下面是小编帮大家整理的职称英语综合A级阅读判断模拟练习题（共含8篇），希望对大家的学习与工作有所帮助。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“chjx”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
Plants and Mankind Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don't know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all. Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away . 1. It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2. People can not survive without plants. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 3. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 4. Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 5. Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6. People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 7. Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
职称英语真题：职称英语真题阅读判断(综合类A级)
阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
“Wanna buy a body?” That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S. News. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into “them”, who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana, and “us”, the serious news people. But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.
Working in the reputable world of journalism, I told photographers to cover other people's difficult life situations. I justified marching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the reader's right to know. I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines. And I wasn't alone.
In any American town, after a car crash or some other horrible incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to take photos of the blood and injuries. But you are likely to see local newspaper and television photographers on the scene Cand fast…
How can we justify doing this? Journalists are taught to separate, doing the job from worrying about the consequences of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business saying: Leave your conscience in the office, A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead. Your job is to record the image (图象). You're a photographer, not an emergency medical worker. You put away your feelings and document the scene.
But catastrophic events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. They rush to obtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and death is usually the subject. Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it up for bid by major magazines. The most sought-after special pic.ruiwen.command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests.
I worked on all those stories and many like them. When they happen, you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to the pictures.
Now, many people believe journalists are the hypocrites(伪君子)who need to be brought down, and it's our pictures that most anger others. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between clear-minded “us” and mean-spirited “them”. In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right.
16. The writer never got an offer for a photograph of a dead person.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. The writer believes that shooting people’s nightmares is justifiable.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. News photographers are usually a problem for secure workers at an accident.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Journalists aren’t supposed to think about whether they are doing the right thing.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for exclusive pictures.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. Many people say that they are annoyed by the US News pictures.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第2部分：阅读判断：（每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面的短文，并请根据短文内容判断这些话是正确、错误还是未提到。
smoking
Since 1939,mumerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.1
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking male s. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.
Apart from statistics , it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body . Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals , minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in , all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.
Filters and low tar tobacco2are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.
词汇：
vaporize v. (使)蒸发 nicotine n. 尼古丁
membrane n. 膜 bronchus n. 支气管
filter n. 过滤嘴
注释：
1. life expectancy : 预期寿命
2. low tar tobacco: 焦油含量低的烟草
练习：
1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. smoking may induce lung cancer.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. Nicotine is poisonous.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
Hong Kong, major commercial center for Asia, and with a population which has grown at an alarming rate to over 5 million, is a city highly dependent on mass transit of all sorts, both local and long distance. The average Hong Kong worker or businessman, going about his daily activities, simply must use public transportation at one time or another.
Because Hong Kong is in two parts, Kowloon, on the mainland side, and Hong Kong, the island, with Hong Kong’s harbor in between, Hong Kong’s mass transit systems, in addition to going over land must also cross water.
Going from home to work, or going shopping from one side of the harbor to the other, the Hong Kong resident has three choices. One way is to take a bus, which will cross the harbor through an underwater traffic tunnel moving slowly through bumper-to-bumper traffic. Another way is by ferryboat, a pleasant ride which crosses the harbor in from seven to fifteen minutes.
But by far the fastest way of crossing the harbor is the newly built underground electric railway, the Hong Kong Metro. If one boards the train in the Central District, the commercial area of Hong Kong on the island side, he can speed across the harbor in an astonishing three minutes. On the other side of the harbor the railway continues, snaking back and forth through the outlying districts of Kowloon, allowing one to get off a short distance from his destination.
The story of the Metro is an encouraging one for supporters of mass transit. Although building the system was certainly a challenging task, the Japanese firm hired to construct it did so in record time. Construction got underway in 1979 and it was completed in 1980.
For the average commuter the system has only one disadvantages: it is more expensive than by bus or ferry. One can ride the bus across the harbor for half as much, or he can ride the ferry across for less than one-fifth as much.
