实相反的谓语形式。
从句 主句
动词过去式
should + 动词原形
were to + 动词原形
would (should、could) + 动词原形
例如：If they came tomorrow, we would told them about it. (In fact, they won’t come tomorrow。)
4． 动词wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词可用过去式、过去完成式或would、might加原形。
例如：I wish I were as strong as you.
He wished I would stay with us.
She wished I had attended the meeting yesterday.
5． 在有些动词如：suggest、insist、order等动词后，从句谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略。例如：
He suggested that we (should) discuss the problem right now.
6． 在有些句型中如：It is important (necessary、natural、strange等) + that从句中的谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。例如：
It is necessary that the doctor (should) be sent there at once.
7． 在It is time that, I would rather that句式中从句谓语动词用过去式。例如：
It is time we went to bed.
I would rather he came next week.
第二节 实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
（一）情态动词
1、情态动词在句中没有人称和数的变化。
2、含有情态动词的句子改为否定句或疑问句不必加助动词，只需要将情态动词置于主语前，或在情态动词后加上not。
例如：Must I write a letter to cheer him up?
You needn’t wait for me.
3、情态动词的过去式，例如can-could，may-might。但是少数情态动词只有过去式，例如used to表示过去常常。must的过去式往往用had to代替。
4、情态动词后还可接不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
例如：He can’t be doing his homework now. 他现在不可能在做功课。
He must have attended the meeting last night. 昨晚他一定参加了会议。
（二）虚拟语气
1、在if条件句中，如果含有were , should或had等助动词，if可以省去，句子用倒装。
例如：Were I you , I would buy this reference book.
2、should与would都可以用于if条件句的主句中，但should一般只用于第一人称，would用于所有人称。
例如：If you were here , I would tell you the news .
3、某些条件可以用介词短语without… , but for 等来表示 。
例如：Without your help , I could not have succeeded in passing the exam .
4、有时句子通过but或otherwise等词来表示真实与虚拟的转换，在这种情况下，只有不真实的部分用虚拟式。
例如：I was ill yesterday；otherwise I would have played football with you .
But for the heavy rain , we would have gone to the concert .
5、有suggest等词的相应的名词组成的同位语从句及表语从句用虚拟式。
例如：I accepted my mother’s suggestion that I should eat an apple every day .
二、历届高考试题分析
例1、There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
答案：C
【解析】 根据经验或惯例对某一情况进行推测，用should或ought to，常译成“按理应该…”或“可能会……”。shouldn’t是其否定形式。
例2、-Is John coming by train?
-He should, but he _______ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
答案为D。
【解析】 come, go, leave, start等趋向动词的进行时表示将来时，所以答语是对这一将来动作做出的推断。may not“可能不；不一定”，根据he likes driving his car可以看出John可能乘火车来，也可能自己开车来。may not正好符合这一语境。must not“不准”；cannot“不可能”；need not“不必”。
例3、It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
答案为B。
【解析】 根据句意和I would be doing可以判断这是虚拟语气。at the age of seven 是表示过去的时间状语，if从句中的谓语要用had not fallen，表示对过去情况的假设。由于主句中的谓语表示对现在的虚拟，条件句中的谓语表示对过去情况的虚拟，增加了试题的难题，但是，使用排除法可以容易地做出该题：should fall 和were to fall都可以用于条件句中表示对将来的虚拟；wouldn't have fallen不用于条件句中，所以都不能作为答案。译文：如果我不在七岁时就迷恋上了我们家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆，我真不能想象我今天会做什么。
例4、You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
答案为C。
【解析】 should用于表示感情，意向等句中的that从句，表示“竟然……，居然……”的惊讶，出乎意料。译文：你难以想象一位行为体面的绅士会对一位女士那么粗鲁。
例5、What would have happened ________, as far as up to the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
答案为C。
【解析】 因为主句的谓语动词用了would have happened，所以从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。在虚拟语气中，如果条件状语从句中的if省略，该句要倒装。译文：如果鲍勃走得远一点，走到岸边，会发生什么事呢?
例6、Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ________it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A. can B. should C. may D. must
答案为A。
【解析】 can表示可能性的推测，常用于疑问句或否定句中；may表“可能性”常用于肯定句或否定句中；must常用于肯定句中表推测，“一定……”的意思。注意：can not表示“不可能”，而may not表示“或许不……可能不……”，两者语气上有区别。译文：布什先生按时做好一切事。他来参加开幕式迟到了可能会是什么样的情景呢?
例7、My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _________ your lecture.
A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended
C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended
答案为A。
【解析】 “情态动词+不定式完成式”有各自的含义。must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，多用于肯定句中；needn't have done表示过去本不必做的事情；shouldn't have done表示过去做了不该做的事情；can't (couldn't) have done表示对过去的否定性推测，意为“不可能”。所提供的情境My sister met him at the Grand 表示他不可能参加讲座。
例8、He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he_________ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
答案为D。
【解析】 根据otherwise可以判断出要用虚拟语气。表示过去发生的事要用would have scored。译文：在踢球前他犹豫了一会儿，否则他就会射中球门。
例9、Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I _______ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn't eat B. mustn't have eaten C. shouldn't have eaten D. mustn't eaten
答案为C。
【解析】 just now是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态动词+have+过去分词的形式”。所以只能在选项B或C中确定答案。mustn't have eaten是一个错误选项，因为“mustn't+动词”表示“禁止”，不表示判断或推测。译文：噢，我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。
例10、I was really anxious about you .You_________ home without a word.
A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left
C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave
答案为B。
【解析】 should' t have done表示本来不应该做而做了，含责备意味。译文：我真为你着急，你不应该不说一句话就离开了家。另外注意mustn't+动词表示“禁止”。
第三节 巩固练习
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. -Isn' t that Ann's husband over there?
-No, it _______ be him . I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.
A. can't B. must not C. won't D. may not
2.You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn't to come B. don't need come
C. don't need coming D. needn't come
3. Heyou more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give
C. may have given D. may give
4. - I help you with some shoes, madam?
-Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones.
A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must
5. The reason why they leave wasn't explained to us.
A. had B. had to C. must D. might
6. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought Iit at home.
A. left B. have left
C. might have left D. could have left
7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.
A. could have fallen B. should have fallen
C. must have fallen D. mustn't have fallen
8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they return to their school.
A. can B. must C. have to D. ought to
9. I want to go to the chemist's, but you go with me.
A. need not B. must not C. need D. can’t
10. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion.
A. can B. could C. should D. would
11. What we get seems better than what we have.
A. can B. could C. can't D. couldn't
12. -My goodness! I've just missed the train.
-That's too bad. I am sure you it, if you had hurried.
A. could have caught B. had caught
C. would catch D. could catch
13. Look! What you've done! You more careful.
A. may be B. had to
C. should have been D. would be
14. I repeat the question?
A. Shall B. Will C. Do you want that D. Do
15. Professor Li, many students want to see you. they wait here or outside!
A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are
16. You read that book if you don't want to.
A. haven't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
17. Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.
A. won't… can't B. can't…shouldn't
C. shouldn't…must D. mustn't…may
18. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. can D. should
19. -There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
-It a comfortable journey.
A. can't be B. shouldn't be
C. couldn't have been D. mustn't have been
20. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell
C. be telling C. having told
21. Everyone is here. we start the meeting?
A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Shall
22. I parked my car right here but now it's gone. It.
A. must be stolen B. may be stolen
C. must have stolen D. must have been stolen
23. He the work yesterday, but he didn't.
A. must have finished B. need have finished
C. finished D. should have finished
24. He did not pass the examination. As a good student, he .
A. mustn't have failed B. may not have failed
C. needn't have failed D. shouldn't have failed
25. it be true that Albert passed the test in geography?
A. May B. Should C. Could D. Would
26. You lead a horse to the water but you not make it drink.
A. will…can B. may…can
C. may…dare D. dare…can
27. -Must we finish the composition in class?
-No, you.
A. needn't B. mustn't
C. won't D. shouldn't
28. Her eyes were red. She .
A. must cry B. must be cried
C. must have been crying D. may cry
29. Mary his letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
A. has received B. must receive
C. couldn't have received D. shouldn't have received
30. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success.
A. had been B. has been C. were D. was
32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he an elephant.
A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift
34. He described the town as if he it himself.
A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees
35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he from an evil dream.
A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke
36. Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.
A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do
37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.
A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
38. He insisted that the sky ____ clear up the following day.
A. would B. should C.／ D. be
39. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology .
A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
40. He told her to return the book in time so that others a chance to read it .
A. may have B. will have C. would have D. might have
41. It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ______ all diplomas from elementary school to university.
A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have
43. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he acting for a living one day.
A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up
45. If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
46. I hadn’t expected Henry to apologize but I had hoped .
A. him to call me up B. him calling me up
C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me
47. I had hoped that John a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.
A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
48. I had hoped that Jennifer a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science.
A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes
49. I’d rather you anything about it for the time being.
A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t
50. -Did you blame the accident on him alone ?
-Yes, but I ______so .
A. would rather not do B. shouldn’t do
C. shouldn’t have done D. better have not done
责任编辑：李芳芳
高三英语复习专题（非谓语动词 ）
(出题人：张伟)
1. -- What’s made you so upset?
-- ______ three tickets to the pop music concert.
A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since I lost
2. Excuse me, but it’s time to have your temperature _______.
A. taking B. to be taken C. take D. taken
3. Though he had often made his sister ______, today he was made _______ by his sister.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
4. I feel like ______ a long walk. Would you like ______ with me?
A. taking; going B. taking; to go C. to take; to go D. to take; going
5. Every minute is made full ______ of ______ our lessons well.
A. to use; studying B. use; studying C. use; to study D. used; studying
6. None of the criminals escaped ______.
A. be punished B. being punished C. to be punished D. punishing
7. Why do you have the lights ______ all night long?
A. burn B. to burn C. burning D. burned
8. ______ the past, our life is much better.
A. Comparing with B. Be compared C. To compare with D. Compared with
9. ______ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in
the sky and ______ them light .
A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving
10. ______ all the time is the key to ______ progress in English.
A. Practise; making B. Practising; make
C. To practise; making D. To practise; make
11. ______ of plastics, the machines are light in weight.
A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made
12. The ______ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ______ by his naughty boy.
A. following; following B. followed; followed
C. following; followed D. followed; following
13. ______ the exam, the boy was punished by his father.
A. No passing B. Having passed C. Not passing D. Not having passed
14. He is often listened ______ in the next room.
A. to to sing B. to sing C. sing D. sang
15. Is this the watch you wish to ______?
A. have it repaired B. repair it C. have repaired D. have repaired it
16. The way he thought of ______ the problem is practical.
A. solving B. to solve C. how to solve D. how to settle
17. Wet umbrellas are not allowed ______ into the hotel.
A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking
18. She returned home only ______ the door open and something ______.
A. to find; missed B. found; to be missing
C. to find; missing D. finding; to be missed
19. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for
me, I found my color TV set ________ when I got home .
A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing
20. -- Did you close the door when you left?
-- Yes, I remember ______ it, for it remains ______.
A. to close; closed B. closing; locking C. to close; to be locked D. closing; locked
21. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ______ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased
to see children well ______ care of in the nursery.
A. looked; taken B. looking; taken C. looked; took D. looking; taking
22. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able
23. The Bunsen Burner is so famous because it is thought ______ by Robert Bunsen.
A. to be invented B. having been invented
C. invented D. to have been invented
24. Time ______, I can have done it better.
A. permits B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit
25. We appreciate ______ us to the ball.
A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited
26. ______ his mother, the baby could not help ______. .
A. To see; to laugh B. Seeing; laughing C. Seeing; to laugh D. To see; laughing
27. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______ your advice!
A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow
28. People will be encouraged to eat healthy food, ______ and to drink less beer and wine.
A. not to smoke B. don’t smoke C. not smoke D. not smoking
29. ______ in the heavy snow, he walked into an expensive shop.
