英语中哪些成分可以构成状语

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英语中哪些成分可以构成状语

篇1:英语中哪些成分可以构成状语

英语语法中的状语,描述谓语动作的时间、地点、方式、程度、工具、原因、目的、条件等内容。

状语的构成

能作状语的成分主要有:时间副词(也称作时间名词)、副词(词组)、介词词组、(动词)不定式、动名词(词组),也称-ing式、过去分词(词组)、状语从句、形容词(词组)、独立结构、惯用的特殊词组。

今天讲以下三种状语,即:过去分词(词组)、状语从句、形容词(词组)

1.过去分词(词组)作状语

Given one more chance, Hillary Clinton will win presidency.

再给一个机会,希拉里·克林顿就会赢得总统职位。

Taken out of the context, the can’t be defined.

离开上下文,这个单词就无法确定词义。

My boss came back, as tired as a dog.

老板回来了,累成狗了。

练习题(仿照造句):

1.再给一碗饭,他就有5碗了。

2.漆成红色后,门更好看了。

2.状语从句作状语

When I was young, I liked to ride bike.

当我很小的时候,我喜欢骑自行车。

One should stand up where he falls down.

一个应该在哪里摔倒就在哪里站起来.

If you don’t like working in the company, you may go to the counterpart any time.

如果你不喜欢在这家公司里工作,随时可以去同行的公司。

Take the umbrella with you in case it should rain.

把雨伞带上,以防下雨。

You’d better not talk too much while you are eating.

吃东西时,最好别讲太多的话。

练习题(仿照造句):

1.当他是一个小孩时,他喜欢吃鸡肉。

2.你应该在你摔倒的地方站起来。

3.形容词(词组)作状语

The old man sat inthe chair, motionless and speechless.

老男人坐在椅子上,一动不动,一言不发。

Strange enough, he didn’t pass GRE.

说也奇怪,他没有通过GRE考试。

They raised their hands high, anxious to be chosen.

他们把手举得好高,巴不得被选中。

John came back happy.

约翰心情愉快地回来了。

练习题(仿照造句):

1.老奶奶站在客厅中间,一动不动,一言不发。

2.太奇怪了,他们跑不快。

上期0612英语外刊句子分析:

The French president Emmanuel Macron’s new centrist party is within reach of an overwhelming majority in parliament after exit polls showed it topping the poll with 32% in the first round on Sunday, but with a low voter turnout.

参考译文:

法国总统马克龙的新中间派政党达到议会的绝对多数要求,投票结束后的民调显示,这场民意测验超过星期天第一轮的投票(32%的得票率),但参与投票的人数较。

主语:TheFrench president Emmanuel Macron’s new centrist party

谓语:iswithin reach of an overwhelming majority in parliament

状语从句:after exit polls showed it topping the poll with 32% in the first roundon Sunday

第二个句子的谓语:with a low voter turnout(其中but是连接词,表明第二个句子,并表示转折)

作者|丹丹英语

公众号:英语语法学习

篇2:英语中的状语是怎么构成的

状语的构成

能充当状语的词语主要有:

时间副词(也称作时间名词)、副词(词组)、介词词组、(动词)不定式、动名词(词组),也称-ing式、过去分词(词组)、状语从句、少数形容词(词组)、独立结构、惯用的特殊词组。

今天讲前面的四种状语,即:时间副词、副词(词组)、介词词组、(动词)不定式

1时间副词(词组)作状语

单独一个时间名词,可以称作时间副词;时间名词词组,我们可以称为时间副词词组。

A new professor will give us a lecture Monday.

星期一有一个新教授给我们上课。

Jack will come here next Friday.

杰克下周一来这里。

Today I have good news for you.

今天我有好消息给你们。

练习题(仿照造句):

1.Lily明天来吗?

2.马克下星期天去纽约。

2副词(词组)作状语

Most of students are working hard.

大多数学生学习努力。

He can swim faster.

他能游得更快.

Old people usually walk slowly.

