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初中英语语法 主谓一致
一、主谓一致：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语 法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用 复数形式。
例如：Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 例如： My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书 20 美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。
例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且 他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、 主谓一致常考题型：
1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)做主语， 谓语用复数形式。
2. many a+单数名词做主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。 例如： Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词做主语，谓语用单数。
例如： More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语做主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。
例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0 英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5 减 4 等于 1。
5. 主语是 each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
例如： Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如： One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式，动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：To see is to believe 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 做主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 当主语部分含有 with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如： Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
10. 由 and 连接的两个单数名词做主语时，一般用复数形式，但 and 所连接的并列主语是同一个人、事物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。
这两种情况区分如下： a/the+单数名词+and+ 单数名词，指的是同一个人或物; a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。
例如：The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
11. people, police 等集体名词做主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family, class, group, team 等集体名词做主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。
例如：People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing 做主语，谓语动词用单数，
例如：Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗?
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other 做主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如 news, maths, physics 等，
例如： No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
No Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
15. 由 both„and„ 连接两个单数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式; 由 or, either„or„，neither„nor„,not only„but also„,not„but„,连接两个名词或代词做主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
例如： Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.
Not only you but also he is ready to leave.
如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。
初中英语选择题技巧
1、结合语境
结合近几年全国各省市中考英语试题来看，单选题的命题方向越来越注重语境的考查。这类题的特点是，所给的四个选项填入空里，都没有语法错误，所以，同学们只有通过具体的语境分析，才能选择正确答案。
2、情景交际
英语是一门语言学习的学科，学习的目的在于英语。由此，情景交际也就很自然的成为单项选择题的热点。现在的中考单选题“语境与情景”是命题者命题的主要指导思想。所以，同学们在解答这类题的时候一定要在具体的情景下使用正确合适的应答。
3、习惯搭配
单选题经常会考查一些固定短语、固定结构和习惯用法等。对于这类题，就需要同学们在平时的学习中注意积累这方面的知识点，遇到这类题，在理解句子意思的基础上，根据习惯搭配就可以直接选择答案。习惯搭配是解答单选题的捷径。
4、找关键词
有的单选题，在题干中会有一些有利于我们解题的关键词，抓住这些关键词会使我们的问题迎刃而解。这些关键词是我们解题的突破口。
5、分析近义词
在英语的选择题中，会有很多近义词辨析这样的题。这对于同学们来说是很容易丢分的题。做这类题，需要大家学会区别它们的用法，学会分析。：
6、生活常识
有的时候在单选题中会出现一些关于政治、历史、地理、风俗习惯、科技等一些常识的考题。在解这类题的时候，我们就需要借助生活经验以及相关的学科知识来进行推理。
本次整理就到这里啦，祝大家在考试中能金榜题名!
第二章 主谓一致
句子的谓语动词和句子的主语应在数方面保持一致。主谓一致的基本原则是：主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。句子的主语有以下几种类型：
1．带后置定语型。其谓语动词的形式依主语的单复数而定，与后置定语无关。
（together）with …
except / but …
S + besides … V
rather than …
as well as …
A library together with a lot of books has been given to our school as a gift.
Two pilots as well as all the passengers were killed in this plane crash.
两个飞行员连同所有旅客都死于这次空难。
2．部分-整体型。其谓语的单复数，由整体部分决定。
70 percent
two-thirds
part of the / one’s + n +V
half （整体）
all
the rest
1）About 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
2）Part of the books are worth reading, but the rest（of them）are of no value.
※注：all单独作主语时，All指人谓语用复数。All指物或事情谓语用单数。
1）All are eager to reach an agreement. 所有的人都急于达成协议。
2）All is going well. 一切都进展顺利。
3．定语仅能修饰单数名词型，其谓语动词用单数。
Each / Every
Either / Neither
Another + n（单数）+ V
Many a
More than one
More than one graduate wants to go to work in Western China.
不止一个毕业生要求去中国西部工作。
Many a day has passed since the boy was lost. 那个男孩失踪已有许多天。
4．就近一致型。下列连词连接两个主语时，及there be句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。
A or B 1）Either you or I am to meet them at the station.
Either A or B 不是你就是我要去车站接他们。
Neither A nor B 2）Not only the teacher but also his students object to the plan.
Not only A but also B 3）There is an air-conditioner and two computers in his office.
There be A, B and C 在他办公室有一台空调和二台电脑。
5．需记住的其他规则
Either
1）Neither of + n 作主语，谓语用单数。
Each
None of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数或复数均可。
None of + n（单数）作主语，谓语用单数。
Either of the answers is right. 两个答案中有一个是对的。
None of the cars was / were damaged. 这些车都没有受损。
None of the food has gone bad. 食物没有变质。
2）a number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用复数。
the number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数。
A large number of students are from the south. 很多学生是南方人。
The number of students in our school has gone up to 3000.
我校学生数已上升到3000人。
3）关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。
He is one of the few persons who have a good knowledge of Italian.
他是精通意大利语的少数人之一。
在以上句子中，persons是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用复数。
（比较）He is the only one of the boys who was given a prize.
他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。
当one之前有the only修饰时，one是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。
4）单个动名词，不定式或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。
两个并列的动名词，不定式或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数。
When and where to hold the meeting isn’t decided yet.（一个不定式作主语）
What I say and what I think are none of your business.
我说什么，想什么与你无关。（两个并列主语从句作主语）
5）each, any, every, no构成的复合代词都当作单数看待。
Someone is asking you on the phone. 有人在打电话找你。
注：复合代词作主语，反意疑问句的主语通常用they，也可用he。
Everyone was present at the meeting, weren’t they / wasn’t he ?
Someone has known the news, haven’t they / hasn’t he ?
6）以“s”结尾的书刊名、国名、机构名和学科名作主语，谓语用单数。
The United Nations was set up in 1942. 联合国建于1942年。
The Canterbury Tales was written by Chaucer. 《坎特伯雷故事集》是乔叟写的。
Economics is my major. 经济学是我的主修课程。
7）某些形容词或分词和定冠词the连用表示某类人作主语，谓语用复数。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
病人得到医治，失踪的也已找回来了。
8）由and连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
English and Chinese are quite different languages.
若and并列的主语在意义上指同一个人，同一概念或对立统一的事物，谓语动词用单数。
The manager and secretary is as busy as a bee all day. 那位经理兼秘书整天忙忙碌碌。（两个名词共用一个冠词，指同一个人）
War and peace is a contant theme in history. 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。（对立统一的一对事物）
9）单复数同形的名词如deer, means；集合名词如family作主语，如何决定谓语动词的单复数，请见第四章冠词。
Exercise 1 主谓一致
1．I, who your friend, will try my best to help you.
A．be B．am C．is D．are
2．The United States must look out of the rights of citizens.
A．its B．their C．ours D．us
3．So far as I know, more than one person connected with the accident.
A．is B．has C．are D．have
4．Maths as well as physics always me to much trouble.
A．causes B．puts C．cause D．put
5．Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, not able to solve the problem. A．are B．were C．is D．am
6．There one or two things that I have to mention.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
7． Either I or my accountant（会计） to blame for the loss ?
A．Is B．Are C．Am D．Does
8．So far 70% of the poor in this area out of poverty（贫困）with the help of the local government.
A．has got B．are getting C．have got D．had got
9．Collecting stamps as a hobby increasingly popular during the past ten years.
A．became B．becomes C．has become D．have become
10．Whether or not the new plan will produce any positive（积极的）results to be seen.
A．remain B．is remained C．remains D．have remained
11．Too much work and too little rest bad health.
A．lead to B．leads to C．result in D．result from
12．He is the only one of those speakers who ideas perfectly clear.
A．make their B．makes his C．express their D．express
13．Every possible means tried, but without much result.
A．has been B．have been C．are D．is
14．Ten minutes an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A．seem B．look C．seems D．looks
15．All we have seen and heard our memory.
A．is deeply impressed on B．great impress
C．are strongly impressed in D．highly impresses
1-5 BAABC 6-10 AACCC 11-15 BBACA
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则
(1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
2. 意义一致的原则
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.
(2)有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：
My family is big one.
My family are watching TV.
(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
(4)疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：
Who is your brother?
Who are League members?
(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
(6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
(7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
What she said is correct.
What she left me are a few old books.
(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The dead is a famous person.
3. 邻近一致的原则
(1)由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：
Either you or I am right.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
(2)在“There be” 句型中，谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
There are two apples and one egg in it.
(3)as well as 和名词连用时，谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。
He as well as I is responsible for it.
不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。
(4)以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
Here is a letter and some books for you.
英语语法之主谓一致解析
一.概念:
主谓一致是指：
1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，
一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相关精讲
1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：
Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的`两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。
2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。
2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。
3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。
4. 谓语需用单数的情况
1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如：
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。
2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。
Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。
5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：
All is right. 一切顺利。
考研英语语法精要 主谓一致
十一、主谓一致问题
主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。把握主谓一致问题，考生主要解决的是对不同结构的'主语单复数的认定，进而选择适当的谓语。
1.主谓一致常出现在主谓倒装结构中。如：
Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.
Although a great number of houses in that area are still in need of repair, there has been improvement in the facilities.
2.主语与谓语之间有定语从句或其他结构修饰，所以距离较远，考生易误认主语。如：
The amount of pressure which the materials are subject to affects the quality of the products.
3.关系代词做主语的定语从句中，谓语的数要与先行词一致。如：
Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood.
There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which do not bring a return in money to the community.
4.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。如：
Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.
To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far.
5.主语带有(together/along)with, such as, as well as, accompanied by, including, rather than 等附加成分, 谓语的数不受附加成分的影响。如：
The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.
6.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。
7.某些固定结构中谓语的数：
a great many + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数
many a + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数
a number of +可数名词复数 谓语用复数
the number of +可数名词复数 谓语用单数
the majority of +可数名词复数 谓语用复数
each/every +可数名词单数 谓语用单数
neither/either of +可数名词复数 谓语用单数
more than one +可数名词单数 谓语用单数
one and a half +可数名词复数 谓语用单数
the greater part of
a large proportion of
50% of
谓语的数与of后面的名词一致
one third of
plenty of
the rest of
大学网考研频道。英语语法之主谓一致总结
几个容易弄错的主谓一致问题
1.“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”作主语
谓语动词的数通常用单数(即遵循语法一致的原则)：
Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。
More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。
2. each 用于复数名词后作同位语
此时谓语动词用复数：
They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。
The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。
3. 主语后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介词
其后的动词形式取决介词前主语：
Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树木之外什么也看不见。
No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外没人知道此事。
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。
4. means作主语
名词means(方法)单数与复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定(尤其注意其前的修饰语)：
These means are very good. 这些方法很好。
Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。
若没有特定的修饰语或语境，则用单数或复数谓语均可：
There is [are] no good means. 没有好的方法。
Are [Is] there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?