A. Catching B. Having been caught C. Caught D. To be caught
30. ______ from space, the earth, with water ______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a
“blue ball”.
A. Seen; covered B. Seen; covering C. Seeing; covering D. Seeing; covering
31. This book is worthy ______ twice.
A. reading B. read C. having been read D. to be read
32. _______, he went to ask his teacher.
A. Not known how to do it B. Unknown what to do
C. Knowing not how to do D. Not knowing how to do it
33. -- I would like to buy an expensive camera.
-- Well, we have several models ______.
A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosen D. for choice
34. I regret ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment.
A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to informing
35. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _______.
A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted
C. fully accepting D. fully being accepting
36. It was ______ the radio that the young man spent a whole morning in his room.
A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to be repairing
37. Autumn ______ on, the leaves on the trees began falling.
A. coming B. come C. comes D. was coming
38. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ______ English.
A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn
39. Mr. Smith, ______of the ______ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
40. Mr. Smith stood up in defence of the boy, ______ that he was not the one ______.
A. to say; blamed B. saying; to blame
C. said; blaming D. saying; to be blamed
41. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported ______ since the flood hit the area last
Friday.
A. getting lost B. to be missing
C. having got lost D. to have been missing
42. Isn’t it time you ______ down to ______the papers?
A. get; mark B. got; marking
C. get; marking D. got; being marking
43. ______ and I’ll get the work finished.
A. One more hour B. Given one more hour
C. Have one more hour D. If I have one more hour
44. I can’t stand _____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses to stop _____ while she works.
A. working; talking B. working; to talk C. to work; talking D. to work; to talk
45. To his disappointment, the opinion he had stuck to ______ wrong.
A. turn out B. turned out C. turning out D. was turned out
46. Such ______ the case, I couldn’t help but ______ him.
A. being; support B. is; to support C. has been; supporting D. be; supported
47. The noise of the desks ______ could be heard in the next classroom.
A. being opened and closed B. opened and closed
C. having been opened and closed D. to be opened and closed
48. Generally ______, when ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. speaking; taking B. spoken; taken
C. speaking; taken D. spoken; to be taken
49. The earthquake ____ the tsunami(海啸) happened deep under the sea, ___ over 200,000 people.
A. caused; killed B. caused; killing C. causing; killed D. causing; killing
50. Walking out of the room with a _____ smile on his face, he turned _____ goodbye to the host.
A. forcing; to say B. forced; saying C. forcing; saying D. forced; to say
51. With two children ______ university this September, the parents are working hard.
A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. having attended
52. The car burns more fuel. But ___ it or not, ____ all things into consideration, it’s still a good car.
A. believe; taking B. believe; taken
C. to believe; to take D. to believe; having taken
53. The story ______ by the writer is very ______ with many middle school students in China.
A. /; popular B. written; welcome C. writing; agreed D. written; pleased
54. It’s no use ______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall.
A. arguing; argue B. to argue; arguing C. arguing; arguing D. to argue; argue
55. With his son ______, the old man felt _______.
A. disappointed; disappointing B. disappointing; disappointed
C. being disappointed; disappointed D. to disappoint; disappointing
56. It’s ______ cold! I can’t get the engine ______.
A. frozen; go B. freezing; going C. freeze; got D. freezing; to go
57. Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman
58. I was cycling in the street when I heard an old woman ______ out a ______ cry and then saw
her bleeding badly.
A. give; frighten B. give; frightened
C. giving; frightening D. to give; frightened
59. Can you imagine a little boy ______ a stranger ______ into the house and ______ a box away?
A. notice; enter; steal B. watching; coming; taking
C. observed; going; getting D. seeing; steal; carry
59. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ______ from you now and then ______ me
how everyone is getting along.
A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell
61. Everybody laughed, ______.
A. I included B. me included C. I including D. me including
62. ______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than whose
command of English is poor.
A. Other things being equal B. Other things were equal
C. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal
KEY:
1-5 BDABC 6-10 BCDDC 11-15 DCDAC 16-20 BACAD 21-25 BCDCC 26-30 BCACB 31-35 DDACA 36-40 CAAAB 41-45 DBAAB 46-50 AACDD 51-55 CAAAB 56-60 BDBDC 61-62 BA
高三英语复习专题（非谓语动词 ）
(出题人：张伟)
1. -- What’s made you so upset?
-- ______ three tickets to the pop music concert.
A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since I lost
2. Excuse me, but it’s time to have your temperature _______.
A. taking B. to be taken C. take D. taken
3. Though he had often made his sister ______, today he was made _______ by his sister.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
4. I feel like ______ a long walk. Would you like ______ with me?
A. taking; going B. taking; to go C. to take; to go D. to take; going
5. Every minute is made full ______ of ______ our lessons well.
A. to use; studying B. use; studying C. use; to study D. used; studying
6. None of the criminals escaped ______.
A. be punished B. being punished C. to be punished D. punishing
7. Why do you have the lights ______ all night long?
A. burn B. to burn C. burning D. burned
8. ______ the past, our life is much better.
A. Comparing with B. Be compared C. To compare with D. Compared with
9. ______ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in
the sky and ______ them light .
A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving
10. ______ all the time is the key to ______ progress in English.
A. Practise; making B. Practising; make
C. To practise; making D. To practise; make
11. ______ of plastics, the machines are light in weight.
A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made
12. The ______ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ______ by his naughty boy.
A. following; following B. followed; followed
C. following; followed D. followed; following
13. ______ the exam, the boy was punished by his father.
A. No passing B. Having passed C. Not passing D. Not having passed
14. He is often listened ______ in the next room.
A. to to sing B. to sing C. sing D. sang
15. Is this the watch you wish to ______?
A. have it repaired B. repair it C. have repaired D. have repaired it
16. The way he thought of ______ the problem is practical.
A. solving B. to solve C. how to solve D. how to settle
17. Wet umbrellas are not allowed ______ into the hotel.
A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking
18. She returned home only ______ the door open and something ______.
A. to find; missed B. found; to be missing
C. to find; missing D. finding; to be missed
19. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for
me, I found my color TV set ________ when I got home .
A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing
20. -- Did you close the door when you left?
-- Yes, I remember ______ it, for it remains ______.
A. to close; closed B. closing; locking C. to close; to be locked D. closing; locked
21. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ______ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased
to see children well ______ care of in the nursery.
A. looked; taken B. looking; taken C. looked; took D. looking; taking
22. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able
23. The Bunsen Burner is so famous because it is thought ______ by Robert Bunsen.
A. to be invented B. having been invented
C. invented D. to have been invented
24. Time ______, I can have done it better.
A. permits B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit
25. We appreciate ______ us to the ball.
A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited
26. ______ his mother, the baby could not help ______. .
A. To see; to laugh B. Seeing; laughing C. Seeing; to laugh D. To see; laughing
27. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______ your advice!
A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow
28. People will be encouraged to eat healthy food, ______ and to drink less beer and wine.
A. not to smoke B. don’t smoke C. not smoke D. not smoking
29. ______ in the heavy snow, he walked into an expensive shop.
A. Catching B. Having been caught C. Caught D. To be caught
30. ______ from space, the earth, with water ______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a
“blue ball”.
A. Seen; covered B. Seen; covering C. Seeing; covering D. Seeing; covering
31. This book is worthy ______ twice.
A. reading B. read C. having been read D. to be read
32. _______, he went to ask his teacher.
A. Not known how to do it B. Unknown what to do
C. Knowing not how to do D. Not knowing how to do it
33. -- I would like to buy an expensive camera.
-- Well, we have several models ______.
A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosen D. for choice
34. I regret ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment.
A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to informing
35. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _______.
A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted
C. fully accepting D. fully being accepting
36. It was ______ the radio that the young man spent a whole morning in his room.
A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to be repairing
37. Autumn ______ on, the leaves on the trees began falling.
A. coming B. come C. comes D. was coming
38. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ______ English.
A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn
39. Mr. Smith, ______of the ______ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
40. Mr. Smith stood up in defence of the boy, ______ that he was not the one ______.
A. to say; blamed B. saying; to blame
C. said; blaming D. saying; to be blamed
41. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported ______ since the flood hit the area last
Friday.
A. getting lost B. to be missing
C. having got lost D. to have been missing
42. Isn’t it time you ______ down to ______the papers?
A. get; mark B. got; marking
C. get; marking D. got; being marking
43. ______ and I’ll get the work finished.
A. One more hour B. Given one more hour
C. Have one more hour D. If I have one more hour
44. I can’t stand _____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses to stop _____ while she works.
A. working; talking B. working; to talk C. to work; talking D. to work; to talk
45. To his disappointment, the opinion he had stuck to ______ wrong.
A. turn out B. turned out C. turning out D. was turned out
46. Such ______ the case, I couldn’t help but ______ him.
A. being; support B. is; to support C. has been; supporting D. be; supported
47. The noise of the desks ______ could be heard in the next classroom.
A. being opened and closed B. opened and closed
C. having been opened and closed D. to be opened and closed
48. Generally ______, when ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. speaking; taking B. spoken; taken
C. speaking; taken D. spoken; to be taken
49. The earthquake ____ the tsunami(海啸) happened deep under the sea, ___ over 200,000 people.
A. caused; killed B. caused; killing C. causing; killed D. causing; killing
50. Walking out of the room with a _____ smile on his face, he turned _____ goodbye to the host.
A. forcing; to say B. forced; saying C. forcing; saying D. forced; to say
51. With two children ______ university this September, the parents are working hard.
A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. having attended
52. The car burns more fuel. But ___ it or not, ____ all things into consideration, it’s still a good car.
A. believe; taking B. believe; taken
C. to believe; to take D. to believe; having taken
53. The story ______ by the writer is very ______ with many middle school students in China.
A. /; popular B. written; welcome C. writing; agreed D. written; pleased
54. It’s no use ______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall.
A. arguing; argue B. to argue; arguing C. arguing; arguing D. to argue; argue
55. With his son ______, the old man felt _______.
A. disappointed; disappointing B. disappointing; disappointed
C. being disappointed; disappointed D. to disappoint; disappointing
56. It’s ______ cold! I can’t get the engine ______.
A. frozen; go B. freezing; going C. freeze; got D. freezing; to go
57. Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman
58. I was cycling in the street when I heard an old woman ______ out a ______ cry and then saw
her bleeding badly.
A. give; frighten B. give; frightened
C. giving; frightening D. to give; frightened
59. Can you imagine a little boy ______ a stranger ______ into the house and ______ a box away?
A. notice; enter; steal B. watching; coming; taking
C. observed; going; getting D. seeing; steal; carry
59. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ______ from you now and then ______ me
how everyone is getting along.
A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell
61. Everybody laughed, ______.
A. I included B. me included C. I including D. me including
62. ______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than whose
command of English is poor.
A. Other things being equal B. Other things were equal
C. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal
KEY:
1-5 BDABC 6-10 BCDDC 11-15 DCDAC 16-20 BACAD 21-25 BCDCC 26-30 BCACB 31-35 DDACA 36-40 CAAAB 41-45 DBAAB 46-50 AACDD 51-55 CAAAB 56-60 BDBDC 61-62 BA
高三英语复习专题（非谓语动词 ）
(出题人：张伟)
1. -- What’s made you so upset?
-- ______ three tickets to the pop music concert.
A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since I lost
2. Excuse me, but it’s time to have your temperature _______.
A. taking B. to be taken C. take D. taken
3. Though he had often made his sister ______, today he was made _______ by his sister.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
4. I feel like ______ a long walk. Would you like ______ with me?
A. taking; going B. taking; to go C. to take; to go D. to take; going
5. Every minute is made full ______ of ______ our lessons well.
A. to use; studying B. use; studying C. use; to study D. used; studying
6. None of the criminals escaped ______.
A. be punished B. being punished C. to be punished D. punishing
7. Why do you have the lights ______ all night long?
A. burn B. to burn C. burning D. burned
8. ______ the past, our life is much better.