老人通常走得慢。

练习题(仿照造句):

1.大多数员工工作努力。

2.约翰能跑得更快些。

3介词词组作状语

In China, learning English is common now.

在如今的中国,学英语很普遍了。

Apple company is expanding its business in the Chinese market.

苹果公司正在扩大中国市场的业务。

The pretty girl comes from America.

这个漂亮女孩来自美国。

练习题(仿照造句):

1.在香港,高楼非常多。

2.美的公司的总部在广东。

4动词不定式(词组)作状语(主要作目的状语)

Miss Li will go to visit Paris.

李小姐将去参观巴黎。

Michael came to return his umbrella.

麦克来还书了。

I am writing this letter to tell you the truth.

我写这封信是想告诉你实情。

练习题(仿照造句):

1.林先生要去学车。

2.史密斯小姐来还自行车了。

作者|丹丹英语

公众号:英语语法学习

篇3:考研英语状语成分语法讲解

英语状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等等各种从句。

一、时间状语从句

1. 译成相应的时间状语

1)与原文顺序一致

While she spoke, the tears were running down. 她说话时泪水直流。

2)后置改前置

Please turn off the light when you leave the room. 离屋时请关灯。

2. 译成“刚(一)…… 就……”的句式:

When I reached the beach, I collapsed. 我一游到海滩就昏倒了。

3. 译成并列的分句:

1)译文前置

They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他还没有交赎金,他们就把他释放了。

2)后置不变

I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in. 我正想说话,史密斯先生就开口了。

二、原因状语从句

1. 译成表“因”的分句:

1)“因”在“果”之前

The crops failed because the season was dry. 因为气候干旱,作物欠收。

2)“果”在“因”之前

She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby. 她总能逃脱处罚,因为她看起来就像个小孩儿。

2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句:

Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft. 纯铁太软,所以不用在工业上。

Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 他深信这件事正确可靠,因此坚持己见。

3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句:

Where there is sound, there must be sound waves. 哪里有声音,哪里就必有声波。

After all, it did not matter much, because in24 hours, they were going to be free. 反正关系不大,24小时以后他们就自由了。

三、表示条件的状语从句

1. 译成表示条件的分句,汉语一般前置:

When this question is answered, even better and cheaper magnetic materials can be developed. 如果这一问题得到解决,就能研制出更好、更便宜的磁性材料。

2. 译成表示“假设”的分句,一般前置:

If one of them collapsed, as they often did, the guide used to carry him over the mountains. 如果其中一个人累垮了,向导就要背着他过山,这种情况经常发生。

3. 译成补充说明情况的分句,一般后置:

You can drive tonight if you are ready. 你今晚就可以出车,如果你愿意的话。

篇4:考研英语状语成分翻译处理

英语状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等等各种从句。

一、时间状语从句

1. 译成相应的时间状语

1)与原文顺序一致

While she spoke, the tears were running down. 她说话时泪水直流。

2)后置改前置

Please turn off the light when you leave the room. 离屋时请关灯。

2. 译成“刚(一)…… 就……”的句式:

When I reached the beach, I collapsed. 我一游到海滩就昏倒了。

3. 译成并列的分句:

1)译文前置

They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他还没有交赎金,他们就把他释放了。

2)后置不变

I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in. 我正想说话,史密斯先生就开口了。

二、原因状语从句

1. 译成表“因”的分句:

1)“因”在“果”之前

The crops failed because the season was dry. 因为气候干旱,作物欠收。

2)“果”在“因”之前

She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby. 她总能逃脱处罚,因为她看起来就像个小孩儿。

2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句:

Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft. 纯铁太软,所以不用在工业上。

Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 他深信这件事正确可靠,因此坚持己见。

3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句:

Where there is sound, there must be sound waves. 哪里有声音,哪里就必有声波。

After all, it did not matter much, because in24 hours, they were going to be free. 反正关系不大,24小时以后他们就自由了。

三、表示条件的状语从句

1. 译成表示条件的分句,汉语一般前置:

When this question is answered, even better and cheaper magnetic materials can be developed. 如果这一问题得到解决,就能研制出更好、更便宜的磁性材料。

2. 译成表示“假设”的分句,一般前置:

If one of them collapsed, as they often did, the guide used to carry him over the mountains. 如果其中一个人累垮了,向导就要背着他过山,这种情况经常发生。

3. 译成补充说明情况的分句,一般后置:

You can drive tonight if you are ready. 你今晚就可以出车,如果你愿意的话。

四、表示让步的状语从句

1. 译成表示“让步”的分句,一般前置:

While this is true of some, it is not true of all. 虽有部分如此,但不见得全部如此。

I still think that you made a mistake while l admit what you say. 就算你说得对,我仍认为你做错了。

2. 译成表示“无条件”的条件分句,一般前置:

Plugged into the intercommunication system, the man can now communicate with the rest of the crew no matter what noise is going on about him. 不管周围是多么喧闹,插头一接上机内通话系统,他就能和同机的其他人通话。

五、表示目的的状语从句

1. 译成表示“目的”的前置分句,常用“为了”、“省(免)得”、“以免”、“以便”、“生怕”等引导:

They stepped into a helicopter and flew high in the sky in order that they might have a bird’s eye view of the city. 为了俯瞰这个城市,他们驾驶直升机,凌空飞行。

2. 译成表示“目的”的后置分句,常用“省(免)得”、“以免”、“以便”、“使得”、“生怕”等引导:

The murderer ran away as fast as he could so that he might not be caught. 凶手很快地逃离了,以免被人抓住。

篇5:英语中哪些成分可以做前置定语

前置定语

1)名词词词组作前置定语

Jane has a veryuseful English grammar book.

简有一本很有用的的英语语法书。

John is really reliable man.

约翰是一个真正可以信赖的人。

The most difficult part is to come.

最难的部分在后头。

模仿造句:

1.他有一些好看的故事书。

2.这是一张正在跑步的男孩照片。

2)动名词作前置定语

Let me tell you a moving story.

我给你讲一个动人的故事。

It is a picture of grazing sheep.

这是一张正在吃草的绵羊的照片。

Horses are grass-eating animals.

马是食草动物。

模仿造句:

1.老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

2.这是一张正在打游戏的男孩照片。

3)过去分词作前置定语

His father is a retired engineer.

他父亲是一个退休工程师。

In the fall we can see a lot of fallen leaves.

在秋天我们能看见很多落叶。

America-supported Israel is in the Middle East.

美国支持的以色列在中东。

类似America-supported的“主语+谓语”型合成的过去分词越来越常见。

例如:

U.S.-climed美国声称的

state-owned国有的

government-appointed政府任命的

模仿造句:

1.她妈妈是一个退休的医生。

2.地上有很多黄色的落叶。

4)过去分词作前置定语

The police found no clearly marked sign.

警察没有发现明显标出的标志。

There are some elegantly dressed ladies in the mall.

商场里有些穿着优雅的女士。

注意:过去分词词组虽然有时作前置定语,但是大多数时候用连字号连接成一个组合词。

a well-known conductor有名的指挥,two mutually-related parts相互关联的两部分。

模仿造句:

1.只有少数是穿着漂亮的女士。

2.那是有个完全烂掉(rotten)的苹果。

作者|丹丹英语

公众号:英语语法学习

篇6:英语中什么是状语

能充当状语的词语主要有:

时间副词(也称作时间名词)、副词(词组)、介词词组、(动词)不定式、动名词(词组),也称-ing式、过去分词(词组)、状语从句、少数形容词(词组)、独立结构、惯用的特殊词组。

判断:其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。

状语在句子中的`位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;

修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;

表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;

一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。

篇7:英语中句子的成分参考

主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。

宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。

定语是句子中修饰名词,代词或其它名词化的词。

状语是修饰动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、分句以至句子的成分。状语根据语义可分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结构状语、程度状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语、方面状语、伴随状语和句子状语。