初中英语学习口诀：初中英语初中英语语法学习口诀
“顺口溜”的特有韵律会使抽象、烦琐的词语和语法知识、规则化难为易，便于记忆，增强了学生的学习热情和学习信心，学生的学习成绩会直线上升，有的记忆深刻，甚至会终生难忘。
如：
1.最初的简单动词的学习。
来是come，去是go。点头yes，摇头no。再见要用goodbye，谢谢要说thank you。
2.关于Be的用法：BTH
我用am，你用 are，is用在他、她、它，凡是复数都用are。不能错来，不能差。
3.关于冠词的使用：BTH
不见原因(元音)，别施恩(n)。
4.不用冠词的部分情况：BTH
季节、月份、节假日，三餐、球类和星期。
5.以-fe结尾变复数只加s的单词：
gulf roof chief serf blief proof handkerchief
海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望，谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。
6.复习以-f (e)结尾的名词变复数：
leaf half self wife knife shelf wolf
thief
树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，
架后窜出一只狼，就像强盗逃命忙。
7.关于以o 结尾的单词变复数加es的情况：
Negro hero tomato potato
黑人英雄吃土豆和西红柿。
8.关于非延续性动词：
begin leave go borrow come return join die buy arrive
开始离去，借来还，出生入死，买到家。
9.过去时：
过去时的句子变化口诀：过去时，时过去。过去事态是否是，过去时间是标志。否定句很简单，did之后not添。疑问句也不难，did置于主语前。过去置于动词前，谓语动词需还原。
巧记动词过去时形式-ed的变化：
(1)变化规则：动词变化很好记，一般末尾加-ed。如果词尾e有个紧跟其后加个d。辅音字母加y，要y把变i，特殊变化有熟记，保你一定考第一。
(2)读音规则：
清(清辅音)读清[t]，浊读浊[d]，[t][d]后面读[id]。
10.关于基数词的书写：
基数词不难记，12以内词各异，13数到19级，teen莫丢弃。20、30到90， 尾随ty是整十，说到几使几，中有 “—”要强记，遇到整百要警惕。
11.关于基数词变序数词：
基变序，有规律，123肩靠肩。8去e，9去t， ve要用f替，辅(音)后y， y→ie，th结尾莫大意，若遇数字几十几，只变个位就可以。
12.修饰名词的大致词序排列：
(A.)美圆小旧黄，法国木书房。“美” 代表描述性的词， “圆”代表形状， “小” 代表大小， “旧” 代表新旧、年龄， “黄” 代表颜色， “法国” 代表产地 “木” 代表质地 “书” 代表名词性定语说明用途。如：
(1*.)The first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge.
第一座美丽的中国小白石桥。
(2*.)A tall intelligent young Chinese officer.
一个聪慧的个子很高的年轻的`中国军官。
(B.)或者用：
县官行令，杀国才;植树苗，大新颜。
县(限定词)官(冠词)行(形容词)令(表年龄的词)，杀国(表产地的词)才(材料);植(指示代词)树(数词)苗(描述性的词)，大(表大小的词)新(表新旧的词)颜(表颜色的词)。
如：
(1*.)A few new major urban highways.
几条新的主要城区公路。
(2*.)Some sour green eating apple.
一些酸绿的食用苹果。
13.关于被动语态的使用：
动作谁做的不知道，说出谁做没必要。
接受动作要强调，被动语态最为妙。
14.关于五种简单句：
英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。
句子中间为动词，后接语是关键。
系动词后接表语，vi独身无牵连。
vt又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见。
15.双元音也好背，合口集中八个位。
辅音共计二十八，七浊一清又八对。
四个连对也包括，有气无声清辅音。
有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。
16. 使役动词后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略“to”的特殊动词：
一些动词要掌握，一听hear,二看see watch三感觉feel， make let help[2],再加动词不带to,help是个两面派，其他动词非这块。还可以掌握“八字言”一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch 后只接动名词。
在英语中，为了避免重复，句子中的某些部分经常省略，给考生的理解增加了困难。现对省略现象总结如下:
一、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。
1. This beeper works well，but that one doesnt (work well).
这个寻呼机工作正常，但那个就不行。
2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234 units，some (of them) (weigh) 235 units，and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.所有的铀原子并非都有相同的原子量。其中有的重234，有的重235，而有的重238。
二、在when，while，if，as if，though(或although)，as，until，once，wheth er，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。
1. When (water is) pure，water is a colorless liquid.
水纯净时，是无色的液体。
2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.
我困难时总是找她帮助。
3. Errors，if any，should be corrected.
如果有什么错误，就应当改正。(if后省略了there are)
4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning.
木头燃烧时，它放出很多烟。
5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.
这封信留在这里待领。
6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.
亨利向四周环视，似乎在寻找什么。
7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.
她尽管体弱，但学习仍十分努力。
三、当见到“when (或if，where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast a s，than等)+possible/necessary等”时，可理解中间省略了it is(或was)。
1. Answer these questions，if (it is) possible without referring to the book.
如果有可能，请不看书回答这些问题。
2. When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something.
必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。
四、有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。
1. It seems (或appears) (that) Joe is out，not Jack.
外出不在的似乎是乔，不是杰克。
2. It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.
我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。
3. Its a pity (that) you cant operate a computer.
很遗憾，你不会操作计算机。
4. It is the third time (that) I have come to China.
这是我第三次来中国。
五、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom，which，that。
1. That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.
那就是我们上周议论的淘气男孩。
六、在direction(方向)，way(方式)，distance(距离)，time(时间)，times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that，which，in which。
1. The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.
我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的。
2. The distance (which或that) light travels in one second is 300，000 kilometers.
光每秒走的距离是30万公里。
七、以there be开头的句子，其主语的定语从句常可省略关联词，而there be结构作定语从句时，省略作主语的关系代词。
1. There is a chance Dr. Li will be able to be back for May Day.
李博士也许有机会能回来过五一节。
2. We have to make a list of all the books there are on the subject. 我们必须把所有关于这个题目的书列出一个单子。
八、命令句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。
1. Open the door!开门!
2. Why not?为什么不?
3. Why so?为什么这样?
4. Anybody wishing to go?谁愿意去啊?
九、用so，not或其它手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义。
1.—Can Emily do this work?
埃米莉能做这件工作吗?
—I think so.
我想她行。
—I think not (或I dont think so).
我想她不行。
2.—Did you know anything about it?
这件事你以前知道吗?
—Not until you told me.
你告诉了我，才知道。
3. He has gone. No one knowsswheres(he has gone).
他走了，谁也不知道他去什么地方了。
4. Jenny knows what (is to be done)!
詹妮有办法!
主谓一致三原则
1. 形式一致的原则
一般说来，当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时，谓语动词就用单数形式;当作主语的名词或代词是复数时，谓语动词就复数形式：
如：
(1) He likes skating in winter.
他喜欢冬天滑冰。
(2) Alice reads much.
艾利斯看了很多书。
(3) They don’t live here.
他们不住这里。
2. 意义一致的原则
英语中，有些名词或代词形式上是单数，而意义上可能是复数，这时，谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。
如：
(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match.
在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home.
我到他家时，他家的人在看电视。
(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.
我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。
3. 邻近一致的原则
英语中，有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语，此时，谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。
如：
(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room.
他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。
(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room.
他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.
要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。
(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.
是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去?
英语基本句型归纳
基本句型 一：S V (主+谓)
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S │ V (不及物动词)
1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢?
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型 二： S V P (主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好，sound nice/听起来不错，feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻
S │V(是系动词)│ P
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
There be 结构： There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 。
试比较：There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。
基本句型 三： S V O (主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等
S │V(及物动词)│ O
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案?
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He │said │“Good morning.” 他说：“早上好!”
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
基本句型 四： S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语;一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Show this house to Mr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please.
S │V(及物)│ o(多指人) │ O(多指物)
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
初中英语语法主谓语法一致原则
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则
（1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
（2）由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
（3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
（5） 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
（6）由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
（7）有两部分构成的'物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
对于上述老师为同学们带来的这些，同学们都懂了吗？如果还有不懂的可以参考例句多多学习！
主谓一致高中英语语法
一 主谓一致概念
一、主谓一致概念：
主谓一致，即谓语动词的单复数要和主语保持一致。一般来说，如果主语是单数形式，那么谓语动词要用单数;如果主语是复数形式，那么谓语动词要用复数。但是，也会出现一些特殊情况，这就是我们要总结的。
二 主谓一致类型
1. 不可数名词看成单数，因此谓语动词要用单数形式。不可数名词有很多，比如空气、水、重量、长度、金钱等等。
(1) Ten thousand dollars is quite a large sum.
(2) About 20 percent of the work was done yesterday.
第一个句子里，钱即使再多，也只是一笔数目，所以看成单数;第二个句子里，work是不可数的，这个要注意，在英语里，我们把job看成可数名词，但是work看成不可数名词，不可数名词的前提下，不论讲它的几分之几，还是百分之多少，都仍然是不可数。
2. 主语从句看成单数。
That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all.
这句话里有两个动词，一个是were，另一个是is，一个句子只能有一个动词，所以这里肯定嵌入了一个从句，我们会发现That they were wrong in these matters是个整体，充当整个句子里的主语，所以是主语从句。我们把主语从句看成单数，所以这里用的is。
3. 就前原则
就前原则，指的是动词单复数看这个词前面的名词单复数情况。as well as, with, along with, together with都遵循就前原则。具体我们来看以下例句：
(1) E-mail, as well as telephones, plays an important part in daily communication.
(2) A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.
第一句话的意思是邮件和电话在日常沟通中有重要作用。按照意思上，感觉讲的是两个东西，动词要用复数，但是as well as是就前原则，动词要看as well as前面的名词的单复数情况，这句话里as well as前面是E-mail，是单数，因此动词用单数plays。第二句话的意思是一个有着五千本书的图书馆被当作礼物赠给一个国家。这句话里有with，也是就前原则，动词单复数看with前面的名词单复数，这句话里with前面是a library，因此用单数is offered.
4. 就近原则
就近原则，和就前原则相反，指句子里动词单复数要看离动词最近的名词单复数情况。either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…都是遵循就前原则，下面我们来看些例句进行理解：
(1) Either you or I am going to the teachers' office after class.
(2) Not only Tom but also his wife is fond of watching television.
第一句话里有either…or…，因此句子里的动词要看离动词最近的名词，最近的名词是 I，因此动词要用am。第二句里有not only…but also…，因此要看离动词最近的名词，本句里是his wife，是单数，所以要用is，即使意思翻译起来是“不仅他，而且他老婆也爱看电视”。
5. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等，形式上是单数，意义是复数，谓语动词应用复数。
(1) The police are searching for a thief.
(2) The cattle are eating grass on the hill.
第一句话其实说的是警察这个队伍在搜查一个贼，但是police是单复数同形，所以看上去像单数，而实际上是复数;第二句话cattle是表示整个牛群，但是由于单复数同形，所以会看不出来，其实意思表示整个牛群在山上吃草。
三 剑桥真题例句
1. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once.(C9P23L25)
分析：钱不可数，即使它的很多也不可数，不可数我们就看成单数，因此动词用is。
2. With her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, she was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics, and was then sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.(C9P87L5)
分析：虽然she是和丈夫皮埃尔•居里以及Henri一起获得了19的诺贝尔物理学奖，但是由于有with，而with是就前原则，因此动词单复数跟着with前的名词走，这句话其实顺序有调整，改成我们习惯的句式是：she with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics.这样是不是就看出来了?
3. Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern.(C8P47L16)
分析：有些名词单复数同行，即单复数形式一样。同样的词还有people和sheep。
4. How effectively biological control can be pressed into service is proved by the following examples.(C8P94L13)
分析：这句话有两个动词，分别是be和is，一句话不能同时出现两个动词，有的话说明里面嵌入了一个从句。这句话里，从how到service整个从句在整句话中充当主语，因此是主语从句，我们把主语从句看成单数，因此用了is。
5. Not only we but also he has seen it.(由于剑桥和九分达人里没有，我们引用了《中考一本解决方案》中的句子。P89)
分析：not only…but also…遵循就近原则，即动词单复数看离它最近的主语，这里he是离动词最近的主语，所以要用单数，所以不是have seen，而是用has seen。
高考必背的英语短语
101. by chance(=accidentally， by accident)偶然
102. for a change换换环境(花样等)
103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…
104. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of …由…管
105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾)
106. charge…for 因…索取(费用) ， charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有…
107. round the clock(=all day and all night， usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地
108. comment on 评论
109. commit oneself to 使自己承担… commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱;commit one's idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来;commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论
110. in common (和…)有共同之处，共用。be common to sb. 是与某人所共有的
111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好。
112. compare…with … 把…与…比较
113. compare…to… 把…比作…
114. by comparison 比较起来
115. in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和…比起来
116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 补偿， 赔偿，弥补 compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿，弥补
117. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情;complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…;complain (抱怨);complement (补充);compliment (恭维)
118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand， order， rule etc.) 遵守， 依从
119. conceive of (think of， imagine， consider) 想象，设想
120. concentrate on (or upon) 集中，专心
121. be concerned with (=about) 与…有关
122. concern oneself about with 关心
123. in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点;at the conclusion of 当…结束时;
124. condemn sb. to 判决
125. on condition that (=if)以…为条件， 假如。in that = because因为;now that = since既然 for all that = although 尽管
126. in out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit) 健康状况好不好 . in good (bad) condition处于良好(坏)状态
127. confess(to)(=admit a fault， crime， or sth. wrong)承认， 供认;confess to a crime 承认罪行。
128. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. about one's secret) 对…讲真心话， 依赖
129. in confidence 推心置腹地;with confidence 满怀信心地;have confidence in 对…有信心
130. confidence in sb. sth. 对…的信赖
131. be confident of 有信心;confidential 机密的
132. confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内
133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定(信念等)
134. conform to (=be in agreement with， comply with) 符合，遵照，遵守;1)obey 服从;2) observe;3)comply with照…办;4)keep to遵循;5)abide by服从;6)stick to按……做
135. be confronted with(=be brought face to face with) 面对， 面临
136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺
137. in connection with(=with regard to)关于
138. be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察，知道
139. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意
140. in consequence (=as a result) 结果
141. in consequence of (=as a consequence of)由于…的结果
142. under consideration 在考虑中
143. in consideration of (=in return for， on account of， because of )由于
144. on no consideration(in no case)无论如何也不
145.take…into consideration (=take account of， take…into account)考虑到， 把 …考虑进去
146. considerate (=thoughtful of the needs) 体贴的， 考虑他人需要的， considerable相当大的，值得考虑的
147. consist of(=be composed of)由…组成的。consist in主要在于。consist with符合，与…一致
148. be consistent with(=be in agreement with)与…一致。be consistent in一贯的
149. consult sb. on about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见， 就…向…请教
150. to one's heart's content尽情地，痛痛快快
考研英语语法之主谓一致问题
主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。把握主谓一致问题，考生主要解决的是对不同结构的主语单复数的认定，进而选择适当的谓语。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：
语法一致原则
意义一致原则
就近一致原则
很多情况下应该综合利用这三个原则来处理主谓一致，在不同情况下可能应用三个原则中的不同原则，具体应用哪种原则应该视具体情况而定。总结如下：
一.谓语动词用单数的情况
1.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。如：
Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her.
(1987年考研题)
To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far.
2.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。
Two weeks was too long
Five times five makes twenty five
3.一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候，谓语用复数，但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念，谓语用单数：
law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水
a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉
the needle and thread 针线 trial and error 反复尝试，不断摸索
horse and carriage 马车 time and tide 岁月
bread and butter 奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰，潮涨潮落
如： If law and order not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.
A. is B. are C. was d. were
答案：A。
4.表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式
Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.
5.有些名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数，根据意义一致原则动词用单数
The chaos was stopped by the police
The news is a great encouragement to us
A series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend.
6.用and 连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候，动词谓语用单数形式
Bread and butter is our daily food
Time and tide waits for no man
二. 谓语用复数情况
1. 由and, both …and, 连接的并列主语，和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.
2.集体名词police, public, militia, cattle ,class ,youth后常用复数形式的动词
The Chinese people are brave and hardworking
The cattle are grazing in the sunshine
3.当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式
The Japanese were once very aggressive
4.某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数
The rich are not always selfish
5.不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的.复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数
Three million tons of coal were exported that year
三.谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况
1. 就近一致原则
这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能：
1) 由连词 either…or…; neither…nor…; whether… or…;not only…but (also) ;or 等连接的并列主语
Neither money nor fame has influence on me
Not only you but also he is wrong
2) 在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致
Blocking the open-sided porch, framed by the enveloping fog, stands a tall grave-faced policeman.
Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.
Although a great number of houses in that area are still in need of repair, there has been improvement in the facili
2. 主语带有(together/along)with, such as, accompanied by, as well as, no less than, except, besides, with, combined with, in addition to , including, together with 等等附加成分，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致
Professor Taylor , with six of his students ,is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of other nations.
The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. (1981年考研题)
3.关系代词做主语的定语从句中，谓语的数要与先行词一致。如：
Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood.
(考研题)
There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which do not bring a return in money to the community.
(1990年考研题)
4.一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语包括：a lot of /lots of; plenty of/heaps of; half of; two-third (three-fourth…) of; eighty(ten, twenty…) percent; part of; rest of ; none of 等等
Two-thirds of people present are women
Lots of damage was caused by the fire
5.集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如：army, audience, band ,government ,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. Crowd, firm, family 等等
The family is the basic unit of our society
The family were watching the TV
The audience was enormous
The audience were greatly moved at the words
6.某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数：
第一组：
a great many + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数
a number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数
the majority of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数
第二组;
the number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数
each/every + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数
neither/either of + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数
one and a half + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数
第三组;
more than one + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数 many a + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数
第四组;
the greater
【语法概说】
【主谓一致命题趋势与预测】
根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：
1、 主谓一致的语法一致原则
2、 主谓一致的整体一致原则
3、 主谓一致的就近一致原则
4、 主谓一致的意义一致原则
5、 主谓一致的附加原则
【考点诠释】
一、由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only...but also... , whether...or...等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。
【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[临沂市]
A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited
[答案]B ．[解析]本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not only．．．but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not only．．．but also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [潍坊市]
A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both
[答案]B．[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则”，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。
二、 the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。
【考例】Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (包头)
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers
C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）
The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. (2004山东烟台)
A. student, is B. the students, are C. the students, is D. students, are
[答案]: C
[命题立意]：本题考查主谓一致的用法。
[试题解析]：the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。
三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
【考例】As the saying ________,“Where there is a will; there is a way. ”[昆明市]
A. go B. goes C. going D. went
[答案]B．[解析] the saying为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用goes。
但what从句作主语而表语是复数时,谓语动词常用复数。
What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。
四、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。
【考例】 Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful. [陕西省]
A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted
[答案]C．[解析] every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念，去掉B、D项；trees and flowers表达复数意义，所以选C项。
五、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。
【考例】
---How much ________the shoes?
---Five dollars_________ enough． [年青岛市]
A．is；is B are；is C．are；are D．is；are
[答案]B ．[解析] 答案为B。shoes作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式；five dollars是一个整体，应按单数对待。
How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (2004天津)
A. have B. has C. is D. are
答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
六、就近原则
--There__________ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?