A. Comparing with B. Be compared C. To compare with D. Compared with
9. ______ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in
the sky and ______ them light .
A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving
10. ______ all the time is the key to ______ progress in English.
A. Practise; making B. Practising; make
C. To practise; making D. To practise; make
11. ______ of plastics, the machines are light in weight.
A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made
12. The ______ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ______ by his naughty boy.
A. following; following B. followed; followed
C. following; followed D. followed; following
13. ______ the ex
情态动词和被动语态练习
1.Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.
A. will B. can C. must D. may
2. John promised his doctor he ________ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since.
A. might B. should C. could D. would.
3. They must have been enjoying themselves there, otherwise they ________ so long.
A. can’t have stayed B. wouldn’t have stayed C. needn’t have stayed D. couldn’t stay
4. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better.
A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done
5.You can’t imagine that a top student _________ have failed in the college entrance examination.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
6. Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
A. must B. may C. shall D. should
7. She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
8. ---I can’t find my purse anywhere.
---You have lost it while shopping.
A. may B. can C. should D. would
9 . Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter go and do the opposite.
A. may B. can C. must D. should
10. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
A. shall B. should C. can D. must
11. ---Could you tell me what happened last night?
---I can’t go into detail now because it _______ take too long.
A. would B. should C. might D. could
12. You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You ____find the book by the title.
A. must B. need C. can D. would
13.---How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?
---It should________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B. would C. should D. must
14.---Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.
---Great! You _________ read widely and put a lot of work into it.
A. must B. should C. must have D. should have
15.The biggest problem for most plants, which ___________ just get up and run away when threatened(威胁), is that animals like to eat them.
A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
16. If it were not for the fact that she ___________ sing, I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
17.---May I smoke here?
---If you __________, choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. should B. could C. may D. must
18.---What’s the name?
---Khulaifi. __________ I spell that for you?
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
19.---Where’s is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
--- You ___________ it in the wrong place.
A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put
20. ---What does the sigh over there read?
--- No person __________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.
A. will B. may C. shall D. must
21.---My cat’s really fat.
--- You _________ have given here so much food.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
22. ---What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
---You_________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t
23.--- Turn off the TV, Jack. _________ your homework now?
---Mum, just ten more minutes, please.
A. should you be doing B. Shouldn’t you be doing
C. Couldn’t you be doing D. Will you be doing
24. We __________ have proved great adventures, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
25.---Mom’s gift? She_______ have chosen a better one for me.
---She _______ be very happy to know it.
A. should; must B. might; wouldn’t C. couldn’t; must D. mustn’t; can’t
26. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
27. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ______ to arrive.
A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected
28. I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.
A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught
29.---Who should be responsible for the accident?
---The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _________.
A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told
30. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote B. having been promoted
C. having promoted D. to be promoted
31.--- Do you think we should accept that offer?
---Yes, we should, for we_________such bad luck up till now, and time__________out.
A. have had; is running B. had; is running
C. have; has been run D. have had; has been run
32. He as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.
A. regarded B. was regarded C. . has regarded D. had been regarded
33.---What’s that noise?
---Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______.
A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested
34. As the yeas passed, many occasions-birthdays, awards, graduations-__________ with Dad’s flowers.
A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked
35. It is said that the early European playing cared_________ for entertainment and education.
A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed D. were designed
36.We tried many times, but the engine just _________.
A. wouldn’t start B. wasn’t started C. wasn’t starting D. wouldn’t be started
37. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _________ in science and technology.
A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has covered D. has been discovered
38. ---I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
---Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ________ now.
A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned
39. Although the causes of cancer _________, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.
A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering
C. are uncovering D. have uncovered
40. In a room above the store, where a party _________ , some workers were busily setting the table.
A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held
41.The new dictionaries are very useful. They______ well and ______ already.
A. sell; have been sold out B. sold ; had sold out
C. sell; sell out D. are sold; have been sold out
42. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _____ for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
43. The dog got _______ over by a passing car.
A. running B. run C. to run D. to be run
Keys:
1.D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A 9.C 10. C
11. A 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. C
26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. A 32.B 33. C 34. B 35. D 36.A 37. B 38. D 39.A 40. A
41. A 42. B 43. B
责任编辑：李芳芳
考点4 情态动词
1. If it were not for the fact that she sing, I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
2. Some aspects of a pilot’s job be boring, and pilots often work at inconvenient hours often.
A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must
3. The World Wide Wed is some times jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
4. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
5. John, look at the time. you play the piano at such a late hour?
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
6. Coffee be drunk while it is hot.
A. shall B. must C. will D. ought to
7. Tell him that he have the book tomorrow after noon.
A. shall B. will C. need D. dare
8. I lived with my uncle this summer and I didn’t have to pay rent. So I save most of my salary.
A. could B. would C. was able to D. should
9. - Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
- She . I’ve already borrowed one.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
10. There’s no light on --- they be at home.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
11. - What a shame! You didn’t seize such a good chance.
- I that job when it was offered.
A. should take B. would take C. must have taken D. should have taken
12. - The work will take me another week. I’m really tired.
- I think you as well consult an experienced worker.
A. may B. can C. need D. must
13. - How much shall I pay for the phone call?
- You . This is free of charge.
A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. don’t have to D. must
14. - Can I tell my best friend about it?
- No, I don’t want anyone else to know it. You keep it to yourself.
A. can B. need C. must D. may
15. - Would you like to have a taxi? - No, I walk there. It’s such a lovely day.
A. can B. ought to C. had better D. would rather
16. - Mum, why are you here?
-I’ve brought your camera. I thought you use it.
A. can B. should C. might D. will
17. - The woman biologist stayed in Mrica studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
- Oh, dear! She a lot of difficulties！
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
18. - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
-Thanks. You it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
19. - I stayed at the Futong Hotel while in Shanghai.
- Oh, did you? You with Baixue.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
20. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
21. - Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
- Well. He have gone far --- his coat is still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
22. I was on the high way when this car went past followed by a police car. They at least 150 km an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
23. - I saw Mr. Smith at the West Beijing Station this morning.
- You . He’s still on holiday in Hawaii.
A. couldn’t have B. mustn’t have C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
24. - Did you walk all the way home by yourself?
- Yes, I did. But I guess I .
A. needn’t B. needn’t have C. shouldn’t D. may not have
25. - Lucy have been to Mary’s wedding. They are the best friends.
- But she for some reason, because Mary asked us why Lucy had missed her wedding.
A. would; couldn’t B. should; can’t C. must; wasn’t able to D. must; might not
26. We wait for a bus to get to the station since we are not in a hurry.
A. might well B. might as well C. could well D. should as well
27. Better go to see my sick colleague right now, ？
A. hadn’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. won’t
28. He must be in the classroom, he?
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. isn’t D. can
29. There used to be a high tower here, ？
A. was there B. wasn’t there C. used there D. usedn’t there
30. - Look! Bob is carefully examine the electric lines.
- .
A. He should be too careful B. He must be too careful
C. He cannot be too careful D. He can be too careful
31. Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
32. I have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
33. He have completed his work ; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the sea side.
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
34. - Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.
- Well. He have gone far.
- His coat’s still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
35. If I plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
36. - Don’t you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York?
- I agree, but the problem is he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
37. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
- Oh, dear! She a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
38. He paid for a seat, when he have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
39. There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
40. This cake is very sweet. You a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put
41. - Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
- Something to him.
A. must happen B. should have happened
C. could have happened D. must have happened
42. It’s strange that they nothing about this matter.
A. should know B. would know C. had known D. knew
43. Let us stay here, ？
A. shall we B. will we C. will you D. may you
44. Mike up at five, but now he gets up at six.
A. used to getting B. would get C. was used to get D. used to get
45. Harry would rather than the secret.
A. die; telling B. die; to tell C. dead; tell D. die; tell
46. The plant is dead. I it more water.
A. should have given B. will give C. would give D. must give
47. - he use your bike now?
- Certainly. Here is the key,
A. Does B. Must C. Shall D. Will
48. They work in the street at night.
A. did not dare to B. not dare C. dared not to D. are not daring
49. I tell her the truth..
A. cannot help B. cannot but C. may not help D. could but
50. you tell me what has happened?
A. May B. Must C. Need D. Could
51. When a friend gave Jim a ticket for the game, he going.
A. couldn’t help B. couldn’t but C. could help D. just had to
52. Exercising alone be very boring, but when it goes along with music and friends, you’ll find a lot of fun !
A. can B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
53. - Shall I buy more food and drinks for the party?
- No. We have prepared a fridge of those. That __ __ be quite enough.
A. had to B. may C. might D. ought to
54. - You really shouldn’t have shouted to them.
- Right. I crazy then.
A. must be B. must have been C. could have been D. should have been
55. He have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
56. - The research on the new bird flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job?
- my students have a try?
A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. May
57. - Why didn’t you come to our party yesterday? There was a lot of fun.
- I , But I had an unexpected guest at home.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
58. Why we eat out when we can easily cook ourselves at home?
A. must B. shall C. can D. may
59. You not leave your post or you will be punished.
A. may B. shall C. will D. need
考点小资料：情态动词
I. can (could), 表示体力或脑力方面的能力，或根据客观规律能做某事的能力，意思是“能够”。can表“能够”时，既可指将来，也可指现在。be able to在表示能力时与can同义，但可用于各种时态，强调通过努力克服困难成功地做成某事，相当于managed to do 或 succeeded in doing。表示许可、允许，在疑问句中表示“请求，许可”，否定句中表示“不许”，此时可与may通用，有时cannot可以表示“禁止”，相当于“mustn’t”。表示推测，强调客观可能性“可能、会”，can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示猜测时，情态动词后可用进行式或完成式。
could表示“能力”“可能性”“许可”，为can的过去式。一般用于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，此时can，could并没有时间上的差别，只是could的语气更客气些。回答时用原形回答。
II. may (might), 表示许可，有“可以”的意思，询问一件事可不可以做，有时可以与can互换。其否定式may not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等，常用must not=mustn’t代替，may用于疑问句中，回答这种问题时，多避免用may，而用其他形式，以免显得口气太严峻或不客气。
表推测、或许、可能的意思，表示一件事或许会发生，只用在陈述句中。
表祝愿: May you succeed! = I hope you may succeed. May you be happy, healthy and wealthy!
might是may的过去式，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事；主句谓语动词是过去时态时用 might不用may。might一般用于比may的口气委婉，或表示现实的可能性更小一些的语境中。
III. must, have to, 表示必须要做的事，意为“必须“，否定式 mustn’t表示“不应该，不许可，禁止”等。因此，在回答带有must的问句时，不用mustn’t，而用 needn’t或don’t have to.
must在表示“必须”时与have to相近，have to比较强调客观的需要，must着重主观看法。另外must不像have to那样能有更多的时态。表推测，暗含很大的可能性，意为“一定”，只用于“肯定句”中。偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事)。如： Hey．boys！ Must you shout so loudly?
IV. shall, 用于二、三人称陈述句中。表示说话人给对方的命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等。在疑问句中，表示征询听话人是否愿意。用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
should表示劝告、建议常作“应当”讲，与ought to有时可互换，ought to更注重一些责任义务。should表示预测可能性，并译作“可能，(按道理)应该”；而ought协则表示非常可能。should用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议，ought to可表示因责任、义务等该做的事。
V. will, would, 表示意愿、意志和决心，适用于各种人称，可以用来表示各种倾向或习惯动作。有时还用来表示“难免”。其过去式是would，也可以是单独的情态动词，在表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法时，语气比will委婉，肯定的回答时用will.