定语则属于短语内部修饰名词的成分,与名词或相当于名词词类的中心词构成名词短语,有前置定语和后置定语之分。名词短语、形容词短语、动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词和定语从句都可以充当定语。

补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。

补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系。

表语表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于连系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后

He hit me in the face.

he是主语,hit是谓语,me是宾语

He is a happy boy.happy是定语

I found nobody was there when I

got home. When i got home是时间状语(此外还有地点状语,原因状语,目的状语,条件状语等)

I found him dead. dead是宾补

He was found dead.dead做主补

I am happy. am是系动词,happy是表语。

英语句型结构

一.简单句:

英语基本句型-1

主系表结构:本结构是由“主语+系动词+表语”组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。 系动词有:

1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;

2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;

3.表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;

eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old.

The cake tastes delicious.

The potatoes went bad in the fields.

Deep water stays still.

He was at work.

She is in good health.

It is beyond my ability.

I was at a loss.

You are under arrest.

英语基本句型-2

主谓结构:本结构是由“主语加不及物的谓语动词”构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。

如:The sun rises.

Tom has already left.

主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。

如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.

2. They had to travel by air or boat.

3. She sat there alone.

4. He came back when we were eating.

5. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake。

英语基本句型-3

主谓宾结构:本结构是由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语”构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。 如:1. Tom made a hole in the wall.

2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.

3. They haven’t decided where to go next.

4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.

英语基本句型-4

双宾语结构:此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)”组成。如: He brings me cookies every day.

但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。如: He brings cookies to me every day.

She made a beautiful dress for me.

用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。

用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。

常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等;

(需借助for 的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。

英语基本句型-5

复合宾语结构: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和说明宾语的性质和特点,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。

如: The sun keeps us warm.

I heard him singing.

They made Tom monitor.

He used to do his homework with his radio on.

My mother asked me to clean my room.

The teacher made all students finish their homework on time.

用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如:

I found it very pleasant to be with your family.

也可以说 I found it was pleasant to be with your family. 它们的区别在于第一个是简单句第二个是复合句,意思都是一样的。

英语基本句型-6

There be 句型: 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“??有??”。 它其实是全倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等,但一般不用have。如: There stands a hill in the middle of the park.

Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.

Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如:

现在有 there is/are ?

过去有 there was/were?

将来有 there will be?;there is /are going to be...

现在已经有 there has/have been?

可能有 there might be...

肯定有 there must be ?/there must have been...

过去曾经有 there used to be ?

似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be ?

碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be ?

Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.

The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.

There used to be a cinema here before the war.

二.并列句。

结构:

1.由分号连接。

eg. Some people cry; others laugh.

Let’s start early; we have a long way to go.

2.由并列连词及词组连接-——and/ but /or/ so / however / still/ therefore /yet /while /otherwise /for /both?and?/not only?but also?/as well as/

or else/ either?or?/neither?nor?/not?but?等。

eg: I’d like to, but I have lots of homework to do.

I’ve got a cold, so I’m going to bed.

Both my father and mother are teachers.

It’s very good, yet I don’t like it.

三、复合句

构成:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句和从句都有完整的主谓结构,但主句是全局的主体,从句只是全句中的一个成分,不能独立存在。从句通常是用引导词来引导的,引导词起连接主句和从句的作用。

分类:名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句),形容词性从句(定语从句),副词性从句(状语从句)。

篇8:英语语态中如何构成被动语态

被动语态在谓语时态中的表现形式:

1.现在一般时,由am/ are / is+done构成。

The book is written by Wang Meng.

这本书是(被)王蒙写的。

He is respected by the teachers and his students.

他受到师生们的好评。

The phone is repaired by me.

这部手机是(被)我修理的。

2.过去一般时,由was /were+done构成。

Two chairs were moved away.

两把椅子被移开了。

He was dismissed by my boss.

他被我的老板解雇了。

I was asked to go to Harbin on business yesterday.

我昨天被派往哈尔滨出差了。

This novel was published in .