1.Hong Kong ___
A.can do without mass transit.
B.finds public transportation too expensive.
C.needs public transportation.
D.has an insufficient mass transit system.
2.Hong Kong Public transportation extends ___.
A.over hills and valleys.
B.across land and water.
C.through mountains.
D.throughout the Kowloon area.
3.The traffic in the underwater traffic tunnel is ___.
A.heavy
B.light
C.fast
D.dangerous
4.Crossing the harbor by train is ___.
A.by far the most economical method.
B.the most pleasant method.
C.the least pleasant method.
D.the fastest method.
5.The business area on the island side of Hong Kong is referred to be as ___.
A.Kowloon
B.the Central District
C.the Hong Kong Metro
D.the Hong Kong’s harbor.
答案：CBADB
第2部分：阅读判断(第16――22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.
The Theory of Everything
If Stephen Hawking lives until the year ， he will have lived more than50 years longer than his doctors expected. When he was a college student，doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration(分解)of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulatevoluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or threeyears.
Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or hishead. He cannot taste or smell anything. And yet this man is Professor ofMathematics at Cambridge University， a position held by the famous scientistIsaac Newton in 1669.
Hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein，but to the world outside science， he is also known as the man who madescientific theory understandable. His book， A Brief History of Time， has soldover eight million copies.
He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any ofthe things other men have to worry about， such as washing the car or working inthe yard， he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in theperfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated hislife to. His question is： Is there a complete theory of the universe andeverything in it?
Despite his tremendous physical disabilities， he has already made some veryimportant discoveries about the origin of the universe， how the universe holdstogether， and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain thesecrets of “black holes” in space. Now he is looking for a set ofrules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory ofEverything. He thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next20 years.
If Stephen Hawking is able to find his Theory of Everything， he will havegiven the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the wholenature of science and probably also the way we live.
16.Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by 2017.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17.Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18.Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19.A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20.Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesn't have to work.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21.Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets of
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22.The Theory of Everything is about the rules that everything in theuniverse follows.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, mark
Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
How to Get a Great Idea
The guests had arrived, and the wine was warm. Once again, I'd forgotten to refrigerate it. “Don't worry,” a friend said, “I can chill it for you fight away.”
Five minutes later she emerged from the kitchen with the wine perfectly cooled. Asked to reveal her secret, she said, “Easy. I poured the wine in a plastic bag and then dipped it in ice water. After a few minutes the wine was cold. The hard part was getting it back into bottle. I couldn't find a funnel (漏斗), so I made a cone with wax paper.”
My guests applauded. “How wonderful if we could all be that clever,” one remarked.
A decade of research has convinced me we can. What separates the average person from Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity--it's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them. Most of us seldom achieve our creative potential. I think I know why, and I can help unlock the reservoir of ideas hiding within every one of us.
One puzzle I've watched students deal with is retrieving a Ping-Pong ball that has fallen to the bottom of a sealed, vertical drainpipe. The tools that they can use are either too short to reach the ball or too wide to fit into the pipe, which is also too narrow to reach into by hand. At last some students make the connection: drainpipe= water=floating. They pour water down the hole, and the ball floats to the top.
This and many other experiments suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity in all of us. Here are the best techniques.
Capture the fleeting. A good idea is like a rabbit. It runs by so fast that sometimes you see only its ears or tail. To capture it, you must be ready. Creative people are always ready to act, and that may ha the only difference between us and them.
Poet Amy Lowell wrote of the urgency with which she captured new ideas, “Whatever 1 am doing, I lay it aside and attend to the arriving poem,” she wrote. Like many other writers, Lowell sought paper and pencil when she saw a good idea coming. I enter new ideas into a pocket computer. Anything--even a napkin--win do.
In a letter to a friend in 1821, Ludwig van Beethoven talked about how he thought of a beautiful tune while dozing in carriage. “But scarcely did I awake when away flew the tune,” he wrote, “and I could not recall any part of it.' Fortunately--for Beethoven and for us--the next day in the same carriage, the tune came back to him, and this time he captured it in writing.