VI. may well和may/ might as well后都接动词原形，是一种常用结构。may well+动词原形相当于 to be likely to，意为“(完全)能，很可能”。may/ might as well+动词原形相当于had better或幻have no strong reason not to，意为“最好，不妨”。cannot…too/enough表示“无论怎么……也不过分”，“越……越好”；cannot but do sth．表示“不得不，只好”的含义。
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情态动词专项练习
姓名______________ 班次______________ 学号______________
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
( ) 1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
( ) 2. Where is my pen? I _____ it.
A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost
( ) 3. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
( ) 4. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
( ) 5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
( ) 6. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give
( ) 7. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
( ) 8. Without electricity human life _____ quite difficult today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
( ) 9. A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
( ) 10. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
( )11. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
( ) 12. - Could I borrow your dictionary?
- Yes, of course you _____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
( ) 13. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
( ) 14. - If he _____, he _____ that food.
- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
( ) 15. Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
( ) 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
( ) 17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
( ) 18. - Shall I tell John about it?
- No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
( ) 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
( ) 20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
( ) 21.- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
- It _____ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
( ) 22. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
( ) 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
( ) 24. - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
- They _____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
( ) 25. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
- Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
( ) 26. - Will you stay for lunch?
- Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
( ) 27. - Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
- I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
( ) 28. - Write to me when you get home. - _____.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
( ) 29. I was really anxious about you, you _____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
( ) 30. - Is John coming by train?
- He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
答案全解
1．C 从原题中You can keep it till next week if you like这一信息句可知，“你不必现在还”。
2．D 从原题中Where is my pen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must + have done表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。
3．C 原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生，在wish后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
4．B 从原题中的I didn’t hear the phone.这一信息可以判断出，用must have done表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。
5．A 从原题中last Saturday这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去 事实相反的过去完成时，主句用would + have done。
6．A might have + 过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。
7．C 从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，If it had not been for … “要不是因为……”。
8．D 原题中的Without electricity相当于一个条件句：If there were no electricity,故主句用human life would be quite difficult today.
9．A can可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句can’t，表示“不能，不会”。
10．B 从原题总的“I wonder why she changed her mind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此，用should + have done，表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。
11．C 可参看10题。意思是：“昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。”
12．C 原题中的could不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时，用can回答。同样用would，might提问，用will和may回答。[注意]①- Would you rather do such a thing? - Yes, I would.
②- Would you like some tea? - Yes, I would.
这两个对话中的would rather，would like是惯用法，故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will不能去替换would。
13．A 可参看10、15题。该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”ought not to have done = shouldn’t have done
14．B 从答语中的Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。
15．B 从原题中的but he isn’t very sure yet这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来，肯定来”，D是“将要来”。
16．C 可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有……
17．D 从原题中I didn’t see your sister at the meeting和后文she would have met my brother这两个信息句可知，if条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看6、7、14题。
18．A 你不必告诉他。因为I’ve told him already这一信息句已暗示考生了。
19．C 当as if引导虚拟语气的句子是，如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时，as if后接一般过去时。例如：He walked as if he were lame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前，则用过去完成时。例如：He talked as if he had known the secret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。
20．C 只要考生抓住nearly一词和后文at any moment（随时的意思）这两个信息词语，就能很快选出C项，表示逻辑推测，意思是“快七点钟了，杰克一会儿就该到了。”
21．D 根据句意，是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。
22．B mustn’t表示“禁止”；may表示“有可能”。句子的意思是：“你不可以玩刀，可能会伤你自己。”
23．D 该题在考考生could与was able to之间的区别。Was able to表示在困难的情况下，经过一番周折而“能……”，并且成功地做了。
24．B 该题考查情态动词should表推测的用法。Can和might都可以表示可能性，用might则语气更加不肯定。Need表示“需要”、“必需”。Should可以表示推测，结合实际，合乎逻辑，意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的I need them tomorrow afternoon的语境，可以确定正确答案为B。
25．A 该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法，从会话的语境看，空白处应填“could + have +过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。
26．B 该题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表达一种意愿和请求，是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗？”，对于这种问句的肯定答语可用Sure! Certainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to等；否定回答通常是I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but … I ‘d like to, but …等。
27．D might表示“可能性”。
28．C 意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。
29．B shouldn’t have done为本来不该做某事，而事实上做了。
30．D 用may not可表示“可能不”。而can not则表示断然的否定推测“不可能”。A，C意思不符。
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高三英语复习与训练二十一一--情态动词
21. 情态动词
21.1 情态动词的语法特征
1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2） 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
21.2 比较can 和be able to
1）can/could 表示能力；可能 （过去时用could）, 只用于现在式和过去式（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to的情况：
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。
注意：could有时不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：
--- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。
2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。
21.3 比较may和might
1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：
May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
He might be at home. 他可能在家。
注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may 小。
2） 成语：may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨”。例如：
If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况确实如此，我们不妨试一试。
典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may。此句意可从后半句推出。
21.4 比较have to和must
1） 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2） have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如：
He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。
3） 否定结构中：don't have to表示“不必”，mustn't表示“禁止”。例如：
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你不得把这件事告诉他。
21.5 must表示推测
1） must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。
2） must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。例如：
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：He must be staying there. 他现在肯定在那里。
He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。
3） must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。例如：
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4） must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。例如：
---Why didn't you answer my phone call? 为何不接我的电话？
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.唉，肯定在睡觉，所以没有听见。
5） 否定推测用can't。例如：
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
21.6 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。例如：
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 我不知道她在哪儿，可能在武汉。
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。例如：
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时，想必我们老师正在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测。例如：
The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时，表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。例如：
Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。例如：
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。
21.7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1） may（might） have + done sth, can （could） have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如：
Philip may （might） have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 菲力浦可能在车祸中受了重伤。
Philip can （could） have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2） must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”，“谅必”的意思。例如：
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. 琳达已经去上班了，但她的单车还在这儿。
---She must have gone by bus.肯定乘巴士去的。
3） ought to have done sth, should have done sth表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。例如：
You ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment. 你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不该把旧衣服扔了。（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4） needn't have done sth表示本没必要做某事，但做了。例如：
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
旅行时，我衣服穿得较多，其实没有必要。那时天很热。
5） would like to have done sth表示本打算做某事，但没做。例如：
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想读这篇文章，但太忙了一直没读。
17.8 21.8 should 和ought to
除了上述的用法，两者还可表示“想必一定，按理应该”的意思。例如：
I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能维持了。
It ought to be ready now. 想必现在准备好了吧。
They should be there by now, I think. 现在他们该到那儿了。
The poems should be out in a month at most. 诗集估计最多还有一个月就要出版了。
21.9 had better表示“最好”，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。例如：
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。
She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为“本来最好”。例如：
You had better have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点。
21.10 would rather表示“宁愿”
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿…而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。例如：
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. 如果有选择的余地，我宁可辍学离开这个学校。
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我宁愿呆在这儿，而不愿回家。
典型例题
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为“宁愿”，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。
21.11 will和would
注意：1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。例如：
Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗？
2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。例如：
Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。
3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down? 你不坐下吗？
21.12 情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No, I needn't
Must you…? No, I don't have to.
典型例题
1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C. could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。
2）---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。
3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B. will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表“意愿、意志、决心”，本题表示决心，选B。
21.13 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to （=must）, be able to，为六个。它们的疑问、否定形式应予以注意：
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。
典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have told。
21.14 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1） 实义动词：need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth
2） 情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。例如：
Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。
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高考英语复习专练-情态动词、虚拟语气
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. ―― Don’t forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon.
―― No, I＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A. don’t B. can’t C. won’t D. couldn’t
2. ―― I hear you’ve got a set of Australian coins.＿＿＿I have a look?
―― Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C.Shall D. Should
3. He seldom listens to others. He＿＿＿＿＿answer for what he has done.
A. shall B. will C. can D. would
4. ―― May I leave the office before 5 o’clock in the afternoon?
―― No, I’m afraid you＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A. needn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn't D. won’t
5. ―― Shall I tell John about it?
―― No, you＿＿＿＿. I don’t know his telephone number.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
6. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How＿＿＿it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A. can B. should C. may D. must
7. The traffic light is red, so I＿＿＿＿＿＿stop my car.
A. must B. have to C. can D. mustn’t
8. ―― What happened to the young trees we planted?
―― The trees＿＿＿＿＿＿well, but I didn’t water them.
A. might grow B. needn’t have grown
C. would grow D. would have grown
9. I was really anxious about you. You＿＿＿home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
10. Children＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in public very often.
A. should be praised B. shouldn’t have praised
C. shouldn’t have been praised
D. shouldn’t be praised
11. Let’s clean the classroom, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?
A. won’t you B. shall we
C. do we D. will not you
12. Tom＿＿＿＿＿＿＿show his exam results to his parents.
A. dare not B. dared
C. dare to D. dares not to
13. I don’t think he＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ a new bike.
A. need to buy B. needs buy
C. need D. need buy
14. ―― Nacy＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ the letter from her mother.
―― No, she can’t have. The postman hasn’t come yet.
A. can receive B. can have received
C. must have received D. must receive
15. She＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿the film. She knows nothing about it.
A. can’t see B. can’t have seen
C. must see D. mustn’t have seen
16. They must have been here the day before yesterday,＿＿＿＿?
A. mustn’t they B. didn’t they
C. mustn’t have they D. had they
17. ―― I didn’t see her yesterday.
―― Oh, but you ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A. must have B. ought to
C. should have D. cannot have
18. ―― Must I take a bus ?
―― No, you＿＿＿＿. You can walk from here.
A. must not B. don’t
C. don’t have to D. had better not to
19. ―― Why do you make me do so?
―― I am sorry that you＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿do such a thing.
A. would B. can C. should D. may
20. ―― Will you stay for lunch?
―― Sorry, ＿＿＿＿＿. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t
C. I needn’t D. ?won’t
21. What would have happened＿＿＿＿, as far as the river bank?
A. if Bob has walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther
22. You didn’t let me drive. If we＿＿＿＿in turn, you＿＿＿ so tired.
A. drove； didn’t get B. drove； wouldn’t get
C. were driving； wouldn’t get
D. had driven； wouldn’t have got
23. Without electricity human life＿＿＿＿＿＿＿quite different today.
A. is B. will be
C. would have been D. would be
24. Oh, Janne, you’ve broken another glass. You ought ＿＿＿＿when you washed it.
A. be careful B. to care
C. have cared D. to have been careful
25. I＿＿＿＿＿＿often go fishing when I lived in the countryside.
A. should B. would C. could D. might
26. He＿＿＿＿＿＿rather stay at home than go to the cinema with you.
A. should B. might C. would D. had better
27. It’s high time we＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ to the theater.
A. will B. shall C. are going to D. went
28. ―― Could I use your telephone?
―― Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A. could B. will C. can D. might
29. It’s strange that they＿＿＿＿＿nothing about this matter.
A. know B. would know C. knows D. knew
30. I wish you＿＿＿＿＿＿go with me tomorrow.
A. will B. would C. shall D. can
31. ―― Do you still remember the day when we went to the Great Wall?
―― I can’t remember it well, but＿＿＿＿＿＿sometime last autumn?
A. might it be B. could it have been
C. could it be D. must it have been
32. ―― I can’t get through to the general manager’s office anyhow.
―― The line is busy. Someone＿＿＿＿＿the telephone.
A. must use B. uses
C. must have been using D. must be using
33. He suggests we＿＿＿＿＿＿to the cinema at once, otherwise we will be late.
A .must go B. go C. will go D. would go
34. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if ＿＿＿＿.
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
35. The general ordered that the thief＿＿＿＿.
A. be punished B. would punish
C. would be punished D. should punish
36. If only I＿＿＿＿＿how to operate a computer as you do!
A. had known B. wou欤?know
C. should know D. knew
37. It is surprising that he＿＿＿＿at the meeting.
A. was B. be C. is D. were
38. If you＿＿＿＿wait a moment, I’ll go and find our manager.
A. can B. should C. will D. must
39. ―― Do you think he will do me a favor?
―― As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He＿＿＿＿be prepared to give you a hand,
though.