--All right, Mum. [福州市]
A. is B. are C. was D. were
[答案]A．[解析]本题考查“there be”句型中be的数及时态，be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词，所以be应使用单数形式，B、D两项可以排除。
Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[07临沂市]
A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited
[答案]B ．[解析]本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not only．．．but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not only．．．but also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年潍坊市]
A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both
[答案]B．[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则”，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。
【语法回顾】
主谓一致
1. 语法一致的原则
2. 意义一致的原则
3. 邻近一致的原则
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
在英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理，即：语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近（或毗邻）一致的原则。
一、语法形式一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：
Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.在过去的几年中，这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。
What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
[注意：]由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如：
What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例如：
Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。
He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我在上大学时是同学。
Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.约翰和安都有笔友。
Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports.周兰和杨蓓都爱好体育。
[注意]1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如：
The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。
The manager and the secretary are busy now.经理和书记现在都很忙。
Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。
2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家里，每个男孩和女孩都有权利受教育。
Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。
Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。
More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。
[注意] 在“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，若在There be句型中，亦可用复数。 如：
There is/are more than one man here. 这儿不止一个人。
3、如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，along with in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。例如：
An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。
Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。
No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和汤姆那样她很高。
4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：
Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。
Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。
Nothing is to be done 没有什么要干的事。
Everybody obeys the school rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.每个人必须遵守学校规则，任何人违反了规则将受到惩罚。
2）若后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如：
None of the sugar was left.没有剩下什么糖了。
None of us has (have) been to America.我们中没有人去过美国。
5.不定代词none 以及由”none/either/neither＋of＋复数合词(或代词)“构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.......”或“两个中的任何一个都不.......”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.......”或“两个中的全部都不.......”时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
None know when that was. (强调所有的人) 没人知道这是什么时候的事。
None is so good as he.(强调每一个人) 没有人像他那么好。
None of them have / has a car.他们都没有小汽车。（他们没有一个人有小汽车。）
Neither of them know / knows the answer.他们两个全都不知道答案。（他们两个人谁也不知道答案。）
Neither of the article is (are ) interesting.其中没有哪篇文章有趣。
Neither of them have replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
Neither of them has replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
5、在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：
It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.那声音听起来就像有一列火车从我的房子底下开过似的。
People who study the think that there will be another big one soon.研究地震的人认为不久将还有一次大的地震。
The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.拴在树上的那匹马是约翰的。
Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.被人类使用的一些能源来自太阳。
[注意]在以“one of the＋复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果“one of the＋复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时，其从句的谓语动词用单数。 例如：
This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students.这是学生提出的许多问题的一个。
Bob is one of my friends who are helping me with English.鲍勃是帮助我英语的朋友之一。
He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here. 他是办公室唯一收到邀请参加舞会的人。
The head master is the only one of the teachers who knows Esperanton.校长是老师中唯一懂得世界语的人。
6、“a lot of （lots of， plenty of， a head of， heaps of， the rest（majority） of ，some
（many，anymore，most， all等）of＋+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：
Some of us do not know much about the theatre.我们中有一些人还不太懂得戏剧。
Some (of the sugar) is wet. 有些(糖)是湿的。
Most of the students in our class are league. 我们班上大多数学生是团员。
Most of the food tastes delicious. 大多数食物味道很好。
Half of the work is left unfinished.一半的工作没有完成。
Half of the apples are given to the children.一半的苹果送给孩子们。
Lots of damage was caused by smoking.许多损害是由吸烟引起的。
Plenty of English books are on the shelf.许多英语书在书架上。
注意：1）all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用单数。 如：
All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人)
All is well. 一切都好。 (表示整个事情或情况)
2）“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
A large number of buildings were burnt down.许多楼房被毁了。
A number of students in our class are out by the lake.我们班有些学生到湖边去了。
The number of students in our school is 2500.我们学校的学生人数是2500名。
The number of books on women published in China is growing.在中国，有关妇女书籍出版数目在增加。
The number of wagging dances per minute told the exact distance to the feeding place.每分钟摆尾的次数表明了到喂食处的精确距离。
7、由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：
Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。
Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。
More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.我们地球的70%的表面被水所覆盖。
30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我们班的30%是女生。
8、 如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of ，a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：
This kind of men is dangerous.这种人是危险的。
Is this kind of car made in Shanghai ?这种汽车是上海制造的吗？
There is a kind of rose in his garden.他的花园里有玫瑰花。
This kind of apple/apples is rather expensive. 这种苹果相当贵。
That kind of snake/snakes is dangerous. 那种蛇很危险。
[注意]但”there/those kinds of＋复数名词“作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 如：
There kinds of tests are good . 这种测试很好。
Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up. 那种苹果树还没有长。
如果种类不是一种而是多种，谓语动词应为复数。例如 ：
There are many kinds of pears.有很多种梨子。
二、逻辑意义一致原则，即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况：
1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people, police, cattle 等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。如：
Cattle are one cause of the problem.造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。
The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。
2、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。如：
Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school. 在打篮球方面，我们班胜过我们学校的任何一个班。
Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow. 我们班同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。
Our family is not poor any more. 我们家已经不再贫困了。
My family all speak the Intuit language.我一家人都讲因努伊特语。
[注意]population 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Most of the population of the city are workers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。
One third of the population now smoke.三分之一的人口在吸烟。
The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers.我们国家人口众多，而80%的人口是农民。
3、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses, trousers（裤子）, shoes ，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（货物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks, compasses（圆规） ，但如果这些名词前有a pair of，等量词修饰时，（clothes被修饰a suit of），谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：
Your trousers need washing. 你的裤子该洗了。
My glasses are new. 我的眼镜是新的。
A pair of compass is an instrument for drawing circles.圆规是画圆的工具。
A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。
Two pairs of socks are enough for me. 对我来说，两双袜子就足够了。
4、由“pair, piece of +名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair, piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。例如：
There is a pair of shoes left.只剩下一双鞋。
The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple.所有的石块被运到新建寺庙的地方。
5、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。 如：
Twenty years is a long time to us. 对于我们来说，是一段很长的时间。
One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 一千英镑是很大一笔钱。
6.某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语，谓语用单数。 如：
Zhangjiajie is really a good place which is famous for its beautiful mountains.张家界的确是个好地方，它是以美丽的山而闻名的
Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. 我想，物理是一门难学的目。
The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲。
News is travelling fast nowadays. 如今新闻播得很快。
The American film True Lies was directed by a world-famous director.美国影片《真实的谎言》是由一位世界著名的导演导演的。
7、如果主语由“the+形容词（分词）”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The old is taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。
The sick is one of the students in our class. 那位病人是我们班的一个学生。
The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
8、名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如：
The baker's is on the side of the street.理发馆在街道的另一边。
My uncle's is not very far from here.我叔叔的家离这儿不太远。
9、数词作主语时，谓语用单数，但有四则运算中，谓语单、复数均可。如：
Ten is a round number. 十是个整数。
Ten times five is / are fifty. 十乘五等于五十。
Three hundred and forty plus six hundred and sixty is / are one thousand.340 加660等于1000。
10.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于它产本身的含义。如：
Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语?
Who have gone there? 谁都已经去那儿了?
Which is your room? 哪一间是你的房子?
Which are your rooms? 哪几间是你的房子?
11、表示数量的短语“one and a half＋名词复数”及“a＋单数名词＋and＋a half”作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
One and a half oranges has been left on the table. 桌子上只剩下一个半桔了。
A month and a half has passed. 一个半月时间过去了。
12.某些单数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；反之谓语动词则用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep，deer， fish，means（方法、手段）species （种类） -ance及以-ese/-ss结尾的表示民族的名词等)。例如：
One day this white sheep was lost. 有一天，这只白色的绵羊丢了。
There are many fish in the Jia Ling River. 嘉陵江时有很多鱼。
A Japanese is coming to visit our school tomorrow.明天有个日本人要来参观我们学校。
We Chinese are realizing the four modernizations. 我们中国人正在实现四个现代化。
三、就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。例如：
1、当or，either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...，not...but....，whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。例如：
Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper. 不是该你，就是该莉莉在晚饭后打扫卫生。
Not only the mother but also the children were there.不但母亲在那里，而且孩子们也在那里。
2、在倒装句中如一个句子由there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。例如：
Where is your mother and younger sisters? 你的母亲和妹妹们在哪儿？
There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌，一张桌子和三把椅子.
【语法过关】
1．How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
2．Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
3．Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.
A. nor I am B. nor I are C. or me are D. or me is
4．Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
5．The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty.
A. student, is B. the students, are C. the students, is D. students, are
6．The number of the students in our class _____ 54.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
7．Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another．
A．is B．are C．am D．be
8．A library with five thousand books ____to the nation as a gift.
A．is offered B．has offered C．are offered D．have offered
9．When and where to build the new factory _________yet．
A．is not decided B．are not decided C．has not decided D．have not decided
10．The number of people invited __fifty， but a number of them ______absent for different reasons．
A．were，was B．was, was C．was，were D．were．were
11．Between the two buildings __________a monument．
A．is standing B．standing C．stands D．stand
12．Many a student ___that mistake before.
A．had made B．has been made C．have made D． has made
13．None of the money ____his．
A．is B．are C．belongs D．were
14．About three-fifths of the work ________done yesterday．
A．had B．was C．were D．have
15． Neither your sister nor mine _______the good news．Let's tell them．
A．know B knows C．knew
【参考答案】
1．B．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
2．D．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only…but also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的
主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。
3．A．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。
4．A．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）
5．C．[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。
6．A．[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选A。7．B。“不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着一个的考试。”not only…需用到就近原则，but also之后又是两个人，是复数。故选B。
8．A．[解析] “一座藏书量是5000册的图书馆作为礼物送给了那个国家。”要找出这句话的主说是a library还是books，根据主谓一致原则with后面的短语是修饰、补充主语的情况的，故主语应是a library，又因为此题是被动语态，因此选择A。
9．A．[解析] “还未决定何时何地建设新工厂。”“两个并列连词+主语+谓语”作主语看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数，根据题意又应用被动语态，故选A。
10．C．[解析] “邀请人的数目是50人，但是许多人由于各种原因都缺席了。”“the number of+复数名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数；“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语，谓语动词用复数。
11．C．[解析] “一座纪念碑耸立在两楼之间。”倒装句的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。
12．D．[解析] “许多学生以前就犯过这种错误。”“many a”虽然表达复数概念，意为“许多”，但当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
13．A．[解析] “钱都不属于他。”none作主语，谓语动词单复数都可，但这里的money为不可数名词，因此用单数形式为好，而belong to才是“属于”的意思，所以选A。
14．B．[解析] “昨天做了大约3／5的工作。”主语含有分数，百分比等等，谓语动词要根据其后面的名词而定，是不可数名词和单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数，是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
15．B．[解析]句中的主语是your sister和mine，由并列连词neither…nor连在一起，所以谓语动词要与后一个主语mine相一致，这里mine指my sister。
例如：
一般现在时：
I am a college teacher. 我是一个大学老师。
We are college teachers. 我们是大学老师。
You are a boss. 你是一个老板。
You are bosses. 你们是老板。(上一句的you是指你，这一句的you指的是你们)
He is a worker. 他是一个工人。
She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的妹子。
They are football players. 他们是足球运动员。
Can you see mydog? It is a big dog. 你有没有看见我的狗啊?它是一只大狗。
一般过去时：
I was a college teacher two years ago. 两年前我是一个大学老师。(现在不是大学老师了。)
She was my wife. 他曾经是我的妻子。(可能是去世了，可能是他的前妻，这个要根据上下文推断。)
其他，以此类推。
英语句子：
To qualify for therefund, married couples must mention the relationship guarantee upon booking,stay in the same room, divorce within a year and provide court papers showingproof of divorce.
词汇：
qualify(使)具有资格
mention 提到，说起
relationship关系
guarantee保证
divorce离婚
proof证明
主句：
married couples must mention the relationship guarantee and providecourt papers.
参考译文：
为了获得退款的资格，结婚的夫妇必须提到关系保证，基于预订、在同一个房间睡觉、在一年以内离婚，并且以提供法院文件的形式表明离婚的事实。
作者|丹丹英语
公众号： 读外刊学英语（ID：dwkxyy）
高中英语语法专题主谓一致
一. 就近原则：在 not only…but also, not…but , neither…nor , either…or , there be… 句型中，谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。
例： 1.Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project.
2.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager.
二. 集合名词做主语，指成员时，谓语用复数;指团体，组织时，谓语用单数：如：class , team, group, family, audience(听众), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会) 等。
例： 1.The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment .
2.The team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games .
三. 当两个名词用 with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例： 1.Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week.
2.The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母)
四. 当 each, neither, either 以及由 every, any, no, some 与 one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例： 1.Each of the girls is fond of pop music in her class.
2.Someone is expecting you at the school gate .
但 none 做主语时谓语用单复数都行。
例： None of them are / is interested in local music.
另外：当 every, each, no 做定语时，即使用and 连接两个主语，谓语也用单数。
例： 1.Each student is preparing for the final examination now.
2.Every boy and every girl is proud of the result of the experiment.
3.No teacher and no student is admitted to enter the place .
4.They each have an English dictionary .(此句中each 做同位语，谓语由主语they确定)
五.当主语表示时间，重量，距离，价格时，谓语动词用单数。
例： 1.Five hundred dollars is quite enough for the return voyage (返航)。
2.Seven kilometers was covered in two hours .
但算式做主语时，谓语用单数，复数都可以。
例： 1.Four times five is / are twenty. ( Four times five make /makes twenty .)
六. 当主语是一个从句，不定式或动名词时，谓语一般用单数。但由 and 连接两个不定式或动名词时，动词则用复数，表示不同的两件事。
例： 1.whether he succeeds or fails doesn't concern me . (他成功或失败与我无关)
2.Swimming in the Yangtze River needs great courage.