When a good idea comes your way, write it down--on your arm if necessary. Not every idea will have value, of course. The point is to capture first and evaluate them later.
Daydream. Surrealist Dali used to lie on a sofa, holding a spoon. Just as he began to fall asleep. Dali would drop the spoon onto a plate on the floor. The sound shocked him awake, and he would immediately sketch the images he had seen in his mind in that fertile world of semi-sleep.
Everyone experiences this strange state, and everyone can take advantage of it. Try Dali's trick, or just allow yourself to daydream. For many, the ”three b's“--bed, bath and bus--are productive. There, and anywhere else you can be with your thoughts undisturbed, you'll find that ideas emerging freely.
Seek challenges. When you're stuck behind a locked door, every behavior that's ever gotten you free turns up quickly: you may push or pull on the knob, bang the door--even shout for help. Scientists call the rehappening of old behaviors in a challenging situation resurgence. The more behaviors that reappear, the greater the number of possible interconnections, and the more likely that new ideas will occur.
Try inviting friends and business associations from different areas of your life to a party. Bring people of two or three generations together. This will get you thinking in new ways.
Edwin Land, one of America's most prolific inventors, said that the idea that led to his invention of the Polaroid camera came from his three-year-old daughter. On a visit to Santa Fe in 1943, she asked why she couldn't see the picture he had just taken. During the next hour, as Land walked around Santa Fe, all he had learned about chemistry came together, with amazing results. Said Land, ”The camera and the film became clear to me. In my mind they were so real that I spent several hours describing them.“
Put new and crazy items--like kid's toys--on your desk. Turn pictures upside down or sideways. The more detersive the stimulations we receive, the more rapidly the mind produces new ideas.
Expand your world. Many discoveries in sciences, engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields. Consider ”The Two-String Problem“. Two widely separated strings hang from a ceiling. Even though you can't reach both at once, is it possible to tie their ends together, using only a pair of pliers?
One college student found the solution almost immediately. He tied the pliers to one string and set it in motion like a pendulum (钟摆). As it swung back and forth, he walked quickly to the other string and drew it as far forward as it would reach. Then he caught the swinging string when it passed near him and tied the two ends.
Asked how he had solved the problem, the student explained he had just come from a physics class on pendulum motion. What he had learned in one context transferred to a completely different one.
This principle works outside the lab as well. To enhance your creativity, learn something new. If you're a banker, take up tap dancing. If you're a nurse, try a course in mythology. Read a book on a subject you know little about. Change your daily newspaper. The new will interconnect with the old in novel and potentially fascinating ways. Becoming more creative is really just a matter of paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to capture and act upon the new that's within you.
1. The author believes that those who have creative capacity are usually great figures.
2. The example of the students getting the Ping-Pong ball proves that students are more creative than average people.
3. The examples of Amy Lowell and Beethoven tell us that we should write down a good idea immediately as it may easily disappear.
4. Daydreaming can be a good way of realizing one's creative potential.
5. People facing challenges are unlikely to achieve creative ideas.
6. Salvador Dali is a famous surrealist painter, whose works are highly controversial from the modernism or even post-modernism perspective.
7. To enhance creativity, people should always learn something new.
8. The success of Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare lies on their ability to rather than mere creative capacity.
9. The author believes that many discoveries in science, engineering and the arts mix ideas from ______.
10. Learn to be more creative is just a matter of focusing on the endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to ______ the new that's within you.
试题详解
1.N 由题干中的关键词creative capacity定位到文章第四段第二句：What separates the average person from Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity--it's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them，作者认为普通人也有创造力，与题目意思不同。
由此得出题目说法错误。
2.N 由题干中的关键词Ping-Pong ball定位到文章第五段，再根据第六段首句 This and many other experiments suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity in all of us可知，作者认为人们同样有创造力，与题目意思不同，由此得出题目说法错误。
3.Y由题于中的关键词Amy Lowell和Beethoven定位到第一个小标题的末段：
When s good idea comes your way，write it down--on your arm if necessary.