A. might B. must C. can D. should
40. Even though I’d hurt my leg, I＿＿＿＿＿＿ swim back to the river bank.
A. could B. might C. had to D. was able to
41. You＿＿＿＿＿＿＿go to the party if you don’t finish your homework first.
A. won’t B. don’t C. oughtn’t D. shan’t
42. ―― It is rather cold here. Shall we light a fire?
―― No, we＿＿＿＿＿＿because things are easy to catch fi
虚拟语气练习题精选
1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished
2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.
A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for
3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.
A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone
4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /
6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being
7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.
A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent
8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting
9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be
11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved
13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
A. would B. should have C. may D. have
14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were
15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent
16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch
17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?” --- “No, but I wish I _____”
A. have B. will C. do D. had
18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed
19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide
20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow
21. If only I _____ my watch!
A. hadn’t lost B. haven’t lost C. didn’t lost D. don’t lose
22. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
A. may not make B. might not make
C. shouldn’t have made D. might not have made
23. We _____ the work on time without your help.
A. hadn’t had finished B. didn’t have finished C. couldn’t have finished D. can’t have finished
24. --- “Where have you been?”
--- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
A. I would be here B. I have been here C. I had been here D. I would have been here
25. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
A. were B. had been C. are D. should be
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意使用合适的情态动词助动词
1. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it. (see, ask)
2. What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days? (be)
3. But for your help, I couldn’t _____ the place. (find)
4. If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday, he _____ her from going. (be, prevent)
5. If it had not been for the liberation, no changes _____ place in my hometown. (take)
6. If Miss Green _____ late tomorrow, who would take her place? (come)
7. It seems as if it ____ already summer now. (be)
8. I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday. (see)
9. I made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made. (stick)
10. It is suggested that a study plan _____ right now. (make)
11. They required that we _____ them get in the crops. (help)
12. It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library, which made the smokers unhappy. (allow)
13.I’d rather Tom _____ tomorrow. (come)
14.It is about time you ____ the medicine, sir. (take)
15.If there _____ no electricity in the future, our life _____ a lot. (be, change)
16.Without the Communist Party there ____ New China.
17. What would have happened if you her child? (not help)
18. It is strange that he so. (think)
19. I wish I my uncle yesterday. (meet)
20. Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. (move)
21. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeting. (come)
22. Supposing the weather bad, where would they go? (be)
23. If only I to my parents’ advice! (listen)
24. I to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. (hope)
25. His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan. (agree)
26. Li Ling acted that way as though he a foreigner. (be)
参考答案
Key: 1-5. CAABB 6-10. BCBCB
11-15. CABDB 16-20. CDCCA 21-25. ADCDC
用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. had seen; would have asked
2. were 3.have found
4.had been; would have prevented
5. would have taken 6. should come/came/were to come 7. were
8. had seen 9. stick to
10. be made 11. help 12. be allowed 13. came 14. should take/took
15. should be; would change
16. would be no 17. hadn’t helped
18. (should) think 19. had met
20. moves 21.would have come
22. were 23. had listened
24. had hoped 25. didn’t agree
26. were
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虚拟语气知多少
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 它的用法在表情达意的过程中发挥着重要的作用。近几年高考在单项选择这一题型中出现不多，但在完形填空和短文改错中仍然大量出现。例如，高考完形填空第38题考察的就是在篇章语境中的虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。虚拟语气的实际用法主要包括以下几种：
1、虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示“强烈的祝愿或命令的语气”。 常用“May+主语+动词原形”或“主语+动词原形”。例如：
May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
You go out！ 你出去！
2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。由及物动词 wish引导的宾语从句常表示说话人的一种强烈的却暂时无法实现的愿望。
How I wish she would be on my side!(But in fact it’s quite impossible.我多么希望她能站在我一边啊！
How I wish I could help him! 我多么希望我能帮助他啊！
How I wish I had watched the close NBA game last night.
另外，在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的及物动词（order, command, demand, require, insist, suggest,propose,advise）之后的宾语从句中的谓语动词同样常使用虚拟语气，表示说话人的要求，其结构为：主语+should+动词原形，其中的should常可省略。例如：
The head teacher demanded that we (should ) finish the task in time today.
但是，当insist表示“坚持认为”的意思时，或suggest表示“暗示”或“表明”之意时，宾语从句仍用陈述语气。试比较：
My parents insisted that I ( should) enter a key university.
My parents insisted that they were right.
The soldier’s pale face suggested that he was happy to have given his life to his motherland.
The monitor suggested that we (should ) hold a class meeting tomorrow afternoon to discuss the problem.
3、虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural, a pity, suggested, advised, demanded, commanded, ordered ) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词常用：“ should + 动词原形 ”。例如：
It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
同理，在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的名词前后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词同样用虚拟语气，既：“主语+(should)+ 动词原形”的句型。例如：
His suggestion /advice is that we should start early tomorrow morning.
3、虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种虚拟形式，即虚拟条件现在式，过去式和将来式。
1) 虚拟条件现在式：表示与现在事实相反的假设及根本不可能的假设或结果：
条件状语从句 结果主句
If 主语+ 动词过去式（be 用were） 主语+ would/could/should/might + 动词原形
2)虚拟条件过去式：表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果：
条件状语从句 结果主句
If+主语+ had + 过去分词 主语+should/ would/could/might+ have+ 过去分词。
3）虚拟条件将来式：表示与将来事实相反的假设或结果：
条件状语从句 结果主句
If+ should /were to +动词原形 主语+ should/ would/could/might+动词原形
If I were you, I should get it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time now, I would study French. 如果我现在有时间，我会学习法语的。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
If it were to be fine tomorrow, I would go shopping with my friends. 如果明天天气好，我将和朋友们一起去买东西。
4、有关虚拟语气的几个附加问题：
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把条件状语从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面，使用部分倒装语序。 例如：
Were she younger, she would do it . 如果她年青点， 她就会干这件事了。
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
Should it snow tomorrow, it would be exciting.要是明天能下雪的话，那就太棒了。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。 If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊。
She should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会。
3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致，这种句式就被称作为“混合虚拟条件句”。 If+ had +主语+过去分词， 主语+ should/ would/could/might+动词原形
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
4）特殊句型：
It’s (high) time (that) sb. should do/过去式
Sb. would rather (that) sb +过去式
5）含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有： （1）介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。
______________the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
6)虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。
They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。
She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。
由于虚拟语气结构复杂、用法众多，因此，尤其需要大家分清虚拟语气的结构，在语言实践中灵活运用！
配套强化训练：虚拟语气
1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we all right.
A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be
2. more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been
C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been
3. If he me tomorrow, I would let him know.
A. should call B. should not have been able
C. were not able D. are not able
4. If you asked your father， you permission .
A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get
5. today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were
7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost
8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be
9. If you Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.
A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted
10. he English examination, I would have gone to the concert last Sunday
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice
A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. hadn’t contacted
13. If the horse won today, it thirty races in five years.
A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won
14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.
A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been
15. How I wish that I ______ with you last night!
A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone
16. I wish you to have a pleasant trip to Beijing this month, _________?
A. can I B. may I C. don’t I D. do I
17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ______
fully occupied the whole of last week.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. was
18. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional.
A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended
19. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d there by now.
A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling
20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _______round the earth.
A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling
21. I wish that I ______ with you last night.
A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone
22. I wish I with her.
A. would be B. am C. was D. were
23. I wish that I the concert last night.
A. could B. have attended C. could have attended D. attended
24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I to it.
A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone
25. “I wish you me to put these things away,” he said.
A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help
26. If the Watergate Incident Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.
A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling
27. I hadn’t expected ___________James to apologize but I had hoped .
A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me
28. George would certainly have attended the proceedings .
A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened
C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself
29. The teacher suggested that her students experiences with ESP.
A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the
C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his
30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success.
A. had been B. has been C. were D. was
32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he as elephant.
A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift
34. He described the town as if he it himself.
A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees
35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he from an evil dream.
A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke
答案与详解
1．A．条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。
2．B．条件句表示与过去事实的虚拟。
3．A．条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。
4．B．条件句表示与未来事实的相反。
5．C．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。
6．D．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。
7．B．这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B）would have lost为正确答案。
8．（D）这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。
9．（D）until recently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。
10．（B）假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选But for为正确答案。
11．（C）题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。
12．D．注意主句now表示现在的时间状语，所以主句是对现在虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟13．A．从句对过去的虚拟。 14．B．从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。 15.D.对过去的虚拟。
16．。
17．（D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。
18．（B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。
19．（A）该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（A）。
20．（A）as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。
21．D． 22．D． 23．C． 24．A． 25．D．
26．（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。
27．（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。
28．（C）表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（B），（D）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（C）是正确答案。
29．（A）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略）+动词原形。
30．A．表示与现在相反的虚拟。
31．A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
32．D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
33．D．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。
34．A．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
35．C．
责任编辑：李芳芳
语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词
（一）助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。
1、be (am, is, are, were, been)
(l)“be + -ing”构成进行时态；（2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；（3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：①表示按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。② 用于命令。You're to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。
2、have (has, had)
(1)“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。如：Have you seen the film ? (2)“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。如：What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么?
3、do (does, did)
(1)“do not + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。如：His brother doesn’t like playing basket.；(2)“Do + 主语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。Does he go to school by bike every day? (3)“do + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。如：I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。Do do some work. 请一定做点什么；(4)代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did.
4.will, shall (would, should)
“will (shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时，一般来说shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will代替shll，如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.
（二）情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。
将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下：
1、can和could (could为can的过去式) 的基本用法
(1)表示能力，如：He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用，如：You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示语气婉转，可用could代替can，这时could不再是can的过去式，如：Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式，如：He will be able to do the work better.
2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法
(1)表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意，如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般多不用may或 may not，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如：---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或 ---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些，如：May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用must not代替may not，如：---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous. (2)may或 might都可以表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如果用might表示可能性，则语气更加不肯定，如：They may (might) be in the library now .
3、must的基本用法
(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意，其否定式 must not，缩写形式为 mustn't，表示“不应该”，“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意，如：We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire. (2)对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have to (不 必)来回答，而不用mustn't，因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意，如：---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days. (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，如：---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just bought him a new one.
4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法
(1)can, could后接完成式的用法：①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度，Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如：---- When did you answer her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后接完成式的用法 ①表示对过去某事的推测，认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might，语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定，如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before. ②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气，如：You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better. (3)must后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的推测，认为某事在过去一定做到 了，如：Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.
5、have to 的基本用法：have to和must的意义相近，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观需要，如：I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.
6、ought to的基本用法
(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比should强，例如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推测，注意与must表示推测时的区别：He must be home by now .(断定他已到家)，He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定)，This is where the oil must be.(比较直率) ，This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) ；(3)“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而 实际未做。例如：You ought to have helped him. (but you didn’t) 这时，ought与 should可以互相换用。注意，在美国英语中ought to 用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如：Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much.
7、dare的基本用法
(l)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，如：Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词，其变化与一般行为动词相同，如：She dares to stay at home alone at night.
8、need的基本用法
(1)need作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，如：He needn't worry about us now. (2)need也可作为行为动词用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如：You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情，如：---- Did you answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn’t have answered it.
9、shall的基本用法
(1)shall用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意，如：He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示，如：Shall I open the door?
10、should的基本用法
(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意，如：You should learn from each other. (2)should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情，或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如：You should have give him more help.
11、will的基本用法
(1)用于各人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心”，如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿，如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“会要”之意，如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
12、would的基本用法
(1)would作为will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”，如：He promised he would never smoke again. (2)在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时，比用will的气更加婉转，如：Would you like some more coffee? (3)在日常生活中，学用“I would like to…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转，如：I would like to do Ex.2 first. (4)would可以表示过去的习惯动作，比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week. (5)表料想或猜想，如：It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it.