3.To say something is one thing, to do it is another.
4.To play basketball and to go swimming are of great use for character-training.
另外：当 what, all (that) 或such 引导的句子做主语时，谓语用单数或复数应看后面的表语来确定.
例： 1.What he wants is some advice on how to learn English, while what he looks forward to are some English dictionaries.
2.All that they ask for are vegetables, fruits , quilts and clothes .
3.Such are the things I often do in a day.
4.Such is my best friend Mary.
七. 当一个复数名词用做书名，人名，学科名或报刊名时，谓语用单数。
例： 1.Guiliver's Travels is a novel written by Jonathan Swift .( 格列佛游记 )
2.The Times is a very helpful newspaper for our studies . (泰晤士报)
八. 定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当主语时，从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。
例： 1.She is the only one of the students who has passed the examination.
2.They told us something about the houses which were built in the 1540's / 1540s.
九. 在强调句中，强调主语时，后面的动词还是由被强调的主语来确定。
例： 1.I am in the search for my missing gold ring .
其强调句为： It is I who am in the search for my missing gold ring .
十.几种较为特殊的主语与谓语的一致。
A. 当and 与 both…and …连接两个主语时，一般用复数的谓语。但如果由and并列的两个主语是指同一人时，此时后面一个主语没有冠词，其谓语用单数，表示一 个人具有双重身份。若后一个名词前有冠词，则表示两个人，谓语则用复数。
例： 1.The teacher and writer is giving the boys a very wonderful lecture .
2.The teacher and the singer are talking in the hall.
B. ” the +形容词 / 分词 “做主语表一类人时，谓语一般用复数;但 the rest 要看它代表的东西来确定。
例： 1.The wounded are being done first aid beside the road now .
2..She has taken some of the vegetables. The rest are still on the table .
3.He has eaten up some of the cheese . The rest has gone bad .
4.The rest of the story was wonderfully moving and I was moved to tears
C. many 修饰主语时，谓语用复数。但 ”many a… , more than one +单数名词“(意为”不只一个“)，虽说具有复数意义，但谓语仍用单数。
例： 1.Many students have made that mistake before .
2.Many a student has made that mistake before .
3.More than one student has made that mistake before .
D. 当trousers, shoes, glasses, clothes, socks, gloves等由两个部分构成的物品做主语时， 谓语一般用复数。但若与 a pair of, a kind of 等连用时，谓语用单数。
例： 1.His trousers are torn into pieces in the bike accident .
2.This pair of trousers belongs to my sister . Mine are being washed .
主谓一致专练
1.----_______ either he or I proud of the job ?
-----Neither he nor you __________.
A. Am, are B. Is, are C. Are, are D. Am, is
2. A knife and fork ______ lying on the floor .
A. was seen B. were seen C. see D. sees
3.The factory, including its equipments and buildings ,____burnt last night .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
4 .I, who _____ your close friend, will share your joys and sorrows ( 悲伤).
A. was B. are C. is D. am
5. Over 70 percent of the population in this province _______ farmers .
A. is B. are C. has D. have
6. Some person ______asking for you at the entrance to the cinema .
A. will be B. is being C. is D. are
7.The rest of the novel _______ very wonderful and instructive .
A. were B. are C. is D. seem
8.Every means ______ tried, but there is no absolute result yet.
A. have been B. has been C. will be D. were
9.What I want ______ an interesting book while what he expects _____ two cups of coffee .
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
10.A teacher, together with four students, ______ sent to help with this research the next week .
A. was B. has C. were D. are
11.He lost one of the books which ______borrowed from the library yesterday.
A. were B. was C. had D. have
12.Jack,as well as his relatives and friends, ________a party at home now.
A. are having B. is have C. is holding D. are holding
13.The 26th Olympic Games ______ held successfully .
A. is B. will be C. are D. were
14.All but the one that asked for leave yesterday ______ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
15.On each side of the road ________ a lot of tall trees .
A. stands B. is standing C. grow D. is growing
16.Three hours with your old friends________ to be a short time .
A. seem B. seems C. is seeming D. has seemed
17.When and where to build the new first aid center _______ yet.
A. hasn't been decided B. doesn't decided
C. haven't been decided D. aren't decided
18.The United Nations _________ in 1959 .
A. were found B. were founded C. was found D. was founded
19.Each teacher and each scientist _______ invited to take part in the conference.
A. are B. was C. has D. were
20.One and a half apples _______ left on the table .
A. are B. is C. has D. have
(参考答案：BACDB CCBAA ACDDC BADBA/B )
高考英语必背的短语
51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起。
52. arrange for sb.sth. to do sth. 安排…做…
53. arrive on 到达;arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出，作出;arrive in 到达某地(大地方);
54. be ashamed of (=feel shame， guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以… 为羞耻
55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证， 使…确信。
56. attach(to) (=to fix， fasten;join) 缚， 系 ，结
57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…
58. attend to (=give one's attention， care and thought)注意，照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon， serve， look after) 侍候，照料
59. attitude to toward …对…的态度。看法
60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把……归因于……， 认为……是……的结果
61. on the average (=on average， on an average)平均
62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of ， having knowledge or consciousness)意识到，知道。
63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面
64. in the back of 在…后部(里面);on the back of 在…后部(外面);be on one's back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起。
65. at one's back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持，维护;have sb. at one 's back 有…支持， 有…作后台
66. turn one's back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人)，背弃，抛弃
67. behind one's back 背着某人(说坏话)
68. be based on upon 基于
69. on the basis of 根据…， 在…基础上
70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢
71. begin with 以…开始。to begin with (=first of all) 首先， 第一(经常用于开始语)
72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义
73. believe in(=have faith or trust in;consider sth.sb. to be true) 相信，依赖，信仰。
74. benefit (from) 受益，得到好处。
75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)
76. for the better 好转
77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败， 胜过。
78. by birth 在出生上，论出身，按血统 at birth 在出生时;give birth to 出生
79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上
80. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作)
81. on board 到船上， 在船上， 上火车或飞机
82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘
83. out of breath 喘不过气来
84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之
85. in bulk 成批地，不散装的
86. take the floor 起立发言
87. on business 出差办事。
88. be busy with sth.于某事 . be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
89. last but one 倒数第二。
90. but for (=without) 要不是。表示假设
91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买
92. be capable of 能够， 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词是能够被…的
93. in any case(=for love or money， at any rate， at any price， at any cost ， whatever happens;anyhow)无论如何
94. in case (=for fear that) 万一;
95. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一 in the case of 至于…， 就…而言
96. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)
97. be cautious of 谨防
98. center one's attention on(=focus one's attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上
99. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握， 一定。
100. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地，有把握地
考研英语语法重难点精解 主谓一致
“many+单数名词”等结构的主谓一致
主语为many a/more than one/every/each+单数名词或one of/every one of/either of/neither of/each of+复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句： Caught in the web of its own time and place， each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. (选自Part IV)
分析： 该句是复合句，主干部分是each generation of historians determines anew...，what is significant for it in the past是determines的宾语从句，过去分词caught in the web of...作主语补足语。
译文： 每一代史学家在重新确定那些对他们具有重大意义的史实时，都会受到自身时空的局限。
例句： Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. （选自Part B）
分析： 该句是复合句，which lies...是修饰subfield or specialization的定语从句。
译文： 每一门社会学科目都有一个分支或专业特别接近人类学。
“each+单数名词”等结构的主谓一致
在each/every+单数名词+and+ each/every+单数名词这一结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句： Every boy and every girl has a right to be educated in our country， whether his/her family is rich or poor.
分析： 该句是并列句，whether his family is rich or poor这一分句表示让步。
译文： 在我国，无论男孩女孩都有权利接受教育，不管家庭贫穷与否。
“a lot of+不可数名词（复数名词）”等结构的主谓一致
a lot of/lots of/heaps of/a load of/loads of/the rest/the last/half of/part of/enough of/a great （good) deal of+ 不可数名词 + 单数谓语动词
复数名词 + 复数谓语动词
例句： A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so?called digital divide―the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor.
（选自Text 2）
分析： 该句是简单句，破折号后内容是对其前内容的进一步解释说明。
译文： 今天，人们十分关注所谓的信息差异问题――也就是把世界上的国家分成信息资源丰富国和信息资源贫乏国。
and或both...and并列结构
该结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但由and连接的两名词指同一人或同一物体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句： The weeds and tall grass in that yard make the house look as if it had been vacant for quite some time.
分析： 该句是复合句，其中as if后引导的方式状语从句作look的宾语。
译文： 院子里的杂草和长得很高的青草使这房子看起来好像相当长一段时间没住过人似的。
例句： The capacity and efficiency with which your body can perform depends on the degree of development of both your muscular and organic power through regular exercise.
分析： 该句是复合句，主干部分为the capacity and efficiency depends on the degree of development， with which your body can perform是修饰the capacity and efficiency的定语从句，介词短语of both your muscular and...修饰development。
译文： 你的身体所能表现出来的能力和效能取决于你的肌肉和有机能量通过日常锻炼而达到的程度。
数词与表示时间、金钱、度量衡、温度等名词
这类名词作主语表示一定量或总量时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句： Two years seems a long time for a patient who has to lie in bed， and do nothing.
分析： 该句是复合句， who has to lie in bed， and do nothing是修饰a patient的定语从句。
译文： 对于一个不得不躺在床上并且无事可做的病人来说，两年时间的确很漫长。
例句： Sixty kilograms is a heavy weight for her， so she will try her best to make regular exercises for losing the weight.
分析： 该句是并列句。
译文： 60公斤对她来说的确是太重了，于是她将尽最大努力通过日常锻炼来减肥。
分数或百分比+ of+单数名词+单数动词
复数名词+复数动词
例句： By the third generation， one third of Hispanic women are married to non?Hispanics， and 41 percent of Asian?American women are married to non?Asians.
（选自Text 1）
分析： 该句是由and连接的`并列句。
译文： 到了第三代，讲西班牙语的移民中，有1/3的妇女嫁给了不讲西班牙语的美国人。41%的亚洲移民妇女嫁给了不是来自亚洲的美国人。
例句： But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant， instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.
（选自Text 2）
分析： 该句是复合句，主干部分是the human mind can glimpse...and disregard the 98 percent，分词短语focusing on在句中作伴随状语。
译文： 但是人类的头脑能在一瞥之下发现一个迅速改变的场景，随即忽略抛弃其中98%的无关信息，瞬间定位在蜿蜒的林间小路旁的那只猴子或人群中那张可疑的面孔上。
例句： More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California， predominately in San Francisco．
分析： 该句是简单句。
译文： 在美国，1/3的华人居住在加利福尼亚州，主要集中在旧金山市。
大学网考研频道。主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。
主谓一致主要有三大原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近原则。
一、名词作主语
1、集体名词
考例： A group of ___ are eating ___ and ___ at the foot of the hill. (NMET’95) A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps; grasses; leaves C. sheep; grass; leaf D. sheeps; grass; leafs
e.g. His family is going to have a long journey.
The whole family are watching TV.