Not every idea will have value，of course.The point is to capture first and evaluate them later。题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。
4.Y 由题干中的关键词daydreaming定位到第二个小标题第二段首尾两句：
Everyone experiences this strange state，and everyone can take advantage of it...
There，and anywhere else you can be with your thoughts undisturbed，you'll find that ideas emerging freely，题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。
5.N 由题于中的关键词people facing challenges定位到第三个小标题末段末句：
The more detersive the stimulations we receive，the more rapidly the mind produces new ideas，题目认为面对挑战的人不可能产生创造性的想法，与原文不同，由此得出题目说法错误。
6.NG 由题干中的关键词Dali定位到第二个小标题首段，但题目巾的内容在文章中并未提及。
7.Y 由题干中的关键词enhance their creativity定位到文章末段第二句：To enhance your creativity, learn something new，与题目意思相同，由此得出题目说法正确。
8.encourage creative impulses and then (to) act upon them
由题干中的关键词Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare定位到文章第四段第二句：What separates the average person from Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity--it's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them，由此得出答案。
9.different fields
由题干中的关键词discoveries in science，engineering and the arts定位到第四个小标题下面首段首句：Many discoveries in sciences，engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields，由此得出答案。
10.capture and act upon
由题干中的关键词be more creative定位到文章尾句：Becoming more creative is really just a matter of paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce，and learning to capture and act upon the new that's within you，由此得出答案。
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People travel for a lot of reasons.Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines1.Others are looking for culture,or simply want to have their pictures taken2 in front of famous places.But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on3.
Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it4.Residents of cities like London,Copenhagen,and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short,and much of the rest of the year in the rain5.This is the reason the Mediterranean6 has always attracted them.Every summer,more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts7 and beaches for their vacation.They all come for the same reason： sun!
The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries.Italy's 30，000 hotels are booked solid8 every summer.And 13 million people camp out on French beaches,parks,and roadsides.Spain's long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else.37 million tourists visit yearly,or one tourist for every person living in Spain9.
But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism than it can handle.The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth.And with increased tourism ，it's getting worse.The French can't figure out10 what to do with all the garbage left by campers around St.Tropez.And in many places,swimming is dangerous because of pollution.
None of this,however,is spoiling11 anyone's fun.The Mediterranean gets more popular every year with tourists.Obviously,they don't go there for clean water and solitude12.They tolerate traffic jams13 and seem to like crowded beaches.They don't even mind the pollution.No matter how dirty the water is,the coastline still looks beautiful.And as long as14 the sun shines,it's still better thanin the cold rain in Berlin,London,or Oslo.
注释：
1 religious shrine：宗教圣殿
2.have their pictures taken：请别人为他们照相
3.But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on.但大多数欧洲游客愿意寻找阳光充足的海滩晒日光浴。注意look for和fmd的区别。look for是“找”的过程，常解释为“寻找”，find是“找”的结果，所以常解释为“找到”。不妨体会一下它们的差别：I've been looking for my lost watch and haven't found it yet.
4.Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it.北欧人心甘情愿花大笔金钱，容忍诸多不便去获得阳光，因为阳光对他们来说太难得了。
5.Residents of cities like London,Copenhagen,and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short,and much of the rest of the year in the rain.由于白天很短，像伦敦、哥本哈根和阿姆斯特丹的居民在冬季的大部分时间里，都是在昏暗中度过的，而其余的季节又都是阴雨连绵。这句点出了北欧阴冷潮湿，日短夜长的气候特征，也就解释了欧洲游客执着追求温暖明媚阳光的原因。
6.the Mediterranean：地中海地区
7.resorts：指常去的地方，胜地
8.be booked solid：全部客满
9.37 million tourists visit yearly ，or one tourist for every person living in Spain.每年有3 700多万游客，换句话说，旅游者与西班牙居民人数相当，即为1：1.