13、used to, had better, would rather的用法
(1)used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变，例如：He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young. 在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问句：Did you use to/ Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否定句：I usedn’t to / didn’t use to go there. (usedn’t 也可写作usen’t)；否定疑问句：Usen’t you to/ Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre? 强调句：I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.；其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat. didn’t she?/ use(d)n’t she? Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did./ Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to. (2)had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式，例如：---- We had better go now . ---- Yes, we had (we'd better/ we had better)./ Hadn’t we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)/ I think I’d better be going. (用于进行时态，表“最好立即”)/ You had better have done that (用于完成时态，表未完成动作) 注：had better用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。(3)would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式，例如：I’d rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/ ---- Wouldn’t you rather stay here? ---- No, I would not. I’d rather go there. 由于would rather表选择，因 而后可接than，例如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/ I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone. (句中的 'd rather不是情态动词，would 在此是表愿望的实义动词)
练习、助动词与情态动词
1. If they _________ to do this work, he might do it some other way.
A. were B. should C. will D. can
2. I was told yesterday that the company _________ me to Rome next week for a business conference.
A. should have sent B. were going to send C. should be sending D. should send
3. Let's take a walk, ________? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we
4. He was a good swimmer so he _________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
A. could B. might C. should D. was able to
5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ________ see me.
A. can B. may C. might D. could
6. ---- _________ this book be yours? ---- No, it ________ not be mine. It ________ be his.
A. Can, must, may B. May, might, must C. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may
7. “We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. ” “He _________ it. ”
A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended
8. They _________ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.
A. can have missed B. may have missed C. can have lost D. may have lost
9. Since the ground is white, it _________ last night.
A. had snowed B. must have snowed C. must be snowing D. must have been snowing
10. You must be fifty, ________?
A. mustn't you B. needn't you C. aren't you D. mnyn't you
11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _________?
A. haven't you B. didn't you C. mustn't you D. needn't you
12. ---- That must be a mistake. ---- No .it _________ be.
A. can't B. isn't able to C. can D. was able to
13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _________ have told it to him.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't
14. How ________ so?
A. dare you to say B. dare you say C. do you dare say D. dare to say
15. You are their teacher. You _________ care of them.
A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take
16. She is studying medical science now but she _________ a lawyer.
A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been
17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _________ English every day.
A. will be used to speak B. will be used to speaking
C. must be used to speak D. would be used to speaking
18. I did not call to make my airline reservation (预订) but I _________.
A. should have B, may have C. must have D. shall have
19. As a girl, she _________ get up at six every day.
A. would B. will C. might D. should
20. Don't you remember that we _________ to the cinema tonight?
A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be gone
21. ---- Shall I tell John about it? ---- No, you _________. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
22. “Would you mind if I open the window?” “__________”.
A. I don't like it B. Yes .please C. No, please D. No. I'm sorry
23. “Would you tell me something about the affair?” “__________”.
A. Yes .please B. All right C. Not at all D. I do
24. M:________?
T:I'd love to, but I'm afraid I have no time.“
M:0h, no. You'll surely come over.
T: It's very nice of you. But I'm sorry I have to go to a meeting.
A. Do you have lunch out in a restaurant B. Shall I have you with me at my birthday
C. Did you go to see the film D. Have you enjoyed yourself at the party
25. ”You ought to have come here ten minutes ago?“ ”Yes, I _________. “
A. ought to B. ought to have C. ought D. have ought to
26. ”Would you like to go out for a walk?“ ”Yes, ___________. “
A. I'd like to B. I'd like C. I'll like to D. I would
27. ________ you succeed !
A. Can B. May C. Must D. Will
28. Did he need ________ then?
A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left
29. Do you think if he dares _________ in public.
A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. spoken
30. He ________ eating American food since he came here.
A. used to B. has been used C. has been used to D. was used to
31. A computer ________ think for itself; it ________ be told what to do.
A. may not, must B. mustn't, might C. shouldn't, could D. can't, must
32. ”________ you mind my opening the window?“ ”Not at all. “
A. Shall B. Should C. Will D. Would
33.1 didn't hear the phone. I _________ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should have been D. could have been
34. You _________ me about it earlier, but you didn't.
A. should have told B. would have told C. must have told D. should tell
35. The teacher told the students that they ________ keep silent in class all the time.
A. ought to not B. ought not to C. ought not to have D. can't
36. ”May I go now?“ ”No, you ________. “
A. mustn't B. needn't C. mightn't D. won't
37. You _________ do the exercise if you don't want to.
A. may not B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
38. You _________ pay more attention to your spelling next time.
A. would B. should C. will D. shall
39. The girl _________ out alone at night.
A. dare not go B. dare not to go C. dares not go D. does not dare go
40. There ________ be a lot of small houses on both sides of the street.
A. used to B. get used to C. would D. did use to
参考答案：
语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词
1~5 ABDDD 6~10 CBBBC 11~15 BACBC 16~20 ADAAC 21~25 ACBBB
26~30 ABBCC 31~35 DDBAB 36~40 ADBAA
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情态动词的特殊用法
情态动词的特殊用法是历年高考的考查热点。下面我们以实例进行解析，帮助同学们更好地掌握该内容。
1. _____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
解析：答案为B。Should you be fired = If you should be fired。英语中should是一个常用的情态动词，但它可用于条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，意为“万一，竟然”。
2. -What’s the name?
-Khulaifi. _____ I spell that for you?
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
解析：答案为A。Shall I/we . . . ? 是用来表示征求对方意见或建议的常用句型，它不表示将来。注意：shall的这一用法也适用于第三人称的疑问句中。例如：Shall he come to see you?（要不要他来看你?）
3. John, look at the time. _____ you play the piano at such a late hour?
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
解析：答案为A。此题考查must的特殊用法。这里must表示与说话人相反的愿望或语气不耐烦，意为“偏偏，偏要”。注意：近几年must表示“偏偏，偏要”这一用法已成为高考的一个热点。
4. -Must I turn off the gas after cooking?
-Of course. You can never be _____ careful with that.
A. enough B. too C. so D. very
解析：答案为B。can/could not（never） . . . too是一个固定搭配，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。
5. Some aspects of a pilot’s job _____ be boring, and pilots often _____ work at inconvenient hours.
A. can；have to B. may；can
C. have to；may D. ought to；must
解析：答案为A。考查can表示一时的可能性、偶尔发生的事情，意为“有时会”。这个考点在近几年高考中备受青睐。第二空表示“不得不”。
6. -When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
-They _____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
解析：答案为B。should可用于肯定句中，表示说话人较为婉转的推测，并留有余地，具有“可能；该”之意。
7. When he was there, he _____ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
解析：答案为A。would此处表示过去反复发生的动作或行为，意为“总是，习惯于”。
8. -Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
-You _____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.
A. shan’t B. might not
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
解析：答案为A。在表达“许诺、警告、意图、命令、决心”等，且主语为第二、第三人称时，须用情态动词shall。
9. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
解析：答案为C。should可用在表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等语气的名词性从句中，意为“竟然、竟会”。这一点也是近年高考的热点。
10. Many people agree that _____ knowledge of English is a must in _____ international trade today.
A. a；不填 B. the；an C. the；the D.不填；the
解析：答案为A。句中的must为名词，意为“必需的物品、不可缺少的东西”。如果同学们对must作名词的用法掌握较好，则非常有助于对该题的理解与解答。
11. How _____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
A. can B. must C. need D. may
解析：答案为A。can可用在疑问句、否定句中，表示说话者对那人所说的“只看了文章的一部分，就知道整个故事”感到怀疑和惊讶。
12. The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone _____ get out.
A. had to B. would
C. was able to D. could
解析：答案为C。was/were able to表示经过努力而成功地做成某事，相当于managed to do/succeeded in doing；而could只表示过去具备某种能力。
13. There’s no light on - they ____ be at home.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
解析：答案为A。该题考查情态动词表推测。情态动词表推测时，must用于肯定句,can用于否定和疑问句。
14. Tom, you _____ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
解析：答案为B。此处mustn’t表示强烈的否定，意为“千万别，一定不要”。
15. _____ we never forget each other.
A. May B. Can C. Must D. Should
解析：答案为A。此处may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。整句意为“愿我们彼此永不相忘。”又如：May you return in safety. （愿你平安归来。）
练习：
1. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _____ it be that he was late for opening ceremony?
A. can B. should C. may D. must
2. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter _____ go and do the opposite!
A. may B. can C. must D. should
3. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
4. “The interest ___________ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
5. You can’t imagine that a top student ______ have failed in the college entrance examination.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
6. Football, as is known to the world, _______ be exciting and inviting.
A. should B. might C. can D. will
7. -_____ he open the door?
-Yes, please.
A. Shall B. Will C. Can D. Would
8. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _____ be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
9. -Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
-No, it ______ be him-I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
10. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
11. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow
12. You _____ use my bike on condition that you give it to me before I leave here.
A. should B. must C. ought to D. shall
（Keys: 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. D）
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高三英语复习与训练十六一--虚拟语气
16. 虚拟语气
1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。
2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
16.1 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表：
句 型 条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
祈使句
情态动词一般现在时
例如：If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来，会带小提琴来的。
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
（错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
（对） If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
16.2 非真实条件句
1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。
a. 与现在事实相反的假设
条件从句 主句
一般过去时（be用were） should（would）等 +动词原形
例如：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。
含义：They are not here, they can’t help you.
b. 与过去事实相反的假设
条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should（would）等+ have+ 过去分词
例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should/would等 + 动词原形
were+ 不定式
should+ 动词原形
例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.
16.3 混合条件句
有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。
16.4 虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：
Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。
Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。
注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用”were“，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do。
16.5 特殊的虚拟语气词should
1）在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
It is 可用的词有三类 that （should）do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + （should） do等。例如：
I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意：如suggest, insist不表示”建议“ 或”坚持要某人做某事时“，即它们用于其本意”暗示、表明“、”坚持认为“时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
判断改错： （错） You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.
（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
（错） I insisted that you（should）be wrong.
（对） I insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。例如：
My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。
I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。
16.6 wish的用法
1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：
主句 从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为 were） 现在时 过去时
从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had + 过去分词） 过去时 过去完成时
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形
例如：I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do。例如：
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。
I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望经理能马上得到消息。
16.7 比较if only与only if
only if表示”只有“；if only则表示”如果……就好了“。If only也可用于陈述语气。例如：
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
16.8 It is （high） time that
It is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。例如：
It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
16.9 need ”不必做“和”本不必做“
didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。例如：
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 （Mary步行回家了，没有遇上John的车。）
典型例题
There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
答案D。needn't have done. 意为”本不必“，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, ”不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。
16.10 虚拟语气练习
1.Everything ______ if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.
a.will be destroyed b. will have been destroyed
b.would be destroyed d. would have been destroyed
2.If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night,______.
a.you would meet John already b. you won’t have missed John
c.you will have met John d. you would have met John
3.Supposing this ship ______ , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?
a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were to sink d. sunk
4.The insects would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if ______ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
a. it is not b. it were not c. were it not d. they were not
5.The teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan for the vacation.
a. made b. make c. makes d. will make
6.Frankly, I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
a. do b. don’t do c. didn’t do d. will not do
7.After the way she treated you, if I ______ in your place.
a. be b. am c. was d. were
8.The idea is that the nation ______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.
a. sent b. sends c. send d. must send
9.It’s high time you ______.
a. start to work b. would start to work c. started to work d. had started to work
10.“If I hadn’t practiced when I was younger,” the musician says,“I ______ able to play so well now.”
a. wouldn’t be b. won’t be c. wouldn’t have been d. couldn’t have been
11.It is imperative that you ______ there in person.
a. are b. were c. be d. will be
12.The atomic structure is, ______, a miniature solar system.
a. as it were b. as if they were c. as it were d. as if are
13.We required that the machine parts ______ cast iron.
a. is made of b. be made from c. be made of d. is made by
14.The management urged that the cost of production ______.