注意：集体名词为 people, police, cattle，谓语动词用复数形式
e.g. The police are searching for the thief.
由集体名词，如family, team, class, crew, company等作主语时， 如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用 单数形式,如果看成其中各成员， 则用复数形式 。
2、成双成对
考例：All the ___ are made of ___ , not plastics. (MET’93)
A. glass; glass B. glasses; glass C. glass; glasses D. glasses; glasses
成双成对构成的东西，如glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但与pair一起构成作主语时，谓语动词的形式与的数一致.
e.g. This is pair of glasses is his.
1)作度量，距离，金额，篇名等用的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. The Emperor’s Clothes was written by Hans Christian Anderson.
2）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词，即使用 and或逗号连接作主语，或主语为more than one, many a + n.谓语动词用单数
Every boy and every girl has a book in their bags.
Many a teacher has been there.
More than one child has read the book.
二、由and连接的名词或带有后置定语的名词作主语
1.[考例]：
When and where to build the new factory ___ yet. (NET’91)
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
解析：当and连接的两个词表同一概念，或同一人（物）时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2.[考例]:
1) A library with five thousand books ___ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
2) E-mail, as well as telephones, ___ an important part in daily communication. (上海’90) A. is playingB. have played C. are playing D. play
3) Nobody but Jane ___ the secret. (MET’86)
A. know B. knows C. have knownD. is known
当主语前有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, besides, in addition to等引起的短语作后置定语时,谓语动词的形式视主语的单复数而定.
三、名词化的形容词作主语
e.g. The rich are to help the poor.
The wounded was a young boy.
以定冠词the + adj.（或过去分词）结构作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式，如the brave, the poor, the blind, the sick, the unemployed等，但有少数过去分词与定冠词连用时指个体，用单数形式。
二、代词作主语
1.[考例]--- Each of the students , working hard at his or her lessons, ___ to go to university.
--- So do I. (上海’98)
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
当either (each, one)+ of+复数名词,或some, any, no, every和body, one或thing构成复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式. none, neither作主语时,谓语动词单复数都可.
2.考例：
She is one of the few girls who ___in the kindergarten. (上海‘94)
A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语 动词的形式与句中先行词应保持一致。
e.g. Those who want to go please sign your name here. This is the photo, which shows my house.
[注意]在“one of+复数名词+关系代词” 的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用复 数形式；但是若前有the only, the every将其限定为只有一个时， 谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. Tom is one of the students who are good at playing football.
Tom is the only one of the students who is good at playing football.
三、分词、量词作主语
考例：
___ of the land in that district___ covered with trees and grass.(上海)
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; isD. Two fifths; are
由分数或百分数或或a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, half of, the rest of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式与of 后面的名词的数一致
e.g. Lots of damage was caused by fire.
Some students are planting trees. The rest of them are watering them.
六、从句作主语
1) What we need is more time and more materials.
2) What we need are teachers.
单个从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数，多个从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数，由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词用单数，但所指的具体内容为复数意义，则一般用复数形式。
主谓一致
（一）主谓一致的种类
1．语法形式上的一致
主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：
The number of the students present is 200.
Jane and Mary look alike.
2．意义上一致
1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting.
单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。
2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising.
形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。
3．就近原则
即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：
Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.
（二）主谓一致的应用
1．名词作主语
1）某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
His family is a happy one.
The whole family are watching TV.
这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。
名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd) of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。
2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：
The police are searching for the thief.
3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：
A sheep is over there.
Some sheep are over there.
4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：
The doctor’s is across the street.
My uncle’s is not far from here.
常见的省略名词有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。
表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：
Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.
5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：
Three years has passed since then.
6）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.
7）如果主语有more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：
More than one student has read the book.
Many a girl has been there.
但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：
More members than one are against your plan.
8）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
A pair of shoes was on the desk.
9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
This kind of men is dangerous.
Men of this kind are dangerous.
10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：
The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)
The（These）glass works are near the railway station. （这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）
当它们前面有a, such a , this, that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means, no means, the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。
11）如果名词词组中心词是all，most, half, rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：
All of my classmates like music.
All of the water is gone.
12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：
Between the two windows hangs a picture.
2．由连接词连接的名词作主语
1） 用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：
Plastics and rubber never rot.
Walking and riding are good exercises.
但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：
Truth and honesty is the best policy.
The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.
To love and to be loved is great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
A knife and fork is on the table.
2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数而定。如：
The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.
3）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：
Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.
Either you or he is to go.
3．代词作主语
1）名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：
Ours (Our Party) is a great party.
Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes) are brown.
2）such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如：
Such is our plan. Such are his words.
3）关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：
Those who want to go please put up your hands.
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.
4）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：
Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu.
Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.
What produce(s) heat ?
5）不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：
单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数或复数形式，例如：
Now all has been changed. All are present.
either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。
但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：
Do(es) any of you know his address ?
None of them has(have)seen the film.
*应注意的问题
(1) 当句子的主语是one, 并要在句子中多次出现时，一般用第三人称单数代词来代替后面将出现的one
或one’s;当one在句子中泛指人时，在反意疑问句中也可用you来代替。例如：
1) One should never blame his friends when he friends when he finds himself in trouble.
2) One can’t be too careful, can you (one)?
4．分数、量词作主语
1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：
Lots of damage was caused by fire.
About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women.
和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”，但是，“the number of +名词”的中心词却是number, 试比较：
A number of students have gone home.
The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 注意：(large)quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：
Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.
短语in quantity, in large quantities意为“大量”；in small quantities意为“少量”。
2）a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：
A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
3）表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
4）half of, (a) part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。
5．名词化的形容词作主语
如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：
The blind study in special schools.
The departed was a well-known engineer.
这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man, person或表示人的单数连和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier
6．从句作主语
1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：
What we need is more time.
What we need are doctors.
2）在“one of+复数名词++who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如：
This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.
但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：
She was the only one of the girls who was late.
主谓一致练习
1. Each of you ______ responsible for the accident.
a. am b. be c. is d. are
2. Each man and woman ______ the same rights.
a. has b. have c. had d. is having
3. Every means ______ tried but without much result.
a. has been b. have been c. are d. is
4. There ______ in this room.
a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures
c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture
5. The manager or his assistant ______ planning to go.
a. were b. are c. was d. be
6. Not only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of playing basketball.
a. am b. is c. are d. was
7. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home.
a. is b. are c. has d. was
8. Either the dean or the principal ______ the meeting.
a. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended
9. ______ was wrong.
a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher
c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher
10. “______ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”
“I suppose so.”
a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were
11. Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.
a. are b. has c. is d. were
12. Most of his savings ______ in the Xin Hua Bank.
a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept
13. All that can be done ______.
a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done
14. One or perhaps more pages _______.
a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing
15. More than one worker ______ dismissed.
a. have been b. are c. has been d. has
16. Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language.
a. have realized b. has realize c. have been realized d. has been realized
17. The gas works ______ near the city.
a. is b. are c. were d. be
18. The surroundings of his house ______ clean now.
a. is b. are c. was d. were
19. The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours.
a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing
20. The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.
a. is b. was c. are d. has been
21. Cattle ______ on the hillside.
a. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing
22. Her politics ______ neither conservative nor liberal.
a. is b. are c. was d. has been
23. Measles ______ a kind of infectious illness.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
24. The Philippines ______ to the south-east of China.
a. lies b. lie c. lay d. lays
25. Mary is one of the girls who ______ always on time.
a. is b. am c. are d. was
26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted.
a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going
27. What caused the accident ______ on the road.
a. were stone b. were stones c. was stone d. was stones
28. Wisky and soda ______ his favorite drink.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
29. ______ is to attend our evening.
a. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancers
c. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer
30. The Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came.
a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having
31. No one except two students ______ the meeting.
a. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later for
32. All but him and me ______ to the exhibition.
a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going
33. Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job.
a. are b. were c. is d. was
34. The president, accompanied by his assistants, ______.
a. have arrived b. are arriving c. had arrived d. has arrived
35. A number of cars ______ in front of the park
a. is parked b. was parked c. are parked d. has parked
36. the number of articles published on smoking ______ amazing.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
37. The majority of doctors ______ smoking is harmful to health.
a. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believe
38. The majority of the damage ______ easy to repair.
a. is b. are c. were d. be
39. Four-fifths of the crop ______.
a. are ruined b. was ruined c. were ruined d. have been ruined
40. Three-fourths of the buildings ______.
a. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed
41. Early to bed and early to rise ______ a man healthy, happy and wise.
a. making b. to make c. make d. makes
42. Mathematics ______ the language of science.
a. is b. has been c. are d. have been
43. The young ______ the vital forces in our society.
a. is b. has been c. are d. have been
44. Every man, woman and child ______ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.
a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known
45. None of them ______ my friends.
a. is b. are c. was d. has been
46. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society ______ to alter its attitude to racial problems.
a. need b. needs c. has a need d. have a need
47. Getting to other planets or to the moon _____ many problems.
a. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve
48. In that country, the rich ______ richer, the poor, poorer.
a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming
49. The project requires more labor than ______ because it is extremely difficult.
a. has been put in b. have been put in c. being put in d. to be put in
50. Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease ______ likely to develop it.
a. should be b. must be c. is d. are
主谓一致练习答案
1 C 11 C 21 D 31 C 41 D
2 A 12 D 22 B 32 C 42 D
3 A 13 B 23 A 33 C 43 C
4 D 14 C 24 A 34 D 44 A
5 C 15 C 25 C 35 C 45 B
6 C 16 B 26 A 36 A 46 B
7 B 17 A 27 D 37 D 47 B
8 A 18 B 28 A 38 A 48 A
9 D 19 D 29 D 39 B 49 A
10 B 20 C 30 D 40 C 50 C
主谓一致练习
1.E-mail, as well as telephones, ________an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
2. He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
3. She is one of the few girls who ________ in the kindergarten.
A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well
4. Nobody but Jane________ the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
5. All but one________ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
6. A library with five thousand books________ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
7. Either you or the headmaster________ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out
8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
9.The number of people invited______ fifty, but a number of them______ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
10.-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ________ to go to university.
-So do I.
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
11.________of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
12.Every possible means ________ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used
13.. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday________ yet.