10.figure out：此处指“想出”，它还有“算出;明白;断定”等意。
11.spoil：原意为“损坏;宠坏”，此处指“破坏兴致”。
12.solitude：意为“独居，独处”，文中指清静自在。
13.traffic jams：交通堵塞
14.as long as：意为“只要;在……情况下”，引导条件状语从句。又如：I'm happy as long as you are happy.
练习：
1.The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that________.
A) they want to see historic remains or religious spots
B) they are interested in different cultural traditions and social customs
C) they would like to take pictures in front of famous sites
D) they wish to escape from the cold,dark and rainy days back at home
2.In paragraph 2,cities like London,Copenhagen,and Amsterdam are mentioned________.
A) to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate
B) to tell us how wealthy their residents are
C) to suggest that these cities lack places of historic interest and scenic beauty
D) to prove that they have got more tourism than they can handle
3.According to the passage,which of the following countries attracts more tourists than the others?
A) Italy.
B) Spain.
C) France.
D) Greece.
4.The latter half of the last sentence in paragraph 3,i.e.，”or one tourist for every person living in Spain" means________.
A) all the 37 million people living in Spain are tourists
B) every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country
C) every person living in Spain has to take care of a tourist
D) every Spanish is visited by a tourist every year
5.According to the passage,which of the following factors might spoil the tourists' fun at Mediterranean resorts and beaches?
A) Polluted water.
B) Crowded buses.
C) Traffic jams.
D) Rainy weather.
答案与题解：
1.D 第一段首先在主题句中指出人们外出旅行的原因是多种多样的，然后以some和others 举出一些例子，最后以转折连词but点出作者要着重描述的欧洲游客对阳光特殊的追求及其原因。选项A、B、C均属于作者列举的一般游客感兴趣的事物，只有 D项才是欧洲游客旅行的动机，所以选D.
2.A 第二段中所举的三个城市都具有阴冷日短的气候特点，这些不利的地理气候条件使得当地居民向往阳光充足的地方。四个选项中，选项A最接近题意。
3.B 第三段中的第四句话是这么说的：Spain's long,sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else.西班牙那漫长的海岸线更成了众多旅游者慕名前往的地方。因此选B.
4.B 去西班牙旅行的游客人数与西班牙人口的比例达1：1，所以选B
5.D 最后一段中已说明：只要阳光普照，就比阴冷多雨的北欧强，因此只有D项“多雨的天气”才会破坏游客们的兴致。
supermarket
supermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines, that ordinarily emphasizes price in either an offensive or defensive way. as a method, supermarket retailing features several related product lines, a high degree of self-service, largely centralized checkout, and competitive prices. the supermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise, ____(1)____.
The term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field. most supermarkets emphasize price. some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers. other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage. since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins, they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital.
Supermarkets originates in the early 1930s. they were established by independents ____(2)____. supermarkets were an immediate success, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. in recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins.
Today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing. however, different names are used to distinguish these institutions ____(3)____:
A superstore is a larger version of the supermarket. it offers more grocery and nonfood items ____(4)____. many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction.
Combination stores are usually even larger than superstore. they, too, offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore. some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as kroger and sav-on.
For many years the supermarket has been under attack from numerous competitors. for example, a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also various types of institutions (warehouse stores, gourmet shops, meat and fish markets, and convenience stores). supermarkets have reacted to competitive pressures ____(5)____: some cut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services. others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores), groceries attuned to a particular market area (foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group, for example), and various service departments (including video rentals, restaurants, delicatessens, financial institutions, and pharmacies).
a by size and assortment
b than a conventional supermarket does
c including building materials, office products, and, of course, groceries
d attracting more customers with their low prices
e primarily in either of two ways
f to compete with grocery chains
keys: CFABE
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