a.to be further reduced b. was further reduced
b.be further reduced d. should further reduced
15.The business is risky. But ______ we would be rich.
a. should we succeed b. we should succeed c. might we succeed d. would we succeed
16.I wish our teacher ______ to give another test. I haven’t got prepared yet.
a. isn’t going b. weren’t going c. will not going d. could have gone
17.I wish I ______ to the movies with you last night.
a. went b. did go c. could go d. could have gone
18.I’d just as soon ______ rudely to her.
a. that you won’t speak b. your not speaking c. you not speak d. you didn’t speak
19.If I ______ in the twenty-first century, I ______ my vacation in a very different way.
a. should live…would spend b. will live ….should spend
c. are living … should have spent d. will be living…would have spent
20.It is required that the machine ______ as frequently as necessary.
a. be oiled b. must be oiled c. is oiled d. will oil
21.His English teacher recommends that he ______ a regular degree program.
a. begins b. begin c. will begin d. is beginning
22.We prefer that the plan ______ before being put into execution.
a.is fully discussed b. must be fully discussed
c.be fully discussed d. will be fully discussed
23.What do you think of his proposal that improvements ______ in the old type of vacuum cleaner?
a. be made b. will be made c. would be made d. will have to be made
24.The doctor’s advice is that the patient ______ about his real physical condition.
a.be not told b. not be told c. will not be told d. must not be told
25.______,we could not have finished the work on time.
a.If they do not help us b. Was it not for their help
c.Should they offer to help us d. But for their help
26.If we had been more careful, we ______ much better results now.
a. got b. had got c. would be getting d. would have got
27.Henry ______ a rich man today if he had been more frugal in the past.
a. would be b. is c. will be d. was
28.They thought it desirable that an armed guard ______ in readiness.
a. stands b. stand c. stood d. would stand
29.All science students, ______,should have a good foundation in basic sciences.
a.whether they are future physicists and chemists
b.they are future physicists of chemists
c.they should be future physicists of chemists
d.be they future physicists or chemists
30.Sally can’t have written tome, or ______ the letter by now.
a. I’ll get b. I’ll have got c. I’d have got d. I’d get
31.I should very much like to have gone to the party but I ______.
a. am not invited b. was not invited c. shall not be invited d. am not being invited
32.There is a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that chief attention ______ to the undertaking that is expected to bring in highest profit.
a. is given b. gives c. should be given d. must be given
33.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______ to its burning temperature.
a. be heated b. is heated c. would be heated d. to heat
34.“Did you go to see the football match yesterday?”
“No. I didn’t feel well, but I would have gone if I ______.”
a.did b. have c. would d. had
35.If we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we ______ her at the bus station.
a. may have met b. might meet c. may meet d. might have met
36.We’re safer in a train than we would be if we ______ any other way.
a. traveled b. had traveled c. travel d. have traveled
37.He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I ______ of hunger and cold.
a. would be died b. would have died c. would die d . will have died
38.______ today, he would get there by Friday.
a.Was he leaving b. If he is leaving c. Were he to leave d. If he leaves
39.Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight ______.
a.could be not solved b. could not be solved
b.could not have been solved d. could not have solved
40.He is a poorly learnt man. But he acts as though he ______.
a. is b. were c. should be d. seems like
41.The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ______ on the way.
a. goes wrong b. go wrong c. went wrong d. would go wrong
42.______ the fog, we should have reached our destination.
a. Because of b. In spite of c. In case of d. But for
43.The old man went to office on foot, but he ______ by bus.
a. might have gone b. ought have gone c. could have gone d. should be gone
44.He is working hard for fear that he ______ to pass the exam.
a. fails b. may fail c. should fail d. would fail
45.She put on her glasses in order that she _____.
a. can see b. saw c. had seen d. might see
46.Whatever ______ we’ll go ahead.
a. had happened b. will happen c. might happen d. may be happened
47.If I ______ out of ink, I might have finished writing the paper.
a. hadn’t run b. shouldn’t run c. didn’t run d. haven’t run
48.But for your advice, I ______ into trouble.
a. would get b. got c. might have got d. should get
49.______ for the traffic jam, I should have covered fifty miles.
a. Had it been b. Had it not been c. It had not been d. It not had been
50.Were it not for the adoption of the open policy, things ______ they are today.
a. would never be b. could have been c. would never have been d. didn’t have
51.If only I ______ there.
a. have not been b. would not been c. will not be d. had not been
52.Tom would buy that bicycle but he ______ no money.
a. had b. has c. had had d. has had
53.I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there.
a. was b. were c. had been d. went
54.It is time we ______ up our results.
a. sum b. summed c. will sum d. would sum
55.Dr Bethune worked hard as if he ______.
a. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired c. never felt tired d . was tired never
56.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I ______ the book from which it was made.
a. have read b. should have read c. am reading d. had read
57.It is strange that such a thing ______ in your school.
a.will happen b. happens c. should happen d. happened
58.If she could sew,______.
a.she make a dress b. she would have made a shirt
c.she will make a shirt d. she would had made a coat
59.“Did you notice John was not at work today?”
“No. If ______ working, I would have noticed it.”
a.I’d be b. I wasn’t c. I’d been d. weren’t
60.“Why don’t you explain it to her?”
“I ______ it to her if I thought she would understand.”
a.would explain b. will explain c. explain d. would have explained
61.“Your performance was very good.”
“I could have done better if I ______ more time.”
a. have had b. had c. had had d. will have had
62.“She wouldn’t drink her medicine last night, would she?”
“______.”
a.No, but I wish she wouldn’t b. No, but I wish she had
b.Yes, I wish she drank d. yes, I wish she could
63.I think it advisable that he ______ for Tokyo soon.
a. will leave b. may leave c. leave d. leaves
64.The committee asked that the matter ______ at the next meeting.
a. would be discussed b. will be discussed c. be discussed d. may be discussed
65.______ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive today.
a.If he went b. Were he gone c. should he had gone d. Had he gone
66.______ the work, he would do it some other way.
a. Was he going b. If he does c. Were he to do d. If he is doing
67._____,I hardly think I would have recognized him.
a.Should his name not be mentioned b. Had someone not mentioned his name
c.If someone did not mention his name d. If someone had mentioned his name
68.I’d just as soon ______ to the theatre tonight.
a. not going b. not to go c. not go d. that I won’t go
69.At the last committee meeting, the motion that the club ______ open until midnight was defeated.
a. remains b. remain c. remained d. would remain
70.The business of each day, ______ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
a. it being b. be it c. was it d. it was
22.14虚拟语气练习答案
1 D 19 A 37 B 55 B
2 D 20 A 38 C 56 D
3 C 21 B 39 C 57 C
4 B 22 C 40 B 58 B
5 B 23 B 41 B 59 C
6 C 24 A 42 D 60 A
7 D 25 D 43 C 61 C
8 C 26 C 44 C 62 B
9 C 27 A 45 D 63 C
10 A 28 B 46 C 64 C
11 C 29 D 47 A 65 D
12 C 30 C 48 C 66 C
13 C 31 B 49 B 67 B
14 C 32 C 50 C 68 C
15 A 33 A 51 D 69 B
16 B 34 D 52 B 70 B
17 D 35 D 53 C 71
18 D 36 A 54 B 72
责任编辑：李芳芳
语法系列复习专题六-----情态动词、主谓一致
情 态 动 词
一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答
1. Need I/he/…?
Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)
2. Must I/ he/…?
No,you/ he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)have to.(不用mustn’t)
3. May I/ he/…?
No,you/ he/…mustn’t.(少用may not)
4. Could(Can)you…?
Yes,I can (不用could)
5. Shall I/she/ he…?
No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t
二、情态动词表“推测”
1.can,may,must使用的句式：
1)肯定陈述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定”意，may/might表“也许，或许”意。
2)否定陈述句中：can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意，may not/might not表“也许不、可能不”意。
3)疑问句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。
注意：表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。
2.对目前状态的推测：
1)must/may/might/can/could＋be＋表语
例如：She must be a teacher.她肯定是老师。She can’t/couldn’t be a doctor.她肯定不是医生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是医生。
2)must/may/might/can/could＋一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belong to等)
例如：She must have her own car,for she has a lot of money.
That kind of bird may live in the valleys.
3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测：
句式：must/may/might/can/could＋be doing
例如：They must be waiting for us.他们肯定正在等我们。
She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作业。
Can/Could he be playing football?他会正在踢足球吗？
4.对已发生的事情进行推测：
句式：must/may/might/can/could＋have done
例如：There’s no lignt in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She can’t/couldn’t have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beijing last year?
注意：will have done句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。
例如：He will have learned advanced mathematics,for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能学过高等数学，因为他对此懂得很多。
三、“情态动词＋have done”用法
1.should/ought to ＋have done,意“本应该…”，含有责备或后悔意。
例如：You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./
2.shouldn’t/oughtn’t to＋have done,意“本不应该”，含有责备或后悔意。
例如：You shouldn’t have watered the flower./I oughtn’t to have scolded her for such a small thing.
3.might have done,意“过去可能做”；could have done意“本能够做”，两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意，也可表对过去情况的推测。
例如：He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang.last week,but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。We could have finished the work ahead of time.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。
四、情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法
1.“肯定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would/won’t you形式。
例如：Stand still,will/would/won’t you?
2.“否定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would you形式。
例如：Don’t watch TV,will/would you?
3.Let’s…,shall we? ; Let us…,will/won’t you?
4.含有must句子的反意问句
1)must表示“必须”时，附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如：He must go with you,needn’t/mustn’t he?
2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时，附加部分用may.例如：She mustn’t leave,may she?
3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：
A.He must be an engineer,isn’t he?They must be writing now,aren’t they?(这类句子问句前部分含“must be…”或“must be doing…”。)
B.She must have a car/live there, doesn’t she?
C.He must have seen the film,hasn’t he？(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为must have done,句子无具体过去时间状语。)
D.He must have seen the film last week,didn’t he?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为must have done,句子有具体过去时间状语。)
E.Mother must have been shopping then,wasn’t she?(前面部分谓语为must have been doing。)
5.含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。
例如：She may have finished her homework,hasn’t she?
五、几组词语辨析
1.must与have to:must强调说话者的主观看法，have to强调客观需要，表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’t have to,不能用mustn’t。
2.can/could与be able to:can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not) able to ，而不用could(not)。例如：He worked hard,but he wasn’t able to pass the exam.
3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fish will die out of water./ She’ll sit for hours without saying anything.
②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如：He would walk by the river in the morning.注意：would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说He would be late for school last year. ③used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如：He used to get up early. He used to be late for school.
情态动词考点分析
1.－Could I borrow your dictionary? (NMET)
－Yes,of course you________.
A.might B.will C.can D.should
析：B、D意明显不合；A语气不妥，与of course不符。此题Could是表Can意的委婉说法，并非过去时，所以答案应为C。
2.－Shall I tell John about it?
－No,you_________.I’ve told him already. (NMET)
A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shoudn’t
析：B意明显不合用，可排除。mustn’t意“不许、不得”，shouldn’t意“不应该”都不合情景。只有needn’t表“不必”与下文“I’ve told him already”相贴切。
3.－There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.
－It_________a comfortable journey. (NMET)
A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be
C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been
析：A、B是对现在情况而言，与情景不合。表否定推测不能说mustn’t have been,只有D选项“不可能是”意思切合，时态也对，故为正确答案。
4.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly ，but everyone________get out.
(NMET)
A.could B.would C.was able to D.had to
析：根据题干提供的情景B、D皆应排除。在A、C两选项中，因为根据情景要选一个“经过努力能够”这样意思的词，故定答案为C。
5.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I________for her.