A. are not decided B.have not been decided C.is not being decided D.has not been decided
14. When and where to build the new factory ________yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
反意疑问句练习
1. You'd rather watch TV this evening, ______?
a. isn't it b. hadn't you c. wouldn't you d. won't you
2. I suppose you're not going today, ______?
a. are you b. do you c. don't you d. aren't you
3. I wish to shake hands with you, ______?
a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I
4. Three hours ought to be enough time, ______?
a. oughtn't three hours b. didn't they c. shouldn't it d. shouldn't three hours
5. They have to study a lot, ______?
a. don't they b. haven't they c. did they d. hadn't they
6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, ______ ?
a. didn't he b. did he c. did it d. didn't it
7. I'm sure dirty, ______?
a. am I b. isn't I c. aren't I d. am not I
8. You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I don't think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, ______ you?
a. do b. did c. don't d. didn't
9. That's the sort of the book you want, ______?
a. is it d. isn't that c. is that d. isn't it
10. All these dictionaries are a great help to you, ______?
a. are they b. aren't they c. are all these dictionaries d. aren't all these dictionaries
11. The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting, ______?
a. wasn't it b. was it c. didn't we d. weren't we
12. Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now, _____?
a. hasn't he b. has he c. shouldn't he d. didn't you
13. David told me that you would take a trip to America, ______?
a. would you b. wouldn't you c. did you d. didn't you
14. There appeared to be no better way, _______?
a. was there b. were there c. did there d. didn't there
15. You had some trouble finding where I live, ______?
a. didn't you b. hadn't you c. do I d. don't I
16. He has his hair cut every month, ______?
a. has he b. hasn't he c. does he d. doesn't he
17. Your friend needs to come earlier, ______?
a. does he b. doesn't he c. need he d. needn't he
18. The little boy dare not go to church, ______?
a. dare he b. daren't he c. does he d. doesn't he
19. Susan would have worked abroad if she'd had the chance, ______?
a. has she b. hadn't she c. would she d. wouldn't she
20. Everyone's having a good time, ______?
a. is he b. isn't everyone c. does he d. aren't they
21. Any one can join the club, ______?
a. can any one b. can't any one c. can't they d. can they
22. Tell me how to operate the electronic computer, ______?
a. will you b. shan't you c. do you d. don't you
23. Magaret scarcely comes to visit you on Christmas Day, ______?
a. doesn't she b. does she c. do you d. don't you
24. Let's listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned, ______?
a. do we b. don't we c. shall we d. shan't we
25. You think you're funny, ______?
a. didn't you b. are you c. don't you d. do you
26. Janet used to take part in labor in that village, ______?
a. used she b. did she c. didn't she d. should she
27. What beautiful weather, ______?
a. is it b. isn't it c. won't it d. doesn't it
28. He ought to go to Kwangchow by plane, ______?
a. should he b. shouldn't he c. would he d. wouldn't he
29. We never dared to ask him a question, ______?
a. did we b. didn't we c. dared we d. daren't we
30. Nobody will believe how difficult his work has been ______?
a. will he b. won't nobody c. will they d. won't they
31. You must have made the mistake, ______?
a. mustn't you b. haven't you c. didn't you d. hadn't you
32. Learning how to repair computers takes a long time, ______?
a. isn't it b. aren't they c. doesn't it d. don't they
33. Jack has coffee with breakfast, ______?
a. hasn't Jack b. hasn't he c. doesn't Jack d. doesn't he
34. They must have stayed at hotel last night, ______?
a. mustn't they b. haven't they c. didn't they d. hadn't they
35. There isn't anything wrong with the radio, ______?
a. is there b. is it c. does it d. does there
36. You must be hungry, ______?
a. must you b. mustn't you c. are you d. aren't you
37. Let's do the exercises by ourselves, ______?
a. shall we b. shan't we c. will you d. will we
38. Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned, ______?
a. had she b. hadn't she c. didn't she d. didn't her daughter
39. The teacher had a talk with you, ______?
a. has you b. hadn't she c. did she d. didn't she
40. Something'll have to be done about the air pollution, ______?
a. won't it b. will it c. has it d. does it
主谓一致答案: ADBBD ADBCB CCDA
反意疑问句练习答案
1-5 CABCA 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 ACBDA 16-20 DBADD
21-25 CABCD 26-30 CBBAC 31-35 BCDCA 36--40 CACDA
责任编辑：李芳芳
主谓一致练习
1. We each _____ strong points and each of us on the other hand ______ weak points.
A. have , have B. has, have C. has , has D. have, has
2. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
3. The police _______ determined to bring back the missing boy when his family ______ almost given up all hope.
A. is, has B. are , have C. are , has D. is, have
4. In this institution a medal together with a prize of certain sum of money _____ gains success in science and technology every two years.
A. are given to anyone B. is given to whoever
C. are given to who D. is given to whom
5. You should try Larry and kevin's restaurant because _____ the best in the city.
A. theirs is B. their's is C. they are D. their's are
6. Only one of the students who __ present__ to speak at the meeting .
A. is, is B. are, are C. are , is D. is, are
7. ------ ______ the dollars a big sum of money to him ?
------ I suppose _________.
A. Are, to B. Were, to C. Will be, to D. Is , so
8. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. had not decided D. have not decided
9. Either Tom or Jane did ________ homework in the classroom .
A. their B. theirs C. his D. her
10. Reading magazines and novels ________ helpful.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
11. In spring, many plants bloom, which ____ the world even more beautiful.
A. made B. make C. makes D. have made
12. It's not you but Mr. Anderson who ___ to answer ___ the incident.
A. are, for B. were, to C. is, for D. was , back
13. There are two books on the bookshelf. ______ of them ____ worth ______.
A. Both , are, being read B. All, are , reading
C. Neither, is, being read D. Either, is , reading
14. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. ( MENT 96 )
A. were , was B. was, was C. was, were D. were , were
15. I don't think the poor _________ poor.
A. are always B. has been always C. is always D. always are
16. Every means _______ tried but without much result.
A. have been B. had C. has D. has been
17. At the meeting each man and each woman _______ praised by the manager yesterday.
A. was B. were C. would be D. had been
18. One and a half days ________ what I need.
A. was B. is C. are D. were
19. Sixty percent of the work______ . A. have been done
B. had been done C. has been done D. has done
20. ______ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming ?
A. Are B. Is C. Do D. Does
21. Such films _____ shown yesterday ______ not worth seeing again.
A. that was, is B. as were, are C. as were, is D. those were , are
22. Three fourths of the earth's surface ______ covered with water.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
23. About 85 percent of the students ____ good , and part of them _____ interested in biology.
A. is, are B. are, are C. are , is D. is , is
24. Politics ______ now taught in all schools.
A. is B. are C. be D. being
25. Do you know what his politics _______ ?
A. is B. are C. be D. being
26. The wounded __________ sent to the hospital at once .
A. were B. are C. is D. was
27. The Chinese _____ hard-working.
A. be B. being C. is D. are
28. The United Nations ______ in 1945.
A. are found B. is found C. was founded D. were founded
29. Our headmaster and secretary ______ kind and strict.
A. is B. be C. are D. were
30. More than one girl _______ late for class this morning.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
31. Many a student ______ in the exam.
A. have failed B. had been failed C. has failed D. will be failed
32. A pair of broken glasses ______ on the desk.
A. is laying B. is lying C. are lying D. are laying
33. What _______ the police looking for?
A. is B. are C. will D. did
34. No boy and no girl ______ waiting for the bus.
A. are B. be C. were D. is
35. There ______ I'd like to answer this evening.
A. are one or two letters B. has one or two letters
C. is one or two letters D. have one or two letters
36. Great quantities of fish ______ in the river in the past few days.
A. is caught B. are caught
C. has been caught D. have been caught
37. Why she didn't come here ______ quite clear.
A. are not B. will not C. isn't D. were not
38. What he says and what he does ___________ .
A. is not agree B. are not agree
C. does not agree D. do not agree
39. Not only politics but also English is important. In other word, ______ is important.
A. English , as well as politics B. politics as well as English
C. both politics and English D. politics as well as the English
40. This is the one of the books on the subject that ______ ever been written in Chinese.
A. have B. has C. had D. are
41. The exam he paid no attention to _ him the chance to go to college.
A. being costed B. costing C. cost D. costs
42. Not only the students but also the teacher ______ about the matter.
A. are talking B. is to talk C. have talked D. are having talked
43. On the ceiling of our classroom ______ four lights.
A. hang B. are hanged C. hanged D. hangs
44. The world's supplies of oil _____ gradually ______ up with the development of industry and the increase of cars.
A. is ; used B. are being; used C. has; used D. have been; using
45. He is one of the students who , I am sure, always do _____ best.
A. his B. one's C. my D. their
46. The population of China ____ over 12 million and eighty percent of the population _____ peasants.
A. is; are B. are; is C. is ; is D. are ; are
47. He said that the twelfth and last lesson _______ rather difficult .
A. were B. was C. will be D. are
48. His “Selected Poems” ______ first published in 1965.
A. were B. was C. has been D. were
49. All but one ______ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
50. Seventy percent of the students here ______ from the country side.
A. is B. are C. comes D. has come
51. More than 60 percent of world’s radio programmes ___ in English.
A. is B. was C. are D. be
52. The whole class ______ the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening
53. The United States of America ______ one of the most developed countries in the world.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
54 The air in big cities ______ very dirty by factories.
A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made
55. A large number of students of this school ______ fond of playing football.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
56. Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.
A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study
57. I, who ______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your lessons.
A. be B. am C. are D. is
58. Ten dollars ______a big sum for a small child , and they will go a long way .
A. are B. being C. have D. is
59. The rich ______ not always happy.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
60. Apples of this kind _______.
A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well
61. The Olympic Games _______ held every _______ years.
A. is…four B. are…four C. is…five D. are…five
62. No one but her parents ______ it.
A. know B. knows C. is knowing d. are knowing
63. ______ a good enough price for this book.
A. Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C. Two yuans is D. Two yuan is
64. No bird and no beast _______ in the lonely island.
A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees
65. The news of victories ______ spreading far and wide.
A. is B. are C. have been D. were
66.Few of his family ______ with his imaginative ideas.
A. agree B. agrees C. are agreed D. is agreed
67. The paper for books and newspapers _____ made of wood.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
68. Neither your mother nor you ______ at home.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
69. It is she who _______ wrong.
A. is B. am C. are D. has been
70. ________ well looked after in that hospital. A. Wounded are
B. Wounded is C. The wounded are D. The wounded is
71. Twenty of us are old. The rest _______ young.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
72. The Smiths ______ to move into the new building.
A. are B. is C. has D. will
73. It is said the police ______ trying their best to catch the murderer.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
74. Here ______ a new pair of shoes for you.
A. is B. are c. have D. has
75. The best ______ still unknown.
A. is B. are C. be D. were
76. We each _______ to pass the entrance examinations.
A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. is hoping
77. Bread and butter ______ a kind of food.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
78. The watch and chain ______ of gold.
A. is made B. are made C. were made D. am made
79. Half the eggs ______ bad.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
80. ______ this pair of glasses ______ her well?
A. Is…fit B. Do…fit C. Does…fit D. Are…fit
81. About eighty percent of the students in his class ___ below sixteen.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
82. There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
83. A large quantity of water pipes ______ needed.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
84. Large quantities of paper ______ wasted.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
85. How and why he ______ come to Princeton, New Jersey ______ a story of struggle, success and sadness.
A. had…was B. had… are C. had… has d. had… have
86. Not only I but also Jessie and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am d. be
87.My driving licence , rather than my credit cards, ______lost .,
A. have B. are C. is D. has
88. Nobody but Jane and Mary ______ secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
89. A great deal of ______ was done to crops.
A. damages B. damaging C. damage D. ruin
90. -Do you want the pants?
-My pants ______ laid in bed.