这本小说是在出版的。

3.将来一般时,由shall /will be+done构成。

The money will be returned by my son.

我钱将由我儿子还。

The letter will be sent by my friend to you.

这封信将由我的朋友带给你。

Iam sure that we shall be invited to theparty.

我们肯定会被邀请参加舞会的。

4.将来一般时,由should/ would be+done构成。

She said that all the apples would be finished up bythe kids that afternoon.

她说所有的苹果会在当天被孩子们吃掉。

He told me that he would be asked to attend the opening ceremony.

他告诉我说他将被邀请参加开幕式。

5.现在进行时,由am /are / is+being+done构成。

Tom is being praised in the class.

汤姆正在班上受表扬呢。

The new teaching building is being built.

新的教学大楼正在修建。

6.过去进行时,由was/were+being+done构成。

They were being criticized for being late.

他们当时因为迟到正在受批评。

He realized that he was being made fun of.

他意识到有人在取笑他。

7.现在完成时,由have /has+been+done构成。

John has been given the first prize.

约翰已被授予一等奖。

He has been praised since he came here.

自从他来这儿以来,一直受到表扬。

This computer has been repaired.

这台电脑已经修好了。

8.过去完成时,由had+been+done构成

He said that the newspaper had been sold out.

他说那张报纸已经被卖掉了。

By the time I came back, the work had been finished.

到我回来时,此工作已经完成。

9.将来完成时,由shall/ will+have+been+done构成。

The new factory will have been completed by the end of this month.

到这个月末,这个新工厂将已竣工。

10.过去将来完成时,由should / would+have+been+done构成。

It was reported that this building would have been completed by the end of this month.

据报道,这栋楼将在这个月末以前将已竣工。

篇9:考研英语中的比较状语从句

考研英语中的比较状语从句

比较状语从句是状语从句中最难的一个知识点。这里把大家日常生活中比较难的比较状语从句都一一罗列,希望对大家有所帮助:

(1) It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ________ that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business.(2000-语法-9)

[A] rather [B] so [C] than(D) [D] as

解析:这个句子是典型的Not …so much as比较结构,一般翻译为“与其说前者,倒不如说后者。”或者“是后者,而不是前者”。在这个句子里,主句表语是两个that引导的并列成分,所以翻译为:“与其说我不喜欢她,倒不如说我对整个事情根本就不感兴趣。”意译一下就是:并不是因为我不喜欢她,而是因为我对整个事情根本就不感兴趣。

(2) Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”(2006-1-4)

解析:这个句子是than引导的比较状语从句,这个句子为了强调所以把do提前,这是需要考生注意的事项。翻译为:“亚裔和西班牙裔移民的“异族通婚率比美国本土黑人和白人的比例要高”。”

(3) There are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago. (2006-3-32题选项B)

解析:这个句子是“倍数+as…as”的结构,翻译为:“如今的渔场数量仅是15年前的一半。”

(4) Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.(2005-新题型-6)

解析:这个句子是“比较级,比较级”结构,从句省略了谓语动词,补充完整是“the greater the potential consumers are, the higher the likelihood of a better price is.”翻译为:“基本经济学原理标明,潜在的客户越多,获得更多优惠价格的可能性就越大。”

(5) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.(2006-新题型-49)

解析:这个句子是典型的“not….any more than”结构,和“no more ….than”表示的意思一样,基本意思是 “同…一样不”。翻译时我们经常翻译为:“不能…..,就如同不能(than从句)一样”或者“正如不能(than从句)一样,不能….”这个句子就可以翻译为:“正如我们不能指望一个商人将他的'全部精力都用于探索商业行为准则一样,他的首要任务也不是考虑支配自己行为的道德。”或者“但是,他的首要任务不是考虑支配自己行为的道德,就如同我们不能指望一个商人将他全部的精力都用于探索商业行为准则一样。”

这只是真题中的部分例子,希望大家在解题过程中好好鉴别,正确理解,好好翻译。

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