A.had to write it out B.must have written it out
C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out
析：A项意“(当时)不得不写出来”，不合题意；D项意“(现在)应写出来”也不合题意；B项意“(当时)肯定已写出来”明显不对。只有表“当初应该写出来”意的C项才合上下文。
6.That young man has made so much noise that he_________not have been allowed to attend the concert. (上海高考题)
A.could B.must C.would D.should
析：若选A。意“不可能已被允许…”与情景不合，应排除；B项不可选；C项意“当时将不会被允许…”也与情况相悖。只有D“should not have been allowed…”表示“当初不该让他…”才合题意。
7.－Can I help you,sir?
－Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it______.(NMET)
A.didn’t work B.couldn’t work C.can’t work D.doesn’t work
析：若选A。意“昨天不响（今天响了）”，不合题目情景；若选B。其意是“当时不能工作（现在能工作了）”，显然不合题；若选C。意为“这台收音机根本不能工作（是废品）”这未免显得武断；只有D表“这台机子不响（有毛病）”意才能合理地表达来找商店服务员的原因。
主谓一致（Agreement）
1.“Either A or B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于B。
例：Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball,otherwise they
would take part in the basketball match.
但在一般疑问句中，谓语取决于A。
例如：Do either the students or their teacher dislike basketball?
Is either he or you going there?
这种谓语取决于与其最近的主语现象叫做“就近原则”。
2．“Neither A nor B＋谓语”结构，谓语多取决于B。但现代英语也出现复数谓语，
理由是neither A nor B是两部分之和，为复数概念，故其后可用复数谓语。
例如：Neither she nor I was(或were)fortunate enough to gain extra points.
她和我都不幸未能获得附加分。
Neither you nor he does(或do)well in maths.
3．Neither of…接单、复谓(通常视为单数，但在口语中，从意义上亦可视为复数)
None of…接单、复谓
例：Neither of them is(或are)right.
None of you is(或are)fit for the job.
4. as well as（以及）
(together)with(以及)B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于A。
“A along with(以及)
but(除去)
rather than
例: as well as
The trainer along with two gymnasts is in the gym.
(together) with
教练和两个体操运动员在体操房里。
All but Li Dong have passed the test. 除了李东所有人都通过了考试。
Nobody but Li Dong and Wang Hong has passed the test.
除了李东和王宏没有什么人通过那场考试。
5. 表示钱数、时间、长度、数学等概念名词其后通常用单数谓语。
例：200 yuan / 500 dollars / 20 minutes is not enough for us.
makes 15.
10 and 5 10加5等于15.
is
makes 5.
10 minus 5 10减5等于5.
is
（以上两数词例，现代英语认为make,are也对。）
20 kilometres is too much for them. 20公里是他们吃不消的。
6. There be 结构中be的形式取决于靠近be的名词，若是单数名词，则be为is/was;
若是复数名词，则be为are/were（即第1条中的“就近原则”）。
例如：There is a desk,two chairs and three sofas in the room.
There are three sofas,two chairs and a desk in the room.
7. a group of…，a team of…后跟复谓、单谓皆可，跟复谓的理由是不止一个人，跟单谓的理由是将许多人视为“一组”、“一队”这样的一个单位体。
例如：A group/team of students are /is cleaning the street.
8. 象school ,class,family,team,group government等这类群体名词，其后谓语可能是单数形式，也可能是复数形式。通常视其为一个整体单位时，用单数谓语；视其为群体成员时，则用复数谓语。
例如：The class are having a meeting. 这个班学生在开会。
The class is not very big. 这个班不是大班。
The family enjoy singing and dancing. 这家人喜欢唱歌跳舞。
The family has only three persons.这家只有三口人。
9. 象police,clothes,trousers这类复数概念名词，其后总是跟复数谓语。the wounded
（伤员）后总是跟复数谓语。
10. 象clothing,news,information,advice这类不可数名词后应跟单数谓语，但它们前面有可数性短语修饰时，也可跟复数谓语。
例如：The clothing is very nice.The news is interesting.
Five articles of clothing are over there.
Three pieces of news were announced on TV.
11.百分数of＋复名＋复谓，百分数of＋单名／不可数名词＋单谓
例：40 percent of the students are girls.
80 percent of the work/the book has been finished.
分数后的谓语形式同百分数。
12. who/why/how/whether/if/than引导的名词从句＋单谓
例：How he got there is unknown./Why she did it remains a puzzle./It’s lucky that he is still alive.
13. A (large)number of＋复名＋复谓。
例：A number of books are over there.
A large amount of＋不可数名词＋单谓。
例：A large amount of money has been spent.
The number of＋复名＋单谓。
例：The number of the students in our school is 2000.
主谓一致考点分析
1．_____either he or I to leave for America?
A. Is B.Am C.Are D.Will
析：由or,either…or, nor, neither…or, whether…or, not…but, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，其谓语动词的单复数要根据“就近原则”处理，因为空白处与he最近，故要选A。
2. No one has finished his homework,________?
A.have they B.haven’t they C.has he D.hasn’t he
析：由No one可知空白处应选肯定式，故可排除B,D。又因为句子表述的意思是“没
有一个人完成作业”，从人数上看是很多人没完成作业，故排除C项，而选A。
3. There comes the bus,_______?
A.doesn’t there B.doesn’t it C.does it D.are there
析：这是一个倒装句，主语是bus，谓语是comes, 所以答案应选B。
4. He is a teacher but his wife is a doctor,_______?
A.isn’t she B.isn’t it C.aren’t they D.isn’t he
析：此题问句前部分含but，重点是强调his wife is a doctor,故问句部分取决于此部分，因此，该题答案为A。
5. They don’t think money is everything,_______?
A.is it B.isn’t it C.will they D.do they
析：如果是“I/ We(don’t)think＋宾从”则反意问句主语和谓语取决于宾语从句，但此句主句的主语不是I或we，而是They,这时反意问句部分的主语和谓语要取决 于主句的主、谓语，所以此题答案应选D。
6. Each soldier and sailor_____given a rifle when the ship landed.
A.were B.was C.are D.is
析：根据when the ship landed,可知应排除C,D.又因“each/every A and(each/every)B”结构的主语后面应跟单数谓语，所以答案为B。
7.More than one person_____involved(卷入)in th case.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
析：要表达“被卷入”，只能在A,B之中选一个，因more than one后应跟单名，单
谓，所以答案为A。
8.He is the only one of our customers who____this kind of article.
A.like B.likes C.are fond of D.loved
析：从时态考虑可排除D。因“the/the only…of＋复名”后的定语从句谓语应该
用单数形式，所以答案应是B。但此题若将the only 去掉，则答案为A。
情态动词、主谓一致专练
1. The possibe____often proved impossible.
A. have B.has C.are D.will
2.Neither you nor I am mad,____?
A.are you B.aren’t I C.am I D.are we
3.You don’t think I am wrong,____?
A.don’t you B.do you C.aren’t D.am I
4.It was Lin Song who broke the rules of the school,____?
A.wasn’t it B.didn’t he C.was it D.did he
5.Bruce must have been in China for a long time,_____?
A.hasn’t he B.mustn’t he C.Isn’t he D.wasn’t he
6.What the teacher has said is true,____?
A.has he B.hasn’t he C.is it D.isn’t it
7.It must have snowed last night,____?
A.isn’t it B.haven’t he C.mustn’t it D.didn’t it
8.It’s the first time that Xiao Qing has been to Tianjin,_____?
A.has she B.is it C.hasn’t she D.isn’t it
9. The trousers_____fit for him.
A.is B.are C.must D.do
10.He rather than Li Ying and Wang Ping____praised by the teacher.
A.are B.is C.were D.was
11.Where is my pen?I_____it. (NMET)
A.should have lost B.must have lost C.would have lost D.might lose
12.A computer____think for itself ; it must be told what to do.(NMET)
A.can’t B.couldn’t C.may not D.might not
13.We_____last night ,but we went to the concert instead. (NMET)
A.must have studied B.might study
C.should have studied D.would study
14.I didn’t hear the phone ,I_____asleep. (NMET)
A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been
15.Be sure to write to us,_____? (NMET)
A.will you B.aren’t you C.can you D.mustn’t you
16.I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning.She____at the meeting.
(上海)
A.mustn’t have spoken B.shoudn’t have spoken
C.needn’t have spoken D.couldn’t have spoken
17.There is plenty of time.She____. (NMET)
A.must have hurried B.needn’t have hurried
C.must not hurry D.couldn’t have hurried
18.You don’t______to go there if you have no time.(上海)
A.need B.want C.must D.ought
19.Sir,you_____be sitting in this waiting-room.It is for women and children
only.(上海)
A.oughtn’t to B.can’t C.won’t D.don’t
20.Tom ought not to_____me your secret ,but he meant no harm. (NMET)
A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told
21.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack_____be here at any moment.(NMET)
A.must B.need C.should D.can
22.Your coat is dirty,_____it for you?
A.Am I washing B.Will I wash C.Am I going to wash D.Shall I wash
23.No one _____that to his face.
A.dare say B.dare to say C.dares saying D.dares said
24.There used to be a church in the east of the town,_____?
A.didn’t there B.usen’t to there C.used there D.usedn’t to there
25._____you be happy!
A.Can B.May C.Must D.Would
26.Put on more clothes . You_____be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A.would B.can C.could D.must
27.－Why didn’t you answer when I called you?
－I_____but you didn’t hear me.
A.had to B.couldn’t C.didn’t answer D.did
28.I_____that time is more valuable than money.
A.hardly need say B.need hardly say
C.need hardly to say D.hardly need to say
29.I____like to become a pianist some day.
A.will B.may C.would D.shall
30 He_____there now,but I am not sure.
A.maybe B.may be C.may have been D.might have been
31.－I didn’t see him yesterday.
－Oh,but you______.
A.ought to B.should have C.can’t have D.may have
32.－Where were you this morning?I tried to call you.
－I _____ to the library for a while.
A.tried to go B.should go C.must go D.had to go
33.The flower is dead.I_____it more water.
A.will give B.must give C.should have given D.would have given
34.－Does Tom want to go to the film?
－Yes,but he says_____tonight.
A.he’d not rather go B.he’ll rather not go
C.he won’t rather go D.he’d rather not go
35.－Did you walk home by yourself last night?
－Yes ,I did. But I guess I_____.
A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.may not have D.needn’t have
36.－Do you speak Japanese?
－No,I don’t , but I_____speak Chinese.
A.ought B.have to C.do D.must
37.If you_____quiet ,I’ll tell you what happned
A.be B.will be C.are D.are to be
38.－Look ,it_____be Li Ping.
－No,it____be him.He’s gone abroad.
A.may;mustn’t B.must;may C.must;can’t D.can;may not
39.Professor Wang,many students want to see you. _____they wait here or outside?
A.Do B.Are C.Will D.Shall
40.I can’t find Mr Wang anywhere in the office building.Where____he have gone?
A.may B.can C.must D.Should
41.Wherever you____,there’s no place like home.
A.can go B.must go C.might go D.may go
42.－Don’t forget to post the letter for me.
－I _____.
A.won’t B.will C.don’t D.can’t
43.－Must I take a taxi?
－No,you_____.You can walk from here.
A.don’t B.must not C.don’t have to D.had better not to
44.The bus _____start;I don’t know what to do with it.
A.can’t B.won’t C.shan’t D.may not
45.The car broke down on the way ,but we_____get out of the desert at last.
A.might B.would C.were able to D.could
46.The rest of the lecture_____interesting.
A.is B.are D.maybe D.sound
47.One and a half bananas____eaten by the little boy.
A.were B.was C.have been D.was to
48.The cattle_____still grazing in the fields.
A.was B.keeps C.were D.won’t
49.What caused the accident and who was responsible for it_____a mystery(谜)to
us.
A.remains B.remain C.is D.look like
50.All _____not gold that glitters.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
情态动词、主谓一致答案
1－5 B D B A A 6－10 D D D B D 11－15 B B C B A
16－20 D C A A A 21－25 C D A A B 26－30 D D D C B
31－35 B D C D D 36－40 C B C D B 41－45 D A C B C
46－50 A A C B A
责任编辑：李芳芳
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