A. is B. was C. are D. being
91. I told him what I was surprised ____ his attitude towards his study.
A. is B. was C. at is D. at was
92. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest ___ more difficult.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
93. They each ______ a new dictionary.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
94.The pilot as well as four of the passengers ______death .
A. has escaped B. have escaped C. has been escaped D. have been escaped
95. Every hour and every minute ______ important.
A. are B. were C. is D. will
96. Nobody except Bill and Johnny ______entered the second round of the interview.
A. have B. has C. have been D. has been
97. He is one of the old scientists who ______nothing about his personal income and fame .
A. cares B. care C. is caring D. are caring
98. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ________yet.
A.are not decided B.have not been decided
C.is not being decided D.has not been decided
99.Mary is one of the girls who ________by the headmaster at the meeting.
A. is praised B. are praised C.was praised D.were praised
100.Mary is the only one of the girls who________by the headmaster at the meeting.
A.is praised B.are praised C.was praised D.were praised
Keys:
01-10 DABBA CDADA 11-20 CCDCA DABCA
21-30 BABAB ADCAC 31-40 CBBDA DCDAB
41-50 CBABD ABBDB 51-60 CAACA CBDAC
61-70 BBDBA ACCAC 71-80 BADAA BAABC
81-90 BAAAA BCBCC 91-100 DABCC BBDDC
责任编辑：李芳芳
英语语法是英语知识中十分重要的环节，希望以下文章对您有所帮助!
英语语法一
专有名词是指某个人、某种物、某件事、某个地点所专属的名称，如具人、地、物、地点、机构、节日、月份、国家或地区等的名称。专有名词首字母大写，通常情况在句子中前面没有限定词。比如My name is James.这里James是我的名字，是一个专有名词。但也有例外，如the People's Republic of China (中国)前面就有定冠词the，专有名词一般都是单数形式。更多关于专有名词的解释详见专有名词解释。
本文将主要介绍专有名词中的人名相关知识，如前面例句中James就是人名。先来看一段小学生学习的英文片断：
Three days before her birthday party,Sally writes down the names of her friends.They are all coming to her party.
Jill
Kim
David
Lisa
Tom
Mat
Wendy
For a person's name,you use a special type of noun.It is called a proper noun.
如果有一定英语基础这一段英文应该能看懂其意思，没有英文基础的朋友用翻译软件翻译一下。片段中的Sally,Jill,Kim,David,Lisa,Tom,Mat,Wendy都是英文名，在文中人名第一个字母要大写，指的是已知的特定某人，前面没有定冠词。
但是在某些时候人名前会有不定冠词或定冠词，这时专有名词就变成了普通名词。
1、人名是专有名词通常前面不用冠词。
a.表示人名的专有名词，包括那些前面带有尊称或头衔的专用名词，前面一般不用冠词。如：
John is from London. 约翰是伦敦人。
Mr.Collins was excellent in his perfromance. 柯林斯先生的表演很精彩。
Professor Stamp was born in 1898,and educated at King's College,London. 斯坦普教授生于1898年,在伦敦皇家学院受的教育。
b.艺术家的名字前如用不用冠词，可以指其人的全部作品。如：
Bach gives me a lot of pleasure. 巴赫(的音乐作品)给了我很大享受。
He likes Keats.他喜欢济慈的诗歌。
2、姓氏(姓名)前用不定冠词a/an的用法：
a.加在姓氏前表示“某个叫...的人;某位姓...的人”(说话人只知道姓氏，不知道名字或者说话人内心有所指，但又不十分明确，或说话人有意隐瞒)。如：
A Miss Johnson called you yesterday. 有一位约翰逊小姐昨天打电话给你。
There wasn't a single Jones in the village. 村子里连一个叫琼斯的人也没有。
A Tom Smith is waiting for you downstairs. 一个叫汤姆.史密斯的人正在楼下等你。
b.借喻，表示“和...相似的人”。如：
He is a Lei Feng of today.他是当代的雷锋。
We need a Washington today.今天我们需要华盛顿那样的人物。
He wants to be an Einstein in the future. 他想将来成为爱因斯坦式的人物。
c.加在作家、画家等姓名前表示“一件...的作品;一幅...的画像(或雕塑等)”。如：
There's a Rembrandt in her collection. 他收藏品中有一幅伦勃朗的画。
I have read a new Wells recently. 最近我读了威尔斯的一部新作。
Have you got a complete Shakespeare(=a set of Shakespeare's complete works)?你手头有莎士比亚全集吗?
Experts think the painting may be a Picasso. 专家们认为这幅画可能出自毕加索的手笔。
d.加在姓氏前，表示“某家族(或家庭)”中的一个成员。如：
Is that a Wilson over there?那边那个人是威尔逊家的人码?
His wife is a Stuart(=a member of Stuart family).他的妻子是斯图亚特家的人。
e.加在姓氏前表示“某人的发明或设计”。如：
He bought a Underwood last year. 去年他买了一台安伍德牌打印机。
f.人名前还可以加“a(n)+adj.”表示特别的意思。如：
We were met at the door by a smiling Mary,not by an angry Mary.在门口迎接我们的是微笑的玛丽，而不是生气的玛丽。
A sad-faced Charles came in the meeting room. 满脸愁容的查尔斯走进会议室。
3、定冠词the+人名的用法
a、通常情况下，已经转化为类名词的人名大都能与the连用。如：
Lu Xun was the Gorky of China. 鲁迅是中国的高尔基。
Guan Hanqing is considered to be the Shakespeare of China.关汉卿被认为是中国的莎士比亚。
b、“the+adj.+人名”可以强调某人暂时的特征或状态。人名前面或后面加定语把某人与其它同名的人区别开来时也要用the.如：
The frightened Jack returned home for two guns.惊恐万分的杰克回家取了两支。
The William I know was a hunter. 我认识的威廉是个猎人。
c、“the+复数姓氏”可以表示某姓的一家人或夫妻俩、兄弟俩、姐妹俩等。如：
The Bakers will leave for New York tomrrow. 贝克一家人明天要去纽约。
It took the Loisels ten years to pay off their debts. 卢瓦泽尔夫妇用了十年才还清了债务。
d.表示所指之人是听、说双方都作同一理解的那个知名人士时该人名前要用the.如：
--She is a distant relative of Henry Ford.她是亨利.福特的一个远房亲戚。
--Is she,indeed?The Henry Ford?真的吗?你是指那个有名的亨利.福特?
--Yes,the Henry Ford.是的，就是那个众所周知的亨利.福特。
英语语法二
population 英 [ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn] 美 [ˌpɑ:pjuˈleɪʃn]
population的基本意思是“人口”，是个集合名词。(集合名词有些只表示复数意义，<如people，例句：People are not interested in such things.人们对那样的事不感兴趣。这里People是复数，所以用谓语用are>;有些只表示单数意义，<如furniture(家具),例句：Some furniture is made of bamboo. 有些家具是竹制的。这里furniture是单数，所以谓语用is>;有些集合名词根据情况来确是是单数意义还是复数意义，<如family,例句：His family isn’t very large. 他家成员不多。His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。>)。population在不同用法中可以是单数意义也可能是复数意义。
下面详细谈一下population的用法
1、population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。例如:
The world's population is increasing faster and faster.
全世界的人口增长得越来越快。
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the world's population was about 1,700 million.
在二十世纪初,全世界的人口大约是十七亿。
2、当主语是表示”人口的百分之几、几分之几“时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.
中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。
3、有时population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。例如:
China has a population of about 1.3 billion. (=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.)
中国大约有十三亿人口。
New York is a big city with a population of over 10 million.
纽约是一个有一千多万人口的大城市。
在表示多个地区的人口时,population要用复数形式populations。例如:
Many parts of the world, which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops, have become deserts.
世界上很多地区一度人口众多,种植大量的农作物;现在,这些地区已经变成了沙漠。
4、表示人口的”多“或”少“,不用”much“或”little“,而要用”large“或”small“。例如:
India has a large population. 印度人口众多。
Singapore has a small population. 新加坡人口少。
5、询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用”How much...?“,而用”How large...?“;在问具体人口时用”What...?“。例如:
How large is the population of your hometown? 你们家乡有多少人口?
The population of our hometown is nearly twice as large as that of yours.
我们家乡的人口是你们家乡人口的将近两倍。
What is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少?
The population of Canada is about 29 million. 加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。
6、population还表示”某地、某类的动、植物或物品的总数"。例如:
In India, however, the population of tigers has increased, from 2,000 in 1972 to about 5,000 in .
然而在印度,老虎的总数已从1972年的2,000只增长到了年的大约5,000只。
英语语法三
一、如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数.
Smoking is not a good habit.
To live happily needs a lot of things.
What I said is true.
二、如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词.
The singer and songwriter is dead.
The science and technology plays an important part in China.
Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients.
“War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read.
如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词.
Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.
Each minute and second is valuable to us.
三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数.
Jack with his family wants to go to China.
He, as well as you, is very honest.
No one but I is a student.
Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident.
The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.
四、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词(sb,sth---)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数.
Each of you is cleverer than me.
Neither student has passed the exam.
Is anybody here?
五、both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语的时候,
永远用复数动词.
Several friends were invited to the party.
Both books are sold out.
六、all, none, any, some, more和most要是修饰单数名词,谓语动词用单数; 若是修饰复数名词,就用复数动词.
Most of the apple is bad.
Most of the apples are bad.
None of this money is yours.
None of the people here are teachers.
七、 由or连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最接近的主语一致.
You or he is wrong.
Are you or he wrong?
由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最近的主语一致.
Either he or you have to tell the truth.
Neither my brother nor his friends are over 18 years old.
Not only the basketball players but also the coach was very nervous.
八、若主语的复数名词表示的是”一段时间”, “一笔钱”, “一段距离”, “一个数量”, “一个面积”的时候用单数谓语动词.
Two weeks is to enough for me to finish it.
Five thousand dollars is too much.
Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.
九、people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等常用复数动词. 有一些集体名词,如果表示的是整体就用单数动词, 如果表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词.这样的词常见的有family, class, audience, public, team等等.
His family are all singers.
His family is very large.
十、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词与先行词一致。
Those who want to go please sign their names here.
十一、一些名词只有复数形式，如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales 等， 作主语时谓语用复数形式
The scales 天平are mine.
但是成双的东西前面有a pair of 要用单数。
This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.
十二、如果主语由“a kind of ( a series of ) 构成， 谓语一般用单数形式。
This kind of men is dangerous.
如果是多种，谓语动词要用复数。
There are many kinds of apples.
十三、算术式通常用单数。
十四、ics结尾的学科用单数谓语动词。
十五、书名，剧名，报纸名，国名的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
The united states is a capitalist country.
“ The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.
十六、“the+形容词(分词)“ 指人谓语动词用复数形式。指抽象谓语动词
用单数。
The English speak English.
The new always beats the old.
十七、who, what, which, all,more, most some, any, none,
half, the rest, the remainder 等作主语要看各自的情况。
十八、one and a half 加复数名词作主语谓语动词用单数。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
★ 主谓一致讲与练
